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Carrara E, Soliveri L, Poloni S, Bozzetto M, Campiglio CE. Effects of high-frequency mechanical stimuli on flow related vascular cell biology. Int J Artif Organs 2024:3913988241268105. [PMID: 39166431 DOI: 10.1177/03913988241268105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical forces related to blood pressure and flow patterns play a crucial role in vascular homeostasis. Perturbations in vascular stresses and strain resulting from changes in hemodynamic may occur in pathological conditions, leading to vascular dysfunction as well as in vascular prosthesis, arteriovenous shunt for hemodialysis and in mechanical circulation support. Turbulent-like blood flows can induce high-frequency vibrations of the vessel wall, and this stimulus has recently gained attention as potential contributors to vascular pathologies, such as development of intimal hyperplasia in arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis. However, the biological response of vascular cells to this stimulus remains incompletely understood. This review provides an analysis of the existing literature concerning the impact of high-frequency stimuli on vascular cell morphology, function, and gene expression. Morphological and functional investigations reveal that vascular cells stimulated at frequencies higher than the normal heart rate exhibit alterations in cell shape, alignment, and proliferation, potentially leading to vessel remodeling. Furthermore, vibrations modulate endothelial and smooth muscle cells gene expression, affecting pathways related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and muscle hypertrophy. Understanding the effects of high-frequency vibrations on vascular cells is essential for unraveling the mechanisms underlying vascular diseases and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, there are still gaps in our understanding of the molecular pathways governing these cellular responses. Further research is necessary to elucidate these mechanisms and their therapeutic implications for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carrara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luca Soliveri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sofia Poloni
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy
| | - Michela Bozzetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Chiara Emma Campiglio
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy
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2
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Belhoul-Fakir H, Brown ML, Thompson PL, Hamzah J, Jansen S. Connecting the Dots: How Injury in the Arterial Wall Contributes to Atherosclerotic Disease. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1092-1098. [PMID: 37891144 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The occurrence and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which can result in severe outcomes, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, loss of limb, renal failure, and infarction of the gut, are strongly associated with injury to the intimal component of the arterial wall whether via the inside-out or outside-in pathways. The role of injury to the tunica media as a pathway of atherosclerosis initiation is an underresearched area. This review focuses on potential pathways to vessel wall injury as well as current experimental and clinical research in the middle-aged and elderly populations, including the role of exercise, as it relates to injury to the tunica media. METHODS A database search using PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted for research articles published between 1909 and 2023 that focused on pathways of atherogenesis and the impact of mechanical forces on wall injury. The following key words were searched: wall injury, tunica media, atherogenesis, vascular aging, and wall strain. Studies were analyzed, and the relevant information was extracted from each study. FINDINGS A link between high mechanical stress in the arterial wall and reduced vascular compliance was found. The stiffening and calcification of the arterial wall with aging induce high blood pressure and pulse pressure, thereby causing incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In turn, prolonged high mechanical stress, particularly wall strain, applied to the arterial wall during vigorous exercise, results in stiffening and calcification of tunica media, accelerated arterial aging, and cardiovascular disease events. In both scenarios, the tunica media is the primary target of mechanical stress and the first to respond to hemodynamic changes. The cyclical nature of these impacts confounds the results of each because they are not mutually exclusive. IMPLICATIONS The role of stress in the tunica media appears to be overlooked despite its relevance, and further research into new primary preventive therapies is needed aside from cautioning the role of vigorous exercise in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Belhoul-Fakir
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Heart & Vascular Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Michael Lawrence Brown
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bently, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter L Thompson
- Heart & Vascular Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Juliana Hamzah
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Heart & Vascular Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shirley Jansen
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Heart & Vascular Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Andreeva VD, Ehlers H, R C AK, Presselt M, J van den Broek L, Bonnet S. Combining nitric oxide and calcium sensing for the detection of endothelial dysfunction. Commun Chem 2023; 6:179. [PMID: 37644120 PMCID: PMC10465535 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and are not typically diagnosed until the disease has manifested. Endothelial dysfunction is an early, reversible precursor in the irreversible development of cardiovascular diseases and is characterized by a decrease in nitric oxide production. We believe that more reliable and reproducible methods are necessary for the detection of endothelial dysfunction. Both nitric oxide and calcium play important roles in the endothelial function. Here we review different types of molecular sensors used in biological settings. Next, we review the current nitric oxide and calcium sensors available. Finally, we review methods for using both sensors for the detection of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haley Ehlers
- Mimetas B.V., De limes 7, 2342 DH, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aswin Krishna R C
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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4
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Sakamoto A, Suwa K, Kawakami R, Finn AV, Maekawa Y, Virmani R, Finn AV. Significance of Intra-plaque Hemorrhage for the Development of High-Risk Vulnerable Plaque: Current Understanding from Basic to Clinical Points of View. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13298. [PMID: 37686106 PMCID: PMC10487895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndromes due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Intra-plaque hemorrhage (IPH), caused by disruption of intra-plaque leaky microvessels, is one of the major contributors of plaque progression, causing a sudden increase in plaque volume and eventually plaque destabilization. IPH and its healing processes are highly complex biological events that involve interactions between multiple types of cells in the plaque, including erythrocyte, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Recent investigations have unveiled detailed molecular mechanisms by which IPH leads the development of high-risk "vulnerable" plaque. Current advances in clinical diagnostic imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance image and intra-coronary optical coherence tomography, increasingly allow us to identify IPH in vivo. To date, retrospective and prospective clinical trials have revealed the significance of IPH as detected by various imaging modalities as a reliable prognostic indicator of high-risk plaque. In this review article, we discuss recent advances in our understanding for the significance of IPH on the development of high-risk plaque from basic to clinical points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sakamoto
- CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.S.); (R.K.); (A.V.F.); (R.V.)
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3125, Japan; (K.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kenichiro Suwa
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3125, Japan; (K.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Rika Kawakami
- CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.S.); (R.K.); (A.V.F.); (R.V.)
| | - Alexandra V. Finn
- CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.S.); (R.K.); (A.V.F.); (R.V.)
| | - Yuichiro Maekawa
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3125, Japan; (K.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Renu Virmani
- CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.S.); (R.K.); (A.V.F.); (R.V.)
| | - Aloke V. Finn
- CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.S.); (R.K.); (A.V.F.); (R.V.)
