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Brooks AM, Vornoli A, Kovi RC, Ton TVT, Xu M, Mashal A, Tibaldi E, Gnudi F, Li JL, Sills RC, Bucher JR, Mandrioli D, Belpoggi F, Pandiri AR. Genetic profiling of rat gliomas and cardiac schwannomas from life-time radiofrequency radiation exposure study using a targeted next-generation sequencing gene panel. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296699. [PMID: 38232086 PMCID: PMC10793937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The cancer hazard associated with lifetime exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) was examined in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats at the Ramazzini Institute (RI), Italy. There were increased incidences of gliomas and cardiac schwannomas. The translational relevance of these rare rat tumors for human disease is poorly understood. We examined the genetic alterations in RFR-derived rat tumors through molecular characterization of important cancer genes relevant for human gliomagenesis. A targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel was designed for rats based on the top 23 orthologous human glioma-related genes. Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertion and deletions (indels) were characterized in the rat gliomas and cardiac schwannomas. Translational relevance of these genetic alterations in rat tumors to human disease was determined through comparison with the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. These data suggest that rat gliomas resulting from life-time exposure to RFR histologically resemble low grade human gliomas but surprisingly no mutations were detected in rat gliomas that had homology to the human IDH1 p.R132 or IDH2 p.R172 suggesting that rat gliomas are primarily wild-type for IDH hotspot mutations implicated in human gliomas. The rat gliomas appear to share some genetic alterations with IDH1 wildtype human gliomas and rat cardiac schwannomas also harbor mutations in some of the queried cancer genes. These data demonstrate that targeted NGS panels based on tumor specific orthologous human cancer driver genes are an important tool to examine the translational relevance of rodent tumors resulting from chronic/life-time rodent bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Brooks
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrea Vornoli
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ramesh C. Kovi
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thai Vu T. Ton
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Miaofei Xu
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Mashal
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eva Tibaldi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Gnudi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Sills
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John R. Bucher
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Belpoggi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arun R. Pandiri
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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Pandiri AR, Auerbach SS, Stevens JL, Blomme EAG. Toxicogenomics Approaches to Address Toxicity and Carcinogenicity in the Liver. Toxicol Pathol 2023; 51:470-481. [PMID: 38288963 PMCID: PMC11014763 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241227942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Toxicogenomic technologies query the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and the epigenome in a variety of toxicological conditions. Due to practical considerations related to the dynamic range of the assays, sensitivity, cost, and technological limitations, transcriptomic approaches are predominantly used in toxicogenomics. Toxicogenomics is being used to understand the mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenicity, evaluate the translational relevance of toxicological responses from in vivo and in vitro models, and identify predictive biomarkers of disease and exposure. In this session, a brief overview of various transcriptomic technologies and practical considerations related to experimental design was provided. The advantages of gene network analyses to define mechanisms were also discussed. An assessment of the utility of toxicogenomic technologies in the environmental and pharmaceutical space showed that these technologies are being increasingly used to gain mechanistic insights and determining the translational relevance of adverse findings. Within the environmental toxicology area, there is a broader regulatory consideration of benchmark doses derived from toxicogenomics data. In contrast, these approaches are mainly used for internal decision-making in pharmaceutical development. Finally, the development and application of toxicogenomic signatures for prediction of apical endpoints of regulatory concern continues to be area of intense research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun R Pandiri
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott S Auerbach
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Riboli E, Beland FA, Lachenmeier DW, Marques MM, Phillips DH, Schernhammer E, Afghan A, Assunção R, Caderni G, Corton JC, de Aragão Umbuzeiro G, de Jong D, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Hodge A, Ishihara J, Levy DD, Mandrioli D, McCullough ML, McNaughton SA, Morita T, Nugent AP, Ogawa K, Pandiri AR, Sergi CM, Touvier M, Zhang L, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Chittiboyina S, Cuomo D, DeBono NL, Debras C, de Conti A, El Ghissassi F, Fontvieille E, Harewood R, Kaldor J, Mattock H, Pasqual E, Rigutto G, Simba H, Suonio E, Viegas S, Wedekind R, Schubauer-Berigan MK, Madia F. Carcinogenicity of aspartame, methyleugenol, and isoeugenol. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:848-850. [PMID: 37454664 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elio Riboli
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abdul Afghan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Daphne de Jong
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Allison Hodge
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Junko Ishihara
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Dan D Levy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Takeshi Morita
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Anne P Nugent
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Luoping Zhang
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Danila Cuomo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Aline de Conti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Rhea Harewood
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - John Kaldor
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Heidi Mattock
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Elisa Pasqual
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Hannah Simba
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eero Suonio
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Susana Viegas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Federica Madia
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Izawa T, Travlos GS, Cortes RA, Clayton NP, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Absence of Increased Susceptibility to Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in a Diet-Induced NAFLD Mouse Model. Toxicol Pathol 2023; 51:112-125. [PMID: 37158481 PMCID: PMC10523943 DOI: 10.1177/01926233231171101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease and its influence on drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is not fully understood. We investigated whether NAFLD can influence acetaminophen (APAP [N-acetyl-p-aminophenol])-induced hepatotoxicity in a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model of NAFLD. The male C57BL/6NTac DIO mice, fed a high-fat diet for more than 12 weeks, developed obesity, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and hepatomegaly with hepatic steatosis, similar to human NAFLD. In the acute toxicity study after a single dose of APAP (150 mg/kg), compared with control lean mice, the DIO mice had decreased serum transaminase levels and less severe hepatocellular injury. The DIO mice also had altered expression of genes related to APAP metabolism. Chronic APAP exposure for 26 weeks did not predispose the DIO mice with NAFLD to more severe hepatotoxicity compared with the lean mice. These results suggested that the C57BL/6NTac DIO mouse model appears to be more tolerant to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity than lean mice, potentially related to altered xenobiotic metabolizing capacity in the fatty liver. Further mechanistic studies with APAP and other drugs in NAFLD animal models are necessary to investigate the mechanism of altered susceptibility to intrinsic DILI in some human NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Izawa
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gregory S. Travlos
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ricardo A. Cortes
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Natasha P. Clayton
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert C. Sills
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Arun R. Pandiri
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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O’Shaughnessy KL, McMichael BD, Sasser AL, Bell KS, Riutta C, Ford JL, Stoker TE, Grindstaff RD, Pandiri AR, Gilbert ME. Thyroid hormone action controls multiple components of cell junctions at the ventricular zone in the newborn rat brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1090081. [PMID: 36843608 PMCID: PMC9950412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1090081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) action controls brain development in a spatiotemporal manner. Previously, we demonstrated that perinatal hypothyroidism led to formation of a periventricular heterotopia in developing rats. This heterotopia occurs in the posterior telencephalon, and its formation was preceded by loss of radial glia cell polarity. As radial glia mediate cell migration and originate in a progenitor cell niche called the ventricular zone (VZ), we hypothesized that TH action may control cell signaling in this region. Here we addressed this hypothesis by employing laser capture microdissection and RNA-Seq to evaluate the VZ during a known period of TH sensitivity. Pregnant rats were exposed to a low dose of propylthiouracil (PTU, 0.0003%) through the drinking water during pregnancy and lactation. Dam and pup THs were quantified postnatally and RNA-Seq of the VZ performed in neonates. The PTU exposure resulted in a modest increase in maternal thyroid stimulating hormone and reduced thyroxine (T4). Exposed neonates exhibited hypothyroidism and T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) were also reduced in the telencephalon. RNA-Seq identified 358 differentially expressed genes in microdissected VZ cells of hypothyroid neonates as compared to controls (q-values ≤0.05). Pathway analyses showed processes like maintenance of the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and cell migration were significantly affected by hypothyroidism. Immunofluorescence also demonstrated that collagen IV, F-actin, radial glia, and adhesion proteins were reduced in the VZ. Immunohistochemistry of integrin αvβ3 and isoforms of both thyroid receptors (TRα/TRβ) showed highly overlapping expression patterns, including enrichment in the VZ. Taken together, our results show that TH action targets multiple components of cell junctions in the VZ, and this may be mediated by both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. Surprisingly, this work also suggests that the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers may also be affected in hypothyroid newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. O’Shaughnessy
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Katherine L. O’Shaughnessy,
| | - Benjamin D. McMichael
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Aubrey L. Sasser
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Kiersten S. Bell
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Cal Riutta
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Jermaine L. Ford
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Tammy E. Stoker
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Rachel D. Grindstaff
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Arun R. Pandiri
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mary E. Gilbert
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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Ton TVT, Hong HHL, Kovi RC, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Janardhan KS, Flake G, Stout MD, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Chronic Inhalation Exposure to Antimony Trioxide Exacerbates the MAPK Signaling in Alveolar Bronchiolar Carcinomas in B6C3F1/N Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2023; 51:39-55. [PMID: 37009983 DOI: 10.1177/01926233231157322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimony trioxide (AT) is used as a flame retardant in fabrics and plastics. Occupational exposure in miners and smelters is mainly through inhalation and dermal contact. Chronic inhalation exposure to AT particulates in B6C3F1/N mice and Wistar Han rats resulted in increased incidences and tumor multiplicities of alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas (ABCs). In this study, we demonstrated Kras (43%) and Egfr (46%) hotspot mutations in mouse lung tumors (n = 80) and only Egfr (50%) mutations in rat lung tumors (n = 26). Interestingly, there were no differences in the incidences of these mutations in ABCs from rats and mice at exposure concentrations that did and did not exceed the pulmonary overload threshold. There was increased expression of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (Erk1/2) protein in ABCs harboring mutations in Kras and/or Egfr, confirming the activation of MAPK signaling. Transcriptomic analysis indicated significant alterations in MAPK signaling such as ephrin receptor signaling and signaling by Rho-family GTPases in AT-exposed ABCs. In addition, there was significant overlap between transcriptomic data from mouse ABCs due to AT exposure and human pulmonary adenocarcinoma data. Collectively, these data suggest chronic AT exposure exacerbates MAPK signaling in ABCs and, thus, may be translationally relevant to human lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai-Vu T Ton
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hue-Hua L Hong
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramesh C Kovi
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyathanahalli S Janardhan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gordon Flake
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mathew D Stout
