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Kotozaki Y, Satoh M, Nasu T, Tanno K, Tanaka F, Sasaki M. Human Plasma Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity in Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence from a Population-Based Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030754. [PMID: 36979733 PMCID: PMC10045414 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and its products contribute to the development of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Excessive XOR activity is believed to promote inflammatory responses and atherosclerotic plaque formation, which are major cardiovascular risk factors. The mechanisms of XOR activity in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), coupled with the complexity of the relationship between XOR activity and the biological effects of uric acid; reactive oxygen species; and nitric oxide, which are the major products of XOR activity, have long been debated, but have not yet been clearly elucidated. Recently, a system for measuring highly sensitive XOR activity in human plasma was established, and there has been progress in the research on the mechanisms of XOR activity. In addition, there are accumulating findings about the relationship between XOR activity and CVD. In this narrative review, we summarize existing knowledge regarding plasma XOR activity and its relationship with CVD and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kotozaki
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Mamoru Satoh
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Takahito Nasu
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Tanaka
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Division of Ultrahigh field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
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Shibata Y, Shirakabe A, Okazaki H, Matsushita M, Shigihara S, Nishigoori S, Sawatani T, Kiuchi K, Takahashi M, Murase T, Nakamura T, Kobayashi N, Asai K. Evaluation of Plasma Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR) Activity in Patients with Cardiopulmonary Arrest. Int Heart J 2023; 64:237-245. [PMID: 37005317 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.22-584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Plasma xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity in patients with cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) has not yet been studied.A total of 1,158 patients who required intensive care and 231 control patients who attended a cardiovascular outpatient clinic were prospectively analyzed. Blood samples were collected within 15 minutes of admission from patients in intensive care patients, which were divided into a CPA group (n = 1,053) and a no-CPA group (n = 105). Plasma XOR activity was compared between the 3 groups and factors independently associated with extremely elevated XOR activity were identified using a multivariate logistic regression model. Plasma XOR activity in the CPA group (median, 1,030.0 pmol/hour/mL; range, 233.0-4,240.0 pmol/hour/mL) was significantly higher than in the no-CPA group (median, 60.2 pmol/hour/mL; range, 22.5-205.0 pmol/hour/mL) and control group (median, 45.2 pmol/hour/mL; range, 19.3-98.8 pmol/hour/mL). The regression model showed that out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) (yes, odds ratio [OR]: 2.548; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.098-5.914; P = 0.029) and lactate levels (per 1.0 mmol/L increase, OR: 1.127; 95% CI: 1.031-1.232; P = 0.009) were independently associated with high plasma XOR activity (≥ 1,000 pmol/hour/mL). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis indicated that the prognosis, including all-cause death within 30 days, was significantly poorer in high-XOR patients (XOR ≥ 6,670 pmol/hour/mL) than in the other patients.Plasma XOR activity was extremely high in patients with CPA, especially in OHCA. This would be associated with a high lactate value and expected to eventually lead to adverse outcome in patients with CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Shibata
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Akihiro Shirakabe
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Hirotake Okazaki
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Masato Matsushita
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Shota Shigihara
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Suguru Nishigoori
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Tomofumi Sawatani
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Kazutaka Kiuchi
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Masahito Takahashi
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Takayo Murase
- Department of Radioisotope and Chemical Analysis Center, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department Pharmacological Study Group, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd
| | - Nobuaki Kobayashi
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Kuniya Asai
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
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Skeletal muscle as a reservoir for nitrate and nitrite: The role of xanthine oxidase reductase (XOR). Nitric Oxide 2022; 129:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Polito L, Bortolotti M, Battelli MG, Bolognesi A. Xanthine oxidoreductase: A leading actor in cardiovascular disease drama. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102195. [PMID: 34844041 PMCID: PMC8636850 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality and their pathogenesis lies mainly in the atherosclerotic process. There are close connections linking oxidative stress and inflammation to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and, consequently, to CVD. This review focuses on the role of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and its products on the development of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, responsible for atheromatous plaque formation. Evidence is reported that an excessive level of XOR products favors inflammatory response and plaque development, thereby promoting major cardiovascular risk factors. Also, the relationship between hyperuricemia and hypertension as well as between XOR activity and CVD is confirmed. In spite of the increasing number of clinical studies investigating the output of cardiovascular patients treated with urate-lowering therapies (including uricosuric drugs, XOR inhibitors and recombinant uricase) the results are still uncertain. The inhibition of XOR activity appears more promising than just the control of uricemia level in preventing cardiovascular events, possibly because it also reduces the intracellular accumulation of urate, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species. However, XOR inhibition also reduces the availability of the multifaced mediator nitric oxide and, at present, can be recommended only in hyperuricemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Giulia Battelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Blood Plasma's Protective Ability against the Degradation of S-Nitrosoglutathione under the Influence of Air-Pollution-Derived Metal Ions in Patients with Exacerbation of Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910500. [PMID: 34638839 PMCID: PMC8508800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the consequences of long-term exposure to air pollutants is increased mortality and deterioration of life parameters, especially among people diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or impaired respiratory system. Aqueous soluble inorganic components of airborne particulate matter containing redox-active transition metal ions affect the stability of S-nitrosothiols and disrupt the balance in the homeostasis of nitric oxide. Blood plasma’s protective ability against the decomposition of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) under the influence of aqueous PM extract among patients with exacerbation of heart failure and coronary artery disease was studied and compared with a group of healthy volunteers. In the environment of CVD patients’ plasma, NO release from GSNO was facilitated compared to the plasma of healthy controls, and the addition of ascorbic acid boosted this process. Model studies with albumin revealed that the amount of free thiol groups is one of the crucial factors in GSNO decomposition. The correlation between the concentration of NO released and -SH level in blood plasma supports this conclusion. Complementary studies on gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity and ICP-MS multielement analysis of CVD patients’ plasma samples in comparison to a healthy control group provide broader insights into the mechanism of cardiovascular risk development induced by air pollution.
