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El-Shoura EAM, Abdelzaher LA, Ahmed AAN, Abdel-Wahab BA, Sharkawi SMZ, Mohamed SA, Salem EA. Reno-protective effect of nicorandil and pentoxifylline against potassium dichromate-induced acute renal injury via modulation p38MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 and Notch1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 85:127474. [PMID: 38788404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational and environmental exposure to chromium compounds such as potassium dichromate (PDC) (K2Cr2O7) has emerged as a potential aetiologic cause for renal disease through apoptotic, and inflammatory reactions. The known potent antioxidants such as nicorandil (NIC) and/or pentoxifylline (PTX) were studied for their possible nephroprotective effect in PDC-treated rats. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups; control, PDC group, NIC+PDC, PTX+PDC group, and combination+PDC group. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated histopathologically and biochemically. Invasive blood pressure, renal function parameters urea, creatinine, uric acid and albumin, glomerular filtration rate markers Cys-C, Kim-1 and NGAL, inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, COX-II, p38MAPK, NF-κB and TLR4, oxidative stress SOD, GSH, MDA, MPO, HO-1 and Nrf2 and apoptotic mediators Notch1 and PCNA were evaluated. Besides, renal cortical histopathology was assayed as well. RESULTS PDC led to a considerable increase in indicators for kidney injury, renal function parameters, invasive blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. They were markedly reduced by coadministration of PDC with either/or NIC and PTX. The NIC and PTX combination regimen showed a more significant improvement than either medication used alone. Our results demonstrated the nephroprotective effect of NIC, PTX, and their combined regimen on PDC-induced kidney injury through suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. CONCLUSION Renal recovery from PDC injury was achieved through enhanced MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 and suppressed Notch1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. This study highlights the role of NIC and PTX as effective interventions to ameliorate nephrotoxicity in patients undergoing PDC toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Lobna A Abdelzaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A N Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souty M Z Sharkawi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Esraa A Salem
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen ElKom 32511, Egypt
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Abdel-Aziz HM, Ibrahem NE, Mekawy NH, Fawzy A, Mohamad NM, Samy W. Nicorandil and Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapeutic Effect after Ureteral Obstruction in Adult Male Albino Rats. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:124-138. [PMID: 35319402 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220322113734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is a global health problem for which renal fibrogenesis is the final treatment target. OBJECTIVE In our work, we have highlighted two new strategies, nicorandil and Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), as effective in reversing renal fibrosis induced by partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO). METHODS The current study included 96 male albino rats randomly divided into four groups, with 24 rats per group; Group I, the control group; Group II, PUUO, where two-thirds of the left ureter was entrenched in the psoas muscle; Group III, same surgical procedure as in Group II for 7 days, and then the rats received 15 mg/kg/day nicorandil once daily for 21 days; and Group IV, same surgical procedure as in Group II for 7 days, and then rats were given 3 × 106 of labeled MSCs injected intravenous, and left for 21 days. Blood and kidney tissues were collected for biochemical, histological, and molecular analyses. RESULTS Both the nicorandil and BM-MSCs treatment groups could ameliorate kidney damage evidenced by inhibition of MDA elevation and total antioxidant capacity reduction caused by PUUO. Also, there was a significant reduction observed in TNF, TGF, IL6, collagen I, and α-SMA in addition to improvement in histological examination. However, a significant difference was found between the BM-MSCs and nicorandil-treated groups. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BM-MSCs and nicorandil improved renal fibrosis progression through their antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects in male albino rats subjected to PUUO, with BM-MSCs being more effective compared to nicorandil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nahla E Ibrahem
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noura H Mekawy
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal Fawzy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noura Mostafa Mohamad