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Dunnick JK, Pandiri AR, Shockley KR, Herbert R, Mav D, Phadke D, Shah RR, Merrick BA. Single nucleotide polymorphism patterns associated with a cancer resistant phenotype. Exp Mol Pathol 2022; 128:104812. [PMID: 35872013 PMCID: PMC10463559 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In this study ten mouse strains representing ~90% of genetic diversity in laboratory mice (B6C3F1/J, C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, A/J, NOD.B1oSnH2/J, NZO/HILtJ, 129S1/SvImJ, WSB/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, CAST/EiJ) were examined to identify the mouse strain with the lowest incidence of cancer. The unique single polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with this low cancer incidence are reported. METHODS Evaluations of cancer incidence in the 10 mouse strains were based on gross and microscopic diagnosis of tumors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding regions of the genome were derived from the respective mouse strains located in the Sanger mouse sequencing database and the B6C3F1/N genome from the National Toxicology Program (NTP). RESULTS The WSB strain had an overall lower incidence of both benign and malignant tumors compared to the other mouse strains. At 2 years, the incidence of total malignant tumors (Poly-3 incidence rate) ranged from 2% (WSB) to 92% (C3H) in males, and 14% (WSB) to 93% (NZO) in females, and the total incidence of benign and malignant tumor incidence ranged from 13% (WSB) to 99% (C3H) in males and 25% (WSB) to 96% (NOD) in females. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) patterns were examined in the following strains: B6C3F1/N, C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, 129S1/SvImJ, A/J, NZO/HILtJ, CAST/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ. We identified 7519 SNPs (involving 5751 Ensembl transcripts of 3453 Ensembl Genes) that resulted in a unique amino acid change in the coding region of the WSB strain. CONCLUSIONS The inherited genetic patterns in the WSB cancer-resistant mouse strain occurred in genes involved in multiple cell functions including mitochondria, metabolic, immune, and membrane-related cell functions. The unique SNP patterns in a cancer resistant mouse strain provides insights for understanding and developing strategies for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- June K Dunnick
- Systemic Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ronald Herbert
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Deepak Mav
- Sciome, LLC, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Dhiral Phadke
- Sciome, LLC, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ruchir R Shah
- Sciome, LLC, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - B Alex Merrick
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Christopher Corton J, Mitchell CA, Auerbach S, Bushel JP, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Escobar PA, Froetschl R, Harrill AH, Johnson K, Klaunig JE, Pandiri AR, Podtelezhnikov AA, Rager JE, Tanis KQ, van der Laan JW, Vespa A, Yauk CL, Pettit SD, Sistare FD. A Collaborative Initiative to Establish Genomic Biomarkers for Assessing Tumorigenic Potential to Reduce Reliance on Conventional Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies. Toxicol Sci 2022; 188:4-16. [PMID: 35404422 PMCID: PMC9238304 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition across broad sectors of the scientific community that use of genomic biomarkers has the potential to reduce the need for conventional rodent carcinogenicity studies of industrial chemicals, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals through a weight-of-evidence approach. These biomarkers fall into 2 major categories: (1) sets of gene transcripts that can identify distinct tumorigenic mechanisms of action; and (2) cancer driver gene mutations indicative of rapidly expanding growth-advantaged clonal cell populations. This call-to-action article describes a collaborative approach launched to develop and qualify biomarker gene expression panels that measure widely accepted molecular pathways linked to tumorigenesis and their activation levels to predict tumorigenic doses of chemicals from short-term exposures. Growing evidence suggests that application of such biomarker panels in short-term exposure rodent studies can identify both tumorigenic hazard and tumorigenic activation levels for chemical-induced carcinogenicity. In the future, this approach will be expanded to include methodologies examining mutations in key cancer driver gene mutation hotspots as biomarkers of both genotoxic and nongenotoxic chemical tumor risk. Analytical, technical, and biological validation studies of these complementary genomic tools are being undertaken by multisector and multidisciplinary collaborative teams within the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute. Success from these efforts will facilitate the transition from current heavy reliance on conventional 2-year rodent carcinogenicity studies to more rapid animal- and resource-sparing approaches for mechanism-based carcinogenicity evaluation supporting internal and regulatory decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Corton
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Scott Auerbach
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J Pierre Bushel
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Patricia A Escobar
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Roland Froetschl
- BfArM-Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alison H Harrill
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - James E Klaunig
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Julia E Rager
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith Q Tanis
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Jan Willem van der Laan
- Section on Pharmacology, Toxicology and Kinetics, Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alisa Vespa
- Therapeutic Products Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Syril D Pettit
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Frank D Sistare
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Harbison CE, Aulbach AD, Bennet BM, Boyle MH, Carsillo ME, Crabbs TA, Keirstead ND, La Perle KMD, Pandiri AR, Shoieb AM, Siska WD. Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Biological Sample Retention From Nonclinical Toxicity Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 50:252-265. [PMID: 34702102 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211049156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Samples of biologic specimens and their derivatives (eg, wet tissues, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, histology slides, frozen tissues, whole blood, serum/plasma, and urine) are routinely collected during the course of nonclinical toxicity studies. Good Laboratory Practice regulations and/or guidance specify minimum requirements for specimen retention duration, with the caveat that retention of biologic specimens need not extend beyond the duration of sample stability. However, limited availability of published data regarding stability for various purposes following storage of each specimen type has resulted in confusion, uncertainty, and inconsistency as to the appropriate duration for storage of these specimens. To address these issues, a working group of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee was formed to review published information, regulations, and guidance pertinent to this topic and to summarize the current practices and rationales for retention duration through a survey-based approach. Information regarding experiences reaccessing biologic specimens and performing sample stability investigations was also collected. Based on this combined information, the working group developed several points to consider that may be referenced when developing or revising sample retention practices. [Box: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Torrie A Crabbs
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Krista M D La Perle
- Comparative Pathology & Digital Imaging Shared Resource, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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10
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Ton TVT, Kovi RC, Peddada TN, Chhabria RM, Shockley KR, Flagler ND, Gerrish KE, Herbert RA, Behl M, Hoenerhoff MJ, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Cobalt-induced oxidative stress contributes to alveolar/bronchiolar carcinogenesis in B6C3F1/N mice. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3171-3190. [PMID: 34468815 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rodent alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas (ABC) that arise either spontaneously or due to chemical exposure are similar to a subtype of lung adenocarcinomas in humans. B6C3F1/N mice and F344/NTac rats exposed to cobalt metal dust (CMD) by inhalation developed ABCs in a dose dependent manner. In CMD-exposed mice, the incidence of Kras mutations in ABCs was 67% with 80% of those being G to T transversions on codon 12 suggesting a role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis. In vitro studies, such as DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) immune-spin trapping assay, and dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence assay on A549 and BEAS-2B cells demonstrated increased oxidative stress due to cobalt exposure. In addition, significantly increased 8-oxo-dG adducts were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in lungs from mice exposed to CMD for 90 days. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis on ABCs arising spontaneously or due to chronic CMD-exposure demonstrated significant alterations in canonical pathways related to MAPK signaling (IL-8, ErbB, Integrin, and PAK pathway) and oxidative stress (PI3K/AKT and Melatonin pathway) in ABCs from CMD-exposed mice. Oxidative stress can stimulate PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Nox4 was significantly upregulated only in CMD-exposed ABCs and NOX4 activation of PI3K/AKT can lead to increased ROS levels in human cancer cells. The gene encoding Ereg was markedly up-regulated in CMD-exposed mice. Oncogenic KRAS mutations have been shown to induce EREG overexpression. Collectively, all these data suggest that oxidative stress plays a significant role in CMD-induced pulmonary carcinogenesis in rodents and these findings may also be relevant in the context of human lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai-Vu T Ton
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ramesh C Kovi
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.,Experimental Pathology Laboratories Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.,Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Teja N Peddada
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.,National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raveena M Chhabria
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.,Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Norris D Flagler
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core Laboratory, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ronald A Herbert
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Mamta Behl
- Toxicology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.,In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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11
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Salvador C, Cortes AL, Pandiri AR, Gimeno IM. Cytokine expression in the eye and brain of chickens following infection with a very virulent plus Marek's disease virus strain. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 237:110277. [PMID: 34090158 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine transcripts were evaluated chronologically in the brain and in the eye of chickens infected with the very virulent plus Marek's disease virus (vv + MDV) strain 648A. Brain and eye samples were collected from chickens that were either suffering from transient paralysis (TP) (11 days post inoculation, dpi) or had completely recovered from TP but started developing clinical signs of persistent neurological disease (PND) (18-31 dpi). Results obtained from samples collected at 11 dpi are referred as EL (early lesions) and results obtained from samples collected at later times (18-31 dpi) are referred as LL (late lesions). Marked differences were found in the cytokine transcripts in brain and eye. While proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-18), iNOS, IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-15 were upregulated in the brain during EL and LL, only IL-8 and IFN-γ were upregulated in the eye at both times (EL and LL). The two evaluated viral transcripts (gB and meq) were found in both eye and brain during EL and LL. Levels of the two viral transcripts evaluated were higher at LL than at EL in both brain and eye. No differences were found in any of the viral transcripts between eye and brain during EL. However, during the LL, the levels of meq transcripts were higher in the eye than in the brain. Our results suggest that MDV elicits different immune responses in the brain and in the eye of infected chickens. Because immune responses in the eye of chickens have been poorly studied, further studies on the pathogenesis of MDV in the eye could greatly contribute to our knowledge on the chicken eye immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Salvador
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Aneg L Cortes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Isabel M Gimeno
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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12
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Kovi RC, Vornoli A, Brooks A, Ton TVT, Xu M, Tibaldi E, Gnudi F, Li JL, Sills RC, Bucher JR, Belpoggi F, Pandiri AR. Abstract PO-084: Genetic profiling of rat gliomas and cardiac schwannomas from cell phone radiofrequency radiation exposure using a targeted next-generation sequencing gene panel. Clin Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.radsci21-po-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The cancer hazard associated with exposure to cell phone radiofrequency radiation (RFR) was examined using lifetime exposure in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at the Ramazzini Institute (RI), Italy. There were increased incidences of gliomas in the brain and schwannomas in the heart. In order to understand the translational relevance of these rat tumors for human disease, we examined the top 23 orthologous cancer genes mutated in human gliomas using a custom built a next-generation sequencing gene panel for rats based on Illumina’s TruSeq Custom Amplicon Technology. SD rat tissues (gliomas =15; cardiac schwannomas=9, interim (1 year) sacrificed non-tumor brain tissues from RFR exposed rats =30, control brain and heart control tissues from lifetime exposure=10 each, and age-matched control brain tissues from interim sacrificed rats=10) from the RI-RFR cancer bioassay were examined in this study. The deepSNV R-package with various filtering criteria and the read depth of >1000x were used to identify single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the rat gliomas and schwannomas. At 5% allelic frequency, there were an average of 43 SNVs per rat glioma and point mutations were detected in 9 genes (Arid1a, Cic, Tert promoter, Tp53, Atrx, Nf1, Pdgfra, Pi3kr1, and Setd2) in at least 3 or more rat gliomas based on population frequency. Five genes (Nf1, Tert promoter, Setd2, Arid1a, and Pdgfra) harbored SNVs in interim sacrificed brain tissues that were also present in RFR-exposed gliomas from lifetime exposure. Interestingly, no mutations were detected in hotspot regions of Idh1, Idh2, Egfr or Braf. In contrast to most human gliomas which harbor mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 genes, the rat gliomas seem to be Idh1 wild type with mutations in the other glioma-related genes. Primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare in humans. With this targeted NGS panel (at allelic frequency of 2.5%), there were an average of 146 SNVs per rat cardiac schwannoma and unique point mutations were detected in Cic, Egfr, Arid1a, Nf1, Setd2, Cdkn2a, Erbb2, Atrx, Pdgfra, and Notch1 in 3 or more cardiac schwannomas. A subset of the SNVs (Arid1a, Tp53, and Nf1) in rat gliomas was confirmed in human gliomas in the COSMIC database supporting the translational relevance of the rat gliomas for human disease. In addition, several SNVs from rat gliomas and cardiac schwannomas were found in various human cancers including carcinomas, hematopoietic neoplasms, melanomas and neuroendocrine tumors. In conclusion, the rat gliomas appear to share genetic alterations with a subtype of IDH1 wildtype human gliomas and rat primary cardiac schwannomas also harbor mutations in some of the queried cancer genes.
