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Cao Y, Chen Z, Jia J, Chen A, Gao Y, Qian J, Ge J. Rosuvastatin Alleviates Coronary Microembolization-Induced Cardiac Injury by Suppressing Nox2-Induced ROS Overproduction and Myocardial Apoptosis. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:341-351. [PMID: 34997458 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To explore the mechanism by which rosuvastatin prevents coronary microembolism (CME)-induced cardiac injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Animal and cell models of CME were established and treated with different doses of rosuvastatin. Echocardiography and histological staining were applied to assess left ventricular function and cardiac injury. Masson trichrome staining was used to evaluate fibrin deposition in the myocardium. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum and cell culture supernatant was detected. TUNEL staining and flow cytometry were used to evaluate apoptosis in myocardium and cardiomyocytes, respectively. The activity of ROS was revealed by DHE staining. The expression levels of Nox2, cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome C, p53, Bax and Bcl-2 were also detected. Rosuvastatin pretreatment improved the left ventricular function of CME mice and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrin deposition in the myocardium. Rosuvastatin reduced the production of ROS by inhibiting the expression of Nox2. Rosuvastatin also downregulated pro-apoptotic proteins cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome C, p53 and Bax, and upregulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Rosuvastatin mitigates CME-induced cardiac injury by inhibiting Nox2-induced ROS overproduction and alleviating p53/Bax/Bcl-2-dependent cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianguo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanhua Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Ding X, Chen H, Li H, Li W. Association of Prior Statin Therapy With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Initial Diagnosis of OCAD and LDL-C Below 1.8 mmol/L. Angiology 2022; 73:936-945. [PMID: 35191328 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221075861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of prior statin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with a diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <1.8 mmol/L. A total of 1330 patients with baseline LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L were included; 548 had received prior statin therapy [prior statin (+)] and 782 had no prior statin [prior statin (-)]. Major adverse cardiac and cerebral event (MACCE) during hospitalization and a median follow-up of 25 months were analyzed. Compared with the prior statin (-) group, who displayed similar atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk burden including 71.6% with hypertension, 39.1% with diabetes, and 76.1% with ≥3 risk factors, the prior statin (+) group had significantly lower incidence of composite MACCE, all-cause death and cardiovascular death. After multivariable adjustment, non-prior statin therapy was independently associated with all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR) 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-3.87, P = .019] and cardiovascular death (HR 2.28, 95% CI, 1.04-5.00, P = .040), particularly in the subgroups aged ≥65 years and with hypertension. Overall, compared with "naturally" LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L without statin, prior statin therapy to achieve an LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L independently predicted a lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with a diagnosis of OCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 26455Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqiao Zhao
- Clinical Atherosclerosis Research Lab, Division of Cardiology, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaosong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 26455Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 26455Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 26455Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Health Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 26455Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 26455Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
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3
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Kitahara S, Kataoka Y, Sugane H, Otsuka F, Asaumi Y, Noguchi T, Yasuda S. In vivo imaging of vulnerable plaque with intravascular modalities: its advantages and limitations. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:1461-1479. [PMID: 33224768 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging of plaque instability has been considered to have a great potential to predict future coronary events and evaluate the stabilization effect of novel anti-atherosclerotic medical therapies. Currently, there are several intravascular imaging modalities which enable to visualize plaque components associated with its vulnerability. These include virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS), integrated backscatter IVUS (IB-IVUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), near-infrared spectroscopy and coronary angioscopy. Recent studies have shown that these tools are applicable for risk stratification of cardiovascular events as well as drug efficacy assessment. However, several limitation exists in each modality. The current review paper will outline advantages and limitation of VH-IVUS, IB-IVUS, OCT, NIRS and coronary angioscopy imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kitahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugane