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa Samy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Harb IA, Ashour H, Sabry D, El-Yasergy DF, Hamza WM, Mostafa A. Nicorandil prevents the nephrotoxic effect of cyclosporine-A in albino rats through modulation of HIF-1α/VEGF/eNOS signaling. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:411-417. [PMID: 32822562 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite that cyclosporine-A (CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressive drug, its nephrotoxic effect limits its long-term administration. Herein we tried to investigate its renal effect on endothelial dysfunction targeting the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) / vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) / endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway and the possible modulation by nicorandil. Eight groups of adult male Wistar rats were included: (1) control; (2) vehicle group (received oil); (3) glibenclamide 5 mg·kg-1·day-1 administered orally; (4) nicorandil 10 mg·kg-1·day-1 administered orally; (5) CsA 25 mg·kg-1·day-1 administered orally; (6) combined administration of CsA and nicorandil; (7) glibenclamide was added to CsA; and (8) both CsA and nicorandil were combined with glibenclamide. The treatment continued for six weeks. Combined nicorandil with CsA improved renal function deterioration initiated by CsA. CsA decreased the renal expression levels (P < 0.001) of HIF-1α, eNOS, and VEGF, inducing endothelial dysfunction and triggering inflammation, and upregulated the profibrotic marker transforming growth factor (TGF-β). Nicorandil fixed the disturbed HIF-1α/VEGF/eNOS signaling. Nicorandil corrected the renal functions, confirmed by the improved histological glomerular tuft retraction that was obvious in the CsA group, without significant influence by glibenclamide. Proper protection from CsA-induced nephrotoxicity was achieved by nicorandil. Nicorandil reversed the disturbed HIF-1α/VEGF/eNOS pathway created by CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas A Harb
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Ashour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Fawzy El-Yasergy
- Department of Pathology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael Mostafa Hamza
- Department of Pathology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Mostafa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ezzat DM, Soliman AM, El-Kashef DH. Nicorandil mitigates folic acid-induced nephrotoxicity in mice: Role of iNOS and eNOS. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22692. [PMID: 33404076 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a commonly used model in experimental animals for studying renal injury. This study aimed to investigate the probable protecting impact of nicorandil against FA-induced renal dysfunction. A mouse model was executed by a single injection of FA (250 mg/kg). Nicorandil was orally administrated in two doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 10 days. Nicorandil repressed the progression of FA-induced AKI as evidenced by the improvement of histopathological alterations and the substantial decrease of serum levels of creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde (MDA), and urinary protein levels. Moreover, nicorandil resulted in a profound reduction in oxidative stress as manifested by decreased MDA and increased reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase in renal tissue. Notably, nicorandil suppressed FA-induced inflammation; it reduced renal levels of nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. Furthermore, nicorandil decreased renal levels of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Lastly, nicorandil efficiently decreased expression of the proapoptotic protein (Bax) and caspase 3. Nicorandil confers dose-dependent protection against FA-induced AKI by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation besides modulating nitric oxide synthase and reducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia H El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Abdel-Sattar AR, Abo-Saif AA, Aboyoussef AM. Nicorandil and atorvastatin attenuate carbon tetrachloride - induced liver fibrosis in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:582-593. [PMID: 32988255 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1830104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective effects of nicorandil and atorvastatin against experimentally induced liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar male rats wereassigned tofivegroups; control group, fibrosis group, the remaining three groups received in addition to CCl4, N-acetyl cysteine (300 mg/kg), nicorandil(15 mg/kg) and atorvastatin (20 mg/kg), respectively. Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of rats with CCl4 (2 ml/kg), twice weekly for five consecutive weeks. All treatments were administered daily starting from the first day of fibrosis induction for five consecutive weeks. By the end of the experiment, fibrosis biomarkers [hepatic transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and hydroxyproline (HYP)], liver function [serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), albumin and total bilirubin] were assessed. Moreover, lipid profile [total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)], inflammatory biomarkers [hepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO), serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)], relative liver weight] and oxidative stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT)] were evaluated. In support, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of liver alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were performed. RESULTS Nicorandil and atorvastatin effectively reduced fibrosis and liver function biomarkers. They both restored serum lipid profile, TNF-α, MPO, relative liver weight, and hepatic MDA content. Alternatively, they markedly elevated albumin, HDL-C and hepatic content of GSH and