1
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Luo D, He F, Liu J, Dong X, Fang M, Liang Y, Chen M, Gui X, Wang W, Zeng L, Fan X, Wu Q. Pseudolaric acid B suppresses NSCLC progression through the ROS/AMPK/mTOR/autophagy signalling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116614. [PMID: 38670047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudolaric acid B (PAB), an acid isolated from the roots of Pseudolarix kaempferi gorden, has shown antitumour effects through multiple mechanisms of action. The objective of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of PAB on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its underlying mechanism. In our experiments, we observed that PAB decreased cell viability, inhibited colony formation, induced cell cycle arrest, impeded scratch healing, and increased apoptosis in H1975 and H1650 cells. Additionally, PAB treatment enhanced the fluorescence intensity of MDC staining in NSCLC cells, upregulated the protein expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 II (LC3 II), and downregulated the expression of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/P62). Combined treatment with PAB and chloroquine (CQ) increased the protein expression levels of LC3 II and P62 while decreasing the apoptosis of H1975 and H1650 cells. Moreover, treatment with PAB led to significant mTOR inhibition and AMPK activation. PAB combined with compound C (CC) inhibited autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, PAB treatment increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in NSCLC cells, which correlated with the modulation of the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway and was associated with autophagy and apoptosis. Finally, we validated the antitumour growth activity and mechanism of PAB in vivo using athymic nude mice bearing H1975 tumour cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PAB can induce apoptosis and autophagic cell death in NSCLC through the ROS-triggered AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway, making it a promising candidate for future NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Jingyun Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Xueting Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Mengying Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Yuling Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Mengqin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Xuemei Gui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, China.
| | - Xianming Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China.
| | - Qibiao Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510520, China; Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangdong, Zhuhai 51900, China.
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2
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Charoensin S, Weera W. Preventive Effect of Nuciferine on H 2O 2-Induced Fibroblast Senescence and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238148. [PMID: 36500241 PMCID: PMC9741010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dermal fibroblasts play an important role in skin homeostasis by producing and degrading extracellular matrix components. They have more replicative senescence when exposed to environmental and oxidative insults, resulting in human skin aging. However, this phenomenon can be mitigated by antioxidant phytochemicals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of nuciferine (an alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera leaf) in preventing stress-induced fibroblast senescence by using a hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2)-induced senescence model. We found that H2O2 treatment resulted in a significant increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive cells. Nuciferine-treated cells, however, showed a reduction in senescent phenotype. Furthermore, we observed the key molecular markers including the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and cell cycle regulators. The mRNA levels of CXCL1, CXCL2, IL-6, and IL-8 (pro-inflammatory cytokines) reduced significantly in nuciferine-treated cells. The extracellular IL-6 and IL-8 levels were also decreased in treated cells, whereas the key cell cycle regulators (p16 and p21) were markedly affected by nuciferine at the highest concentration. The results of the present study clearly show that the preventive activity of nuciferine against H2O2-induced senescence in dermal fibroblasts is fundamental and promising for further applications in anti-aging product research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphachai Charoensin
- Division of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence in Mathematical Biosciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-82-783-4991
| | - Wajaree Weera
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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3
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Tsuji K, Kida Y, Koshikawa N, Yamamoto S, Shinozaki Y, Watanabe T, Lin J, Nagase H, Takenaga K. Suppression of NSCLC A549 tumor growth by a mtDNA mutation-targeting pyrrole-imidazole polyamide-TPP and a senolytic drug. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1321-1337. [PMID: 35112436 PMCID: PMC8990788 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain somatic mutations in mtDNA were associated with tumor progression and frequently found in a homoplasmic state. We recently reported that pyrrole‐imidazole polyamide conjugated with the mitochondria‐delivering moiety triphenylphosphonium (PIP‐TPP) targeting an mtDNA mutation efficiently induced apoptosis in cancer cells with the mutation but not normal cells. Here, we synthesized the novel PIP‐TPP, CCC‐021‐TPP, targeting ND6 14582A > G homoplasmic missense mutation that is suggested to enhance metastasis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer A549 cells. CCC‐021‐TPP did not induce apoptosis but caused cellular senescence in the cells, accompanied by a significant induction of antiapoptotic BCL‐XL. Simultaneous treatment of A549 cells with CCC‐021‐TPP and the BCL‐XL selective inhibitor A‐1155463 resulted in apoptosis induction. Importantly, the combination induced apoptosis and suppressed tumor growth in an A549 xenografted model. These results highlight the potential of anticancer therapy with PIP‐TPPs targeting mtDNA mutations to induce cell death even in apoptosis‐resistant cancer cells when combined with senolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsuji
