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Osakada Y, Yamashita T, Morihara R, Matsumoto N, Sasaki R, Tadokoro K, Nomura E, Kawahara Y, Omote Y, Hishikawa N, Takemoto M, Ohta Y, Suruga Y, Nagase T, Takasugi Y, Inoue S, Watanabe K, Deguchi K, Tokunaga K, Sasada S, Kobayashi K, Maeoka R, Fukutome K, Takahashi K, Ohnishi H, Kuga Y, Ohnishi H, Abe K. 4-Hydroxyl-2-Nonenal Localized Expression Pattern in Retrieved Clots is Associated with Large Artery Atherosclerosis in Stroke Patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105583. [PMID: 33412400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between stroke etiology and clot pathology remains controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed histological analysis of clots retrieved from 52 acute ischemic stroke patients using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (CD42b and oxidative/hypoxic stress markers). The correlations between clot composition and the stroke etiological group (i.e., cardioembolic, cryptogenic, or large artery atherosclerosis) were assessed. RESULTS Of the 52 clots analyzed, there were no significant differences in histopathologic composition (e.g., white blood cells, red blood cells, fibrin, and platelets) between the 3 etiological groups (P = .92). By contrast, all large artery atherosclerosis clots showed a localized pattern with the oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxyl-2-nonenal (P < .01). From all 52 clots, 4-hydroxyl-2-nonenal expression patterns were localized in 28.8% of clots, diffuse in 57.7% of clots, and no signal in 13.5% of clots. CONCLUSIONS A localized pattern of 4-hydroxyl-2-nonenal staining may be a novel and effective marker for large artery atherosclerosis (sensitivity 100%, specificity 82%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Osakada
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department of Neurology, Ohnishi Neurological Center, 1661-1 Eigashima Okubocho, Akashi, Hyogo 674-0064, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Namiko Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Ryo Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Koh Tadokoro
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Emi Nomura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Yuko Kawahara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Omote
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuki Suruga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Okayama City Hospital, 3-20-1 Kitanagase Omotecho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8557, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Nagase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Okayama City Hospital, 3-20-1 Kitanagase Omotecho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8557, Japan.
| | - Yuji Takasugi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Okayama City Hospital, 3-20-1 Kitanagase Omotecho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8557, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Okayama City Hospital, 3-20-1 Kitanagase Omotecho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8557, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Okayama City Hospital, 3-20-1 Kitanagase Omotecho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8557, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Deguchi
- Department of Neurology, Okayama City Hospital, 3-20-1 Kitanagase Omotecho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8557, Japan.
| | - Koji Tokunaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Okayama City Hospital, 3-20-1 Kitanagase Omotecho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8557, Japan.
| | - Susumu Sasada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsuyama Chuo Hospital, 1756 Kawasaki Tsuyama, Okayama 708-0841, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsuyama Chuo Hospital, 1756 Kawasaki Tsuyama, Okayama 708-0841, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Maeoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ohnishi Neurological Center, 1661-1 Eigashima Okubocho, Akashi, Hyogo 674-0064, Japan.
| | - Kenji Fukutome
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ohnishi Neurological Center, 1661-1 Eigashima Okubocho, Akashi, Hyogo 674-0064, Japan.
| | - Kenkichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ohnishi Neurological Center, 1661-1 Eigashima Okubocho, Akashi, Hyogo 674-0064, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ohnishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ohnishi Neurological Center, 1661-1 Eigashima Okubocho, Akashi, Hyogo 674-0064, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ohnishi Neurological Center, 1661-1 Eigashima Okubocho, Akashi, Hyogo 674-0064, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Ohnishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ohnishi Neurological Center, 1661-1 Eigashima Okubocho, Akashi, Hyogo 674-0064, Japan.