CAT. Additionally, a marked histopathological and immunohistochemical improvement of α-SMA was observed. CONCLUSION Nicorandil and atorvastatin might be promising protective agents against liver fibrosis through amelioration of liver function, modulation of fibrous formation, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Ahmed Abo-Saif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amira M Aboyoussef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Kseibati MO, Shehatou GSG, Sharawy MH, Eladl AE, Salem HA. Nicorandil ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats through modulating eNOS, iNOS, TXNIP and HIF-1α levels. Life Sci 2020; 246:117423. [PMID: 32057902 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) is one of the most common anti-cancer drugs used to treat numerous types of tumors. However, pulmonary toxicity is considered the most dramatic effect of BLM. Therefore, BLM has been frequently used for induction of pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nicorandil on BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and explore the possible mechanisms. BLM was instilled intratracheally into male Sprague-Dawley rats as a single dose (5 mg/kg) and oral nicorandil was given (30 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks after BLM challenge. At the end of experimental period, rats were sacrificed, and lung histopathology and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Nicorandil therapy attenuated lung inflammation and fibrosis elicited by BLM. Nicorandil significantly reduced total protein content, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and total and differential cell counts. Moreover, nicorandil diminished lung levels of malondialdehyde and total nitrite/nitrate, in addition to increasing lung contents of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity. Nicorandil reduced lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contents of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and lung content of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Besides, nicorandil significantly improved histological lesions and reduced collagen deposition as well as hydroxyproline content. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that nicorandil-treated rats exhibited significant diminutions in protein expression levels of transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and enhanced pulmonary protein expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS). In conclusion, these results illustrate the possible potential effects of nicorandil for managing pulmonary fibrosis caused by BLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed O Kseibati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for science and Technology, Gamasa City, Egypt
| | - Maha H Sharawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Eladl
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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7
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El-Kashef DH. Nicorandil ameliorates pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in a rat model of silicosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:289-297. [PMID: 30223191 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nicorandil, an antianginal and potassium channel opener agent, has different useful impacts on cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Its effect against silicosis has not been discussed yet, therefore, this is an attempt to decide whether nicorandil can reduce silica-induced lung injury in rats. Silica model was induced by intranasal instillation of silica dust once. Rats were given nicorandil for 56 days after exposure to silica. Results showed that nicorandil significantly alleviated silica-induced inflammation as it decreased the elevated levels of total and differential cell counts, pulmonary edema (revealed by decreased lung/body weight ratio and W/D weight ratio), LDH and total protein levels in BALF. Notably, nicorandil decreased collagen deposition as evidenced by reduction in levels of hydroxyproline and collagen in lung tissues as well as obvious alleviation in silica-induced fibrosis in histopathological findings. Nicorandil effectively reduced the increased expression of NF-κB and iNOS and decreased MPO levels in lung tissues. Moreover, nicorandil abolished oxidative and nitrosative stress via reducing levels of pulmonary MDA and NOx concomitant with elevating levels of pulmonary GSH and SOD. Meanwhile, nicorandil decreased the levels of TNF-α and TGF-β, up regulated Nrf-2 and HO-1 levels in BALF suggesting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties. In summary, nicorandil can confer protection against silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. This impact might be due to its ability to down regulate the production of inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines in addition to restoring oxidant/antioxidant balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia H El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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8
