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Zhang Y, Qu M, Yi X, Zhuo P, Tang J, Chen X, Zhou G, Hu P, Qiu T, Xing W, Mao Y, Chen BT, Wu J, Zhang Y, Liao W. Sensorimotor and pain-related alterations of the gray matter and white matter in Type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:710-725. [PMID: 31663232 PMCID: PMC7268085 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has long been considered a disease of the peripheral nervous system, recent neuroimaging studies have shown that alterations in the central nervous system may play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Here, we used surface‐based morphometry (SBM) and tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) to investigate gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) differences between patients with DPN (n = 67, 44 painless and 23 painful) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 88). Compared with HCs, patients with DPN exhibited GM abnormalities in the pre‐ and postcentral gyrus and in several deep GM nuclei (caudate, putamen, medial pallidum, thalamus, and ventral nuclear). They also exhibited altered WM tracts (corticospinal tract, spinothalamic tract, and thalamocortical projecting fibers). These findings suggest impaired motor and somatosensory pathways in DPN. Further, patients with DPN (particularly painful DPN) exhibited morphological differences in the cingulate, insula, prefrontal cortex, and thalamus, as well as impaired WM integrity in periaqueductal WM and internal and external capsules. This suggests pain‐perception/modulation pathways are altered in painful DPN. Intermodal correlation analyses found that the morphological indices of the brain regions identified by the SBM analysis were significantly correlated with the fractional anisotropy of brain regions identified by the TBSS analysis, suggesting that the GM and WM alterations were tightly coupled. Overall, our study showed sensorimotor and pain‐related GM and WM alterations in patients with DPN, which might be involved in the development of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minli Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Postdoctoral Research Workstation of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Zhuo
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wu Xing
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yitao Mao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bihong T Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Pagnozzi AM, Fripp J, Rose SE. Quantifying deep grey matter atrophy using automated segmentation approaches: A systematic review of structural MRI studies. Neuroimage 2019; 201:116018. [PMID: 31319182 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep grey matter (DGM) nuclei of the brain play a crucial role in learning, behaviour, cognition, movement and memory. Although automated segmentation strategies can provide insight into the impact of multiple neurological conditions affecting these structures, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Cerebral Palsy (CP), there are a number of technical challenges limiting an accurate automated segmentation of the DGM. Namely, the insufficient contrast of T1 sequences to completely identify the boundaries of these structures, as well as the presence of iso-intense white matter lesions or extensive tissue loss caused by brain injury. Therefore in this systematic review, 269 eligible studies were analysed and compared to determine the optimal approaches for addressing these technical challenges. The automated approaches used among the reviewed studies fall into three broad categories, atlas-based approaches focusing on the accurate alignment of atlas priors, algorithmic approaches which utilise intensity information to a greater extent, and learning-based approaches that require an annotated training set. Studies that utilise freely available software packages such as FIRST, FreeSurfer and LesionTOADS were also eligible, and their performance compared. Overall, deep learning approaches achieved the best overall performance, however these strategies are currently hampered by the lack of large-scale annotated data. Improving model generalisability to new datasets could be achieved in future studies with data augmentation and transfer learning. Multi-atlas approaches provided the second-best performance overall, and may be utilised to construct a "silver standard" annotated training set for deep learning. To address the technical challenges, providing robustness to injury can be improved by using multiple channels, highly elastic diffeomorphic transformations such as LDDMM, and by following atlas-based approaches with an intensity driven refinement of the segmentation, which has been done with the Expectation Maximisation (EM) and level sets methods. Accounting for potential lesions should be achieved with a separate lesion segmentation approach, as in LesionTOADS. Finally, to address the issue of limited contrast, R2*, T2* and QSM sequences could be used to better highlight the DGM due to its higher iron content. Future studies could look to additionally acquire these sequences by retaining the phase information from standard structural scans, or alternatively acquiring these sequences for only a training set, allowing models to learn the "improved" segmentation from T1-sequences alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Pagnozzi
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen E Rose
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
