The influence of isoprenaline and propranolol on the submaxillary gland of the rat

Salivary Glands

The anatomical development and primary functions of the major and minor salivary glands and their associated lesions found in rats are discussed in this chapter.

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Pancreas and Salivary Glands of the Rat and Mouse

The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) project is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for nonproliferative and proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for classifying lesions in the digestive system including the salivary glands and the exocrine pancreas of laboratory rats and mice. Most lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature, the diagnostic criteria, and the photomicrographs are also available electronically on the Internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous and age related lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test items. Relevant infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for the digestive system will decrease misunderstandings among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.

Mitosis and hypertrophy of intercalated duct cells and endothelial cells in the isoproterenol-treated rat parotid gland

Chronic treatment of rats with isoproterenol (IPR) induces mitosis and differentiation of intercalated duct cells, and mitosis and hypertrophy of endothelial cells of the microvasculature in the parotid gland. Mitoses occurred in duct cells situated at or near the acinar-intercalated duct junction, and were most numerous after six IPR injections. These cells increased in size, contained numerous electron-lucent granules, and were incorporated into the hypertrophic acini. The granules contained branching filamentous or finely reticulated material, and did not react with histochemical stains for carbohydrate. Capillary and venule endothelial cell mitoses were frequently seen after four to six IPR injections. The endothelial cells increased in thickness, contained abundant cytoplasmic organelles, lacked fenestrations, and had few pinocytotic vesicles. These results demonstrate the extensive nature of the response to chronic IPR treatment, and are consistent with the concept that the intercalated ducts have an important role in salivary gland physiology.