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Ozturk H, Firat T, Tekce BK, Yilmaz F, Ozturk H. Effects of nicorandil on renal function and histopathology in rats with partial unilateral ureteral obstruction. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:236-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Mohamed SS, Ahmed LA, Attia WA, Khattab MM. Nicorandil enhances the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in isoproterenol-induced heart failure in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:403-11. [PMID: 26453143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising technique for regenerative medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics. However, the results have been less than optimal. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether nicorandil could offer an additional benefit over bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage and its progression to heart failure in rats. Isoproterenol was injected subcutaneously for 2 consecutive days at doses of 85 and 170 mg/kg/day, respectively. Nicorandil (3 mg/kg/day) was then given orally with or without a single intravenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell administration. Electrocardiography and echocardiography were recorded 2 weeks after the beginning of treatment. Rats were then sacrificed and the ventricle was isolated for estimation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta. Moreover, protein expressions of caspase-3, connexin-43 as well as endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases were evaluated. Finally, histological studies of myocardial fibrosis and blood vessel density were performed and cryosections were done for estimation cell homing. Combined nicorandil/bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy provided an additional improvement compared to cell therapy alone toward reducing isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation. Notably, combined therapy induced significant increase in angiogenesis and cell homing and prevented isoproterenol-induced changes in contractility and apoptotic markers. In conclusion, combined nicorandil/bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy was superior to cell therapy alone toward preventing isoproterenol-induced heart failure in rats through creation of a supportive environment for mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Wael A Attia
- Pediatric Department, Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Abou EL-Reesh Children Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M Khattab
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Role of the KATP channel in the protective effect of nicorandil on cyclophosphamide-induced lung and testicular toxicity in rats. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14043. [PMID: 26403947 PMCID: PMC4585895 DOI: 10.1038/srep14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is the first to investigate the role of the KATP channel in the possible protection mediated by nicorandil against cyclophosphamide-induced lung and testicular toxicity in rats. Animals received cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 2 consecutive days and then were untreated for the following 5 days. Nicorandil (3 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was administered starting from the day of cyclophosphamide injection with or without glibenclamide (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.). Nicorandil administration significantly reduced the cyclophosphamide-induced deterioration of testicular function, as demonstrated by increases in the level of serum testosterone and the activities of the testicular 3β- hydroxysteroid, 17β-hydroxysteroid and sorbitol dehydrogenases. Furthermore, nicorandil significantly alleviated oxidative stress (as determined by lipid peroxides and reduced glutathione levels and total antioxidant capacity), as well as inflammatory markers (tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β), in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and testicular tissue. Finally, the therapy decreased the levels of fibrogenic markers (transforming growth factor-β and hydroxyproline) and ameliorated the histological alterations (as assessed by lung fibrosis grading and testicular Johnsen scores). The co-administration of glibenclamide (a KATP channel blocker) blocked the protective effects of nicorandil. In conclusion, KATP channel activation plays an important role in the protective effect of nicorandil against cyclophosphamide-induced lung and testicular toxicity.
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Shiraishi T, Tamura Y, Taniguchi K, Higaki M, Ueda S, Shima T, Nagura M, Nakagawa T, Johnson RJ, Uchida S. Combination of ACE inhibitor with nicorandil provides further protection in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1313-22. [PMID: 25320353 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00521.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An inhibition in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the most widely used therapies to treat chronic kidney disease. However, its effect is occasionally not sufficient and additional treatments may be required. Recently, we reported that nicorandil exhibited renoprotective effects in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. Here we examined if nicorandil can provide an additive protection on enalapril in chronic kidney disease. Single treatment with either enalapril or nicorandil significantly ameliorated glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury in the rat remnant kidney while the combination of these two compounds provided additive effects. In addition, an increase in oxidative stress in remnant kidney was also blocked by either enalapril or nicorandil while the combination of the drugs was more potent. A mechanism was likely due for nicorandil to preventing manganase superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and