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Otsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Asaumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruo Noguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Cho YK, Nam CW, Koo BK, Schulman-Marcus J, Hartaigh BÓ, Gransar H, Lu Y, Achenbach S, Al-Mallah M, Andreini D, Bax JJ, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Callister TQ, Chang HJ, Chinnaiyan K, Chow BJW, Cury RC, Delago A, Feuchtner G, Hadamitzky M, Hausleiter J, Kaufmann PA, Kim YJ, Leipsic J, Maffei E, Marques H, Pontone G, Raff GL, Rubinshtein R, Shaw LJ, Villines TC, Berman DS, Jones EC, Peña JM, Lin FY, Min JK. Usefulness of baseline statin therapy in non-obstructive coronary artery disease by coronary computed tomographic angiography: From the CONFIRM (COronary CT Angiography EvaluatioN For Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational Multicenter) study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207194. [PMID: 30540755 PMCID: PMC6291090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent to which the presence and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis by coronary computed tomography angiography influences a potential mortality benefit of statin is unknown. We evaluated the relationship between statin therapy, mortality, and subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS In the CONFIRM study, patients with normal or non-obstructive plaque (<50% diameter stenosis) for whom data on baseline statin use was available were included. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was quantified using the Agatston score. The extent of non-obstructive coronary atherosclerosis was quantified using the segment involvement score (SIS). 8,016 patients were followed for a median of 2.5 years with analysis of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, target vessel revascularization, and coronary artery disease-related hospitalization. RESULTS 1.2% of patients experienced all-cause mortality. Patients not on baseline statin therapy had a stepwise increased risk of all-cause mortality by CAC (relative to CAC = 0; CAC 1-99: hazard ratio [HR] 1.65, CAC 100-299: HR 2.19, and CAC≥300: HR 2.98) or SIS (relative to SIS = 0; SIS 1: HR 1.62, SIS 2-3: 2.48 and SIS≥4: 2.95). Conversely, in patients on baseline statin therapy, there was no significant increase in mortality risk with increasing CAC (p value for interaction = 0.049) or SIS (p value for interaction = 0.007). The incidence of MACE was 2.1%. Similar to the all-cause mortality, the risk of MACE was increased with CAC or SIS strata in patient not on baseline statin therapy. However, this relation was not observed in patient on baseline statin therapy. CONCLUSION In individuals with non-obstructive coronary artery disease, increased risk of adverse events occurs with increasing CAC or SIS who are not on baseline statin therapy. Statin therapy is associated with a mitigation of risk of cardiac events in the presence of increasing atherosclerosis, with no particular threshold of disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kyeong Cho
- Department of Cardiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang-Wook Nam
- Department of Cardiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joshua Schulman-Marcus
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bríain Ó. Hartaigh
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Heidi Gransar
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephan Achenbach
- Department of Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremburg, Germany
| | - Mouaz Al-Mallah
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz Cardiac Center, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jeroen J. Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | | | - Tracy Q. Callister
- Tennessee Heart and Vascular Institute, Hendersonville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kavitha Chinnaiyan
- Division of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Ricardo C. Cury
- Department of Radiology, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Augustin Delago
- Capitol Cardiology Associates, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Gudrun Feuchtner
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Hausleiter
- Medizinische Klinik I der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp A. Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonathon Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Gilbert L. Raff
- Division of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ronen Rubinshtein
- Department of Cardiology at the Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Leslee J. Shaw
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Todd C. Villines
- Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel S. Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Erica C. Jones
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jessica M. Peña
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fay Y. Lin
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - James K. Min
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
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5
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Goyal A, Dey AK, Chaturvedi A, Elnabawi YA, Aberra TM, Chung JH, Belur AD, Groenendyk JW, Lerman JB, Rivers JP, Rodante JA, Harrington CL, Varghese NJ, Sanda GE, Baumer Y, Sorokin AV, Teague HL, Genovese LD, Natarajan B, Joshi AA, Playford MP, Bluemke DA, Chen MY, Alavi A, Pitman RK, Powell-Wiley TM, Tawakol A, Gelfand JM, Mehta NN. Chronic Stress-Related Neural Activity Associates With Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Psoriasis: A Prospective Cohort Study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 13:465-477. [PMID: 30448131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study hypothesized that there is an association between chronic stress (as indexed by resting amygdalar activity [AmygA]), hematopoietic system activity (HMPA), and subclinical cardiovascular indexes (aortic vascular inflammation [VI] and noncalcified coronary plaque burden [NCB]) in psoriasis (PSO). The study also hypothesized that treatment of PSO would improve these parameters. BACKGROUND PSO is a stress-related chronic inflammatory condition that is associated with increased prevalence of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). In individuals without PSO, stress has been linked to CVD through a serial biological pathway that involves the amygdala, hematopoietic tissues, and atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS A total of 164 consecutive patients with PSO and 47 healthy volunteers underwent 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans for assessment of AmygA, HMPA, and VI, as well as coronary computed tomography angiography scans for quantifying NCB. Furthermore, a consecutive subset of 30 patients with severe PSO (Psoriasis Area Severity Index Score >10) were followed at 1 year to assess the relationship between skin disease improvement and AmygA, HMPA, VI, and NCB. RESULTS The PSO cohort was middle-aged (mean age: 50 years), had low cardiovascular risk (Framingham risk score: median: 3) and had mild to moderate PSO activity (median Psoriasis Area Severity Index Score: 5.6). AmygA was higher in patients with PSO compared to volunteer participants. AmygA was associated with HMPA (bone marrow activity: β = 0.20, p = 0.01) and subclinical CVD (VI: β = 0.31, p < 0.001; NCB: β = 0.27, p < 0.001) The AmygA-CVD association was in part mediated by HMPA (VI: 20.9%, NCB: 36.7%). Following 1 year of PSO treatment in those with severe disease, improvement in skin disease was accompanied by a reduction in AmygA, bone marrow activity, and VI, with no progression of NCB. CONCLUSIONS In PSO, a chronic inflammatory disease state, AmygA, which is a manifestation of chronic stress, substantially contributes to the risk of subclinical CVD. Additional studies that use psychometric measures of stress are required to explore therapeutic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Goyal