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5
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Xu S, Wang F, Mai P, Peng Y, Shu X, Nie R, Zhang H. Mechanism Analysis of Vascular Calcification Based on Fluid Dynamics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2632. [PMID: 37627891 PMCID: PMC10453151 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is the abnormal deposition of calcium phosphate complexes in blood vessels, which is regarded as the pathological basis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. The flowing blood exerts a frictional force called shear stress on the vascular wall. Blood vessels have different hydrodynamic properties due to discrepancies in geometric and mechanical properties. The disturbance of the blood flow in the bending area and the branch point of the arterial tree produces a shear stress lower than the physiological magnitude of the laminar shear stress, which can induce the occurrence of vascular calcification. Endothelial cells sense the fluid dynamics of blood and transmit electrical and chemical signals to the full-thickness of blood vessels. Through crosstalk with endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells trigger osteogenic transformation, involved in mediating vascular intima and media calcification. In addition, based on the detection of fluid dynamics parameters, emerging imaging technologies such as 4D Flow MRI and computational fluid dynamics have greatly improved the early diagnosis ability of cardiovascular diseases, showing extremely high clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (P.M.)
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (P.M.)
| | - Peibiao Mai
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (P.M.)
| | - Yanren Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.P.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaorong Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.P.); (X.S.)
| | - Ruqiong Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.P.); (X.S.)
| | - Huanji Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (P.M.)
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Di X, Gao X, Peng L, Ai J, Jin X, Qi S, Li H, Wang K, Luo D. Cellular mechanotransduction in health and diseases: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:282. [PMID: 37518181 PMCID: PMC10387486 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular mechanotransduction, a critical regulator of numerous biological processes, is the conversion from mechanical signals to biochemical signals regarding cell activities and metabolism. Typical mechanical cues in organisms include hydrostatic pressure, fluid shear stress, tensile force, extracellular matrix stiffness or tissue elasticity, and extracellular fluid viscosity. Mechanotransduction has been expected to trigger multiple biological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue repair and regeneration. However, prolonged excessive mechanical stimulation can result in pathological processes, such as multi-organ fibrosis, tumorigenesis, and cancer immunotherapy resistance. Although the associations between mechanical cues and normal tissue homeostasis or diseases have been identified, the regulatory mechanisms among different mechanical cues are not yet comprehensively illustrated, and no effective therapies are currently available targeting mechanical cue-related signaling. This review systematically summarizes the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of typical mechanical cues in normal conditions and diseases with the updated evidence. The key effectors responding to mechanical stimulations are listed, such as Piezo channels, integrins, Yes-associated protein (YAP) /transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). We also reviewed the key signaling pathways, therapeutic targets and cutting-edge clinical applications of diseases related to mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Di
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshuai Gao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Liao Peng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Deyi Luo
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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Murali A, Sarkar RR. Mechano-immunology in microgravity. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2023; 37:50-64. [PMID: 37087179 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Life on Earth has evolved to thrive in the Earth's natural gravitational field; however, as space technology advances, we must revisit and investigate the effects of unnatural conditions on human health, such as gravitational change. Studies have shown that microgravity has a negative impact on various systemic parts of humans, with the effects being more severe in the human immune system. Increasing costs, limited experimental time, and sample handling issues hampered our understanding of this field. To address the existing knowledge gap and provide confidence in modelling the phenomena, in this review, we highlight experimental works in mechano-immunology under microgravity and different computational modelling approaches that can be used to address the existing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Murali
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ram Rup Sarkar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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8
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Su CH, Chen SP, Chen LY, Yang JJ, Lee YC, Lee SS, Chen HH, Ng YY, Kuan YH. 3-Bromofluoranthene-induced cardiotoxicity of zebrafish and apoptosis in the vascular endothelial cells via intrinsic and extrinsic caspase-dependent pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112962. [PMID: 34775346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluoranthene, a high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is widely present in air pollutants, including fine inhalable particulate matter. 3-Bromofluoranthene (3-BrFlu), which is a brominated fluoranthene and halogenated PAH, is generated from waste combustion, metallurgical processes, cement production, e-waste dismantling, and photoreaction. Vascular endothelial cells have key functions in the homeostasis and the development of the cardiovascular system. The zebrafish model has been widely employed to study cardiotoxicity and embryotoxicity. However, no evidence has indicated that 3-BrFlu induces cytotoxicity in vascular endothelial cells, or cardiotoxicity and embryotoxicity in zebrafish. In this study, 3-BrFlu induced concentration-dependent changes in embryo- and cardiotoxicity. Cytotoxicity was also induced by 3-BrFlu in a concentration-dependent manner through apoptosis and necrosis in vascular endothelial cells, SVEC4-10 cells. The activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9 were induced by 3-BrFlu via an intrinsic pathway constituting Bcl-2 downregulation, Bad upregulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction; the extrinsic pathway included the expression of death receptors, including tumour necrosis factor α and Fas receptors. These results indicated that 3-BrFlu caused cardio- and embryotoxicity in zebrafish through vascular endothelial cells cytotoxicity resulting from caspase-dependent apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-You Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiann-Jou Yang
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chia Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Hung Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine and public health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Chung Sheng Clinic, Nantou, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Yan Ng
- Department of Pediatric, Chung Kang branch, Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Hariri M, Baradaran HR, Gholami A. The effect of soy protein containing soy isoflavones on serum concentration of cell adhesion molecules: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2021; 61:102764. [PMID: 34333131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy protein in combination with soy isoflavones might reduce the serum concentration of inflammatory mediators. In this study, we attempted to summarize the effect of soy protein combined with soy isoflavones on circulating E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in adults. METHODS Clinicaltrials.gov, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for English articles with no time limit regarding publication up to December 2020. Thereafter, the mean changes from baseline and their standard deviations (SDs) for both intervention and comparison groups were used to calculate the effect size. We used DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model if the heterogeneity test was statistically significant. Cochran's Q test and I-squared statistic were also used to calculate the statistical heterogeneity of the intervention effects. RESULTS Eight articles were found as eligible for this study. The treatment duration was between 6 and 24 weeks. Soy isoflavones dose was in a range of 30-112 mg/day and soy protein dose was in a range of 11.25-52 g/day. Overall, taking soy protein supplements containing soy isoflavones was not associated with changes in cell adhesion molecules, E-selectin, ICAM-1, or VCAM-1 (WMD = 0.65, 95 % CI: -2.58, 3.89; p = 0.692; WMD = 2.68, 95 % CI: -0.98, 6.34; p = 0.151; WMD = 2.66, 95 % CI: -6.28, 11.61; p = 0.559, respectively). CONCLUSION The combination of soy protein and soy isoflavones was not significantly associated with changes in levels of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. However, we need more studies with a large sample size and more participants with different age categories in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Hariri