sirtuin (Sirt)3 from being reduced in injured kidneys. A study with cultured podocytes indicated that the antioxidative effect could be mediated through sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) in the mitochondrial KATP channel since blocking SUR with glibenclamide reduced MnSOD and Sirt3 expression in podocytes. In conclusion, nicorandil may synergize with enalapril to provide superior protection in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shiraishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifuru Tamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Taniguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Higaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuko Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michito Nagura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- TMK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shunya Uchida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;
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Tashiro Y, Yogo K, Serizawa K, Endo K. Nicorandil suppresses urinary protein excretion and activates eNOS in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Nephrol 2014; 19:343-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-014-0998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Prostatic ischemia induces ventral prostatic hyperplasia in the SHR; possible mechanism of development of BPH. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3822. [PMID: 24448152 PMCID: PMC3897960 DOI: 10.1038/srep03822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the light of increasing evidence that benign prostatic hyperplasia is associated with cardiovascular disease, we have investigated the relationship between prostatic blood flow and prostatic hyperplasia in the spontaneously-hypertensive-rat (SHR). Twelve-week-old male SHRs were treated with nicorandil for six weeks. Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as controls. Six weeks after nicorandil treatment, blood pressure and the prostatic blood flow were estimated, and tissue levels of malondialdehyde, HIF-1α, TGF-β1, bFGF, dihydrotestosterone, and α-SMA were measured. SHRs showed significant increases in blood pressure, tissue levels of malondialdehyde, HIF-1α, TGF-β1, bFGF, α-SMA and a significant decrease in the prostatic blood flow. Although treatment with nicorandil failed to alter the blood-pressure and α-SMA, it significantly ameliorated the increased levels of malondialdehyde, HIF-1α, TGF-β1, and bFGF. There were no significant differences in tissue levels of dihydrotestosterone among any groups. These data indicate that development of prostatic hyperplasia may be associated with prostatic hypoxia, which nicorandil prevents via its effect to increase the blood flow.
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Zhang YJ, Zhang AQ, Zhao XX, Tian ZL, Yao L. Nicorandil protects against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in newborn rat kidney. Pharmacology 2013; 92:245-56. [PMID: 24247737 DOI: 10.1159/000355060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the predominant cause of acute kidney injury. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. The current study investigated the effects of nicorandil on ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and the potential signal transduction pathway(s) in a rat kidney IRI model and in cultured tubular HK-2 cells subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury. The standard procedure for IRI was performed in newborn rat kidneys. Pretreatment with nicorandil (10 mg/kg) 2 h prior to induction of IRI improved renal function, attenuated tubule damage, and prevented apoptosis of tubule cells, infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and production of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17 and tumour necrosis factor-α. Ischaemia-reperfusion-induced reduction of KIR6.2 was restored to normal levels by nicorandil. The activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-nuclear factor (NF)-κB axis was detected in this rat kidney IRI model, which was blocked by nicorandil. The renoprotection of nicorandil against IRI was abolished by its inhibitor glibenclamide (1 mg/kg). Similar results were obtained in OGD/R-damaged HK-2 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrated the specific renoprotective role of nicorandil in the newborn rat IRI kidney by decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines, and restoring the expression of KIR6.2 potentially through the PI3K-Akt-NF-κB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliate Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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de Paula NA, Niwa AM, Vesenick DC, Panis C, Cecchini R, de Fátima A, Ribeiro LR, Mantovani MS. Evaluation of the effects of nicorandil and its molecular precursor (without radical NO) on proliferation and apoptosis of 786-cell. Cytotechnology 2013; 65:839-50. [PMID: 23325113 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicorandil is a nitric oxide (NO) donor used in the treatment of angina symptoms. It has also been reported to protect cells and affect the proliferation and death of cells in some tissues. The molecules that interfere with these processes can cause dysfunction in healthy tissues but can also assist in the therapy of some disorders. In this study we examined the effect of nicorandil and of the molecular precursor that does not have the NO radical (N-(beta-hydroxyethyl) nicotinamide) on the cell proliferation and death of human