Saito Y, Tsujita K, Kobayashi Y. No standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in acute myocardial infarction: prevalence, pathophysiology, and prognosis.
Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2024;
39:403-411. [PMID:
38880836 PMCID:
PMC11436448 DOI:
10.1007/s12928-024-01022-4]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs), such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and current smoking, are associated with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases including acute myocardial infarction (MI). Thus, therapeutic approaches against SMuRFs are important as primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In patients with acute MI, however, the prognosis is counterintuitively poor when SMuRFs are lacking. The growing evidence has explored the prevalence, pathophysiology, and prognosis of SMuRF-less patients in acute MI and suggested the potential underlying mechanisms. This review article summarizes the clinical evidence and relevance of the lack of SMuRFs in acute MI.
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