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Fukuda M, Fukuda S, Ando J, Yamamoto K, Yonemoto N, Suzuki T, Niwa Y, Inoue T, Satoh-Asahara N, Hasegawa K, Shimatsu A, Tsukahara T. Disruption of P2X4 purinoceptor and suppression of the inflammation associated with cerebral aneurysm formation. J Neurosurg 2021; 134:102-114. [PMID: 31860812 DOI: 10.3171/2019.9.jns19270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are no effective therapeutic drugs for cerebral aneurysms, partly because the pathogenesis remains unresolved. Chronic inflammation of the cerebral arterial wall plays an important role in aneurysm formation, but it is not clear what triggers the inflammation. The authors have observed that vascular endothelial P2X4 purinoceptor is involved in flow-sensitive mechanisms that regulate vascular remodeling. They have thus hypothesized that shear stress-associated hemodynamic stress on the endothelium causes the inflammatory process in the cerebral aneurysm development. METHODS To test their hypothesis, the authors examined the role of P2X4 in cerebral aneurysm development by using P2X4-/- mice and rats that were treated with a P2X4 inhibitor, paroxetine, and subjected to aneurysm-inducing surgery. Cerebral aneurysms were induced by unilateral carotid artery ligation and renovascular hypertension. RESULTS The frequency of aneurysm induction evaluated by light microscopy was significantly lower in the P2X4-/- mice (p = 0.0488) and in the paroxetine-treated male (p = 0.0253) and female (p = 0.0204) rats compared to control mice and rats, respectively. In addition, application of paroxetine from 2 weeks after surgery led to a significant reduction in aneurysm size in the rats euthanized 3 weeks after aneurysm-inducing surgery (p = 0.0145), indicating that paroxetine suppressed enlargement of formed aneurysms. The mRNA and protein expression levels of known inflammatory contributors to aneurysm formation (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα], inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], and cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2]) were all significantly elevated in the rats that underwent the aneurysm-inducing surgery compared to the nonsurgical group, and the values in the surgical group were all significantly decreased by paroxetine administration according to quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques and Western blotting. Although immunolabeling densities for COX-2, iNOS, and MCP-1 were not readily observed in the nonsurgical mouse groups, such densities were clearly seen in the arterial wall of P2X4+/+ mice after aneurysm-inducing surgery. In contrast, in the P2X4-/- mice after the surgery, immunolabeling of COX-2 and iNOS was not observed in the arterial wall, whereas that of MCP-1 was readily observed in the adventitia, but not the intima. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that P2X4 is required for the inflammation that contributes to both cerebral aneurysm formation and growth. Enhanced shear stress-associated hemodynamic stress on the vascular endothelium may trigger cerebral aneurysm development. Paroxetine may have potential for the clinical treatment of cerebral aneurysms, given that this agent exhibits efficacy as a clinical antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Fukuda
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto
| | - Shunichi Fukuda
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto
| | - Joji Ando
- 3Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu City, Tochigi
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
| | | | - Takashi Suzuki
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto
- 6Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto; and
| | - Youko Niwa
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto
| | - Takayuki Inoue
- 7Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- 7Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute
| | | | - Akira Shimatsu
- 9Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsukahara
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto
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It takes more than two to tango: mechanosignaling of the endothelial surface. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:419-433. [PMID: 32239285 PMCID: PMC7165135 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial surface is a highly flexible signaling hub which is able to sense the hemodynamic forces of the streaming blood. The subsequent mechanosignaling is basically mediated by specific structures, like the endothelial glycocalyx building the top surface layer of endothelial cells as well as mechanosensitive ion channels within the endothelial plasma membrane. The mechanical properties of the endothelial cell surface are characterized by the dynamics of cytoskeletal proteins and play a key role in the process of signal transmission from the outside (lumen of the blood vessel) to the interior of the cell. Thus, the cell mechanics directly interact with the function of mechanosensitive structures and ion channels. To precisely maintain the vascular tone, a coordinated functional interdependency between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells is necessary. This is given by the fact that mechanosensitive ion channels are expressed in both cell types and that signals are transmitted via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms from layer to layer. Thus, the outer layer of the endothelial cells can be seen as important functional mechanosensitive and reactive cellular compartment. This review aims to describe the known mechanosensitive structures of the vessel building a bridge between the important role of physiological mechanosignaling and the proper vascular function. Since mutations and dysfunction of mechanosensitive proteins are linked to vascular pathologies such as hypertension, they play a potent role in the field of channelopathies and mechanomedicine.
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12
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The Role of the Primary Cilium in Sensing Extracellular pH. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070704. [PMID: 31336778 PMCID: PMC6679169 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensors on the membrane of the vascular endothelium are responsible for sensing mechanical and chemical signals in the blood. Transduction of these stimuli into intracellular signaling cascades regulate cellular processes including ion transport, gene expression, cell proliferation, and/or cell death. The primary cilium is a well-known biosensor of shear stress but its role in sensing extracellular pH change has never been examined. As a cellular extension into the immediate microenvironment, the cilium could be a prospective sensor for changes in pH and regulator of acid response in cells. We aim to test our hypothesis that the primary cilium plays the role of an acid sensor in cells using vascular endothelial and embryonic fibroblast cells as in vitro models. We measure changes in cellular pH using pH-sensitive 2',7'-biscarboxyethy1-5,6-carboxyfluorescein acetoxy-methylester (BCECF) fluorescence and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity to quantify responses to both extracellular pH (pHo) and intracellular pH (pHi) changes. Our studies show that changes in pHo affect pHi in both wild-type and cilia-less Tg737 cells and that the kinetics of the pHi response are similar in both cells. Acidic pHo or pHi was observed to change the length of primary cilia in wild-type cells while the cilia in Tg737 remained absent. Vascular endothelial cells respond to acidic pH through activation of ERK1/2 and p38-mediated signaling pathways. The cilia-less Tg737 cells exhibit delayed responsiveness to pHo dependent and independent pHi acidification as depicted in the phosphorylation profile of ERK1/2 and p38. Otherwise, intracellular pH homeostatic response to acidic pHo is similar between wild-type and Tg737 cells, indicating that the primary cilia may not be the sole sensor for physiological pH changes. These endothelial cells respond to pH changes with a predominantly K+-dependent pHi recovery mechanism, regardless of ciliary presence or absence.
