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Wang L, Huo B, Huang L, Che L, Feng B, Lin Y, Xu S, Wu D, Fang Z. Dietary supplementation with a mixture of herbal extracts during late gestation and lactation improves performance of sows and nursing piglets through regulation of maternal metabolism and transmission of antibodies. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1026088. [PMID: 36213410 PMCID: PMC9538178 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1026088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary inclusion of phytogenic feed additives to improve the performance and health of sows is considered to be safe, effective and environmentally friendly, thus gaining growing popularity among new strategies. This study was designed with three trials aimed to determine the effective supplemental levels of Scutellaria baicalensis and Lonicera japonica mixed extracts (SLE) in sow diets based on production performance and explore its related mechanisms of action based on serum metabolites, antioxidant capacity, and immune profile of sows and nursing piglets. Trials 1 and 2 were conducted to determine the effective dose and ratio of SLE by supplementation of various proportions and doses of SLE to sows diets from the late pregnancy to weaning, with litter performance at farrowing and weaning and disease conditions being evaluated. Trial 3 was conducted to further explore the mechanisms of action of SLE as evaluated by serum immunity and antioxidants indices in late gestation and lactation sows. The results of trials 1 and 2 showed that dietary supplementation of 1.0 g/kg SLE (50% S. baicalensis extract, 30% L. japonica extract, and 20% wheat bran fiber as carrier) enhanced the number of piglets born alive, litter birth weight, litter weight gain, and average daily feed intake of sows during lactation, while decreased diarrhea of suckling piglets. In Trial 3, compared with the control group, dietary SLE supplementation increased (P < 0.05) sow serum glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), prolactin (PRL) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations, and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities at the farrowing, and increased (P < 0.05) sow serum prolactin, leptin, and insulin concentrations at d 14 of lactation. Fat concentrations in sow colostrum and in milk on day 14 of lactation, both IgA and IgG concentrations in colostrum, and both IL-10 and IgA concentrations in piglet serum at d 14 of lactation were all increased (P < 0.05) following dietary SLE supplementation. Altogether, dietary supplementation with the appropriate levels of SLE promoted health and growth of suckling piglets, which was associated with the improvement of maternal metabolism and transmission of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Dekon Livestock Foodstuff Group, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Huo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingjie Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengfeng Fang
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Scutellaria baicalensis and its constituents baicalin and baicalein as antidotes or protective agents against chemical toxicities: a comprehensive review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:1297-1329. [PMID: 35676380 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), also known as the Chinese skullcap, has a long history of being used in Chinese medicine to treat a variety of conditions ranging from microbial infections to metabolic syndrome and malignancies. Numerous studies have reported that treatment with total SB extract or two main flavonoids found in its root and leaves, baicalin (BA) and baicalein (BE), can prevent or alleviate the detrimental toxic effects of exposure to various chemical compounds. It has been shown that BA and BE are generally behind the protective effects of SB against toxicants. This paper aimed to review the protective and therapeutic effects of SB and its main components BA and BE against chemical compounds that can cause intoxication after acute or chronic exposure and seriously affect different vital organs including the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys. In this review paper, we had a look into a total of 221 in vitro and in vivo studies from 1995 to 2021 from the scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science which reported protective or therapeutic effects of BA, BE, or SB against drugs and chemicals that one might be exposed to on a professional or accidental basis and compounds that are primarily used to simulate disease models. In conclusion, the protective effects of SB and its flavonoids can be mainly attributed to increase in antioxidants enzymes, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reduction of inflammatory cytokines, and suppression of apoptosis pathway.
