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Flis Z, Molik E. Importance of Bioactive Substances in Sheep's Milk in Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4364. [PMID: 33921992 PMCID: PMC8122369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep's milk is an important source of bioactive substances that have health-promoting functions for the body. The valuable composition of sheep's milk is due to the high content of fatty acids, immunoglobulins, proteins, hormones, vitamins and minerals. Many biopeptides found in milk have antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. The bioactive substances of sheep's milk also show anticancer properties. Sheep's milk, thanks to its content of CLA and orotic acid, prevents the occurrence of type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Sheep's milk, as a product rich in bioactive substances, can be used as a medical aid to support the body in the fight against neurological and cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyta Molik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-059 Krakow, Poland;
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Löffler M, Carrey EA, Zameitat E. Orotate (orotic acid): An essential and versatile molecule. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 35:566-577. [PMID: 27906623 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2016.1147580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Orotate (OA) is well-known as a precursor in biosynthesis of pyrimidines; in mammals it is released from the mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) for conversion to UMP by the cytoplasmic UMP synthase enzyme. OA is also a normal part of the diet, being found in milk and dairy products, and it is converted to uridine for use in the pyrimidine salvage pathway predominantly in liver, kidney and erythrocytes. Early research into nutrition identified orotate as "vitamin B13," and its use as a complex with organic cations or metal ions was promulgated in body-building, and in assisting therapies of metabolic syndromes. It has recently been established that the amelioration of gout by dairy products arises from the competition of orotate and urate at the hURAT1 transporter. The orotic aciduria that arises in children with defective UMP synthase can be rescued by oral uridine therapy, since UMP is the end-product and also a feedback inhibitor of the de novo pathway. In contrast, Miller (dysmorphology) syndrome is connected with defects in DHODH, and hence in the supply of OA, and cannot be helped by uridine. Other models of dysmorphisms are connected with enzymes early in the pyrimidine de novo pathway. We conclude that the OA molecule is itself required for the regulation of genes that are important in the development of cells, tissues and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Löffler
- a Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg , Marburg , Germany
| | - E A Carrey
- b Institute of Child Health, University College London , GB
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Bernstock JD, Lee YJ, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Southall N, Johnson KR, Maric D, Volpe G, Kouznetsova J, Zheng W, Pluchino S, Hallenbeck JM. A novel quantitative high-throughput screen identifies drugs that both activate SUMO conjugation via the inhibition of microRNAs 182 and 183 and facilitate neuroprotection in a model of oxygen and glucose deprivation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:426-41. [PMID: 26661196 PMCID: PMC4759677 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15609939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation/de-conjugation of Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) has been shown to be associated with a diverse set of physiologic/pathologic conditions. The clinical significance and ostensible therapeutic utility offered via the selective control of the global SUMOylation process has become readily apparent in ischemic pathophysiology. Herein, we describe the development of a novel quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) system designed to identify small molecules capable of increasing SUMOylation via the regulation/inhibition of members of the microRNA (miRNA)-182 family. This assay employs a SHSY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line stably transfected with a dual firefly-Renilla luciferase reporter system for identification of specific inhibitors of either miR-182 or miR-183. In this study, we have identified small molecules capable of inducing increased global conjugation of SUMO in both SHSY5Y cells and rat E18-derived primary cortical neurons. The protective effects of a number of the identified compounds were confirmed via an in vitro ischemic model (oxygen/glucose deprivation). Of note, this assay can be easily repurposed to allow high-throughput analyses of the potential drugability of other relevant miRNA(s) in ischemic pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Bernstock
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yang-ja Lee
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Noel Southall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NCATS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kory R Johnson
- Bioinformatics Section, Information Technology & Bioinformatics Program, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giulio Volpe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Kouznetsova
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NCATS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NCATS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John M Hallenbeck
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Orotic Acid, More Than Just an Intermediate of Pyrimidine de novo Synthesis. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:207-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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