Citation Format: Ramesh C. Kovi, Andrea Vornoli, Ashley Brooks, Thai Vu T. Ton, Miaofei Xu, Eva Tibaldi, Federica Gnudi, Jian-Liang Li, Robert C. Sills, John R. Bucher, Fiorella Belpoggi, Arun R. Pandiri. Genetic profiling of rat gliomas and cardiac schwannomas from cell phone radiofrequency radiation exposure using a targeted next-generation sequencing gene panel [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-084.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C. Kovi
- 1Experimental Pathology Laboratories (EPL)/Division of National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC,
| | - Andrea Vornoli
- 2Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Bologna, Italy,
| | - Ashley Brooks
- 3Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, DIR, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, Durham, NC,
| | - Thai Vu T. Ton
- 4Division of National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NIEHS, Durham, NC
| | - Miaofei Xu
- 4Division of National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NIEHS, Durham, NC
| | - Eva Tibaldi
- 2Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Bologna, Italy,
| | - Federica Gnudi
- 2Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Bologna, Italy,
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- 3Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, DIR, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, Durham, NC,
| | - Robert C. Sills
- 4Division of National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NIEHS, Durham, NC
| | - John R. Bucher
- 4Division of National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NIEHS, Durham, NC
| | - Fiorella Belpoggi
- 2Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Bologna, Italy,
| | - Arun R. Pandiri
- 2Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Bologna, Italy,
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13
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Riva L, Pandiri AR, Li YR, Droop A, Hewinson J, Quail MA, Iyer V, Shepherd R, Herbert RA, Campbell PJ, Sills RC, Alexandrov LB, Balmain A, Adams DJ. The mutational signature profile of known and suspected human carcinogens in mice. Nat Genet 2020; 52:1189-1197. [PMID: 32989322 PMCID: PMC7610456 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have identified many environmental agents that appear to significantly increase cancer risk in human populations. By analyzing tumor genomes from mice chronically exposed to 1 of 20 known or suspected human carcinogens, we reveal that most agents do not generate distinct mutational signatures or increase mutation burden, with most mutations, including driver mutations, resulting from tissue-specific endogenous processes. We identify signatures resulting from exposure to cobalt and vinylidene chloride and link distinct human signatures (SBS19 and SBS42) with 1,2,3-trichloropropane, a haloalkane and pollutant of drinking water, and find these and other signatures in human tumor genomes. We define the cross-species genomic landscape of tumors induced by an important compendium of agents with relevance to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Riva
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yun Rose Li
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alastair Droop
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - James Hewinson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Michael A Quail
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Vivek Iyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Rebecca Shepherd
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ronald A Herbert
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Robert C Sills
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allan Balmain
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
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14
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Brockway-Lunardi L, Nelson S, Pandiri AR, Tricoli JV, Umar A, Wali A, Daschner PJ. Early-onset colorectal cancer research: gaps and opportunities. Colorectal Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/crc-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence rates of sporadic early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) are increasing rapidly in the USA and globally. Birth cohort analyses strongly suggest that changes in early life exposures to known or unknown risk factors for CRC may be driving EO disease, but the etiology of EO-CRC remains poorly understood. To address the alarming rise in sporadic EO-CRC, the National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences convened a virtual meeting that featured presentations and critical discussions from EO-CRC experts that examined emerging evidence on potential EO-CRC risk factors, mechanisms and translational opportunities in screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie Nelson
- Division of Cancer Control & Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - James V Tricoli
- Division of Cancer Treatment & Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Asad Umar
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anil Wali
- Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Phillip J Daschner
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Burkholder A, Akrobetu D, Pandiri AR, Ton K, Kim S, Labow BI, Nuzzi LC, Firriolo JM, Schneider SS, Fenton SE, Shaw ND. Investigation of the adolescent female breast transcriptome and the impact of obesity. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:44. [PMID: 32393308 PMCID: PMC7216667 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early life environmental exposures affect breast development and breast cancer risk in adulthood. The breast is particularly vulnerable during puberty when mammary epithelial cells proliferate exponentially. In overweight/obese (OB) women, inflammation increases breast aromatase expression and estrogen synthesis and promotes estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. In contrast, recent epidemiological studies suggest that obesity during childhood decreases future breast cancer risk. Studies on environmental exposures and breast cancer risk have thus far been limited to animal models. Here, we present the first interrogation of the human adolescent breast at the molecular level and investigate how obesity affects the immature breast. Methods We performed RNA-seq in 62 breast tissue samples from adolescent girls/young women (ADOL; mean age 17.8 years) who underwent reduction mammoplasty. Thirty-one subjects were non-overweight/obese (NOB; mean BMI 23.4 kg/m2) and 31 were overweight/obese (OB; BMI 32.1 kg/m2). We also compared our data to published mammary transcriptome datasets from women (mean age 39 years) and young adult mice, rats, and macaques. Results The ADOL breast transcriptome showed limited (30%) overlap with other species, but 88% overlap with adult women for the 500 most highly expressed genes in each dataset; only 43 genes were shared by all groups. In ADOL, there were 120 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in OB compared with NOB samples (padj < 0.05). Based on these DEG, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified the cytokines CSF1 and IL-10 and the chemokine receptor CCR2 as among the most highly activated upstream regulators, suggesting increased inflammation in the OB breast. Classical ER targets (e.g., PR, AREG) were not differentially expressed, yet IPA identified the ER and PR and growth factors/receptors (VEGF, HGF, HER3) and kinases (AKT1) involved in hormone-independent ER activation as activated upstream regulators in OB breast tissue. Conclusions These studies represent the first investigation of the human breast transcriptome during late puberty/young adulthood and demonstrate that obesity is associated with a transcriptional signature of inflammation which may augment estrogen action in the immature breast microenvironment. We anticipate that these studies will prompt more comprehensive cellular and molecular investigations of obesity and its effect on the breast during this critical developmental window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Burkholder
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dennis Akrobetu
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD A2-03, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kiki Ton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sue Kim
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD A2-03, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Brian I Labow
- Adolescent Breast Clinic, the Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura C Nuzzi
- Adolescent Breast Clinic, the Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Firriolo
- Adolescent Breast Clinic, the Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sallie S Schneider
- Biospecimen Resource and Molecular Analysis Facility, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Natalie D Shaw
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD A2-03, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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16
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Yamashita H, Surapureddi S, Kovi RC, Bhusari S, Ton TV, Li JL, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Rider CV, Hoenerhoff MJ, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Unique microRNA alterations in hepatocellular carcinomas arising either spontaneously or due to chronic exposure to Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) in B6C3F1/N mice. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2523-2541. [PMID: 32306082 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a herbal supplement for improving memory. Exposure of B6C3F1/N mice to GBE in a 2-year National Toxicology Program (NTP) bioassay resulted in a dose-dependent increase in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). To identify key microRNAs that modulate GBE-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, we compared the global miRNA expression profiles in GBE-exposed HCC (GBE-HCC) and spontaneous HCC (SPNT-HCC) with age-matched vehicle control normal livers (CNTL) from B6C3F1/N mice. The number of differentially altered miRNAs in GBE-HCC and SPNT-HCC was 74 (52 up and 22 down) and 33 (15 up and 18 down), respectively. Among the uniquely differentially altered miRNAs in GBE-HCC, miR-31 and one of its predicted targets, Cdk1 were selected for functional validation. A potential miRNA response element (MRE) in the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) of Cdk1 mRNA was revealed by in silico analysis and confirmed by luciferase assays. In mouse hepatoma cell line HEPA-1 cells, we demonstrated an inverse correlation between miR-31 and CDK1 protein levels, but no change in Cdk1 mRNA levels, suggesting a post-transcriptional effect. Additionally, a set of miRNAs (miRs-411, 300, 127, 134, 409-3p, and 433-3p) that were altered in the GBE-HCCs were also altered in non-tumor liver samples from the 90-day GBE-exposed group compared to the vehicle control group, suggesting that some of these miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for GBE exposure or hepatocellular carcinogenesis. These data increase our understanding of miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of GBE-mediated hepatocellular carcinogenesis in B6C3F1/N mice.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CDC2 Protein Kinase/genetics
- CDC2 Protein Kinase/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Ginkgo biloba
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Time Factors
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiro Yamashita
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Frontier Research Center, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, 100-6609, Japan
| | - Sailesh Surapureddi
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, DIR, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20460, USA
| | - Ramesh C Kovi
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sachin Bhusari
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, The Coca-Cola Company, 1 Coca Cola Plaza, NW, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thai Vu Ton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, DIR, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, DIR, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, DIR, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, 7126 Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 1526, USA
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core Laboratory, DIR, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Cynthia V Rider
- Toxicology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Janardhan KS, Venkannagari P, Jensen H, Hoenerhoff MJ, Herbert RA, Malarkey DE, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Do GISTs Occur in Rats and Mice? Immunohistochemical Characterization of Gastrointestinal Tumors Diagnosed as Smooth Muscle Tumors in The National Toxicology Program. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:577-584. [PMID: 31064278 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319845838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The majority of the tumors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of rats and mice, with spindle cell morphology, are diagnosed as smooth muscle tumors (SMTs). Similarly, several decades ago human GI tumors with spindle cell morphology were also diagnosed as SMTs. However, later investigations identified most of these tumors in humans as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The GISTs are considered to arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal located throughout the GI tract. Positive immunohistochemical staining with CKIT antibody is a well-accepted diagnostic marker for GISTs in humans. Since there is a considerable overlap between the histomorphology of SMTs and GISTs, it is not possible to distinguish them on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. As a result, GISTs are not routinely diagnosed in toxicological studies. The current study was designed to evaluate the tumors diagnosed as leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma in the National Toxicology Program's 2-year bioassays using CKIT, smooth muscle actin, and desmin immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrate that most of the mouse SMTs diagnosed as leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma are likely GISTs, whereas in rats the tumors are likely SMTs and not GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyanka Venkannagari