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High shear stress on the coronary arterial wall is related to computed tomography-derived high-risk plaque: a three-dimensional computed tomography and color-coded tissue-characterizing intravascular ultrasonography study. Heart Vessels 2019; 34:1429-1439. [PMID: 30976923 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Low wall shear stress (WSS) is associated with plaque formation. However, the relationship between WSS and coronary plaque vulnerability remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the in vivo relationship between luminal WSS derived from three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) and plaque vulnerability within the coronary artery. Forty-three consecutive patients with ischemic heart disease and coronary stenotic lesions were enrolled and underwent coronary angiography and color-coded intravascular ultrasonography (iMap™) followed by multi-slice coronary CT angiography. CT-derived high-risk plaque was defined by specific CT characteristics, including low CT intensity (< 30 HU) and positive remodeling. The Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, repeated measures analysis of variance, and logistic and multiple regression were used for statistical analyses. CT-derived high-risk plaque (n = 15) had higher values of maximum and average shear stress than CT-derived stable plaque (474 ± 453 vs. 158 ± 138 Pa, p = 0.018; 4.2 ± 3.1 vs. 1.6 ± 1.2 Pa, p = 0.007, respectively). Compared with patients with CT-derived stable plaque, those with CT-derived high-risk plaque had a higher prevalence of necrotic and lipidic characteristics (44 ± 13 vs. 31 ± 11%, p = 0.001) based on iMap™. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the average WSS and necrotic plus lipidic content were independent determinants of CT-derived high-risk plaque (average WSS: odds ratio 2.996, p = 0.014; necrotic plus lipidic content: odds ratio 1.306, p = 0.036). Our findings suggested that CT-derived high-risk plaque may coexist with high shear stress on the plaque surface.
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14
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Synergistic interaction of sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis during zebrafish caudal vein plexus development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9840. [PMID: 29959335 PMCID: PMC6026200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) is a complementary method to sprouting angiogenesis (SA). The hallmark of IA is formation of trans-capillary tissue pillars, their fusion and remodeling of the vascular plexus. In this study, we investigate the formation of the zebrafish caudal vein plexus (CVP) in Tg(fli1a:eGFP)y7 and the synergistic interaction of IA and SA in crafting the archetypical angio-architecture of the CVP. Dynamic in vivo observations and quantitative analyses revealed that the primitive CVP during development was initiated through SA. Further vascular growth and remodeling occurred by IA. Intussusception contributed to the expansion of the CVP by formation of new pillars. Those pillars arose in front of the already existing ones; and in a subsequent step the serried pillars elongated and fused together. This resulted in segregation of larger vascular segments and remodelling of the disorganized vascular meshwork into hierarchical tree-like arrangement. Blood flow was the main driving force for IA, particularly shear stress geometry at the site of pillar formation and fusion. Computational simulations based on hemodynamics showed drop in shear stress levels at locations of new pillar formation, pillar elongation and fusion. Correlative 3D serial block face scanning electron microscopy confirmed the morphological substrate of the phenomena of the pillar formation observed in vivo. The data obtained demonstrates that after the sprouting phase and formation of the primitive capillary meshwork, the hemodynamic conditions enhance intussusceptive segregation of hierarchical vascular tree i.e. intussusceptive arborization resulting in complex vascular structures with specific angio-architecture.
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15
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In vivo Molecular Imaging of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II Expression in Re-endothelialisation after Percutaneous Balloon Denudation in a Rat Model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7411. [PMID: 29743623 PMCID: PMC5943322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The short- and long-term success of intravascular stents depends on a proper re-endothelialisation after the intervention-induced endothelial denudation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of in vivo molecular imaging of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII; identical with prostate-specific membrane antigen PSMA) expression as a marker of re-endothelialisation. Fifteen Sprague Dawley rats underwent unilateral balloon angioplasty of the common carotid artery (CCA). Positron emission tomography (PET) using the GCPII-targeting tracer [18F]DCFPyL was performed after 5-21 days (scan 60-120 min post injection). In two animals, the GCPII inhibitor PMPA (23 mg/kg BW) was added to the tracer solution. After PET, both CCAs were removed, dissected, and immunostained with the GCPII specific antibody YPSMA-1. Difference of GCPII expression between both CCAs was established by PCR analysis. [18F]DCFPyL uptake was significantly higher in the ipsilateral compared to the contralateral CCA with an ipsi-/contralateral ratio of 1.67 ± 0.39. PMPA blocked tracer binding. The selective expression of GCPII in endothelial cells of the treated CCA was confirmed by immunohistological staining. PCR analysis verified the site-specific GCPII expression. By using a molecular imaging marker of GCPII expression, we provide the first non-invasive in vivo delineation of re-endothelialisation after angioplasty.
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Burrage E, Marshall KL, Santanam N, Chantler PD. Cerebrovascular dysfunction with stress and depression. Brain Circ 2018; 4:43-53. [PMID: 30276336 PMCID: PMC6126243 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of adequate tissue perfusion through a dense network of cerebral microvessels is critical for the perseveration of normal brain function. Regulation of the cerebral blood flow has to ensure adequate delivery of nutrients and oxygen with moment-to-moment adjustments to avoid both hypo- and hyper-perfusion of the brain tissue. Even mild impairments of cerebral blood flow regulation can have significant implications on brain function. Evidence suggests that chronic stress and depression elicits multifaceted functional impairments to the cerebral microcirculation, which plays a critical role in brain health and the pathogenesis of stress-related cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular events. Identifying the functional and structural changes to the brain that are induced by stress is crucial for achieving a realistic understanding of how related illnesses, which are highly disabling and with a large economic cost, can be managed or reversed. This overview discusses the stress-induced alterations in neurovascular coupling with specific attention to cerebrovascular regulation (endothelial dependent and independent vasomotor function, microvessel density). The pathophysiological consequences of cerebral microvascular dysfunction with stress and depression are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Burrage
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kent L. Marshall
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Nalini Santanam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Paul D. Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
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17
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The Role of Endothelial Surface Glycocalyx in Mechanosensing and Transduction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1097:1-27. [PMID: 30315537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96445-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial cells (ECs) forming the inner wall of every blood vessel are constantly exposed to the mechanical forces generated by blood flow. The EC responses to these hemodynamic forces play a critical role in the homeostasis of the circulatory system. A variety of mechanosensors and transducers, locating on the EC surface, intra- and trans-EC membrane, and within the EC cytoskeleton, have thus been identified to ensure proper functions of ECs. Among them, the most recent candidate is the endothelial surface glycocalyx (ESG), which is a matrix-like thin layer covering the luminal surface of the EC. It consists of various proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and plasma proteins and is close to other prominent EC mechanosensors and transducers. This chapter summarizes the ESG composition, thickness, and structure observed by different labeling and visualization techniques and in different types of vessels. It also presents the literature in determining the ESG mechanical properties by atomic force microscopy and optical tweezers. The molecular mechanisms by which the ESG plays the role in EC mechanosensing and transduction are described as well as the ESG remodeling by shear stress, the actin cytoskeleton, the membrane rafts, the angiogenic factors, and the sphingosine-1-phosphate.