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Xu J, Wang Y, Wang A, Gao Z, Gao X, Chen H, Zhou J, Zhao X, Wang Y. Safety and efficacy of Edaravone Dexborneol versus edaravone for patients with acute ischaemic stroke: a phase II, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, multiple-dose, active-controlled clinical trial. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2019; 4:109-114. [PMID: 31709115 PMCID: PMC6812637 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2018-000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Edaravone Dexborneol is a novel neuroprotective agent that comprised edaravone and (+)-borneol, a food additive with an anti-inflammatory effect in animal ischaemic stroke models. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of Edaravone Dexborneol compared with edaravone in treating patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Methods In this multicentre, randomised, double-blind, multiple-dose, active-controlled, phase II clinical trial, patients with AIS within 48 hours after stroke onset were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to low-dose (12.5 mg), medium-dose (37.5 mg) or high-dose (62.5 mg) Edaravone Dexborneol groups, and an active control group with edaravone (30 mg) by 30 min intravenous infusion every 12 hours, for 14 consecutive days. The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of modified Rankin Scale (mRS)score ≤1 at 90 days and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score change from baseline to 14 days after randomisation. The safety outcome included any adverse event during 90 days after treatment. Results Of 385 patients included in the efficacy analysis, 94 were randomised to low-dose group, 97 to medium-dose group, 98 to high-dose group and 96 to the control group. No significant difference was observed among the four groups on mRS score (mRS ≤1, p=0.4054) at 90 days or NIHSS score change at 14 days (p=0.6799). However, a numerically higher percentage of patients with mRSscore ≤1 at 90 days in the medium-dose (69.39%) and high-dose (65.63%) groups was observed than in the control group (60.64%). No significant difference in severe adverse events was found among the four groups (p=0.3815). Conclusions Compared with edaravone alone, Edaravone Dexborneol was safe and well tolerated at all doses, although no significant improvement in functional outcomes was observed at 90days. Trial registration number NCT01929096.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huisheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital, PLA Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Junshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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Nomura J, Busso N, Ives A, Matsui C, Tsujimoto S, Shirakura T, Tamura M, Kobayashi T, So A, Yamanaka Y. Xanthine oxidase inhibition by febuxostat attenuates experimental atherosclerosis in mice. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4554. [PMID: 24686534 PMCID: PMC3971401 DOI: 10.1038/srep04554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease due to lipid deposition in the arterial wall. Multiple mechanisms participate in the inflammatory process, including oxidative stress. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has been linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show enhanced XO expression in macrophages in the atherosclerotic plaque and in aortic endothelial cells in ApoE(-/-) mice, and that febuxostat, a highly potent XO inhibitor, suppressed plaque formation, reduced arterial ROS levels and improved endothelial dysfunction in ApoE(-/-) mice without affecting plasma cholesterol levels. In vitro, febuxostat inhibited cholesterol crystal-induced ROS formation and inflammatory cytokine release in murine macrophages. These results demonstrate that in the atherosclerotic plaque, XO-mediated ROS formation is pro-inflammatory and XO-inhibition by febuxostat is a potential therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johji Nomura
- 1] Pharmaceutical Department Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan [2] Service of Rheumatology, Department of l'Appareil Locomoteur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Busso
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of l'Appareil Locomoteur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annette Ives
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of l'Appareil Locomoteur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chieko Matsui
- Pharmaceutical Department Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Tsujimoto
- Pharmaceutical Department Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirakura
- Pharmaceutical Department Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuho Tamura
- Pharmaceutical Department Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunefumi Kobayashi
- Pharmaceutical Department Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alexander So
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of l'Appareil Locomoteur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yoshihiro Yamanaka
- Pharmaceutical Department Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
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Kikuchi K, Tancharoen S, Takeshige N, Yoshitomi M, Morioka M, Murai Y, Tanaka E. The efficacy of edaravone (radicut), a free radical scavenger, for cardiovascular disease. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13909-30. [PMID: 23880849 PMCID: PMC3742225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Edaravone was originally developed as a potent free radical scavenger, and has been widely used to treat acute ischemic stroke in Japan since 2001. Free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Therefore, free radicals may be targets for therapeutic intervention in these diseases. Edaravone shows protective effects on ischemic insults and inflammation in the heart, vessel, and brain in experimental studies. As well as scavenging free radicals, edaravone has anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic, and anti-cytokine effects in cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Edaravone has preventive effects on myocardial injury following ischemia and reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Edaravone may represent a new therapeutic intervention for endothelial dysfunction in the setting of atherosclerosis, heart failure, diabetes, or hypertension, because these diseases result from oxidative stress and/or cytokine-induced apoptosis. This review evaluates the potential of edaravone for treatment of cardiovascular disease, and covers clinical and experimental studies conducted between 1984 and 2013. We propose that edaravone, which scavenges free radicals, may offer a novel option for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, additional clinical studies are necessary to verify the efficacy of edaravone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothe Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; E-Mails: (K.K.); (S.T.)