- 2 Division of National Toxicology Program, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Venkannagari is now with the Bain and Company Inc, Boston, MA, USA. Mark is now with the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heather Jensen
- 2 Division of National Toxicology Program, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Venkannagari is now with the Bain and Company Inc, Boston, MA, USA. Mark is now with the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- 2 Division of National Toxicology Program, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Venkannagari is now with the Bain and Company Inc, Boston, MA, USA. Mark is now with the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ronald A Herbert
- 2 Division of National Toxicology Program, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Venkannagari is now with the Bain and Company Inc, Boston, MA, USA. Mark is now with the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David E Malarkey
- 2 Division of National Toxicology Program, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Venkannagari is now with the Bain and Company Inc, Boston, MA, USA. Mark is now with the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- 2 Division of National Toxicology Program, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Venkannagari is now with the Bain and Company Inc, Boston, MA, USA. Mark is now with the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- 2 Division of National Toxicology Program, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Venkannagari is now with the Bain and Company Inc, Boston, MA, USA. Mark is now with the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Dunnick JK, Pandiri AR, Merrick BA, Kissling GE, Cunny H, Mutlu E, Waidyanatha S, Sills RC, Hong HHL, Ton TV, Maynor T, Rescio L, Phillips SL, Devito MJ, Brix A. Mutational analysis of pentabrominated diphenyl-induced hepatocellular tumors in rats and mice, tissue levels of PBDE congeners in rats and mice, and AhR genotyping of Wistar Han rats. Data Brief 2018; 21:2125-2128. [PMID: 30533462 PMCID: PMC6262166 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This article describes data related to the research article entitled “Carcinogenic activity of pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture (DE-71) in rats and mice” (Dunnick et al., 2018). PBDE-induced hepatocellular tumors harbored Hras and Ctnnb1 mutations and the methods for these studies are provided. Tissue levels of PBDE congeners in rats and mice after oral exposure to PBDE mixture increased with increasing dose of PBDE. There was no correlation between AhR status and the incidence of hepatocellular tumors in female Wistar Han rats. This manuscript provides additional information on the methods for conducting mutational analysis, PBDE tissue level determinations, and AhR genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- June K Dunnick
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - B A Merrick
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Grace E Kissling
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Helen Cunny
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Esra Mutlu
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Robert C Sills
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Hue-Hua L Hong
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Thai-Vu Ton
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Timonthy Maynor
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Leslie Rescio
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Siuzanne L Phillips
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Michael J Devito
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Amy Brix
- EPL, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
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19
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Dunnick JK, Shockley KR, Pandiri AR, Kissling GE, Gerrish KE, Ton TV, Wilson RE, Brar SS, Brix AE, Waidyanatha S, Mutlu E, Morgan DL. PBDE-47 and PBDE mixture (DE-71) toxicities and liver transcriptomic changes at PND 22 after in utero/postnatal exposure in the rat. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3415-3433. [PMID: 30206662 PMCID: PMC6706773 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pentabromodiphenyl ethers (PBDE) are found in human tissue, in household dust, and in the environment, and a particular concern is the potential for the induction of cancer pathways from these fat-soluble persistent organic pollutants. Only one PBDE cancer study has been conducted and that was for a PBDE mixture (DE-71). Because it is not feasible to test all PBDE congeners in the environment for cancer potential, it is important to develop a set of biological endpoints that can be used in short-term toxicity studies to predict disease outcome after long-term exposures. In this study, PBDE-47 was selected as the test PBDE congener to evaluate and compare toxicity to that of the carcinogenic PBDE mixture. The toxicities of PBDE-47 and the PBDE mixture were evaluated at PND 22 in Wistar Han rat (Crl: WI (Han)) pups after in utero/postnatal exposure (0, 0.1, 15, or 50 mg/kg; dams, GD6-21; pups, PND 12-PND 21; oral gavage daily dosing). By PND 22, PBDE-47 caused centrilobular hypertrophy and fatty change in liver, and reduced serum thyroxin (T4) levels; similar effects were also observed after PBDE mixture exposure. Transcriptomic changes in the liver included induction of cytochrome p450 transcripts and up-regulation of Nrf2 antioxidant pathway transcripts and ABC membrane transport transcripts. Decreases in other transport transcripts (ABCG5 & 8) provided a plausible mechanism for lipid accumulation, characterized by a treatment-related liver fatty change after PBDE-47 and PBDE mixture exposure. The benchmark dose calculation based on liver transcriptomic data was generally lower for PBDE-47 than for the PBDE mixture. The up-regulation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and changes in metabolic transcripts after PBDE-47 and PBDE mixture exposure suggest that PBDE-47, like the PBDE mixture (NTP 2016, TR 589), could be a liver toxin/carcinogen after long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Dunnick
- Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2233, USA.
| | - K R Shockley
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - A R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - G E Kissling
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - K E Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - T V Ton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - R E Wilson
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - S S Brar
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - A E Brix
- EPL, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - S Waidyanatha
- Toxicology Operations Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - E Mutlu
- Toxicology Operations Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - D L Morgan
- Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2233, USA
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20
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Pandiri AR, Malarkey DE, Hoenerhoff MJ. Toxicogenomics in Toxicologic Pathology. Toxicol Pathol 2018. [DOI: 10.1201/9780429504624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Auerbach SS, Xu M, Merrick BA, Hoenerhoff MJ, Phadke D, Taxman DJ, Shah R, Hong HHL, Ton TV, Kovi RC, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Exome Sequencing of Fresh-frozen or Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded B6C3F1/N Mouse Hepatocellular Carcinomas Arising Either Spontaneously or due to Chronic Chemical Exposure. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:706-718. [PMID: 30045675 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318789398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide; however, the mutational properties of HCC-associated carcinogens remain largely uncharacterized. We hypothesized that mechanisms underlying chemical-induced HCC can be characterized by evaluating the mutational spectra of these tumors. To test this hypothesis, we performed exome sequencing of B6C3F1/N HCCs that arose either spontaneously in vehicle controls ( n = 3) or due to chronic exposure to gingko biloba extract (GBE; n = 4) or methyleugenol (MEG; n = 3). Most archived tumor samples are available as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks, rather than fresh-frozen (FF) samples; hence, exome sequencing from paired FF and FFPE samples was compared. FF and FFPE samples showed 63% to 70% mutation concordance. Multiple known (e.g., Ctnnb1T41A, BrafV637E) and novel (e.g., Erbb4C559S, Card10A700V, and Klf11P358L) mutations in cancer-related genes were identified. The overall mutational burden was greater for MEG than for GBE or spontaneous HCC samples. To characterize the mutagenic mechanisms, we analyzed the mutational spectra in the HCCs according to their trinucleotide motifs. The MEG tumors clustered closest to Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer signatures 4 and 24, which are, respectively, associated with benzo(a)pyrene- and aflatoxin-induced HCCs in humans. These results establish a novel approach for classifying liver carcinogens and understanding the mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Auerbach
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Miaofei Xu
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - B Alex Merrick
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,2 Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dhiral Phadke
- 3 Sciome LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Debra J Taxman
- 3 Sciome LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruchir Shah
- 3 Sciome LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hue-Hua L Hong
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thai-Vu Ton
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramesh C Kovi
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,4 Experimental Pathology Laboratories Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Yamashita H, Hoenerhoff MJ, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Sutton D, Cummings CA, Wang Y, Julie FF, Behl M, Waidyanatha S, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Reduced Disc Shedding and Phagocytosis of Photoreceptor Outer Segment Contributes to Kava Kava Extract-induced Retinal Degeneration in F344/N Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:564-573. [PMID: 29806545 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318778796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There was a significant increase in the incidence of retinal degeneration in F344/N rats chronically exposed to Kava kava extract (KKE) in National Toxicology Program (NTP) bioassay. A retrospective evaluation of these rat retinas indicated a similar spatial and morphological alteration as seen in light-induced retinal degeneration in albino rats. Therefore, it was hypothesized that KKE has a potential to exacerbate the light-induced retinal degeneration. To investigate the early mechanism of retinal degeneration, we conducted a 90-day F344/N rat KKE gavage study at doses of 0 and 1.0 g/kg (dose which induced retinal degeneration in the 2-year NTP rat KKE bioassay). The morphological evaluation indicated reduced number of phagosomes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the superior retina. Transcriptomic alterations related to retinal epithelial homeostasis and melatoninergic signaling were observed in microarray analysis. Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment by the underlying RPE is essential to maintain the homeostasis of the photoreceptor layer and is regulated by melatonin signaling. Therefore, reduced photoreceptor outer segment disc shedding and subsequent lower number of phagosomes in the RPE and alterations in the melatonin pathway may have contributed to the increased incidences of retinal degeneration observed in F344/N rats in the 2-year KKE bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiro Yamashita
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,2 Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,6 In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- 3 Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- 3 Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- 4 Molecular Genomics Core Laboratory, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deloris Sutton
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Yu Wang
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Foley F Julie
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mamta Behl
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Dunnick JK, Pandiri AR, Merrick BA, Kissling GE, Cunny H, Mutlu E, Waidyanatha S, Sills R, Hong HL, Ton TV, Maynor T, Recio L, Phillips SL, Devito MJ, Brix A. Carcinogenic activity of pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture (DE-71) in rats and mice. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:615-624. [PMID: 29868454 PMCID: PMC5984199 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture was a multispecies carcinogen causing liver tumors in male and female rats and mice. Hras or Ctnnb1 mutations characterized the PBDE-induced liver tumors. PBDE-induced liver tumors increased with increasing PBDE exposure.
Pentabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants have been phased out in Europe and in the United States, but these lipid soluble chemicals persist in the environment and are found human and animal tissues. PBDEs have limited genotoxic activity. However, in a 2-year cancer study of a PBDE mixture (DE-71) (0, 3, 15, or 50 mg/kg (rats); 0, 3, 30, or 100 mg/kg (mice)) there were treatment-related liver tumors in male and female Wistar Han rats [Crl:WI(Han) after in utero/postnatal/adult exposure, and in male and female B6C3F1 mice, after adult exposure. In addition, there was evidence for a treatment-related carcinogenic effect in the thyroid and pituitary gland tumor in male rats, and in the uterus (stromal polyps/stromal sarcomas) in female rats. The treatment-related liver tumors in female rats were unrelated to the AhR genotype status, and occurred in animals with wild, mutant, or heterozygous Ah receptor. The liver tumors in rats and mice had treatment-related Hras and Ctnnb mutations, respectively. The PBDE carcinogenic activity could be related to oxidative damage, disruption of hormone homeostasis, and molecular and epigenetic changes in target tissue. Further work is needed to compare the PBDE toxic effects in rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Dunnick
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - A R Pandiri
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - B A Merrick
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - G E Kissling
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - H Cunny
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - E Mutlu
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - S Waidyanatha
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - R Sills
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - H L Hong
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - T V Ton
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - T Maynor
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - L Recio
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - S L Phillips
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - M J Devito
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - A Brix
- EPL, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Abstract
One of the principal challenges facing a toxicologic pathologist is to determine and differentiate a true adverse effect from a nonadverse or an adaptive response. Recent publications from the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) and the European STP provide guidance for determining and communicating adversity in nonclinical toxicology studies. In order to provide a forum to inform and engage in a discussion on this important topic, a continuing education (CE) course was held during the 2016 STP Annual meeting in San Diego, CA. The lectures at this course provided guidance on determining and communicating adversity using case studies involving both clinical pathology and anatomic pathology. In addition, one talk also focused on data quality, study design, and interpretation of artifacts that could hinder the determination of adversity. The CE course ended with a talk on understanding adversity in preclinical studies and engaging the regulatory agencies in the decision-making process. This manuscript is designed to provide brief summaries of all the talks in this well-received CE course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun R Pandiri
- 1 National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roy L Kerlin
- 2 Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peter C Mann
- 3 Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Northwest, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - L Peyton Myers
- 6 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas J Steinbach
- 7 Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
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25
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Dunnick JK, Shockley KR, Morgan DL, Brix A, Travlos GS, Gerrish K, Michael Sanders J, Ton TV, Pandiri AR. Hepatic transcriptomic alterations for N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) and p-toluidine after 5-day exposure in rats. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1685-1696. [PMID: 27638505 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT), an accelerant for methyl methacrylate monomers in medical devices, was a liver carcinogen in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice in a 2-year oral exposure study. p-Toluidine, a structurally related chemical, was a liver carcinogen in mice but not in rats in an 18-month feed exposure study. In this current study, liver transcriptomic data were used to characterize mechanisms in DMPT and p-toluidine liver toxicity and for conducting benchmark dose (BMD) analysis. Male F344/N rats were exposed orally to DMPT or p-toluidine (0, 1, 6, 20, 60 or 120 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. The liver was examined for lesions and transcriptomic alterations. Both chemicals caused mild hepatic toxicity at 60 and 120 mg/kg and dose-related transcriptomic alterations in the liver. There were 511 liver transcripts differentially expressed for DMPT and 354 for p-toluidine at 120 mg/kg/day (false discovery rate threshold of 5 %). The liver transcriptomic alterations were characteristic of an anti-oxidative damage response (activation of the Nrf2 pathway) and hepatic toxicity. The top cellular processes in gene ontology (GO) categories altered in livers exposed to DMPT or p-toluidine were used for BMD calculations. The lower confidence bound benchmark doses for these chemicals were 2 mg/kg/day for DMPT and 7 mg/kg/day for p-toluidine. These studies show the promise of using 5-day target organ transcriptomic data to identify chemical-induced molecular changes that can serve as markers for preliminary toxicity risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- June K Dunnick
- Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Daniel L Morgan
- NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Amy Brix
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Gregory S Travlos
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kevin Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - J Michael Sanders
- National Cancer Institute at NIEHS, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - T V Ton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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26
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Yamashita H, Hoenerhoff MJ, Peddada SD, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Chemical Exacerbation of Light-induced Retinal Degeneration in F344/N Rats in National Toxicology Program Rodent Bioassays. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 44:892-903. [PMID: 27230502 DOI: 10.1177/0192623316650050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degeneration due to chronic ambient light exposure is a common spontaneous age-related finding in albino rats, but it can also be related to exposures associated with environmental chemicals and drugs. Typically, light-induced retinal degeneration has a central/hemispherical localization whereas chemical-induced retinal degeneration has a diffuse localization. This study was conducted to identify and characterize treatment-related retinal degeneration in National Toxicology Program rodent bioassays. A total of 3 chronic bioassays in F344/N rats (but not in B6C3F1/N mice) were identified that had treatment-related increases in retinal degeneration (kava kava extract, acrylamide, and leucomalachite green). A retrospective light microscopic evaluation of the retinas from rats in these 3 studies showed a dose-related increase in the frequencies of retinal degeneration, beginning with the loss of photoreceptor cells, followed by the inner nuclear layer cells. These dose-related increased frequencies of degenerative retinal lesions localized within the central/hemispherical region are suggestive of exacerbation of light-induced retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiro Yamashita
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Nolte T, Brander-Weber P, Dangler C, Deschl U, Elwell MR, Greaves P, Hailey R, Leach MW, Pandiri AR, Rogers A, Shackelford CC, Spencer A, Tanaka T, Ward JM. Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Pancreas and Salivary Glands of the Rat and Mouse. J Toxicol Pathol 2016; 29:1S-125S. [PMID: 26973378 PMCID: PMC4765498 DOI: 10.1293/tox.29.1s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) project is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for nonproliferative and proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for classifying lesions in the digestive system including the salivary glands and the exocrine pancreas of laboratory rats and mice. Most lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature, the diagnostic criteria, and the photomicrographs are also available electronically on the Internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous and age related lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test items. Relevant infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for the digestive system will decrease misunderstandings among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nolte
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an
der Riss, 88397, Germany
- Chairman of the Digestive Tract INHAND Committee
| | - Patricia Brander-Weber
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma
AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Dangler
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.