renal carcinoma cells (786-O) under normal oxygenation conditions. The molecular precursor was used in order to analyze the effects independents of NO. In the cytotoxicity test, nicorandil was shown to be cytotoxic at very high concentrations and it was more cytotoxic than its precursor (cytotoxic at concentrations of 2,000 and 3,000 μg/mL, respectively). We propose that the lower cytotoxicity of the precursor is due to the absence of the NO radical. In this study, the cells exposed to nicorandil showed neither statistically significant changes in cell proliferation nor increases in apoptosis or genotoxicity. The precursor generated similar results to those of nicorandil. We conclude that nicorandil causes no changes in the proliferation or apoptosis of the cell 786-O in normal oxygenation conditions. Moreover, the lack of NO radical in the precursor molecule did not show a different result, except in the cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Aparecida de Paula
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, CEP 86055-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil,
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Serizawa K, Yogo K, Tashiro Y, Koike N, Aizawa K, Hirata M, Ishizuka N. Nicorandil Ameliorated Hypertensive Renal Injury without Lowering Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Pharmacology 2013; 91:92-103. [DOI: 10.1159/000345811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Tamura Y, Tanabe K, Kitagawa W, Uchida S, Schreiner GF, Johnson RJ, Nakagawa T. Nicorandil, a Katp channel opener, alleviates chronic renal injury by targeting podocytes and macrophages. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F339-49. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00158.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicorandil exhibits a protective effect in the vascular system, which is thought to be due to vasodilatation from opening ATP-dependent potassium channels and donation of nitric oxide. Recently, nicorandil was shown to be renoprotective in models of acute kidney injury and glomerulonephritis. However, the specific mechanisms of renoprotection are unclear. We evaluated the effect of nicorandil on the rat remnant kidney model of chronic kidney disease. Blood pressure was unchanged by a 10-wk course of nicorandil, while albuminuria was significantly reduced. Glomerular injury and tubulointerstitial injury were also ameliorated by nicorandil. Oxidative stress, as noted by renal nitrotyrosine level and urine 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, were elevated in this model and was significantly reduced by nicorandil treatment. Treatment was associated with maintenance of the mitochondrial antioxidant, manganese SOD, in podocytes and with suppression of xanthine oxidase expression in infiltrating macrophages. Interestingly, these two cell types express sulfonylurea receptor 2 (SUR2), a binding site of nicorandil in the ATP-dependent K channel. Consistently, we found that stimulating SUR2 with nicorandil prevented angiotensin II-mediated upregulation of xanthine oxidase in the cultured macrophage, while xanthine oxidase expression was rather induced by blocking SUR2 with glibenclamide. In conclusion, nicorandil reduces albuminuria and ameliorates renal injury by blocking oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifuru Tamura
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katsuyuki Tanabe
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wataru Kitagawa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shunya Uchida
- Division of Renal Disease, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | | | - Richard J. Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Tanabe K, Lanaspa MA, Kitagawa W, Rivard CJ, Miyazaki M, Klawitter J, Schreiner GF, Saleem MA, Mathieson PW, Makino H, Johnson RJ, Nakagawa T. Nicorandil as a novel therapy for advanced diabetic nephropathy in the eNOS-deficient mouse. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 302:F1151-60. [PMID: 22338086 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00596.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicorandil is an orally available drug that can act as a nitric oxide donor, an antioxidant, and an ATP-dependent K channel activator. We hypothesized that it may have a beneficial role in treating diabetic nephropathy. We administered nicorandil to a model of advanced diabetic nephropathy (the streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOSKO); controls included diabetic eNOS KO mice without nicorandil and nondiabetic eNOS KO mice treated with either nicorandil or vehicle. Mice were treated for 8 wk. Histology, blood pressure, and renal function were determined. Additional studies involved examining the effects of nicorandil on cultured human podocytes. Here, we found that nicorandil did not affect blood glucose levels, blood pressure, or systemic endothelial function, but significantly reduced proteinuria and glomerular injury (mesangiolysis and glomerulosclerosis). Nicorandil protected against podocyte loss and podocyte oxidative stress. Studies in cultured podocytes showed that nicorandil likely protects against glucose-mediated oxidant stress via the ATP-dependent K channel as opposed to its NO-stimulating effects. In conclusion, nicorandil may be beneficial in diabetic nephropathy by preserving podocyte function. We recommend clinical trials to determine whether nicorandil may benefit diabetic nephropathy or other conditions associated with podocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Tanabe