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Sato R, Akita K, Ikoma T, Iguchi K, Murase T, Nakamura T, Akari S, Mogi S, Naruse Y, Ohtani H, Maekawa Y. Association between plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity and in-hospital outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257227. [PMID: 34520495 PMCID: PMC8439489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reactive oxygen species generated by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) are associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. However, changes in plasma XOR (pXOR) activity after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unknown. METHODS Herein, we compared the change in the pXOR activity in patients undergoing PCI with that in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) and further evaluated the relation between changes in pXOR activity and in-hospital and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing PCI. The pXOR activity of 80 consecutive patients who underwent PCI and 25 patients who underwent CAG during the hospitalization was analyzed daily. The percentage changes from baseline regulated time interval was evaluated. RESULTS We found that although pXOR activity decreased after PCI, and remained low until discharge, no significant changes were observed in patients undergoing CAG. Furthermore, among the patients undergoing PCI, those who experienced in-hospital adverse events, had a higher percentage of pXOR reduction 3 days after PCI. There was no association between these changes and long-term events. CONCLUSIONS A significant change in pXOR activity was observed in patients undergoing PCI than in patients undergoing CAG, and there seems to be a correlation between the in-hospital outcomes and the percentage reduction from baseline in pXOR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sato
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keitaro Akita
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takenori Ikoma
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iguchi
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | | | - Seigo Akari
- Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mogi
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Naruse
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohtani
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Maekawa
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kotozaki Y, Satoh M, Tanno K, Ohmomo H, Otomo R, Tanaka F, Nasu T, Taguchi S, Kikuchi H, Kobayashi T, Shimizu A, Sakata K, Hitomi J, Sobue K, Sasaki M. Plasma Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity Is Associated with a High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a General Japanese Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1894. [PMID: 33669298 PMCID: PMC7920066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity and a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a general Japanese population. The Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization pooled individual participant data from a general population-based cohort study in Iwate prefecture. The cardiovascular risk was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). A total of 1605 of the 1631 participants (98.4%) had detectable XOR activity. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that XOR activity was independently associated with body mass index (β = 0.26, p < 0.001), diabetes (β = 0.09, p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (β = 0.08, p = 0.001), and uric acid (β = 0.13, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the highest quartile of XOR activity was associated with a high risk for CVD (FRS ≥ 15) after adjustment for baseline characteristics (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.16-7.40). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the FRS with XOR activity was 0.81 (p = 0.008). XOR activity is associated with a high risk for CVD, suggesting that high XOR activity may indicate cardiovascular risk in a general Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kotozaki
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (H.O.); (R.O.); (F.T.); (T.N.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Mamoru Satoh
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (H.O.); (R.O.); (F.T.); (T.N.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (H.O.); (R.O.); (F.T.); (T.N.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohmomo
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (H.O.); (R.O.); (F.T.); (T.N.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Ryo Otomo
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (H.O.); (R.O.); (F.T.); (T.N.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Fumitaka Tanaka
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (H.O.); (R.O.); (F.T.); (T.N.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan
| | - Takahito Nasu
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (H.O.); (R.O.); (F.T.); (T.N.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (S.T.); (H.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Satoru Taguchi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (S.T.); (H.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Hiroto Kikuchi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (S.T.); (H.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Takamasa Kobayashi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (S.T.); (H.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (H.O.); (R.O.); (F.T.); (T.N.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (H.O.); (R.O.); (F.T.); (T.N.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan
| | - Jiro Hitomi
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (H.O.); (R.O.); (F.T.); (T.N.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kenji Sobue
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan;
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.T.); (H.O.); (R.O.); (F.T.); (T.N.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
- Division of Ultrahigh field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan
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