Present: Sanofi5 The Mountain Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01740,
USA
| | - Ulrich Deschl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an
der Riss, 88397, Germany
| | - Michael R. Elwell
- Covance Laboratories, Inc. 14500 Avion Parkway, Ste 125,
Chantilly, Virginia 20151, USA
| | - Peter Greaves
- University of Leicester, Department of Cancer Studies and
Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Science Building, Leicester Royal
Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hailey
- GlaxoSmithKline PO Box 14164 Durham, North Carolina 27709,
USA
| | | | - Arun R. Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology
Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina 27709, USA
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. PO Box 12766,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Arlin Rogers
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 274
Tremont Street, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Cynthia C. Shackelford
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology
Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Alnwick Research Centre,
Willowburn Avenue, Alnwick, Northumberland NE66 2JH United Kingdom
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28
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Hayes SA, Pandiri AR, Ton TVT, Hong HHL, Clayton NP, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish K, Wyde M, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ. Renal Cell Carcinomas in Vinylidene Chloride-exposed Male B6C3F1 Mice Are Characterized by Oxidative Stress and TP53 Pathway Dysregulation. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 44:71-87. [PMID: 26682919 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315610820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vinylidene chloride (VDC) has been widely used in the production of plastics and flame retardants. Exposure of B6C3F1 mice to VDC in the 2-year National Toxicology Program carcinogenicity bioassay resulted in a dose-dependent increases in renal cell hyperplasia, renal cell adenoma, and renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). Among those differentially expressed genes from controls and RCC of VDC-exposed mice, there was an overrepresentation of genes from pathways associated with chronic xenobiotic and oxidative stress as well as c-Myc overexpression and dysregulation of TP53 cell cycle checkpoint and DNA damage repair pathways in RCC. Trend analysis comparing RCC, VDC-exposed kidney, and chamber control kidney showed a conservation of pathway dysregulation in terms of overrepresentation of xenobiotic and oxidative stress, and DNA damage and cell cycle checkpoint pathways in both VDC-exposed kidney and RCC, suggesting that these mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of RCC in VDC-exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schantel A Hayes
- Charles River Laboratories, Pathology Associates, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thai-vu T Ton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hue-Hua L Hong
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natasha P Clayton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Gerrish
- Microarray Core, Toxicology and Pharmacology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Wyde
- Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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29
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Harvey JB, Osborne TS, Hong HHL, Bhusari S, Ton TV, Pandiri AR, Masinde T, Dunnick J, Peddada S, Elmore S, Hoenerhoff MJ. Uterine Carcinomas in Tetrabromobisphenol A-exposed Wistar Han Rats Harbor Increased Tp53 Mutations and Mimic High-grade Type I Endometrial Carcinomas in Women. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 43:1103-13. [PMID: 26353976 PMCID: PMC4670270 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315599256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy is the United States and accounts for 6% of all cancers in women. The disease is classified as type I or type II based on clinicopathologic and molecular features. It is a multifactorial disease with a number of risk factors, including environmental exposures. How environmental exposures, such as flame retardants, may affect the incidence of endometrial cancer is a topic of current and ongoing interest. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a widely used brominated flame retardant found in a variety of household products. A recent 2-year National Toxicology Program carcinogenicity study found that exposure to TBBPA was associated with a marked increase in the development of uterine tumors, specifically uterine carcinomas, in Wistar Han rats. Molecularly, TBBPA-induced uterine carcinomas in Wistar Han rats were characterized by a marked increase in tumor protein 53 mutation compared to spontaneous uterine carcinomas, as well as overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Similar to spontaneous carcinomas, tumors in TBBPA-exposed rats were estrogen receptor-alpha positive and progesterone receptor negative by immunohistochemistry. The morphologic and molecular features of uterine carcinomas in TBBPA-exposed rats resemble those of high-grade type I tumors in women, and these data suggest that exposure to TBBPA may pose an increased cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice B Harvey
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tanasa S Osborne
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hue-Hua L Hong
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sachin Bhusari
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tai-Vu Ton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tiwanda Masinde
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - June Dunnick
- Experimental Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan Elmore
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Current address: In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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30
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Gimeno IM, Faiz NM, Cortes AL, Barbosa T, Villalobos T, Pandiri AR. In OvoVaccination with Turkey Herpesvirus Hastens Maturation of Chicken Embryo Immune Responses in Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens. Avian Dis 2015; 59:375-83. [DOI: 10.1637/11060-031115-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Bhusari S, Pandiri AR, Nagai H, Wang Y, Foley J, Hong HHL, Ton TV, DeVito M, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Malarkey DE, Hooth MJ, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ. Genomic Profiling Reveals Unique Molecular Alterations in Hepatoblastomas and Adjacent Hepatocellular Carcinomas in B6C3F1 Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 43:1114-26. [PMID: 26289556 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315599853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cell of origin of hepatoblastoma (HB) in humans and mice is unknown; it is hypothesized to be a transformed hepatocyte, oval cell, or hepatic progenitor cell. In mice, current dogma is that HBs arise from preexisting hepatocellular neoplasms as a result of further neoplastic transformation. However, there is little evidence supporting this direct relationship. To better understand the relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and HB and determine molecular similarities between mouse and human HB, global gene expression analysis and targeted mutation analysis were performed using HB, HCC, and adjacent liver from the same animals in a recent National Toxicology Program bioassay. There were significant differences in Hras and Ctnnb1 mutation spectra, and by microarray, HBs showed dysregulation of embryonic development, stem cell pluripotency, and genomic imprinting compared to HCC. Meta-analysis showed similarities between HB, early mouse embryonic liver, and hepatocyte-derived stem/progenitor cells compared to HCC. Our data show that there are striking differences between HB and HCC and suggest that HB is a significantly different entity that may arise from a hepatic precursor cell. Furthermore, mouse HB is similar to the human disease at the pathway level and therefore is likely a relevant model for evaluating human cancer hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Bhusari
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hiroaki Nagai
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julie Foley
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hue-Hua L Hong
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thai-Vu Ton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael DeVito
- Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David E Malarkey
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle J Hooth
- Program Operations Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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32
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Hong HHL, Hoenerhoff MJ, Ton TV, Herbert RA, Kissling GE, Hooth MJ, Behl M, Witt KL, Smith-Roe SL, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Kras, Egfr, and Tp53 Mutations in B6C3F1/N Mouse and F344/NTac Rat Alveolar/Bronchiolar Carcinomas Resulting from Chronic Inhalation Exposure to Cobalt Metal. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 43:872-82. [PMID: 26059825 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315581192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rodent lung tumors are morphologically similar to a subtype of human lung adenocarcinomas. The objective of this study was to evaluate Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogene homolog (Kras), epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr), and tumor protein 53 (Tp53) mutations, which are relevant to human lung cancer, in cobalt metal dust (CMD)-induced alveolar/bronchiolar tumors of B6C3F1/N mice and F344/NTac rats. Kras mutations were detected in 67% (mice) and 31% (rats) of CMD-induced lung tumors and were predominantly exon 1 codon 12 G to T transversions (80% in mice and 57% in rats). Egfr mutations were detected in 17% (both mice and rats) of CMD-induced lung tumors and were predominantly in exon 20 with 50% G to A transitions (mice and rats). Tp53 mutations were detected in 19% (mice) and 23% (rats) of CMD-induced lung tumors and were predominant in exon 5 (mice, 69% transversions) and exon 6 (rats, all transitions). No mutations were observed for these genes in spontaneous lung tumors or normal lungs from untreated controls. Ames assay indicated that CMD is mutagenic in the absence but not in the presence of S9 mix. Thus, the mutation data (G to T transversions) and Ames assay results suggest that oxidative damage to DNA may be a contributing factor in CMD-induced pulmonary carcinogenesis in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue-Hua L Hong
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Current address: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thai-Vu Ton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ronald A Herbert
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Grace E Kissling
- Biostatistics Branch, NTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle J Hooth
- Program Operations Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mamta Behl
- Toxicology Branch, NTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristine L Witt
- Biomolecular Screening Branch, NTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie L Smith-Roe
- Biomolecular Screening Branch, NTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Harvey JB, Hong HHL, Bhusari S, Ton TV, Wang Y, Foley JF, Peddada SD, Hooth M, DeVito M, Nyska A, Pandiri AR, Hoenerhoff MJ. F344/NTac Rats Chronically Exposed to Bromodichloroacetic Acid Develop Mammary Adenocarcinomas With Mixed Luminal/Basal Phenotype and Tgfβ Dysregulation. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:170-81. [PMID: 25732176 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815571680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer mortality in women in the United States. A recent 2-year National Toxicology Program carcinogenicity study showed an increased incidence of proliferative mammary lesions (hyperplasia, fibroadenoma, adenocarcinoma) in F344/NTac rats exposed to bromodichloroacetic acid (BDCA), a disinfection by-product in finished drinking water with widespread human exposure. We hypothesized that the increase in mammary tumors observed in BDCA-exposed F344/NTac rats may be due to underlying molecular changes relevant for human breast cancer. The objective of the study was to compare (1) gene and protein expression and (2) mutation spectra of relevant human breast cancer genes between normal untreated mammary gland and mammary tumors from control and BDCA-exposed animals to identify molecular changes relevant for human cancer. Histologically, adenocarcinomas from control and BDCA-exposed animals were morphologically very similar, were estrogen/progesterone receptor positive, and displayed a mixed luminal/basal phenotype. Gene expression analysis showed a positive trend in the number of genes associated with human breast cancer, with proportionally more genes represented in the BDCA-treated tumor group. Additionally, a 5-gene signature representing possible Tgfβ pathway activation in BDCA-treated adenocarcinomas was observed, suggesting that this pathway may be involved in the increased incidence of mammary tumors in BDCA-exposed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Harvey
- Investigative Pathology Group, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - H-H L Hong
- Investigative Pathology Group, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S Bhusari
- Investigative Pathology Group, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - T-V Ton
- Investigative Pathology Group, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Investigative Pathology Group, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Special Techniques Group, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J F Foley
- Investigative Pathology Group, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Special Techniques Group, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S D Peddada
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M Hooth
- Program Operations Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M DeVito
- General Toxicology Group, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - A Nyska
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - A R Pandiri
- Investigative Pathology Group, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M J Hoenerhoff
- Investigative Pathology Group, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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34