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, C281, 12900E 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Wan YG, Zhao Q, Sun W, Zhang HL, Li M, Wei QX, Wu W, Yue LJ, Wang Q. Contrasting Dose–Effects of Multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii HOOK. f. on Glomerular Inflammation and Hepatic Damage in Two Types of Anti-Thy1.1 Glomerulonephritis. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:433-46. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11157fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Araujo LP, Truzzi RR, Mendes GEF, Luz MAM, Burdmann EA, Oliani SM. Annexin A1 protein attenuates cyclosporine-induced renal hemodynamics changes and macrophage infiltration in rats. Inflamm Res 2011; 61:189-96. [PMID: 22101490 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclosporine (CsA) remains an important immunosuppressant for transplantation and for treatment of autoimmune diseases. The most troublesome side effect of CsA is renal injury. Acute CsA-induced nephrotoxicity is characterized by reduced renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) due to afferent arteriole vasoconstriction. Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a potent anti-inflammatory protein with protective effect in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Here we study the effects of ANXA1 treatment in an experimental model of acute CsA nephrotoxicity. METHODS Salt-depleted rats were randomized to treatment with VH (vehicles 1 mL/kg body weight/day), ANXA1 (Ac2-26 peptide 1 mg/kg body weight/day intraperitoneally), CsA (20 mg/kg body weight/day subcutaneously) and CsA + ANXA1 (combination) for seven days. We compared renal function and hemodynamics, renal histopathology, renal tissue macrophage infiltration and renal ANXA1 expression between the four groups. RESULTS CsA significantly impaired GFR and RBF, caused tubular dilation and macrophage infiltration and increased ANXA1 renal tissue expression. Treatment with ANXA1 attenuated CSA-induced hemodynamic changes, tubular injury and macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSION ANXA1 treatment attenuated renal hemodynamic injury and inflammation in an acute CsA nephrotoxicity model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Pires Araujo
- Post-Graduation Program in Morphology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Shimizu S, Saito M, Kinoshita Y, Ohmasa F, Dimitriadis F, Shomori K, Hayashi A, Satoh K. Nicorandil ameliorates ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat kidney. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:272-82. [PMID: 21250976 PMCID: PMC3087131 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nicorandil, an ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP) ) channel opener and nitric oxide donor, is used in the treatment of angina and acute heart failure. Here we investigated the effects of two K(ATP) channel openers, nicorandil and cromakalim on ischaemia reperfusion (I-R) injury in the kidney. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Right nephrectomy was performed in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats and they were then divided into six groups: control group; I-R, including 30 min of left renal ischaemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion; I-R groups plus nicorandil 3 or 10 mg·kg⁻¹ i.p.; and I-R groups plus cromakalim 100 or 300 µg·kg⁻¹ i.p. After reperfusion, renal function was estimated by serum creatinine (SCr), urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) and urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG). Levels of K(ATP) channel subtypes were investigated by Western blot. Kidney sections were stained for 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. KEY RESULTS Renal I-R induced significant increases in SCr, ACR and β2-MG levels compared with the control animals. Treatment with K(ATP) channel openers reduced urinary β2-MG levels, raised by I-R. Both K(IR) 6.1 and K(IR) 6.2 channels were expressed. Expression of K(IR) 6.2 channels in the I-R group was lower than in the control group, which was restored to normal by treatment with K(ATP) channel openers. Histologically, severe acute tubular damage was observed in the I-R kidney and this damage was ameliorated by K(ATP) channel openers, dose-dependently. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers protected against proximal tubule damage after I-R injury. Nicorandil could represent a powerful additional component in the treatment of patients undergoing partial nephrectomy or renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Tottori University School of MedicineYonago, Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Tottori University School of MedicineYonago, Japan
| | - Yukako Kinoshita
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Tottori University School of MedicineYonago, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ohmasa
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Tottori University School of MedicineYonago, Japan
| | - Fotios Dimitriadis
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Tottori University School of MedicineYonago, Japan
| | - Kohei Shomori
- Division of Organ Pathology, Tottori University School of MedicineYonago, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonago Medical CenterYonago, Japan
| | - Keisuke Satoh
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Tottori University School of MedicineYonago, Japan
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