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amit K Dey
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abhishek Chaturvedi
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Youssef A Elnabawi
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tsion M Aberra
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonathan H Chung
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Agastya D Belur
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jacob W Groenendyk
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph B Lerman
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua P Rivers
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Justin A Rodante
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Charlotte L Harrington
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nevin J Varghese
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gregory E Sanda
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexander V Sorokin
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heather L Teague
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leonard D Genovese
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Balaji Natarajan
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aditya A Joshi
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martin P Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David A Bluemke
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Marcus Y Chen
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roger K Pitman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel M Gelfand
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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6
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Ishikawa Y, Itoh T, Satoh M, Fusazaki T, Sugawara S, Nakajima S, Nakamura M, Morino Y. Impact of Water- and Lipid-Soluble Statins on Nonculprit Lesions in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Int Heart J 2018; 59:27-34. [PMID: 29279527 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.16-587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Statins can be differentiated into two types, based on their solubility, which have potentially differing effects on the coronary artery wall. However, suspected differences in statins' effects on plaque composition have not been systemically investigated.Sixty-seven patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were randomly assigned to either atorvastatin (10 mg/day) or rosuvastatin (2.5 mg/day). Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and integrated backscatter (IB)-IVUS, an established tool to quantify each plaque's components, were performed immediately after emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Follow-up IVUS was performed between 6 and 12 months after PCI. Serial changes in serum lipid profiles and plaque composition volumes were compared between the two groups.Thirty-five patients were eligible for serial IB-IVUS analyses. The mean low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level significantly decreased in the atorvastatin and rosuvastatin groups (P < 0.001); plaque volumes were also significantly reduced from 82.0 ± 46.2 to 74.9 ± 41.3 mm3 (P = 0.01) and from 74.7 ± 35.3 to 67.7 ± 27.0 mm3 (P = 0.02), respectively. IB-IVUS revealed a significant reduction in fibrous volume from 33.8 ± 20.0 to 27.5 ± 14.9 mm3 (P < 0.01) and from 29.6 ± 13.6 to 24.8 ± 7.6 mm3 (P < 0.05), respectively; however, significant changes were not noted in the volume of the lipid pool for the atorvastatin group and the rosuvastatin group, respectively.Water- and lipid-soluble statins may be similarly effective in reducing coronary plaques in patients with ACS as judged qualitatively and quantitatively. Further study is needed to determine whether differences between water- and lipid-soluble statins affect plaque components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ishikawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Tomonori Itoh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Mamoru Satoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Iwate Medical University
| | - Tetsuya Fusazaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shoma Sugawara
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Satoshi Nakajima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Motoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Iwate Medical University
| | - Yoshihiro Morino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
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7
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Tandjung K, Lam MK, Sen H, de Man FHAF, Louwerenburg JHW, Stoel MG, van Houwelingen KG, Linssen GCM, van der Palen J, Doggen CJM, von Birgelen C. Value of the SYNTAX score for periprocedural myocardial infarction according to WHO and the third universal definition of myocardial infarction: insights from the TWENTE trial. EUROINTERVENTION 2017; 12:431-40. [PMID: 26342469 DOI: 10.4244/eijy15m08_01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The SYNTAX score is a tool to quantify the complexity of coronary artery disease. We investigated the relation between the SYNTAX score and the occurrence of a periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) according to the historical definition of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the recently updated universal definition of MI. METHODS AND RESULTS The SYNTAX score was calculated in 1,243 patients enrolled in TWENTE, a randomised trial which assessed second-generation drug-eluting stents. PMI was defined by the WHO definition and the third universal definition of MI. Patients were divided into tertiles of the SYNTAX score: ≤7 (n=430); >7 and <15 (n=390); ≥15 (n=423). PMI according to the WHO definition occurred more frequently in patients in the highest SYNTAX score tertile (7.3% vs. 3.1% vs. 1.6%, p<0.001) compared to the mid and lowest tertile. Similar findings were seen for universal PMI (9.9% vs. 7.7% vs. 3.7%, p<0.01). After multivariate analysis, SYNTAX score was a significant independent correlate of PMI for both definitions: the highest SYNTAX score tertile had an almost five times higher risk for WHO PMI, and a three times higher risk for universal PMI. CONCLUSIONS In a broad patient population treated with second-generation DES, the SYNTAX score was able to stratify the risk of PMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Tandjung