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Tremblay S, Pascual-Leone A, Théoret H. A review of the effects of physical activity and sports concussion on brain function and anatomy. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 132:167-175. [PMID: 28893565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity has been associated with widespread anatomical and functional brain changes that occur following acute exercise or, in the case of athletes, throughout life. High levels of physical activity through the practice of sports also lead to better general health and increased cognitive function. Athletes are at risk, however, of suffering a concussion, the effects of which have been extensively described for brain function and anatomy. The level to which these effects are modulated by increased levels of fitness is not known. Here, we review literature describing the effects of physical activity and sports concussions on white matter, grey matter, neurochemistry and cortical excitability. We suggest that the effects of sports concussion can be coufounded by the effects of exercise. Indeed, available data show that the brain of athletes is different from that of healthy individuals with a non-active lifestyle. As a result, sports concussions take place in a context where structural/functional plasticity has occurred prior to the concussive event. The sports concussion literature does not permit, at present, to separate the effects of intense and repeated physical activity, and the abrupt removal from such activities, from those of concussion on brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tremblay
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division for Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hugo Théoret
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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Sommer M, Häger CK, Boraxbekk CJ, Rönnqvist L. Timing Training in Female Soccer Players: Effects on Skilled Movement Performance and Brain Responses. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:311. [PMID: 30116186 PMCID: PMC6082929 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although trainers and athletes consider “good timing skills” critical for optimal sport performance, little is known in regard to how sport-specific skills may benefit from timing training. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of timing training on soccer skill performance and the associated changes in functional brain response in elite- and sub-elite female soccer players. Twenty-five players (mean age 19.5 years; active in the highest or second highest divisions in Sweden), were randomly assigned to either an experimental- or a control group. The experimental group (n = 12) was subjected to a 4-week program (12 sessions) of synchronized metronome training (SMT). We evaluated effects on accuracy and variability in a soccer cross-pass task. The associated brain response was captured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while watching videos with soccer-specific actions. SMT improved soccer cross-pass performance, with a significant increase in outcome accuracy, combined with a decrease in outcome variability. SMT further induced changes in the underlying brain response associated with observing a highly familiar soccer-specific action, denoted as decreased activation in the cerebellum post SMT. Finally, decreased cerebellar activation was associated with improved cross-pass performance and sensorimotor synchronization. These findings suggest a more efficient neural recruitment during action observation after SMT. To our knowledge, this is the first controlled study providing behavioral and neurophysiological evidence that timing training may positively influence soccer-skill, while strengthening the action-perception coupling via enhanced sensorimotor synchronization abilities, and thus influencing the underlying brain responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Sommer
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Charlotte K Häger
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Boraxbekk
- Center for Demographic and Aging Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Pietsch S, Jansen P. Mental rotation and handedness: differences in object-based and egocentric transformations. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2018.1483937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Pietsch
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Jansen
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Jang H, Lee JY, Lee KI, Park KM. Are there differences in brain morphology according to handedness? Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00730. [PMID: 28729936 PMCID: PMC5516604 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the differences in brain morphology according to handedness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two healthy subjects were enrolled (21 right-handers and 21 nonright-handers). The two groups were classified according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Measures of cortical morphology, such as thickness, surface area, volume, and curvature, and the volumes of subcortical structures, such as the amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, globus pallidus, putamen, and thalamus, were compared between the groups according to handedness using whole-brain 3D T1-weighted MRI. In addition, we investigated the white matter differences between the groups using diffusion tensor imaging. Moreover, we quantified correlations between the handedness scales of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and each measure of different brain morphologies. RESULTS The volumes of the right putamen and left globus pallidus in nonright-handed participants were significantly larger than those who were right-handed (0.3559 vs. 0.3155%, p = .0028; 0.1101 vs. 0.0975%, p = .0025; respectively). Moreover, the volumes of the right putamen and left globus pallidus were negatively correlated with the handedness scales of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (r = -.392, p = .0101; r = -.361, p = .0189; respectively). However, the cortex morphology and the other subcortical volumes were not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, we did not find any white matter differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that there were significant differences in brain morphology between right-handers and nonright-handers, especially in the basal ganglia, which could produce differences in motor control according to handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jang