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yuki Kida
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Nobuko Koshikawa
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Seigi Yamamoto
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Shinozaki
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.,Organometallchemie Eduard-Zintl-Institut Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64206, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, 260-8717, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jason Lin
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Keizo Takenaga
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
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4
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Targeting cellular senescence in cancer by plant secondary metabolites: A systematic review. Pharmacol Res 2021; 177:105961. [PMID: 34718135 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Senescence suppresses tumor growth, while also developing a tumorigenic state in the nearby cells that is mediated by senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs). The dual function of cellular senescence stresses the need for identifying multi-targeted agents directed towards the promotion of cell senescence in cancer cells and suppression of the secretion of pro-tumorigenic signaling mediators in neighboring cells. Natural secondary metabolites have shown favorable anticancer responses in recent decades, as some have been found to target the senescence-associated mediators and pathways. Furthermore, phenolic compounds and polyphenols, terpenes and terpenoids, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds have shown to be promising anticancer agents through the regulation of paracrine and autocrine pathways. Plant secondary metabolites are potential regulators of SASPs factors that suppress tumor growth through paracrine mediators, including growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix components/enzymes, and proteases. On the other hand, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related, extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, nuclear factor-κB, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, and receptor tyrosine kinase-associated mediators are main targets of candidate phytochemicals in the autocrine senescence pathway. Such a regulatory role of phytochemicals on senescence-associated pathways are associated with cell cycle arrest and the attenuation of apoptotic/inflammatory/oxidative stress pathways. The current systematic review highlights the critical roles of natural secondary metabolites in the attenuation of autocrine and paracrine cellular senescence pathways, while also elucidating the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic capabilities of these compounds. Additionally, we discuss current challenges, limitations, and future research indications.
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5
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Feng Y, Chen X, Ding W, Ma J, Zhang B, Li X. MicroRNA-16 participates in the cell cycle alteration of HepG2 cells induced by MC-LR. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110295. [PMID: 32066005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a cyclic hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria in freshwater, and chronic MC-LR exposure could induce human hepatitis if consumed in drinking water. In recent years, many studies have indicated that microRNAs participate in the hepatotoxicity of MC-LR. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential function of miR-16 in the hepatocellular toxicity and cell cycle alteration induced by MC-LR in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells after treatment with 10 μM MC-LR. The result of flow cytometry detection showed that a low concentration of MC-LR (10 μM) failed to induce apoptosis but promoted cell cycle G1/S transition in HepG2 cells. In addition, the expression of apoptosis-related genes was suppressed after MC-LR exposure. These results confirm that MC-LR exposure at a low dose can promote the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Furthermore, we also found that microRNA-16 (miR-16) expression was suppressed in HepG2 cells following MC-LR exposure. Hence, we overexpressed miR-16 in HepG2 cells and treated them with MC-LR, and the results showed that miR-16 overexpression induced an increase in the G0/G1 phase and a decrease in the S phase cell cycle populations in HepG2 cells, suggesting that miR-16 can inhibit the cell proliferation of HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that miR-16 may play a vital role in the cell cycle alteration of HepG2 cells after MC-LR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Feng
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Weikai Ding
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Bangjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
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6
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Panda PK, Patra S, Naik PP, Praharaj PP, Mukhopadhyay S, Meher BR, Gupta PK, Verma RS, Maiti TK, Bhutia SK. Deacetylation of LAMP1 drives lipophagy-dependent generation of free fatty acids by Abrus agglutinin to promote senescence in prostate cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:2776-2791. [PMID: 31544977 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapy-induced senescence in cancer cells is an irreversible antiproliferative state, which inhibits tumor growth and is therefore a potent anti-neoplastic mechanism. In this study, low doses of Abrus agglutinin (AGG)-induced senescence through autophagy in prostate carcinoma cells (PC3) and inhibited proliferation. The inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyl adenine reversed AGG-induced senescence, thus confirming that AGG-triggered senescence required autophagy. AGG treatment also led to lipophagy-mediated accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs), with a concomitant decrease in the number of lipid droplets. Lalistat, a lysosomal acid lipase inhibitor, abrogated AGG-induced lipophagy and senescence in PC3 cells, indicating that lipophagy is essential for AGG-induced senescence. The accumulation of FFAs increased reactive oxygen species generation, a known facilitator of senescence, which was also reduced in the presence of lalistat. Furthermore, AGG upregulated silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), while the presence of sirtinol reduced autophagy flux and the senescent phenotype in the AGG-treated cells. Mechanistically, AGG-induced cytoplasmic SIRT1 deacetylated a Lys residue on the cytoplasmic domain of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), an autolysosomal protein, resulting in lipophagy and senescence. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a novel SIRT1/LAMP1/lipophagy axis mediating AGG-induced senescence in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanta Kumar Panda