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcentrum Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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8
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The effect of statin therapy on plaque regression following acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective trials. Coron Artery Dis 2017; 27:636-649. [PMID: 27388482 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of statins on plaque regression after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS We carried out a meta-analysis to assess the change in plaque and plaque components in patients with ACS under statin therapy. This meta-analysis combined data of 1623 participants from eight randomized-controlled trials and seven observational studies. RESULTS The benefits of high-intensity statin therapy on plaque regression occurred after 6 months [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.43 to -0.12; P=0.0006] and were sustained over 12 months (SMD: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.25 to -0.03; P=0.01). No significant decrease was observed in the plaque volume and percent plaque volume under low-dose statin treatment. After 6 months of intensive statin treatment, the plaque volume reduced significantly in patients whose follow-up LDL cholesterol levels did (SMD: -0.16; 95% CI: -0.29 to -0.03; P=0.02) or did not (SMD: -0.21; 95% CI: -0.32 to -0.09; P=0.0007) decrease to 70 mg/dl or less. There was no significant change in plaque composition volumes, but an increase was found in the percent dense calcium volume of 1.31% (95% CI: 0.55-2.07%; P=0.0007). CONCLUSION Intensive statin therapy duration over 6 months may be as important as achieved LDL-C of less than or equal to 70 mg/dl in plaque regression following ACS. Intensive statin treatment may lead to an earlier regression compared with low-dose statin therapy.
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Matsushita K, Hibi K, Komura N, Akiyama E, Maejima N, Iwahashi N, Tsukahara K, Kosuge M, Ebina T, Sumita S, Umemura S, Kimura K. Effects of 4 Statins on Regression of Coronary Plaque in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Circ J 2016; 80:1634-43. [PMID: 27264413 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no information on differences in the effects of moderate- and low-intensity statins on coronary plaque in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 4 different statins in patients with ACS, using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 118 patients with ACS who underwent IVUS before percutaneous coronary intervention and who were found to have mild to moderate non-culprit coronary plaques were randomly assigned to receive either 20 mg/day atorvastatin or 4 mg/day pitavastatin (moderate-intensity statin therapy), or 10 mg/day pravastatin or 30 mg/day fluvastatin (low-intensity statin therapy). IVUS at baseline and at end of 10-month treatment was available in 102 patients. Mean percentage change in plaque volume (PV) was -11.1±12.8%, -8.1±16.9%, 0.4±16.0%, and 3.1±20.0% in the atorvastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, and fluvastatin groups, respectively (P=0.007, ANOVA). Moderate-intensity statin therapy induced regression of PV, whereas low-intensity statin therapy produced insignificant progression (-9.6% vs. 1.8%, P<0.001). On multivariate linear regression analysis, moderate-intensity statin therapy (P=0.02) and uric acid at baseline (P=0.02) were significant determinants of large percent PV reduction. LDL-C at follow-up did not correlate with percent PV change. CONCLUSIONS Moderate-intensity statin therapy induced regression of coronary PV, whereas low-intensity statin therapy resulted in slight progression of coronary PV in patients with ACS. (Circ J 2016; 80: 1634-1643).
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Haruta H, Hiro T, Mitsumata M, Takayama T, Sudo M, Li Y, Takahashi R, Taniguchi Y, Shiomi M, Hirayama A. Stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque by pitavastatin in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits: A serial tissue-characterizing intravascular ultrasound study. J Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Niki T, Wakatsuki T, Yamaguchi K, Taketani Y, Oeduka H, Kusunose K, Ise T, Iwase T, Yamada H, Soeki T, Sata M. Effects of the Addition of Eicosapentaenoic Acid to Strong Statin Therapy on Inflammatory Cytokines and Coronary Plaque Components Assessed by Integrated Backscatter Intravascular Ultrasound. Circ J 2016; 80:450-60. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Niki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | | | - Koji Yamaguchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Yoshio Taketani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | | | - Kenya Kusunose
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Takayuki Ise
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Takashi Iwase
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Hirotsugu Yamada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Masataka Sata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
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12
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Saito Y, Nakayama T, Sugimoto K, Fujimoto Y, Kobayashi Y. Relation of Lipid Content of Coronary Plaque to Level of Serum Uric Acid. Am J Cardiol 2015; 116:1346-50. [PMID: 26381534 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) level is known to be a prognostic factor in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the pathogenesis of the relation between SUA level and coronary plaque characteristics has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between SUA level and plaque composition of nonculprit lesions in patients with ACS. A total of 81 patients with ACS who underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention were included. They were classified into 3 groups according to tertiles of SUA level. Using integrated backscatter (IB)-IVUS system, tissue components were classified into 4 categories: calcium deposits, dense fibrosis, fibrosis, and lipid. Tertiles of SUA level were as follows: low tertile <5.0 mg/dl; intermediate tertile 5.0 to 6.4 mg/dl; and high tertile >6.4 mg/dl. There was a trend toward greater vessel volume in the high tertile group than in the low and