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18
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Taylor MS, Choi CS, Bayazid L, Glosemeyer KE, Baker CCP, Weber DS. Changes in vascular reactivity and endothelial Ca 2+ dynamics with chronic low flow. Microcirculation 2017; 24:10.1111/micc.12354. [PMID: 28106317 PMCID: PMC5404954 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of blood flow promotes endothelial dysfunction and predisposes vessels to remodeling and atherosclerosis. Recent findings suggest that spatial and temporal tuning of local Ca2+ signals along the endothelium is vital to vascular function. In this study, we examined whether chronic flow disruption causes alteration of dynamic endothelial Ca2+ signal patterning associated with changes in vascular structure and function. For these studies, we performed surgical PL of the left carotid arteries of mice to establish chronic low flow for 2 weeks; right carotid arteries remained open and served as controls (C). Histological sections showed substantial remodeling of PL compared to C arteries, including formation of neointima. Isometric force measurements revealed increased PE-induced contractions and decreased KCl-induced contractions in PL vs C arteries. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to ACh; 10-8 to 10-5 mol/L) was significantly impaired in PL vs C vessels. Evaluation of endothelial Ca2+ using confocal imaging and custom analysis exposed distinct impairment of Ca2+ dynamics in PL arteries, characterized by reduction in active sites and truncation of events, corresponding to attenuated vasorelaxation. Our findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction in developing vascular disease may be characterized by distinct shifts in the spatial and temporal patterns of localized Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Chung-Sik Choi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Leith Bayazid
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Katherine E Glosemeyer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Calvin C P Baker
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - David S Weber
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
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19
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Wang Y, Qiu J, Luo S, Xie X, Zheng Y, Zhang K, Ye Z, Liu W, Gregersen H, Wang G. High shear stress induces atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation through angiogenesis. Regen Biomater 2016; 3:257-67. [PMID: 27482467 PMCID: PMC4966293 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques causing thrombosis is the main cause of acute coronary syndrome and ischemic strokes. Inhibition of thrombosis is one of the important tasks developing biomedical materials such as intravascular stents and vascular grafts. Shear stress (SS) influences the formation and development of atherosclerosis. The current review focuses on the vulnerable plaques observed in the high shear stress (HSS) regions, which localizes at the proximal region of the plaque intruding into the lumen. The vascular outward remodelling occurs in the HSS region for vascular compensation and that angiogenesis is a critical factor for HSS which induces atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation. These results greatly challenge the established belief that low shear stress is important for expansive remodelling, which provides a new perspective for preventing the transition of stable plaques to high-risk atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Shisui Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Wanqian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Hans Gregersen
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
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20
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Aoki T. What senses shear stress? Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2016; 148:123. [PMID: 27478052 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.148.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Scholz B, Korn C, Wojtarowicz J, Mogler C, Augustin I, Boutros M, Niehrs C, Augustin HG. Endothelial RSPO3 Controls Vascular Stability and Pruning through Non-canonical WNT/Ca(2+)/NFAT Signaling. Dev Cell 2016; 36:79-93. [PMID: 26766444 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The WNT signaling enhancer R-spondin3 (RSPO3) is prominently expressed in the vasculature. Correspondingly, embryonic lethality of Rspo3-deficient mice is caused by vessel remodeling defects. Yet the mechanisms underlying vascular RSPO3 function remain elusive. Inducible endothelial Rspo3 deletion (Rspo3-iECKO) resulted in perturbed developmental and tumor vascular remodeling. Endothelial cell apoptosis and vascular pruning led to reduced microvessel density in Rspo3-iECKO mice. Rspo3-iECKO mice strikingly phenocopied the non-canonical WNT signaling-induced vascular defects of mice deleted for the WNT secretion factor Evi/Wls. An endothelial screen for RSPO3 and EVI/WLS co-regulated genes identified Rnf213, Usp18, and Trim30α. RNF213 targets filamin A and NFAT1 for proteasomal degradation attenuating non-canonical WNT/Ca(2+) signaling. Likewise, USP18 and TRIM5α inhibited NFAT1 activation. Consequently, NFAT protein levels were decreased in endothelial cells of Rspo3-iECKO mice and pharmacological NFAT inhibition phenocopied Rspo3-iECKO mice. The data identify endothelial RSPO3-driven non-canonical WNT/Ca(2+)/NFAT signaling as a critical maintenance pathway of the remodeling vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Scholz
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Korn
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Wojtarowicz
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Augustin
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DNA Demethylation, DNA Repair and Reprogramming, Institute of Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Luo H, Wang J, Qiao C, Ma N, Liu D, Zhang W. Pycnogenol attenuates atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism through the TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e191. [PMID: 26492950 PMCID: PMC4673476 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2015.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide and is characterized by lipid-laden foam cell formation. Recently, pycnogenol (PYC) has drawn much attention because of its prominent effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, its protective effect against atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanism remains undefined. Here PYC treatment reduced areas of plaque and lipid deposition in atherosclerotic mice, concomitant with decreases in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increases in HDL cholesterol levels, indicating a potential antiatherosclerotic effect of PYC through the regulation of lipid levels. Additionally, PYC preconditioning markedly decreased foam cell formation and lipid accumulation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human THP-1 monocytes. A mechanistic analysis indicated that PYC decreased the lipid-related protein expression of adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) and adipocyte lipid-binding protein (ALBP/aP2) in a dose-dependent manner. Further analysis confirmed that PYC attenuated LPS-induced lipid droplet formation via ADRP and ALBP expression through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, because pretreatment with anti-TLR4 antibody or a specific inhibitor of NF-κB (PDTC) strikingly mitigated the LPS-induced increase in ADRP and ALBP. Together, our results provide insight into the ability of PYC to attenuate bacterial infection-triggered pathological processes associated with atherosclerosis. Thus PYC may be a potential lead compound for the future development of antiatherosclerotic CVD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Chenhui Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Donghai Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
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23