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Prajna Paramita Naik
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | | | - Subhadip Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | | | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rama S Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Tapas K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
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7
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Zhang S, Yu X, Meng X, Huo W, Su Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Wang S, Yu J. Coxsackievirus A6 Induces Necroptosis for Viral Production. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:42. [PMID: 32117097 PMCID: PMC7011610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a febrile exanthematous disease with typical or atypical symptoms. Typical HFMD is usually caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) or coxsackievirus A16, while atypical HFMD is usually caused by coxsackievirus A6 (CA6). In recent years, worldwide outbreaks of CA6-associated HFMD have dramatically increased, although the pathogenic mechanism of CA6 is still unclear. EV71 has been established to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis, but in this study, we demonstrate that CA6 infection promotes a distinct pathway of cell death that involves loss of cell membrane integrity. Necrostatin-1, an inhibitor of necroptosis, blocks the cell death induced by CA6 infection, but Z-DEVD-FMK, an inhibitor of caspase-3, has no effect on CA6-induced cell death. Furthermore, CA6 infection up-regulates the expression of the necroptosis signaling molecule RIPK3. Importantly, necrostatin-1 inhibits CA6 viral production, as assessed by its ability to inhibit levels of VP1 protein and genomic RNA and infectious particles. CA6-induced necroptosis is not dependent on the generation of reactive oxygen species; however, viral 3D protein can directly bind RIPK3, which is suggestive of a direct mechanism of necroptosis induction. Therefore, these results indicate that CA6 induces a mechanism of RIPK3-dependent necroptosis for viral production that is distinct from the mechanism of apoptosis induced by typical HFMD viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangling Meng
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenbo Huo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Rajendran P, Alzahrani AM, Hanieh HN, Kumar SA, Ben Ammar R, Rengarajan T, Alhoot MA. Autophagy and senescence: A new insight in selected human diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21485-21492. [PMID: 31144309 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Senescence and autophagy play important roles in homeostasis. Cellular senescence and autophagy commonly cause several degenerative processes, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, telomere shortening, and oncogenic stress; hence, both events are known to be interrelated. Autophagy is well known for its disruptive effect on human diseases, and it is currently proposed to have a direct effect on triggering senescence and quiescence. However, it is yet to be proven whether autophagy has a positive or negative impact on senescence. It is known that elevated levels of autophagy induce cell death, whereas inadequate autophagy can trigger cellular senescence. Both have important roles in human diseases such as aging, renal degeneration, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the relevance of senescence and autophagy in selected human ailments through a summary of recent findings on the connection and effects of autophagy and senescence in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza N Hanieh
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan.,Department of Medical Analysis, Aisha Bint Al Hussein College for Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Sekar Ashok Kumar
- Faculty of Technology, Center of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Rebai Ben Ammar
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf, Saudi Arabia.,Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohammed A Alhoot
- Department of Medical Microbiology Unit, International Medical School (IMS), Management & Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Malaysia
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9
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Wang Z, Ding Y, Wang X, Lu S, Wang C, He C, Wang L, Piao M, Chi G, Luo Y, Ge P. Pseudolaric acid B triggers ferroptosis in glioma cells via activation of Nox4 and inhibition of xCT. Cancer Lett 2018; 428:21-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Blocking the utilization of glucose induces the switch from senescence to apoptosis in pseudolaric acid B-treated human lung cancer cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017. [PMID: 28649131 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudolaric acid B (PAB), a diterpene acid isolated from the root bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon, exerts anti-tumor effects in several cancer cell lines. Our previous study showed that PAB mainly induced senescence via p53-p21 activation rather than apoptosis in suppression of the growth of human lung cancer A549 cells (p53 wild-type). In p53-null human lung cancer H1299 cells, however, PAB caused apoptosis without senescence. In this study we investigated what mechanism was responsible for the switch from senescence to apoptosis in PAB-treated human