intermediate tertile groups (19.4 ± 3.7 vs 17.4 ± 4.4 vs 16.7 ± 4.1 mm(3)/mm, p = 0.05). There was no significant difference in lumen volume between the 3 groups. Plaque volume was significantly greater in the high than in the low tertile group (8.6 ± 2.4 vs 6.7 ± 2.2 mm(3)/mm, p = 0.01). IB-IVUS analysis demonstrated greater lipid (59.1 ± 9.1% vs 49.7 ± 10.9% vs 51.1 ± 9.3%, p = 0.001) and less fibrous components (36.8 ± 7.8% vs 44.3 ± 7.8% vs 43.2 ± 6.7%, p <0.001) in the high than in the low and intermediate tertile groups. Multivariate analysis showed high SUA as an independent predictor of increasing lipid volume. In conclusion, elevated SUA level is associated with greater lipid content of coronary plaque in patients with ACS than in patients with normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Sugimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Fujimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Yamazaki H, Yamaguchi K, Soeki T, Wakatsuki T, Niki T, Taketani Y, Kitaoka A, Kusunose K, Ise T, Tobiume T, Yagi S, Iwase T, Yamada H, Sata M. Impact of Indoxyl Sulfate, a Uremic Toxin, on Non-Culprit Coronary Plaque Composition Assessed on Integrated Backscatter Intravascular Ultrasound. Circ J 2015; 79:1773-9. [PMID: 25971408 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uremic toxin has emerged as an important determinant of cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between serum uremic toxin and coronary plaque composition on integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS). METHODS AND RESULTS IB-IVUS was performed in 47 patients with planned treatment for angina pectoris. Non-culprit intermediate plaque analyzed in this study had to be >5 mm apart from the intervention site. 3-D IB-IVUS analysis was performed to determine percent lipid volume (LV) and fibrous volume (FV). We also measured serum uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate [IS], asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA], and p-cresol [PC]). Glomerular filtration rate correlated with IS (r=-0.329, P=0.04), but did not correlate with ADMA or PC. Percent LV correlated with IS (r=0.365, P=0.02), but did not correlate with ADMA or PC. Percent FV also correlated with IS (r=-0.356, P=0.03), but did not correlate with ADMA or PC. On multivariate regression, only IS was associated with percent LV (r=0.359, P=0.04) and percent FV (r=-0.305, P=0.04) independently of potentially confounding coronary risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Among the uremic toxins, serum IS might be a novel useful biomarker to detect and monitor lipid-rich coronary plaque on IB imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Yamazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
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14
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Kawasaki M. An Integrated Backscatter Ultrasound Technique for Coronary Plaque Imaging. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-015-9333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Kawasaki M. An integrated backscatter ultrasound technique for the detection of coronary and carotid atherosclerotic lesions. SENSORS 2015; 15:979-94. [PMID: 25574937 PMCID: PMC4327059 DOI: 10.3390/s150100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The instability of carotid and coronary plaques has been reported to be associated with acute coronary syndrome, strokes and other cerebrovascular events. Therefore, recognition of the tissue characteristics of carotid and coronary plaques is important to understand and prevent coronary and cerebral artery disease. Recently, an ultrasound integrated backscatter (IB) technique has been developed. The ultrasound IB power ratio is a function of the difference in acoustic characteristic impedance between the medium and target tissue, and the acoustic characteristic impedance is determined by the density of tissue multiplied by the speed of sound. This concept allows for tissue characterization of carotid and coronary plaques for risk stratification of patients with coronary and cerebral artery disease. Two- and three-dimensional IB color-coded maps for the evaluation of tissue components consist of four major components: fibrous, dense fibrosis, lipid pool and calcification. Although several ultrasound techniques using special mathematical algorithms have been reported, a growing body of literature has shown the reliability and usefulness of the IB technique for the tissue characterization of carotid and coronary plaques. This review summarizes concepts, experimental procedures, image reliability and the application of the IB technique. Furthermore, the IB technique is compared with other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Kawasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
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16
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Rationale and design of the EPISTEME trial: efficacy of post-stroke intensive rosuvastatin treatment for aortogenic embolic stroke. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 28:79-85. [PMID: 24072337 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large atheromatous aortic plaques (AAPs) are associated with stroke recurrence. Rosuvastatin is a potent lipid-lowering agent and suppresses carotid and coronary artery atherosclerosis. It is unclear whether rosuvastatin has anti-atherogenic effects against AAPs in stroke patients. We designed a clinical trial in stroke patients to analyze changes in AAPs after rosuvastatin treatment using repeated transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). METHODS This trial is a prospective randomized open label study. Inclusion criteria were patients were ischemic stroke with hypercholesterolemia and AAPs ≥ 4 mm in thickness. The patients are randomly assigned to either a group treated with 5 mg/day rosuvastatin or a control group. Primary endpoint is the changes in volume and composition of AAPs after 6 months using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Biochemical findings are analyzed. By using repeated TEE and binary image analysis, we will be able to compare the dynamic changes in plaque composition of AAPs before and after therapy in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The EPISTEME trial will provide information on the changes in plaque volume and composition achieved by improvement of lipid profiles with rosuvastatin therapy in stroke patients with aortic atherosclerosis. The results of the study may provide evidence for a therapeutic strategy for aortogenic brain embolism. This study is registered with UMIN-CTR (UMIN000010548).