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Blackshear PE, Pandiri AR, Nagai H, Bhusari S, Hong HH, Ton TVT, Clayton NP, Wyde M, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ. Gene expression of mesothelioma in vinylidene chloride-exposed F344/N rats reveal immune dysfunction, tissue damage, and inflammation pathways. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 43:171-85. [PMID: 24958746 PMCID: PMC4275413 DOI: 10.1177/0192623314537885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A majority (∼80%) of human malignant mesotheliomas are asbestos-related. However, non-asbestos risk factors (radiation, chemicals, and genetic factors) account for up to 30% of cases. A recent 2-year National Toxicology Program carcinogenicity bioassay showed that male F344/N rats exposed to the industrial toxicant vinylidene chloride (VDC) resulted in a marked increase in malignant mesothelioma. Global gene expression profiles of these tumors were compared to spontaneous mesotheliomas and the F344/N rat mesothelial cell line (Fred-PE) in order to characterize the molecular features and chemical-specific profiles of mesothelioma in VDC-exposed rats. As expected, mesotheliomas from control and VDC-exposed rats shared pathways associated with tumorigenesis, including cellular and tissue development, organismal injury, embryonic development, inflammatory response, cell cycle regulation, and cellular growth and proliferation, while mesotheliomas from VDC-exposed rats alone showed overrepresentation of pathways associated with pro-inflammatory pathways and immune dysfunction such as the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathway, interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-12 signaling, interleukin responses, Fc receptor signaling, and natural killer and dendritic cells signaling, as well as overrepresentation of DNA damage and repair. These data suggest that a chronic, pro-inflammatory environment associated with VDC exposure may exacerbate disturbances in oncogene, growth factor, and cell cycle regulation, resulting in an increased incidence of mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela E Blackshear
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hiroaki Nagai
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sachin Bhusari
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hue-Hua Hong
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thai-Vu T Ton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natasha P Clayton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Wyde
- Experimental Toxicology Group, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Exocrine pancreas is a source of several enzymes that are essential for the digestive process. The exocrine pancreatic secretion is tightly regulated by the neuroendocrine system. The endocrine pancreas is tightly integrated anatomically and physiologically with the exocrine pancreas and modulates its function. Compound-induced pancreatitis is not a common event in toxicology or drug development, but it becomes a significant liability when encountered. Understanding the species-specific differences in physiology is essential to understand the underlying pathobiology of pancreatic disease in animal models and its relevance to human disease. This review will mainly focus on understanding the morphology and physiology of the pancreas, unique islet-exocrine interactions, and pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun R Pandiri
- 1Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Pandiri AR, Schultze AE. Overview of the pancreatic toxicity and carcinogenesis session. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 42:204-6. [PMID: 24159055 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313505931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The theme of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology Annual Symposium 2013 was "Toxicologic Pathology of the Digestive Tract and Pancreas." The last session focused on pancreatic toxicity and carcinogenesis. This overview highlights the various presentations in this session, focusing on pancreatic toxicologic pathology, responses of the pancreas to xenobiotics, and current understanding on pancreatic carcinogenesis. The objective of this symposium overview and the subsequent articles from this session is to enable the audience to develop a better appreciation for the pancreas as a target organ in toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun R Pandiri
- 1Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Schmidt SP, Jokinen MP, Law JM, Pandiri AR, Weddle DL, Wolf JC, Sills RC. Environmental pathobiology and global opportunities. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:733-4. [PMID: 24014610 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813485098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Blackshear PE, Pandiri AR, Ton TVT, Clayton NP, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ. Spontaneous mesotheliomas in F344/N rats are characterized by dysregulation of cellular growth and immune function pathways. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 42:863-76. [PMID: 23980201 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313501894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aged male Fischer 344/N rats are prone to developing spontaneous peritoneal mesotheliomas that arise predominantly from the tunica vaginalis of the testes. A definitive cause for the predominance of this neoplasm in F344/N rats is unknown. Investigation of the molecular alterations that occur in spontaneous rat mesotheliomas may provide insight into their pathogenesis as well enable a better understanding regarding the mechanisms underlying chemically induced mesothelioma in rodents. Mesothelial cell function represents a complex interplay of pathways related to host defense mechanisms and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Global gene expression profiles of spontaneous mesotheliomas from vehicle control male F344/N rats from 2-year National Toxicology Program carcinogenicity bioassays were analyzed to determine the molecular features of these tumors and elucidate tumor-specific gene expression profiles. The resulting gene expression pattern showed that spontaneous mesotheliomas are associated with upregulation of various growth factors, oncogenes, cytokines, pattern recognition response receptors, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns receptors, and the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as downregulation of apoptosis pathways. Alterations in these pathways in turn trigger molecular responses that stimulate cell proliferation and promote tumor survival and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela E Blackshear
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thai-Vu T Ton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natasha P Clayton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- Microarray Core, Toxicology and Pharmacology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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39
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Hoenerhoff MJ, Pandiri AR, Snyder SA, Hong HHL, Ton TV, Peddada S, Shockley K, Witt K, Chan P, Rider C, Kooistra L, Nyska A, Sills RC. Hepatocellular carcinomas in B6C3F1 mice treated with Ginkgo biloba extract for two years differ from spontaneous liver tumors in cancer gene mutations and genomic pathways. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 41:826-41. [PMID: 23262642 PMCID: PMC4799723 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312467520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine and today is used as an herbal supplement touted for improving neural function and for its antioxidant and anticancer effects. Herbal supplements have the potential for consumption over extended periods of time, with a general lack of sufficient data on long-term carcinogenicity risk. Exposure of B6C3F1 mice to GBE in the 2-year National Toxicology Program carcinogenicity bioassay resulted in a dose-dependent increase in hepatocellular tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We show that the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis in GBE exposed animals is complex, involving alterations in H-ras and Ctnnb1 mutation spectra, WNT pathway dysregulation, and significantly altered gene expression associated with oncogenesis, HCC development, and chronic xenobiotic and oxidative stress compared to spontaneous HCC. This study provides a molecular context for the genetic changes associated with hepatocarcinogenesis in GBE exposed mice and illustrates the marked differences between these tumors and those arising spontaneously in the B6C3F1 mouse. The molecular changes observed in HCC from GBE-treated animals may be of relevance to those seen in human HCC and other types of cancer, and provide important data on potential mechanisms of GBE hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC 27519, USA.
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40
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Gimeno IM, Witter RL, Cortes AL, Reddy SM, Pandiri AR. Standardization of a model to study revaccination against Marek's disease under laboratory conditions. Avian Pathol 2012; 41:59-68. [PMID: 22845322 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2011.635636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Revaccination, the practice of administering Marek's disease (MD) vaccine a second time, has been used in commercial poultry flocks for many years. The rationale is largely anecdotal as the few published reports have failed to provide support for the value of the practice. In the present work, we have standardized a model to study MD revaccination under laboratory conditions. Nine bird experiments were conducted to evaluate homologous revaccination (same vaccine administered twice) and heterologous revaccination (administration of two different vaccines) with various challenge models. Our results demonstrated that heterologous revaccination (with a second vaccine more protective than the first vaccine) but not homologous revaccination provided a beneficial increase in protection. Administration of the first vaccine at 18 days of embryonation followed by a more protective second vaccine at hatch reproduced systematically the benefits of revaccination. In addition, our results show that revaccination protocols might aid in solving major drawbacks associated with various highly protective experimental MD vaccines; that is, lymphoid organ atrophy and residual virulence. Strain RM1 is one of the most protective vaccines against early challenge with highly virulent MD virus but it induces severe lymphoid atrophy in chickens lacking maternal antibodies against MD virus. In this study, strain RM1 did not induce lymphoid organ atrophy when administered as second vaccine in a revaccination protocol. Similarly, strain 648A100/BP5 maintains residual virulence in chickens lacking maternal antibodies against MD virus but did not induce any lesions when used as a second vaccine. Until now, arbitrary revaccination protocols have been occasionally proven useful to the poultry industry. The model developed in this study will allow for a better understanding of this phenomenon and its optimization. A more rational use of this practice will be of great help to control MD outbreaks until better vaccines are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Gimeno
- Population Health and Pathobiology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
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41
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Humble MM, Young MJ, Foley JF, Pandiri AR, Travlos GS, Copeland WC. Polg2 is essential for mammalian embryogenesis and is required for mtDNA maintenance. Hum Mol Genet 2012. [PMID: 23197651 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is replicated by the heterotrimeric Pol γ comprised of a single catalytic subunit, encoded by Polg, and a homodimeric accessory subunit encoded by the Polg2 gene. While the catalytic subunit has been shown to be essential for embryo development, genetic data regarding the accessory subunit are lacking in mammalian systems. Here, we describe the generation of heterozygous (Polg2(+/-)) and homozygous (Polg2(-/-)) knockout (KO) mice. Polg2(+/-) mice are haplosufficient and develop normally with no discernable difference in mitochondrial function through 2 years of age. In contrast, the Polg2(-/-) is embryonic lethal at day 8.0-8.5 p.c. with concomitant loss of mtDNA and mtDNA gene products. Electron microscopy shows severe ultra-structural defects and loss of organized cristae in mitochondria of the Polg2(-/-) embryos as well as an increase in lipid accumulation compared with both wild-type (WT) and Polg2(+/-) embryos. Our data indicate that Polg2 function is critical to mammalian embryogenesis and mtDNA replication, and that a single copy of Polg2 is sufficient to sustain life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Humble
- Mitochondrial DNA Replication Group, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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42
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Pandiri AR, Sills RC, Ziglioli V, Ton TVT, Hong HHL, Lahousse SA, Gerrish KE, Auerbach SS, Shockley KR, Bushel PR, Peddada SD, Hoenerhoff MJ. Differential transcriptomic analysis of spontaneous lung tumors in B6C3F1 mice: comparison to human non-small cell lung cancer. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:1141-59. [PMID: 22688403 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312447543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in people and is mainly due to environmental factors such as smoking and radon. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) tests various chemicals and mixtures for their carcinogenic hazard potential. In the NTP chronic bioassay using B6C3F1 mice, the incidence of lung tumors in treated and control animals is second only to the liver tumors. In order to study the molecular mechanisms of chemically induced lung tumors, an understanding of the genetic changes that occur in spontaneous lung (SL) tumors from untreated control animals is needed. The authors have evaluated the differential transcriptomic changes within SL tumors compared to normal lungs from untreated age-matched animals. Within SL tumors, several canonical pathways associated with cancer (eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling, RhoA signaling, PTEN signaling, and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling), metabolism (Inositol phosphate metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and purine and pyramidine metabolism), and immune responses (FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, interleukin 8 signaling, and CXCR4 signaling) were altered. Meta-analysis of murine SL tumors and human non-small cell lung cancer transcriptomic data sets revealed a high concordance. These data provide important information on the differential transcriptomic changes in murine SL tumors that will be critical to our understanding of chemically induced lung tumors and will aid in hazard analysis in the NTP 2-year carcinogenicity bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program-NTP, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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43