lung cancer cell lines. Senescent cells were examined by SA-β-gal staining. Glucose uptake and the apoptosis ratio were assessed using a FACScan flow cytometer. Commercial assay kits were used to measure the levels of ATP and lactate. Transfection of siRNA was used to knockdown the expression of p53 or p21. Western blot analysis was applied to measure the protein expression levels. In p53 wild-type A549 cells, PAB (20 μmol/L) caused senescence, and time-dependently increased glucose utilization; knockdown of p53 or p21 significantly decreased the uptake and metabolism of glucose but elevated PAB-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of glucose utilization using a glycolytic inhibitor 2-DG (1 mmol/L) significantly enhanced apoptosis induction. Similar results were observed in another p53 wild-type H460 cells treated with PAB. Opposite results were found in p53-null H1299 cells, where PAB time-dependently decreased glucose utilization, and induced only apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that PAB-induced senescence is associated with enhanced glucose utilization, and lower glucose utilization might contribute to apoptosis induction. Thus, blocking glucose utilization contributes to the switch from senescence to apoptosis, and p53 plays an important role in this process.
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11
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Liu ML, Sun D, Li T, Chen H. A Systematic Review of the Immune-Regulating and Anticancer Activities of Pseudolaric Acid B. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:394. [PMID: 28701952 PMCID: PMC5487521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortex pseudolaricis, the root bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gord, has been used to treat tinea and other skin diseases for the antimicrobial activities in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Pseudolaric acid B (PAB) has been identified as the major component responsible for the action of C. pseudolaricis. Recently, PAB has been demonstrated to be used as novel treatments for cancer, immune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and immunosuppression. However, the mechanisms through which PAB exerts its properties are not understood well, and little attention in the literature has been given to review its pharmacological activities before. In this review, we performed a systematic summary of the literature with respect to the anticancer, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of PAB and its derivatives. Currently available data suggest that PAB is a promising immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agent candidate and should be explored further in cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lun Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police ForceTianjin, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police ForceTianjin, China
| | - Tan Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police ForceTianjin, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police ForceTianjin, China
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12
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Mathiassen SG, De Zio D, Cecconi F. Autophagy and the Cell Cycle: A Complex Landscape. Front Oncol 2017; 7:51. [PMID: 28409123 PMCID: PMC5374984 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradation pathway, in which cytoplasmic material is sequestered in double-membrane vesicles and delivered to the lysosome for degradation. Under basal conditions, autophagy plays a homeostatic function. However, in response to various stresses, the pathway can be further induced to mediate cytoprotection. Defective autophagy has been linked to a number of human pathologies, including neoplastic transformation, even though autophagy can also sustain the growth of tumor cells in certain contexts. In recent years, a considerable correlation has emerged between autophagy induction and stress-related cell-cycle responses, as well as unexpected roles for autophagy factors and selective autophagic degradation in the process of cell division. These advances have obvious implications for our understanding of the intricate relationship between autophagy and cancer. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge of the reciprocal regulation connecting the autophagy pathway and cell-cycle progression. Furthermore, key findings involving nonautophagic functions for autophagy-related factors in cell-cycle regulation will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søs Grønbæk Mathiassen
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniela De Zio
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Yao GD, Yang J, Li Q, Zhang Y, Qi M, Fan SM, Hayashi T, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Activation of p53 contributes to pseudolaric acid B-induced senescence in human lung cancer cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:919-29. [PMID: 27041461 PMCID: PMC4933766 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Pseudolaric acid B (PAB), a diterpene acid isolated from the root bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon, has shown to exert anti-tumor effects via inducing cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. Here we reported that PAB induced a mitotic catastrophe in human lung cancer A549 cells, which resulted in senescence without apoptosis or necrosis. METHODS Three human lung cancer cell lines (A549, H460 and H1299 cells) were examined. Cell growth inhibition was assessed with MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution was determined using a flow cytometer. Cell nuclear morphology was observed under a fluorescence microscope. Senescent cells were detected using SA-β-Gal staining. Apoptotic and senescent protein expression was examined using Western blot analysis. The expression of p53 and p21 in the cells was downregulated by siRNAs. RESULTS Treatment with PAB (5-80 μmol/L) inhibited the growth of A549 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Prolonged treatment with PAB (20 μmol/L) caused G2/M arrest at day 1 followed by mitotic catastrophe from day 2, which eventually resulted in cell senescence between days 3 and 4 without cell death (apoptosis or necrosis). Knockdown of p53 expression with siRNA significantly suppressed PAB-induced senescence in A549 cells (p53 wild). Furthermore, PAB-induced senescence was also observed in human lung cancer H460 cells (p53 wild), but not in human lung cancer H1299 cells (p53 null). CONCLUSION The anti-tumor action of PAB against human lung cancer A549 cells in vitro involves the induction of senescence through activation of the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-dong Yao