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Rosa GM, Carbone F, Parodi A, Massimelli EA, Brunelli C, Mach F, Vuilleumier N, Montecucco F. Update on the efficacy of statin treatment in acute coronary syndromes. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:501-15. [PMID: 24601937 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural history of atherosclerosis might involve coronary plaque rupture/erosion, thrombus formation and vessel lumen occlusion, clinically recognized as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). International guidelines strongly recommend early statin administration in patients admitted for ACS. In addition to lowering circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), statin treatment was shown to promote plaque stabilization or regression in several ways, including reduction in necrotic lipid core, anti-inflammatory effects and improvement in endothelial function. The aim of this review is to summarize clinical evidence on the role of statins in secondary prevention of ACS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This narrative review is based on the material found on medline and pubmed up to August 2013. We looked for the terms 'statin, acute coronary syndromes' in combination with 'atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, pathophysiology'. RESULTS This review article emphasizes the relevance of the timing of statin administration to improve the outcomes after ACS. Early and continuous statin administration has emerged as key features to prevent adverse events, especially in patients admitted for ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Clinical trials matching the improved clinical outcome with the imaging of atherosclerotic plaque stabilization/regression, further supporting the effectiveness of statin therapy. However, the achievement of these goals requires high dose of statins, thus increasing the risk of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Although clinical trials and meta-analyses have provided conflicting results, it is likely that in clinical practice, the rate of adverse events is higher, so that many concerns still remain about a statin high-dose approach in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Rosa
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
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18
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Hiro T, Hirayama A, Ueda Y, Komatsu S, Matsuoka H, Takayama T, Ishihara M, Hayashi T, Saito S, Kodama K. Rationale and design of a randomized clinical study to investigate the effect of ezetimibe, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, on the regression of intracoronary plaque evaluated by non-obstructive angioscopy and ultrasound: The ZIPANGU study. J Cardiol 2014; 64:501-7. [PMID: 24725763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is well recognized that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering therapy is effective for primary and secondary prevention of cerebrovascular/cardiovascular disease. Ezetimibe, an inhibitor of the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 cholesterol transporter, is a relatively new drug for LDL-C-lowering therapy in addition to statins. However, comparison between an aggressive LDL-C-lowering therapy with a combination of statin and ezetimibe versus a standard LDL-C-lowering therapy with statin alone is still unclear in terms of their effects on stabilization and volume regression of coronary plaque. The ZIPANGU (Ezetimibe clinical investigation for the regression of intracoronary plaque evaluated by angioscopy and ultrasound) study is aimed at comparing these two types of therapy based on indices of plaque characteristics using non-obstructive coronary angioscopy and intravascular ultrasound. METHODS The study is a multi-center, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial. Through a centralized enrollment method, patients will be allocated to either monotherapy with atorvastatin alone or to combination therapy with atorvastatin (maximum: 20mg/day) and ezetimibe (10mg/day). The target LDL-C level will be <100mg/dL for the monotherapy group and <70mg/dL for the combination therapy group. At the baseline and the follow-up period of 9 months, non-obstructive coronary angioscopy and intravascular ultrasound will be performed to compare the changes in plaque color and volume between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The ZIPANGU study will clarify whether combination therapy with statins and ezetimibe is better for stabilizing coronary plaque as secondary prevention than monotherapy by statins alone. The study will give new insights into lipid-lowering guidelines in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Hiro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Hirayama
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ueda
- Cardiovascular Division, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sei Komatsu
- Cardiovascular Center, Amagasaki Central Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ehime Prefectural Imabari Hospital, Imabari, Japan
| | - Tadateru Takayama
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Ishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Saito
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keiai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kodama
- Cardiovascular Center, Amagasaki Central Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan; Second Research Team, J-MIC Committee, Japan Health Promotion Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