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Ibrahim A, Nasr M, El-Sherbiny IM. Baicalin as an emerging magical nutraceutical molecule: Emphasis on pharmacological properties and advances in pharmaceutical delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bikheet MM, Mahmoud ME, Yassien EE, Hassan HM. Effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from some fermented dairy products on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11790-11800. [PMID: 34553279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current research was performed to evaluate the potential protective effect of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, and silymarin in the alleviation of health (hepatic and renal) complications caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Healthy sixty albino rats were divided into six groups, the first group was control (negative), the second group (control positive) was injected CCl4 (1 ml/kg, 1:1 v/v paraffin oil mixture, i.p. every third day for 8 weeks), the third group (CCl4 + silymarin group) receiving both CCl4 and daily silymarin therapy (50 mg/kg, oral), and the fourth group: CCl4 + Lactobacillus paracasei (1 ml orally). The fifth group (CCl4 + Pediococcus acidilactici 1 ml orally) and the sixth group (CCl4 + Lactococcus lactis 1 ml orally) for 8 weeks per day. Biochemical markers were tested for blood, liver, and kidney tissue. Histopathological examination of the liver and kidney tissues was performed. The findings obtained have shown that Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis improved the disrupted biochemical parameters caused by CCl4 therapy. Besides, the findings of the histopathology are in consistent with biochemical parameters and the protective ability of lactic acid bacteria suggesting that the best lactic acid bacteria were Pediococcus acidilactici that helped strengthen liver fibrosis caused by CCl4 therapy, while the best bacterium for improving renal damage was Lactococcus lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Bikheet
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Magda E Mahmoud
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Eman E Yassien
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
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He Q, Sun X, Zhang M, Chu L, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Han X, Guan S, Ding C. Protective effect of baicalin against arsenic trioxide-induced acute hepatic injury in mice through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:20587384211073397. [PMID: 35088608 PMCID: PMC8801635 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211073397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalin (BA) is a kind of flavonoid that is isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which has been verified to have hepatoprotective effects in some diseases. However, the role of BA in acute hepatic injury induced by arsenic trioxide (ATO) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective action of BA on acute hepatic injury induced by ATO and to probe its possible mechanism. Mice were pretreated with BA (50, 100 mg/kg) by gavage. After 7 h, ATO (7.5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to induce liver injury. After 7 days of treatment, serum and hepatic specimens were collected and assayed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of BA. Pathological sections and the liver function index indicated that ATO caused significant liver injury. The fluorescence of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress indicators showed that ATO also increased oxidative stress. The inflammatory markers in ATO-induced mice also increased significantly. Staining of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and apoptotic factor assay showed that apoptosis increased. However, with BA pretreatment, these changes were significantly weakened. In addition, BA treatment promoted the expression of proteins related to the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The results suggest that BA can ameliorate acute ATO-induced hepatic injury in mice, which is related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, thereby reducing inflammation and apoptosis. The mechanism of this protection is potentially related to the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian He
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongchao Wu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Shengjiang Guan, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Luquan Economic Development Zone, Luquan District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China.
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA, Shijiazhuang, China
- Chao Ding, Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China. Email
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Zha A, Cui Z, Qi M, Liao S, Chen L, Liao P, Tan B. Dietary Baicalin Zinc Supplementation Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Enhances Nutrition Absorption in Deoxynivalenol Challenged Pigs. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 21:614-625. [PMID: 32116187 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200302124102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxynivalenol contamination is increasing worldwide, presenting great challenges to food security and causing great economic losses in the livestock industry. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the protective effect of baicalin zinc as a dietary supplement on pigs fed with a deoxynivalenol contaminated diet. METHODS A total of 40 weaned pigs (21 d of age; 6.13 ± 0.42 kg average BW) were randomly assigned (10 pigs/group) to 4 dietary treatments: basal diet (Con group), basal diet + 4 mg/kg DON (DON group), basal diet + 5 g/kg BZN (BZN group), and basal diet + 5 g/kg BZN + 4 mg/kg DON (DBZN group) for a 14-d period. Seven randomly-selected pigs from each treatment were killed for blood and tissue sampling. RESULTS The results showed that piglets challenged with DON exhibited significantly reduced levels of ADG, ADFI, and F/G (p < 0.05). BZN supplemented diets significantly suppressed the protein expression of p-Nrf2, p-NF-kB, and HO-1 in the jejunum of DON challenged piglets (p < 0.05). In liver, DON markedly increased the mRNA expression of P70S6K and HSP70 in piglets fed the basal diet, but significantly reduced that of HO-1, NQO-1, NF-kB, AMPKα2 and HSP70 in piglets fed the BZN supplemented diet (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with BZN markedly increased the T-AOC level of serum in weaned piglets (p < 0.05). In jejunum, dietary supplementation with BZN activated the mRNA expression of ZIP4 in piglets (p < 0.05), BZN supplementation significantly suppressed the activity of sucrose and increased the protein concentration in chyme (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION BZN can play a protective role by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing nutrient absorption in pigs fed DON-contaminated diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andong Zha
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhijuan Cui
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Simeng Liao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China,Shaodong Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Bureau, Hunan, 422800, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China
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Yang JY, Li M, Zhang CL, Liu D. Pharmacological properties of baicalin on liver diseases: a narrative review. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1230-1239. [PMID: 33595821 PMCID: PMC8460515 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin is the main active component of Scutellaria baicalensis, widely used in traditional Chinese medicine thanks to its various pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, as well as cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal protective effect. Recently, the protective effects of baicalin on liver disease have received much more attention. Several studies showed that baicalin protects against several types of liver diseases including viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, xenobiotic induced liver injury, cholestatic liver injury, and hepatocellular carcinoma, with a variety of pharmacological mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of baicalin can provide a valuable reference for its clinical use, but up to now, no narrative review is available that summarizes the pharmacological effects of baicalin to clarify its potential use in the treatment of liver diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the progress of baicalin research and the underlying mechanism in the treatment of various liver diseases, to promote further research and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Dang DX, Li YJ, Kim IH. Effects of dietary supplementation of enzymatic bio-conversion of Scutellaria baicalensis extract as an alternative to antibiotics on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, fecal gas emission, blood hematology, and antioxidative indicators in growing pigs. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sayed AM, Hassanein EH, Salem SH, Hussein OE, Mahmoud AM. Flavonoids-mediated SIRT1 signaling activation in hepatic disorders. Life Sci 2020; 259:118173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Xiong G, Deng Y, Cao Z, Liao X, Zhang J, Lu H. The hepatoprotective effects of Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract in zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:399-410. [PMID: 31654769 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salvia plebeia R. Br. is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that has been widely used for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases such as hepatitis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism about the hepatoprotective effects of S. plebeia remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts of S. plebeia (SPEE) in the zebrafish model. Firstly, we determined the chemical compositions of SPEE and identified three major constituents by using GC-MS analysis. After that, SPEE exhibited significantly antioxidant properties in the LPS-induced zebrafish embryos, and the enzyme activities of ROS, CAT and SOD were obviously inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Secondly, SPEE greatly reduced fat vacuoles (HE staining), lipid accumulation (Oil O staining) and hepatocyte fibrosis (Gemori staining) in the thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatocyte injury of adult zebrafish. Meanwhile, the NO contents and lipid metabolism-related genes were substantially down-regulated after SPEE exposure. Thirdly, we used RNA-Seq analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after SPEE exposure in adult zebrafish liver. The results showed that 1289 DEGs including 558 up-regulated and 731 down-regulated were identified between the TAA + SPEE and TAA groups. KEGG pathway and GO functional analysis revealed that steroid biosynthesis, oxidation-reduction and innate immunity were significantly enriched. Mechanistically, SPEE can considerably reduce the cell apoptosis of hepatocytes and promote the translocation of Nrf2 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in TAA-induced zebrafish. Moreover, SPEE can modulate various inflammatory cytokines and immune genes both in the control and H2O2-stimulated conditions. The pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α was markedly up-regulated but the anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β was greatly down-regulated after SPEE treatment. In addition, some key genes in the TLR signaling were also activated in the H2O2-stimulated conditions. In summary, our results suggested that SPEE had an important role in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in zebrafish in the near future. Some of the components identified in this study may be served as potential sources of new hepatoprotective compounds for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunyun Deng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun'e Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China.