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Golbidi S, Frisbee JC, Laher I. Chronic stress impacts the cardiovascular system: animal models and clinical outcomes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1476-98. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00859.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stresses are associated with cardiovascular diseases to the extent that cardiovascular diseases are among the most important group of psychosomatic diseases. The longstanding association between stress and cardiovascular disease exists despite a large ambiguity about the underlying mechanisms. An array of possibilities have been proposed including overactivity of the autonomic nervous system and humoral changes, which then converge on endothelial dysfunction that initiates unwanted cardiovascular consequences. We review some of the features of the two most important stress-activated systems, i.e., the humoral and nervous systems, and focus on alterations in endothelial function that could ensue as a result of these changes. Cardiac and hematologic consequences of stress are also addressed briefly. It is likely that activation of the inflammatory cascade in association with oxidative imbalance represents key pathophysiological components of stress-induced cardiovascular changes. We also review some of the commonly used animal models of stress and discuss the cardiovascular outcomes reported in these models of stress. The unique ability of animals for adaptation under stressful conditions lessens the extrapolation of laboratory findings to conditions of human stress. An animal model of unpredictable chronic stress, which applies various stress modules in a random fashion, might be a useful solution to this predicament. The use of stress markers as indicators of stress intensity is also discussed in various models of animal stress and in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Golbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and
| | - Jefferson C. Frisbee
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and
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24
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Hill-Eubanks DC, Gonzales AL, Sonkusare SK, Nelson MT. Vascular TRP channels: performing under pressure and going with the flow. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 29:343-60. [PMID: 25180264 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00009.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of resistance arteries mediate opposing responses to mechanical forces acting on the vasculature, promoting dilation in response to flow and constriction in response to pressure, respectively. In this review, we explore the role of TRP channels, particularly endothelial TRPV4 and smooth muscle TRPC6 and TRPM4 channels, in vascular mechanosensing circuits, placing their putative mechanosensitivity in context with other proposed upstream and downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert L Gonzales
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Mark T Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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Pisano M, Triacca V, Barbee KA, Swartz MA. An in vitro model of the tumor-lymphatic microenvironment with simultaneous transendothelial and luminal flows reveals mechanisms of flow enhanced invasion. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:525-33. [PMID: 25896438 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The most common cancers, including breast and skin, disseminate initially through the lymphatic system, yet the mechanisms by which tumor cells home towards, enter and interact with the lymphatic endothelium remain poorly understood. Transmural and luminal flows are important biophysical cues of the lymphatic microenvironment that can affect adhesion molecules, growth factors and chemokine expression as well as matrix remodeling, among others. Although microfluidic models are suitable for in vitro reconstruction of highly complex biological systems, the difficult assembly and operation of these systems often only allows a limited throughput. Here we present and characterize a novel flow chamber which recapitulates the lymphatic capillary microenvironment by coupling a standard Boyden chamber setup with a micro-channel and a controlled fluidic environment. The inclusion of luminal and transmural flow renders the model more biologically relevant, combining standard 3D culture techniques with advanced control of mechanical forces that are naturally present within the lymphatic microenvironment. The system can be monitored in real-time, allowing continuous quantification of different parameters of interest, such as cell intravasation and detachment from the endothelium, under varied biomechanical conditions. Moreover, the easy setup permits a medium-high throughput, thereby enabling downstream quantitative analyses. Using this model, we examined the kinetics of tumor cell (MDA-MB-231) invasion and transmigration dynamics across lymphatic endothelium under varying flow conditions. We found that luminal flow indirectly upregulates tumor cell transmigration rate via its effect on lymphatic endothelial cells. Moreover, we showed that the addition of transmural flow further increases intravasation, suggesting that distinct flow-mediated mechanisms regulate tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pisano
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Yen W, Cai B, Yang J, Zhang L, Zeng M, Tarbell JM, Fu BM. Endothelial surface glycocalyx can regulate flow-induced nitric oxide production in microvessels in vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117133. [PMID: 25575016 PMCID: PMC4289188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its unique location, the endothelial surface glycocalyx (ESG) at the luminal side of the microvessel wall may serve as a mechano-sensor and transducer of blood flow and thus regulate endothelial functions. To examine this role of the ESG, we used fluorescence microscopy to measure nitric oxide (NO) production in post-capillary venules and arterioles of rat mesentery under reduced (low) and normal (high) flow conditions, with and without enzyme pretreatment to remove heparan sulfate (HS) of the ESG and in the presence of an endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). Rats (SD, 250–300g) were anesthetized. The mesentery was gently taken out from the abdominal cavity and arranged on the surface of a glass coverslip for the measurement. An individual post-capillary venule or arteriole was cannulated and loaded for 45 min with 5 μM 4, 5-Diaminofluorescein diacetate, a membrane permeable fluorescent indictor for NO, then the NO production was measured for ~10 min under a low flow (~300 μm/s) and for ~60 min under a high flow (~1000 μm/s). In the 15 min after switching to the high flow, DAF-2-NO fluorescence intensity increased to 1.27-fold of its baseline, DAF-2-NO continuously increased under the high flow, to 1.53-fold of its baseline in 60 min. Inhibition of eNOS by 1 mM L-NMMA attenuated the flow-induced NO production to 1.13-fold in 15 min and 1.30-fold of its baseline in 60 min, respectively. In contrast, no significant increase in NO production was observed after switching to the high flow for 60 min when 1 h pretreatment with 50 mU/mL heparanase III to degrade the ESG was applied. Similar NO production was observed in arterioles under low and high flows and under eNOS inhibition. Our results suggest that ESG participates in endothelial cell mechanosensing and transduction through its heparan sulfate to activate eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Yen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jinlin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John M. Tarbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bingmei M. Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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De Franceschi MS, Palange AL, Mancuso A, Grande L, Muccari D, Scavelli FB, Irace C, Gnasso A, Carallo C. Decreased platelet aggregation by shear stress-stimulated endothelial cells in vitro: description of a method and first results in diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2015; 12:53-61. [PMID: 25349181 DOI: 10.1177/1479164114553784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between platelets and endothelium in vivo is a complex phenomenon. Our aim was to develop an in vitro system that mimics the in vivo environment and investigate platelet function in a common pathological condition. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used and platelets from 28 type 2 diabetes patients were studied under shear stress conditions. Mean coefficient of variation of platelet aggregation was 10% in dynamic conditions in the presence of endothelium. Endothelial cells increased the concentration of inductor needed to achieve 50% platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate from 2.6 ± 1.3 in static conditions to 3.7 ± 1.3 µM in dynamic conditions. A similar pattern was observed when collagen was used for platelet activation. Incubation of endothelium with a nitric oxide inhibitor abolished this effect, indicating platelet inhibitory effect of endothelial cells is nitric oxide mediated. Platelet reactivity of healthy controls was less influenced by the presence of endothelial cells and displayed reduced basal platelet reactivity compared with platelets from diabetes patients. We show that platelet aggregation in diabetes as commonly reported in vitro may not fully reflect the in vivo pathophysiological process. Future studies are warranted to investigate other pathological conditions and analyse the effects of antiplatelet agents using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S De Franceschi
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 'Mater Domini' Hospital, 'Magna Græcia' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna L Palange
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 'Mater Domini' Hospital, 'Magna Græcia' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Mancuso
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 'Mater Domini' Hospital, 'Magna Græcia' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Grande
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 'Mater Domini' Hospital, 'Magna Græcia' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Muccari
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 'Mater Domini' Hospital, 'Magna Græcia' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Faustina B Scavelli
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 'Mater Domini' Hospital, 'Magna Græcia' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Concetta Irace
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 'Mater Domini' Hospital, 'Magna Græcia' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Agostino Gnasso
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 'Mater Domini' Hospital, 'Magna Græcia' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Carallo
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 'Mater Domini' Hospital, 'Magna Græcia' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
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28
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Li X, Yang Q, Wang Z, Wei D. Shear Stress in Atherosclerotic Plaque Determination. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:830-8. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Dangheng Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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29
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Sikorski K, Chmielewski S, Olejnik A, Wesoly JZ, Heemann U, Baumann M, Bluyssen H. STAT1 as a central mediator of IFNγ and TLR4 signal integration in vascular dysfunction. JAKSTAT 2014; 1:241-9. [PMID: 24058779 PMCID: PMC3670280 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.22469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by early endothelial dysfunction and altered vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contractility. The forming atheroma is a site of excessive production of cytokines and inflammatory ligands by various cell types that mediate inflammation and immune responses. Key factors contributing to early stages of plaque development are IFNγ and TLR4. This review provides insight in the differential STAT1-dependent signal integration between IFNγ and TLR4 signals in vascular cells and atheroma interacting immune cells. This results in increased leukocyte attraction and adhesion and VSMC proliferation and migration, which are important characteristics of EC dysfunction and early triggers of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sikorski
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Faculty of Biology; Adam Mickiewicz University; Poznan, Poland
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Ingawa K, Aruga N, Matsumura Y, Shibata M, Osakabe N. Alteration of the systemic and microcirculation by a single oral dose of flavan-3-ols. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94853. [PMID: 24740211 PMCID: PMC3989254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several systematic reviews have reported that flow mediated dilatation (FMD) was significantly increased in subjects after ingestion of chocolate that contains flavan-3-ols; however, the mechanisms responsible for this effect are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a single oral dose of flavan-3-ols on the systemic circulation and microcirculation in the cremaster muscle using intravital video microscopy in vivo. The cremaster muscle in rats was spread over a plastic chamber and a gastric tube was placed into the stomach. Blood flow in the cremasteric artery was determined using a laser Doppler flowmeter, while blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the tail-cuff method. Red blood cell velocity in arterioles and blood flow in the artery were significantly increased 5 min after the administration of 10 mg/kg flavan-3-ols compared with distilled water treatment. The number of capillaries recruited in the cremaster muscle was also significantly increased 15 min after treatment. Microscopic observation confirmed that increased shear stress on endothelial cells was maintained during the measurement period. The mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were also significantly elevated soon after administration and returned to baseline before the end of the observation period. Plasma nitrate and nitrite levels, and NO phosphorylation of aortic tissue were significantly increased at 60 min after administration of flavan-3-ols. According to these results, a single oral dose of flavan-3-ols elevates blood pressure and flow transiently, and these effects induce NO production through increased shear stress on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Ingawa
- Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Munumaku Saitama, Japan
| | - Nozomi Aruga
- Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Munumaku Saitama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsumura
- Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Munumaku Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Munumaku Saitama, Japan
| | - Naomi Osakabe
- Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Munumaku Saitama, Japan
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31
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Mechanosensitive properties in the endothelium and their roles in the regulation of endothelial function. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:461-70. [PMID: 23429585 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31828c0933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
: Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) line the luminal surface of blood vessels, which are exposed constantly to mechanical stimuli, such as fluid shear stress, cyclic strain, and blood pressure. In recent years, more and more evidence indicates that ECs sense these mechanical stimuli and subsequently convert mechanical stimuli into intracellular signals. The properties of ECs that sense the mechanical stimuli are defined as mechanosensors. There are a variety of mechanosensors that have been identified in ECs. These mechanosensors play an important role in regulating the function of the endothelium and vascular function, including blood pressure. This review focuses on the mechanosensors that have been identified in ECs and on the roles that mechanosensors play in the regulation of endothelium function, and in the regulation of vascular function.