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Yang
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiang Li
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Min Qi
- Tianjin Taiyang Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Si-miao Fan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shin-ichi Tashiro
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Kyoto 603-8072, Japan
| | - Satoshi Onodera
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194–8543, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- E-mail
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Trichosanthin-induced autophagy in gastric cancer cell MKN-45 is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-κB/p53 pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 131:77-83. [PMID: 27032906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosanthin (TCS), isolated from the root tuber of Trichosanthes kirilowii tubers in the Cucurbitaceae family, owns a great deal of biological and pharmacological activities including anti-virus and anti-tumor. TCS has been reported to induce cell apoptosis of a diversity of cancers, including cervical cancer, choriocarcinoma, and gastric cancer, etc. However, whether TCS would induce autophagy in gastric cancer cells was seldom investigated. In current study, human gastric cancer MKN-45 cell growth was significantly inhibited by TCS. The anti-proliferation effect of TCS was due to an increased autophagy, which was confirmed by monodansylcadervarine (MDC) staining, up-regulation of Autophagy protein 5 (Atg5), and conversion of LC3 I to LC3 II (autophagosome marker). In addition, TCS induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MKN-45 cells and ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly reversed TCS-induced autophagy. Furthermore, NF-κB/p53 pathway was activated during the process of autophagy induced by TCS and the ROS generation was mediated by it in MKN-45 cells. In vivo results showed that TCS exerted significantly anti-tumor effect on MKN-45 bearing mice. Considering the clinical usage of TCS on other human diseases, these research progresses provided a new insight into cancer research and new therapeutic avenues for patients with gastric cancer.
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Ruhland MK, Coussens LM, Stewart SA. Senescence and cancer: An evolving inflammatory paradox. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1865:14-22. [PMID: 26453912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The senescent phenotype was first described in 1961 as a phenomenon characterized by the cessation of cellular division. After years of debate as to whether it represented a tissue culture artifact or an important biological process, it is now appreciated that senescence plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Further, senescence is integral to normal biological processes such as embryogenesis and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Now with defined roles in development, wound healing, tumor promotion and tumor suppression, it is not surprising that attention has turned to refining our understanding of the mechanisms behind, and consequences of, the induction of senescence. One emerging role for senescence lies in the ability of senescence to orchestrate an inflammatory response: factors secreted by senescent cells have been identified in multiple contexts to modulate various aspects of the immune response. As with many of the previously described roles for senescence, the type of inflammation established by the senescence phenotype is varied and dependent on context. In this review, we discuss the current state of the field with a focus on the paradoxical outcomes of the senescence-induced inflammatory responses in the context of cancer. A more complete understanding of senescence and an appreciation for its complexities will be important for eventual development of senescence-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Ruhland
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Sheila A Stewart
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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Rhus coriaria induces senescence and autophagic cell death in breast cancer cells through a mechanism involving p38 and ERK1/2 activation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13013. [PMID: 26263881 PMCID: PMC4532997 DOI: 10.1038/srep13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated the anticancer effect of Rhus coriaria on three breast cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that Rhus coriaria ethanolic extract (RCE) inhibits the proliferation of these cell lines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. RCE induced senescence and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. These changes were concomitant with upregulation of p21, downregulation of cyclin D1, p27, PCNA, c-myc, phospho-RB and expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. No proliferative recovery was detected after RCE removal. Annexin V staining and PARP cleavage analysis revealed a minimal induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of autophagic vacuoles in RCE-treated cells. Interestingly, blocking autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or chloroquine (CQ) reduced RCE-induced cell death and senescence. RCE was also found to activate p38 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways which coincided with induction of autophagy. Furthermore, we found that while both autophagy inhibitors abolished p38 phosphorylation, only CQ led to significant decrease in pERK1/2. Finally, RCE induced DNA damage and reduced mutant p53, two events that preceded autophagy. Our findings provide strong evidence that R. coriaria possesses strong anti-breast cancer activity through induction of senescence and autophagic cell death, making it a promising alternative or adjunct therapeutic candidate against breast cancer.