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Lee MJ, Bang OY, Kim SJ, Kim GM, Chung CS, Lee KH, Ovbiagele B, Liebeskind DS, Saver JL. Role of statin in atrial fibrillation-related stroke: an angiographic study for collateral flow. Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 37:77-84. [PMID: 24457535 DOI: 10.1159/000356114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, intensive lipid lowering is recommended in patients with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. However, the role of statin in cardioembolic stroke is unclear. We investigated the association of statin with pretreatment collateral status in cardioembolic stroke. METHODS A collaborative study from two stroke centers in distinct geographic regions included consecutive patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction due to atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent cerebral angiography. The relationship between pretreatment collateral grade and the use/dose of statin at stroke onset was assessed. The angiographic collateral grade was evaluated according to the ASITN/SIR Collateral Flow Grading System. RESULTS Ninety-eight patients (76 statin-naïve, 22 statin users) were included. Compared with statin-naïve patients, statin users were older and more frequently had hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. Excellent collaterals (grade 3-4) were more frequently observed in statin users (11 patients, 50%) than in statin-naïve patients (21 patients, 27.6%; p = 0.049). The use of atorvastatin 10 mg equivalent or higher doses of statin was associated with excellent collaterals (p for trend = 0.025). In multiple regression analysis, prestroke statin use was independently associated with excellent collaterals (odds ratio, 7.841; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.96-31.363; p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Premorbid use of statin in AF patients is associated with excellent collateral flow. Although most statin trials excluded patients with cardioembolic stroke, our data suggests the possibility that statin may be beneficial in AF-related stroke
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ji Lee
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Erglis A, Jegere S, Narbute I. Intravascular Ultrasound-based Imaging Modalities for Tissue Characterisation. Interv Cardiol 2014; 9:151-155. [PMID: 29588794 DOI: 10.15420/icr.2014.9.3.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the developed world. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a widely used imaging modality providing complementary diagnostic information to angiography regarding the vessel wall of the coronary arteries. IVUS has been used for assessment of ambiguous angiographic lesions, evaluation of new interventional devices and in atherosclerosis progression-regression trials. However, the standard gray-scale IVUS has limited value for the accurate identification of specific plaque components. This limitation has been partially over- come by introduction of new IVUS-based imaging methods such as: virtual histology IVUS, iMAP-IVUS and Integrated Backscatter IVUS. These methods utilise the ultrasound backscatter signal to enable a more detailed characterization of plaque morphology or tissue characterization and to provide insight on the features of vulnerable plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrejs Erglis
- Insitute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.,Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sanda Jegere
- Insitute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.,Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Inga Narbute
- Insitute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.,Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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21
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Choi HI, Han KH. The ideal management of blood cholesterol: a review of the updated 2013 ACC/AHA cholesterol guideline for reducing cardiovascular risk. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2014. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2014.57.10.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-In Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Han
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Yamaguchi K, Wakatsuki T, Soeki T, Niki T, Taketani Y, Oeduka H, Kusunose K, Ise T, Iwase T, Yamada H, Sata M. Effects of telmisartan on inflammatory cytokines and coronary plaque component as assessed on integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound in hypertensive patients. Circ J 2013; 78:240-7. [PMID: 24189463 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telmisartan has unique pleiotropic effects in addition to renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-inhibition effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of telmisartan on the coronary plaque component and local inflammatory cytokines. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 50 patients with hypertension were randomized to 2 groups: the telmisartan group (additional treatment with telmisartan 80mg/day, n=25) or the control group (additional treatment with other anti-hypertensive drugs except RAS blockers, n=25) for 6 months. Tissue characteristics of target coronary plaque were analyzed using integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS) before and after treatment. Plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines sampled in the coronary sinus (CS) and peripheral vein were also measured. Significant increases in fibrous volume (51.2±10.4 to 58.3±7.7%, P=0.03) and reductions in lipid volume (38.4±12.4 to 32.8±9.7%, P=0.03) were observed on IB in the telmisartan group, while there were no significant changes in the plaque component in the control group. CS levels of inflammatory cytokines (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]3, tumor necrosis factor-α, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and MMP9) were lower after than before treatment in the only telmisartan group (7.7±6.1 to 5.5±4.9ng/ml, 3.1±1.9 to 2.3±2.0pg/ml, 5.6±6.0 to 2.2±2.4mg/L, 36.1±39.3 to 19.9±27.5ng/ml, P=0.02, P=0.03, P=0.04, P=0.07, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Decreased local inflammatory response and plaque stabilization on IB imaging were observed after 6 months of telmisartan treatment. These findings might be associated with local anti-inflammatory and anti-arteriosclerotic effects of telmisartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
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23