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mail:
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mails: (N.T.); (M.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Salunya Tancharoen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothe Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; E-Mails: (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Nobuyuki Takeshige
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mails: (N.T.); (M.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Munetake Yoshitomi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mails: (N.T.); (M.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mails: (N.T.); (M.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Yoshinaka Murai
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Eiichiro Tanaka
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-942-31-7542; Fax: +81-942-31-7695
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Shimada K, Hirano E, Kimura T, Fujita M, Kishimoto C. Carvedilol reduces the severity of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice via reducing superoxide production. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:1039-44. [PMID: 22946091 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis, and carvedilol has the capacity of reducing oxidative stress. Accordingly, we assessed the hypothesis that carvedilol may reduce the severity of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice in addition to its hemodynamic effects. Atherosclerosis was induced in apoE-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet containing 0.3% cholesterol. Mice were orally treated with propranolol (30 mg/kg/day), metoprolol (75 mg/kg/day) and carvedilol (10 mg/kg/day) over eight weeks (each group n = 7-9). Fatty streak plaque developed in apoE-deficient mice, and was suppressed in mice treated with all three drugs. The accumulation of macrophages and expression of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in the lesions were decreased by the treatment of the drugs, of which carvedilol was the most effective. In addition, carvedilol reduced superoxide production in aortic walls detected by ethidium staining. There were no significant changes in blood pressure among the study groups. The heart rates in the treated groups were decreased by 4%-12% compared with the control group, with carvedilol yielding the highest suppression of heart rate. The β-blocker treatment did not significantly modify the serum lipid profiles. Carvedilol may suppress atherosclerosis via reducing superoxide production, in addition to the hemodynamic modifications in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Shimada K, Murayama T, Yokode M, Kita T, Fujita M, Kishimoto C. Olmesartan, a novel angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, reduces severity of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice associated with reducing superoxide production. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:672-678. [PMID: 20399087 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Some angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonists have the capacity of reducing oxidative stress in addition to the hemodynamic actions. Accordingly, we assessed the hypothesis that olmesartan, a novel AT(1) receptor antagonist, reduced the severity of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein (apo) E-deficient mice associated with reducing oxidative stress. METHODS AND RESULTS Atherosclerosis was induced in apo E-deficient mice fed a high fat diet. Mice were intraperitoneally treated with an injection of olmesartan (1mg/kg/day) daily over 8 weeks, and were compared with the untreated controls. Blood pressure was not changed significantly by the olmesartan treatment. Fatty streak plaque developed in apo E-deficient mice, and was suppressed in mice that received olmesartan. In addition, olmesartan reduced not only superoxide production but the overload of oxidative stress in aortic walls. There were no significant differences in serum lipid levels between olmesartan-treated and -untreated groups. In vitro study showed that both olmesartan and its active metabolite RNH-6270, an enantiomer of olmesartan, suppressed interferon-γ, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and thioredoxin (a marker of oxidative stress) concentrations in cultured cells. CONCLUSION Olmesartan may suppress atherosclerosis via reducing not only superoxide production but also the overload of oxidative stress in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Atherosclerotic plaques induced by marble-burying behavior are stabilized by exercise training in experimental atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiol 2011; 151:284-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fujimoto H, Kobayashi H, Ohno M. Age-Induced Reduction in Mitochondrial Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Tolerance of Macrophages Against Apoptosis Induced by Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein. Circ J 2010; 74:353-60. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-09-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisae Kobayashi
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital
| | - Minoru Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Toranomon Hospital
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9
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Shimada K, Murayama T, Yokode M, Kita T, Uzui H, Ueda T, Lee JD, Kishimoto C. N-Acetylcysteine Reduces the Severity of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice by Reducing Superoxide Production. Circ J 2009; 73:1337-41. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-08-1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Toshinori Murayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Toru Kita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Hiroyasu Uzui
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui
| | - Takanori Ueda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui
| | - Jong-Dae Lee
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui
| | - Chiharu Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
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10
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Radhakrishnan G, Suzuki R, Maeda H, Yamamoto M, Hirose N, Gopalrao RK, Lee GH, Hayashi Y, Rao P, Sasaguri S. Inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia development by MCI-186 is correlated with downregulation of nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. Circ J 2008; 72:800-6. [PMID: 18441462 DOI: 10.1253/circj.72.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a progressing inflammatory response mediated by various signaling molecules among which nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is thought to have a pivotal role. This study demonstrated the efficacy of antioxidant MCI-186 in preventing the progression of atherosclerosis by inhibiting signaling molecules such as NF-kappaB. METHODS AND RESULTS Balloon injury of intima was performed in the right common carotid artery of Japanese male white rabbits, which were then fed a 1% high cholesterol diet for 4 weeks, after assigning them to either the control (n=7) or MCI-186 (0.5 mg .kg(-1) . day(-1), n=7) group. Histological analysis revealed a reduction in neointimal thickness and lipid deposition in the subendothelial area of the MCI-186 group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed attenuation of E-selectin expression, macrophage migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the MCI-186 treated group. In in vitro studies, rabbit aorta smooth muscle cells were incubated with rIL-1betain either the presence or absence of MCI-186. MCI-186 significantly inhibited rIL-1beta-induced proliferation of smooth muscle cells from rabbit aorta, as well as the activation of NF-kappaB. Moreover, western blot analysis showed the inhibitory action of MCI-186 on the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under rIL-1betastimulation. CONCLUSIONS MCI-186 could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis by inhibiting the NF-kappaB pathway.