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Zhang DS, Li YY, Chen XJ, Li YJ, Liu ZY, Xie WJ, Sun ZL. BCL2 promotor methylation and miR-15a/16-1 upregulation is associated with sanguinarine-induced apoptotic death in rat HSC-T6 cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:135-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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18
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Qi H, Zuo DY, Bai ZS, Xu JW, Li ZQ, Shen QR, Wang ZW, Zhang WG, Wu YL. COH-203, a novel microtubule inhibitor, exhibits potent anti-tumor activity via p53-dependent senescence in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:262-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Yao G, Qi M, Ji X, Fan S, Xu L, Hayashi T, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. ATM–p53 pathway causes G2/M arrest, but represses apoptosis in pseudolaric acid B-treated HeLa cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 558:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Millimouno FM, Dong J, Yang L, Li J, Li X. Targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer and perspectives with natural compounds from mother nature. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:1081-107. [PMID: 25161295 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the incidences are increasing day after day, scientists and researchers taken individually or by research group are trying to fight against cancer by several ways and also by different approaches and techniques. Sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, diterpenoids, and polyphenolic represent a large and diverse group of naturally occurring compounds found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants with various anticancer properties. In this review, our aim is to give our perspective on the current status of the natural compounds belonging to these groups and discuss their natural sources, their anticancer activity, their molecular targets, and their mechanism of actions with specific emphasis on apoptosis pathways, which may help the further design and conduct of preclinical and clinical trials. Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, the selected natural compounds induce apoptosis by targeting multiple cellular signaling pathways including transcription factors, growth factors, tumor cell survival factors, inflammatory cytokines, protein kinases, and angiogenesis that are frequently deregulated in cancers and suggest that their simultaneous targeting by these compounds could result in efficacious and selective killing of cancer cells. This review suggests that they provide a novel opportunity for treatment of cancer, but clinical trials are still required to further validate them in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faya M Millimouno
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China. Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China. Higher Institute of Science and Veterinary Medicine of Dalaba, Dalaba, Guinea
| | - Jia Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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Abstract
The core aspect of the senescent phenotype is a stable state of cell cycle arrest. However, this is a disguise that conceals a highly active metabolic cell state with diverse functionality. Both the cell-autonomous and the non-cell-autonomous activities of senescent cells create spatiotemporally dynamic and context-dependent tissue reactions. For example, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) provokes not only tumour-suppressive but also tumour-promoting responses. Senescence is now increasingly considered to be an integrated and widespread component that is potentially important for tumour development, tumour suppression and the response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Pérez-Mancera
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Andrew R J Young
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
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Xiao K, Jiang J, Guan C, Dong C, Wang G, Bai L, Sun J, Hu C, Bai C. Curcumin induces autophagy via activating the AMPK signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 123:102-9. [PMID: 24048094 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13085fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a major yellow pigment and active component of turmeric widely used as dietary spice and herbal medicine. This compound has been reported to be a promising antitumor agent, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood yet. In this study, we reported that curcumin inhibited growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells, but had no cytotoxic activity to IMR-90 normal lung fibroblast cells. Curcumin induced autophagy in the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, evidenced by LC3 immunofluorescence analysis and immunoblotting assays on LC3 and SQSTM1. Moreover, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA partly blocked the inhibitory effect of curcumin on the growth of A549 cells. Curcumin markedly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetylCoA carboxylase in A549 cells. At last, pharmacological blockade of the AMPK signaling pathway by compound C and genetic disruption of the AMPK signaling pathway with siRNA-mediated AMPKα1 knockdown impaired the autophagy-inducing effect of curcumin. Collectively, our data suggests that curcumin induces autophagy via activating the AMPK signaling pathway and the autophagy is important for the inhibiting effect of curcumin in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
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