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Gimeno IM, Cortes AL, Witter RL, Pandiri AR. Optimization of the Protocols for Double Vaccination Against Marek's Disease by Using Commercially Available Vaccines: Evaluation of Protection, Vaccine Replication, and Activation of T Cells. Avian Dis 2012; 56:295-305. [DOI: 10.1637/9930-091311-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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44
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Draper DW, Gowdy KM, Madenspacher JH, Wilson RH, Whitehead GS, Nakano H, Pandiri AR, Foley JF, Remaley AT, Cook DN, Fessler MB. ATP binding cassette transporter G1 deletion induces IL-17-dependent dysregulation of pulmonary adaptive immunity. J Immunol 2012; 188:5327-36. [PMID: 22539789 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mice with genetic deletion of the cholesterol transporter ATP binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) have pulmonary lipidosis and enhanced innate immune responses in the airway. Whether ABCG1 regulates adaptive immune responses to the environment is unknown. To this end, Abcg1(+/+) and Abcg1(-/-) mice were sensitized to OVA via the airway using low-dose LPS as an adjuvant, and then challenged with OVA aerosol. Naive Abcg1(-/-) mice displayed increased B cells, CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) in lung and lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes, with lung CD11b(+) DCs displaying increased CD80 and CD86. Upon allergen sensitization and challenge, the Abcg1(-/-) airway, compared with Abcg1(+/+), displayed reduced Th2 responses (IL-4, IL-5, eosinophils), increased neutrophils and IL-17, but equivalent airway hyperresponsiveness. Reduced Th2 responses were also found using standard i.p. OVA sensitization with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Mediastinal lymph nodes from airway-sensitized Abcg1(-/-) mice produced reduced IL-5 upon ex vivo OVA challenge. Abcg1(-/-) CD4(+) T cells displayed normal ex vivo differentiation, whereas Abcg1(-/-) DCs were found paradoxically to promote Th2 polarization. Th17 cells, IL-17(+) γδT cells, and IL-17(+) neutrophils were all increased in Abcg1(-/-) lungs, suggesting Th17 and non-Th17 sources of IL-17 excess. Neutralization of IL-17 prior to challenge normalized eosinophils and reduced neutrophilia in the Abcg1(-/-) airway. We conclude that Abcg1(-/-) mice display IL-17-mediated suppression of eosinophilia and enhancement of neutrophilia in the airway following allergen sensitization and challenge. These findings identify ABCG1 as a novel integrator of cholesterol homeostasis and adaptive immune programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Draper
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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45
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Pandiri AR, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ, Peddada SD, Ton TVT, Hong HHL, Flake GP, Malarkey DE, Olson GR, Pogribny IP, Walker NJ, Boudreau MD. Aloe vera non-decolorized whole leaf extract-induced large intestinal tumors in F344 rats share similar molecular pathways with human sporadic colorectal tumors. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 39:1065-74. [PMID: 21937742 DOI: 10.1177/0192623311422081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aloe vera is one of the most commonly used botanicals for various prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Recently, NTP/NCTR has demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in large intestinal tumors in F344 rats chronically exposed to Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) non-decolorized whole leaf extract (AVNWLE) in drinking water. The morphological and molecular pathways of AVNWLE-induced large intestinal tumors in the F344 rats were compared to human colorectal cancer (hCRC) literature. Defined histological criteria were used to compare AVNWLE-induced large intestinal tumors with hCRC. The commonly mutated genes (Kras, Ctnnb1, and Tp53) and altered signaling pathways (MAPK, WNT, and TGF-β) important in hCRC were evaluated within AVNWLE-induced large intestinal tumors. Histological evaluation of the large intestinal tumors indicated eight of twelve adenomas (Ads) and four of twelve carcinomas (Cas). Mutation analysis of eight Ads and four Cas identified point mutations in exons 1 and 2 of the Kras gene (two of eight Ads, two of four Cas), and in exon 2 of the Ctnnb1 gene (three of eight Ads, one of four Cas). No Tp53 (exons 5-8) mutations were found in Ads or Cas. Molecular pathways important in hCRC such as MAPK, WNT, and TGF-β signaling were also altered in AVNWLE-induced Ads and Cas. In conclusion, the AVNWLE-induced large intestinal tumors in F344 rats share several similarities with hCRC at the morphological and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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46
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Hoenerhoff MJ, Pandiri AR, Lahousse SA, Hong HH, Ton TV, Masinde T, Auerbach SS, Gerrish K, Bushel PR, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Sills RC. Global gene profiling of spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma in B6C3F1 mice: similarities in the molecular landscape with human liver cancer. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 39:678-99. [PMID: 21571946 DOI: 10.1177/0192623311407213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the risk factors of human HCC are well known, the molecular pathogenesis of this disease is complex, and in general, treatment options remain poor. The use of rodent models to study human cancer has been extensively pursued, both through genetically engineered rodents and rodent models used in carcinogenicity and toxicology studies. In particular, the B6C3F1 mouse used in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) two-year bioassay has been used to evaluate the carcinogenic effects of environmental and occupational chemicals, and other compounds. The high incidence of spontaneous HCC in the B6C3F1 mouse has challenged its use as a model for chemically induced HCC in terms of relevance to the human disease. Using global gene expression profiling, we identify the dysregulation of several mediators similarly altered in human HCC, including re-expression of fetal oncogenes, upregulation of protooncogenes, downregulation of tumor suppressor genes, and abnormal expression of cell cycle mediators, growth factors, apoptosis regulators, and angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling factors. Although major differences in etiology and pathogenesis remain between human and mouse HCC, there are important similarities in global gene expression and molecular pathways dysregulated in mouse and human HCC. These data provide further support for the use of this model in hazard identification of compounds with potential human carcinogenicity risk, and may help in better understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis resulting from chemical exposure in the NTP two-year carcinogenicity bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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Pandiri AR, Gimeno IM, Reed WM, Fitzgerald SD, Fadly AM. Subgroup J avian leukosis virus-induced histiocytic sarcomatosis occurs only in persistently viremic but not immunotolerized meat-type chickens. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:282-7. [PMID: 19261641 DOI: 10.1354/vp.46-2-282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV J) infection profile in the development of histiocytic sarcomatosis (HS) in chickens was evaluated using retrospective analysis of 2 experiments involving in ovo and at-hatch inoculation of commercial meat-type and ADOL line 0 chickens with 100 or 10,000 TCID(50) of various strains ALV J. HS was observed only in persistently viremic, meat-type chickens that were inoculated at hatch, but not in immunotolerized (persistently viremic, with no antibodies), in ovo inoculated chickens. However, the immunotolerized, in ovo inoculated chickens developed a high incidence of myeloid tumors. HS appeared to arise from the splenic ellipsoids and red pulp, and metastasized to liver, kidney, and other organs. The neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for ChL5, CD45, and MHC class II with multifocal infiltration of T and B lymphocytes. Expression of viral antigen gp85 within HS was very low compared with that noted in ALV J-induced myelocytomas. The above observations suggest that the mechanisms of oncogenesis of HS might be different from that of other ALV J-induced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Pandiri
- USDA ARS Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, 3606 East Mount Hope Road, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
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Pandiri AR, Gimeno IM, Reed WM, Lee LF, Silva RF, Fadly AM. Distribution of viral antigen gp85 and provirus in various tissues from commercial meat-type and experimental White Leghorn Line 0 chickens with different subgroup J avian leukosis virus infection profiles. Avian Pathol 2008; 37:7-13. [PMID: 18202944 DOI: 10.1080/03079450701774843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to test for the presence of avian leukosis virus (ALV) J viral antigen gp85 and proviral DNA, respectively, in various tissues (adrenal gland, bone marrow, gonad, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, proventriculus, sciatic nerve, spleen, and thymus). Tissues were collected from 32-week-old commercial meat-type and Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory experimental White Leghorn Line 0 chickens with the following different infection profiles: tV + A-, included in ovo-tolerized viraemic chickens with no neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) on any sampling; ntV + A-, included chickens that were viraemic and NAb-negative at the time of termination at 32 weeks post hatch, but had NAbs on up to two occasions; V+ A+, included chickens that were viraemic and NAb-positive at the time of termination at 32 weeks post hatch, and had NAbs on more than two occasions; V - A+, included chickens that were negative for viraemia and NAb-positive at the time of termination at 32 weeks post hatch, and had antibody on more than two occasions; V - A-, included chickens that were never exposed to ALV J virus. There was a direct correlation between viraemia and tissue distribution of gp85, regardless of the NAb status and strain of chickens, as expression of ALV J gp85 was noted in only viraemic chickens (tV + A-, ntV + A-, V+ A+), but not in non-viraemic seroconverted chickens (V - A+). Of the four oligonucleotide primers pairs used in PCR to identify ALV J provirus, only one primer set termed H5/H7 was useful in demonstrating ALV J proviral DNA in the majority of the tissues tested from non-viraemic, antibody-positive chickens (V - A+). The results suggest that PCR using primer pair H5/H7 is more sensitive than immunohistochemistry in identifying ALV J in chickens that have been exposed to virus, but are not actively viraemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Pandiri
- USDA ARS Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
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49
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Pandiri AR, Reed WM, Mays JK, Fadly AM. Influence of Strain, Dose of Virus, and Age at Inoculation on Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus Persistence, Antibody Response, and Oncogenicity in Commercial Meat-Type Chickens. Avian Dis 2007; 51:725-32. [DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[725:iosdov]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Lupiani B, Pandiri AR, Mays J, Hunt HD, Fadly AM. Molecular and Biological Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Recombinant Subgroup B Avian Leukosis Virus with a Subgroup J–Like Long Terminal Repeat. Avian Dis 2006; 50:572-8. [PMID: 17274296 DOI: 10.1637/7656-053006r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Infection of broiler chickens with subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV) results in the induction of myeloid tumors. However, although egg-type chickens are susceptible to infection with ALV-J, the tumor incidence is very low, and on rare occasions the tumors observed are of the myeloid lineage. We recently described the isolation of an ALV (AF115-4) from commercial egg-type chickens suffering from myeloid leukosis. AF115-4 was initially identified as an ALV-J isolate based on PCR analysis of the long terminal repeat (LTR). However, further characterization of the viral envelope indicated that the virus is recombinant with subgroups B envelope and J LTR. Here we further characterize this recombinant virus at both the molecular and biological levels. We show that the AF115-4 isolate expresses a recombinant envelope glycoprotein encoded by a subgroup B gp85 region and a subgroup E gp37 region. The host range ofAF115-4 was analyzed using cells resistant to infection by subgroups A/B, J, or E; this shows that no ALV-J was present in the isolates obtained from the affected chickens. Additional antigenic characterization of AF115-4 using chicken sera specific for subgroups B or J indicated that no ALV-J was present in the samples examined. Inoculation of AF 115-4 into ALV-susceptible 1515 X 71 chickens resulted in the induction of lymphoid leukosis but not the expected myeloid leukosis affecting the commercial chickens. These results suggest that differences in the genetic makeup of the chickens from which AF115-4 was isolated and the line 1515 X 71 used in the present experiments may be responsible for the observed differences in pathogenicity. In addition, the results suggest that ALV-J continues to evolve by recombination, generating new viruses with different pathological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Lupiani
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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