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32
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Slee JB, Lowe-Krentz LJ. Actin realignment and cofilin regulation are essential for barrier integrity during shear stress. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:782-95. [PMID: 23060131 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells and their actin microfilaments align in the direction of fluid shear stress (FSS) in vitro and in vivo. To determine whether cofilin, an actin severing protein, is required in this process, the levels of phospho-cofilin (serine-3) were evaluated in cells exposed to FSS. Phospho-cofilin levels decreased in the cytoplasm and increased in the nucleus during FSS exposure. This was accompanied by increased nuclear staining for activated LIMK, a cofilin kinase. Blocking stress kinases JNK and p38, known to play roles in actin realignment during FSS, decreased cofilin phosphorylation under static conditions, and JNK inhibition also resulted in decreased phospho-cofilin during FSS exposure. Inhibition of dynamic changes in cofilin phosphorylation through cofilin mutants decreased correct actin realignment. The mutants also decreased barrier integrity as did inhibition of the stress kinases. These results identify the importance of cofilin in the process of actin alignment and the requirement for actin realignment in endothelial barrier integrity during FSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Slee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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Abstract
The endothelium plays a critical role in the maintenance of cardiovascular health by producing nitric oxide and other vasoactive materials. Aging is associated with a gradual decline in this functional aspect of endothelial regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Indeed, age is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is in part an important factor in the increased exponential mortality rates from vascular disease such as myocardial infarction and stroke that occurs in the ageing population. There are a number of mechanisms suggested to explain age-related endothelial dysfunction. However, recent scientific studies have advanced the notion of oxidative stress and inflammation as the two major risk factors underlying aging and age-related diseases. Regular physical activity, known to have a favorable effect on cardiovascular health, can also improve the function of the ageing endothelium by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, as we discuss in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Golbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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34
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Fu BM, Tarbell JM. Mechano-sensing and transduction by endothelial surface glycocalyx: composition, structure, and function. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 5:381-90. [PMID: 23401243 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial cells (ECs) lining every blood vessel wall are constantly exposed to the mechanical forces generated by blood flow. The EC responses to these hemodynamic forces play a critical role in the homeostasis of the circulatory system. To ensure proper EC mechano-sensing and transduction, there are a variety of mechano-sensors and transducers that have been identified on the EC surface, intra- and trans-EC membrane and within the EC cytoskeleton. Among them, the most recent candidate is the endothelial surface glycocalyx (ESG), which is a matrix-like thin layer covering the luminal surface of the EC. It consists of various proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and plasma proteins, and is close to other prominent EC mechano-sensors and transducers. The ESG thickness was found to be in the order of 0.1-1 µm by different visualization techniques and in different types of vessels. Detailed analysis on the electron microscopy (EM) images of the microvascular ESG revealed a quasi-periodic substructure with the ESG fiber diameter of 10-12 and 20 nm spacing between adjacent fibers. Atomic force microscopy and optical tweezers were applied to investigate the mechanical properties of the ESG on the cultured EC monolayers and in solutions. Enzymatic degradation of specific ESG glycosaminoglycan components was used to directly elucidate the role of the ESG in EC mechano-sensing and transduction by measuring the shear-induced productions of nitric oxide and prostacyclin, two characteristic responses of the ECs to the flow. The unique location, composition, and structure of the ESG determine its role in EC mechano-sensing and transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingmei M Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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35
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Anderson JA, Lim W, Weitz JI. Genetics of Coagulation: What the Cardiologist Needs to Know. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29:75-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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36
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Dettmer M, Alekel DL, Lasrado JA, Messina M, Carriquiry A, Heiberger K, Stewart JW, Franke W. The effect of soy protein beverages on serum cell adhesion molecule concentrations in prehypertensive/stage 1 hypertensive individuals. J Am Coll Nutr 2012; 31:100-10. [PMID: 22855915 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2012.10720015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals are at increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), in part because hypertension contributes to endothelial dysfunction and increased cell adhesion molecule expression. Soy protein and isoflavones may favorably alter CVD risk factors, and hence the aim of this study was to determine whether intake of cow's milk compared with soy beverage prepared from whole soy bean (WSB) or soy protein isolate (SPI) would lower soluble cell adhesion molecule concentrations as a means of decreasing CVD risk. METHODS We enrolled healthy prehypertensive/stage 1 hypertensive men (n = 60; 18-63 years) and premenopausal women (n = 8; 20-48 years). Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups for 8 weeks: cow's milk (600 mL/d), SPI beverage (840 mL/d; 30.1 mg total isoflavones/d), or WSB beverage (840 mL/d; 91.4 mg total isoflavones/d). We measured soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin) concentrations at baseline and week 8. RESULTS Soluble CAM concentrations were not altered by treatment and did not differ between prehypertensive and hypertensive participants. However, analysis of variance indicated a treatment × gender interaction (gender effect) for ICAM-1 (p = 0.0037) but not for E-selectin (p = 0.067) or VCAM-1 (p = 0.16). Men had higher concentrations of ICAM-1 and E-selectin, respectively, at baseline (p = 0.0071, p = 0.049) and week 8 (p = 0.0054, p = 0.038) than women did. CONCLUSION Neither intake of cow's milk nor soy beverage for 8 weeks altered soluble CAM concentrations in prehypertensive/stage 1 hypertensive individuals, suggesting that neither type of beverage diminished atherosclerotic CVD risk in mildly hypertensive individuals by way of improving circulating CAM concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Dettmer
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Nutrition & Wellness Research Center, Research Park, Ames, Iowa, USA
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37
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Vessières E, Freidja ML, Loufrani L, Fassot C, Henrion D. Flow (shear stress)-mediated remodeling of resistance arteries in diabetes. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:173-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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38
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Otsuka F, Finn AV, Yazdani SK, Nakano M, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R. The importance of the endothelium in atherothrombosis and coronary stenting. Nat Rev Cardiol 2012; 9:439-53. [PMID: 22614618 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2012.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deployment of drug-eluting stents instead of bare-metal stents has dramatically reduced restenosis rates, but rates of very late stent thrombosis (>1 year postimplantation) have increased. Vascular endothelial cells normally provide an efficient barrier against thrombosis, lipid uptake, and inflammation. However, endothelium that has regenerated after percutaneous coronary intervention is incompetent in terms of its integrity and function, with poorly formed cell junctions, reduced expression of antithrombotic molecules, and decreased nitric oxide production. Delayed arterial healing, characterized by poor endothelialization, is the primary cause of late (1 month-1 year postimplantation) and very late stent thrombosis following implantation of drug-eluting stents. Impairment of vasorelaxation in nonstented proximal and distal segments of stented coronary arteries is more severe with drug-eluting stents than bare-metal stents, and stent-induced flow disturbances resulting in complex spatiotemporal shear stress can also contribute to increased thrombogenicity and inflammation. The incompetent endothelium leads to late stent thrombosis and the development of in-stent neoatherosclerosis. The process of neoatherosclerosis occurs more rapidly, and more frequently, following deployment of drug-eluting stents than bare-metal stents. Improved understanding of vascular biology is crucial for all cardiologists, and particularly interventional cardiologists, as maintenance of a competently functioning endothelium is critical for long-term vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Otsuka
- CVPath Institute Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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Serizawa KI, Yogo K, Aizawa K, Tashiro Y, Takahari Y, Sekine K, Suzuki T, Ishizuka N, Ishida H. Paclitaxel-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Living Rats Is Prevented by Nicorandil via Reduction of Oxidative Stress. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 119:349-58. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12067fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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40
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Yamamoto K, Ando J. [Mechanosensing of blood flow in vascular endothelial cells]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2011; 138:196-200. [PMID: 22075462 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.138.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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41
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Iwamoto T, Kawasaki H. New molecular mechanisms for cardiovascular disease: preface. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 116:321-2. [PMID: 21757843 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10r32fm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan.
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