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Abstract
Limiting myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is essential for preventing contractile dysfunction and limiting morbidity and mortality associated with ischemic heart disease. Over the last few decades, it has become clear that during IR insults, myocardial oxygen radical formation is accelerated and plays a critical role in mediating cellular damage and dysfunction. This review provides a brief summary of a variety of approaches that have been undertaken to alleviate the oxidant stress associated with myocardial IR, and a summary of the data demonstrating the potential therapeutic value of oxidant scavenging in limiting IR-induced myocardial damage. Included is a review of investigations using novel free radical scavengers, antioxidant extracts from a variety of plants, polyphenolic compounds from foods such as cocoa, soy, grapes, and wine, as well as vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene. Also reviewed is the evidence that exercise-induced increases in endogenous antioxidants may be an important change contributing to cardioprotection. One must conclude from this brief review that current evidence suggests that enhancing oxidant-scavenging capacity protects against some of the cardiomyocyte disturbances during IR and helps salvage myocardial tissue. Data in cultured cell and animal models are convincing; trials in humans are significantly more conflicting, but still promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn L Hamilton
- Applied Human Sciences, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1582, USA.
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12
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Yamamura M, Miyamoto Y, Mitsuno M, Tanaka H, Kobayashi Y, Ryomoto M. Suppression of postoperative intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts with edaravone in rat models - a scanning electron microscope study. Int J Angiol 2007; 16:143-5. [PMID: 22477331 PMCID: PMC2733028 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1278269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative intimal hyperplasia, the most common cause of vein graft occlusion, is initiated by endothelial injury. In the present study, the mechanism by which the free radical scavenger edaravone (Radicut, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co, Japan) protects against endothelial injury in postoperative intimal hyperplasia was investigated. METHODS In 18 male Lewis rats, a right epigastric vein graft was interposed into the common femoral artery. Nine rats received a pre-operative intraperitoneal administration of edaravone (3.0 mg/kg, edaravone group) and the other nine rats received an equal volume of saline (saline group). After 1 h, five vein grafts from each group were treated with Verhoeff-van Gieson elastica stain and subjected to a histological examination. The other four vein grafts from each group were examined with an S-800 Hitachi scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Hitachi High-Technologies Co, Japan) at ×1000 magnification, as were three unoperated right epigastric veins (unoperated vein group). The endothelial areas of the vein grafts were measured using computerized planimetry of the SEM images (ImageJ version 1.37, National Institutes of Health, USA). The mean endothelial areas (%) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Verhoeff-van Gieson elastica stain revealed no significant differences between the two groups. SEM showed that endothelial cells in the unoperated epigastric vein had a cobblestone-like appearance. In the saline group, the endothelial cells were comb-shaped and had adherent monocytes. In the edaravone group, however, the cobblestone-like appearance of endothelial cells was well preserved, with little monocyte adhesion. Moreover, the mean (± standard error of the mean) endothelial area was significantly higher in vein grafts from the edaravone group than in those from the saline group (74±1.8% versus 56±4.3%, P<0.05), and was similar to those in the unoperated epigastric veins (72±1.9%). CONCLUSION These findings show that endothelial injury is present soon after placement of the interposition graft. The authors believe that edaravone suppresses postoperative intimal hyperplasia by alleviating endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yamamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masataka Mitsuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroe Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ryomoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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