- Inje University College of Medicine Haeundae-gu Busan Korea
| | - Jae Youn Lee
- Inje University College of Medicine Haeundae-gu Busan Korea
| | - Kang Il Lee
- Inje University College of Medicine Haeundae-gu Busan Korea
| | - Kang Min Park
- Inje University College of Medicine Haeundae-gu Busan Korea
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Effects of Long-term Diving Training on Cortical Gyrification. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28243. [PMID: 27320849 PMCID: PMC4913303 DOI: 10.1038/srep28243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During human brain development, cortical gyrification, which is believed to facilitate compact wiring of neural circuits, has been shown to follow an inverted U-shaped curve, coinciding with the two-stage neurodevelopmental process of initial synaptic overproduction with subsequent pruning. This trajectory allows postnatal experiences to refine the wiring, which may manifest as endophenotypic changes in cortical gyrification. Diving experts, typical elite athletes who commence intensive motor training at a very young age in their early childhood, serve ideal models for examining the gyrification changes related to long-term intensive diving training. Using local gyrification index (LGI), we compared the cortical gyrification between 12 diving experts and 12 controls. Compared with controls, diving experts showed widespread LGI reductions in regions relevant to diving performance. Negative correlations between LGIs and years of diving training were also observed in diving experts. Further exploratory network efficiency analysis of structural cortical networks, inferred from interregional correlation of LGIs, revealed comparable global and local efficiency in diving experts relative to controls. These findings suggest that gyrification reductions in diving experts may be the result of long-term diving training which could refine the neural circuitry (via synaptic pruning) and might be the anatomical substrate underlying their extraordinary diving performance.
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Hänggi J, Langer N, Lutz K, Birrer K, Mérillat S, Jäncke L. Structural brain correlates associated with professional handball playing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124222. [PMID: 25915906 PMCID: PMC4411074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no doubt that good bimanual performance is very important for skilled handball playing. The control of the non-dominant hand is especially demanding since efficient catching and throwing needs both hands. Methodology/Hypotheses We investigated training-induced structural neuroplasticity in professional handball players using several structural neuroimaging techniques and analytic approaches and also provide a review of the literature about sport-induced structural neuroplastic alterations. Structural brain adaptations were expected in regions relevant for motor and somatosensory processing such as the grey matter (GM) of the primary/secondary motor (MI/supplementary motor area, SMA) and somatosensory cortex (SI/SII), basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum and in the white matter (WM) of the corticospinal tract (CST) and corpus callosum, stronger in brain regions controlling the non-dominant left hand. Results Increased GM volume in handball players compared with control subjects were found in the right MI/SI, bilateral SMA/cingulate motor area, and left intraparietal sulcus. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity were increased within the right CST in handball players compared with control women. Age of handball training commencement correlated inversely with GM volume in the right and left MI/SI and years of handball training experience correlated inversely with radial diffusivity in the right CST. Subcortical structures tended to be larger in handball players. The anatomical measures of the brain regions associated with handball playing were positively correlated in handball players, but not interrelated in control women. Discussion/Conclusion Training-induced structural alterations were found in the somatosensory-motor network of handball players, more pronounced in the right hemisphere controlling the non-dominant left hand. Correlations between handball training-related measures and anatomical differences suggest neuroplastic adaptations rather than a genetic predisposition for a ball playing affinity. Investigations of neuroplasticity specifically in sportsmen might help to understand the neural mechanisms of expertise in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Hänggi
- Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicolas Langer
- Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neural Systems Lab, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
- Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Kai Lutz
- Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, cereneo AG, Vitznau, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Birrer
- Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Rehabilitation Center Affoltern am Albis, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
| | - Susan Mérillat
- Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP), Dynamic of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Special Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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