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Aggarwal RK, Showkathali R. Rosuvastatin calcium in acute coronary syndromes. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:1215-27. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.789860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kwan AC, Cater G, Vargas J, Bluemke DA. Beyond Coronary Stenosis: Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography for the Assessment of Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2013; 6:89-101. [PMID: 23524381 PMCID: PMC3601491 DOI: 10.1007/s12410-012-9183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) is emerging as a key non-invasive method for assessing cardiovascular risk by measurement of coronary stenosis and coronary artery calcium (CAC). New advancements in CCTA technology have led to the ability to directly identify and quantify the so-called "vulnerable" plaques that have features of positive remodeling and low density components. In addition, CCTA presents a new opportunity for noninvasive measurement of total coronary plaque burden that has not previously been available. The use of CCTA needs also to be balanced by its risks and, in particular, the associated radiation exposure. We review current uses of CCTA, CCTA's ability to measure plaque quantity and characteristics, and new developments in risk stratification and CCTA technology. CCTA represents a quickly developing field that will play a growing role in the non-invasive management of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Kwan
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences - National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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D'Ascenzo F, Agostoni P, Abbate A, Castagno D, Lipinski MJ, Vetrovec GW, Frati G, Presutti DG, Quadri G, Moretti C, Gaita F, Zoccai GB. Atherosclerotic coronary plaque regression and the risk of adverse cardiovascular events: A meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Atherosclerosis 2013. [PMID: 23206978 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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26
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LDL Lowering After Acute Coronary Syndrome: Is Lower Better? CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2012; 15:33-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-012-0221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fukushima M, Miura SI, Mitsutake R, Fukushima T, Fukushima K, Saku K. Cholesterol Metabolism in Patients With Hemodialysis in the Presence or Absence of Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 2012; 76:1980-6. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Fukushima
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
- Fukushima Hospital
| | - Shin-ichiro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | - Ryoko Mitsutake
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Keijiro Saku
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Disease, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
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Kojima S, Ogawa H. Clinical significance of microalbuminuria in high-risk patients with coronary artery disease. Circ J 2011; 75:2765-6. [PMID: 22040939 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Hongo M, Kumazaki S, Izawa A, Hidaka H, Tomita T, Yazaki Y, Kinoshita O, Ikeda U. Low-dose rosuvastatin improves arterial stiffness in high-risk Japanese patients with dyslipdemia in a primary prevention group. Circ J 2011; 75:2660-7. [PMID: 21857142 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment effects of rosuvastatin on arterial stiffness were assessed and compared to those of fluvastatin in high-risk Japanese patients with dyslipidemia in a primary prevention group. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were randomly assigned to either 2.5-5 mg/day of rosuvastatin (Group A) or 20-40 mg/day of fluvastatin (Group B) and followed up for 12 months. In Group A (n=38), there was a progressive reduction in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) along with a decrease in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (L/H) ratio and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and the change in baPWV correlated significantly with that of the L/H ratio and that of hsCRP after rosuvastatin treatment. In Group B (n=37), although fluvastatin achieved a significant improvement in baPWV, L/H ratio, and hsCRP, baPWV was significantly greater than that in Group A and showed a significant correlation with that of hsCRP alone after fluvastatin treatment. In a subgroup of patients (n=26), switching from fluvastatin to rosuvastatin further improved baPWV and the L/H ratio without altering hsCRP after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose rosuvastatin would be more effective than fluvastatin in improving arterial stiffness in high-risk Japanese patients with dyslipidemia. The results suggest that improvement in arterial stiffness by rosuvastatin mainly depends on its strong lipid-lowering effects, whereas that by fluvastatin is strongly dependent on the pleiotropic effects, especially an anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Hongo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, Japan.
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Kato K, Yasutake M, Yonetsu T, Joong Kim S, Xing L, M Kratlian C, Takano M, Mizuno K, Jang IK. Intracoronary Imaging Modalities for Vulnerable Plaques. J NIPPON MED SCH 2011; 78:340-51. [DOI: 10.1272/jnms.78.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kato
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Masahiro Yasutake
- Department of Internal Medicine, (Division of Cardiology, Hepatology, Geriatrics and Integrated Medicine), Nippon Medical School
| | - Taishi Yonetsu
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Soo Joong Kim
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Lei Xing
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Masamichi Takano
- Cardiovascular Center, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Kyoichi Mizuno
- Department of Internal Medicine, (Division of Cardiology, Hepatology, Geriatrics and Integrated Medicine), Nippon Medical School
| | - Ik-Kyung Jang
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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