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Xu Y, Zhong PP, Tao YY. Metabolic profiling of endogenous bile acids: a novel method to assess hepatoprotective effect of Tanreqing capsule on carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:271-283. [PMID: 29703327 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tanreqing (TRQ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, can alleviate liver injury and improve liver function. Its pharmacological mechanisms of actions are still unclear due to its complex components and multi-target natures. Metabolomic study is an effective approach to investigating drug pharmacological actions, new diagnostic markers, and potential mechanisms of actions. In the present study, a new strategy was used to evaluate the protective effect of TRQ capsule against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, by analyzing metabolic profiling of endogenous bile acids (BAs) along with biochemical and histological analyses. BAs concentrations were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were then employed to analyze the UPLC-MS results and compare the hepatoprotective effect of TRQ capsule in different groups at the doses of 0.36, 1.44, and 2.88 g·kg-1 body weight, respectively. Moreover, our results suggested that taurocholic acid (TCA) and taurohyodesoxycholic acid (THDCA) were the most important biochemical markers, which were indicative of CCl4-induced acute hepatic damage and hepatoprotective effect of TRQ capsule. Therefore, this new strategy would be an excellent alternative method for evaluating hepatoprotective effect and proposing potential mechanisms of action for other drugs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Shanghai Kaibao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201401, China.
| | - Ping-Ping Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan-Yan Tao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Clinical Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Shi J, Wu G, Zou X, Jiang K. Enteral Baicalin, a Flavone Glycoside, Reduces Indicators of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Rats. Cardiorenal Med 2018; 9:31-40. [DOI: 10.1159/000492159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is one of the most common postoperative complications in intensive care medicine. Baicalin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles in various disorders. We aimed to test the protective effects of baicalin on CSA-AKI using a rat model. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 75 min of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with 45 min of cardioplegic arrest (CA) to establish the AKI model. Baicalin was administered at different doses intragastrically 1 h before CPB. The control and treated rats were subjected to the evaluation of different kidney injury index and inflammation biomarkers. Results: Baicalin significantly attenuated CPB/CA-induced AKI in rats, as evidenced by the lower levels of serum creatinine, serum NGAL, and Kim1. Baicalin remarkably inhibited oxidative stress, reflected in the decreased malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity, and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione in renal tissue. Baicalin suppressed the expression of IL-18 and iNOS, and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Conclusion: Our data indicated that baicalin mediated CPB/CA-induced AKI by decreasing the oxidative stress and inflammation in the renal tissues, and that baicalin possesses the potential to be developed as a therapeutic tool in clinical use for CSA-AKI.
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Shi L, Hao Z, Zhang S, Wei M, Lu B, Wang Z, Ji L. Baicalein and baicalin alleviate acetaminophen-induced liver injury by activating Nrf2 antioxidative pathway: The involvement of ERK1/2 and PKC. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:9-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Dassarma B, Nandi DK, Gangopadhyay S, Samanta S. Hepatoprotective effect of food preservatives (butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene) on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. Toxicol Rep 2017; 5:31-37. [PMID: 29276688 PMCID: PMC5730417 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The report about dose (230 mg/kg body wt/rat/day) that had been used for development of hepatotoxicity in male albino rat (Wister strain) was taken from our own previous study and it had never been used by any other group of researchers. This study had shown the detailed results of ROS mediated hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress profiles which was one of the important reports among the previous findings. GARS grade synthetic food preservative BHA, BHT could be able to reduce the hepatotoxicity in male albino (Wister strain) rats and it is the first time report in our study.
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a hepatotoxic agent is widely used to study the toxic mechanisms in experimental animals. This study was carried out to establish the hepatoprotective measures of food preservative antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytolune (BHA, BHT) when mixed with food towards carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication (230 mg/ kg b wt/rat/day) in rat. Biochemical markers like serum glutamate pyruvate tranaminase (AST), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin content, antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPx, and malondialdehyde (MDA) as the end product of lipid peroxidanion were measured. The results had shown the elevated level of AST (121.16%), ALT (124.68%), ALP (122.41%) an, bilirubin content (57.14%) after CCl4 treatment. Marked decrease of activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD (85.36%), CAT (67.47%), GPx (50.7%) had indicated that the ROS mediated toxicity and pretreatment of BHA and BHT restored the activity of these enzymes. High level of MDA content with reduced GSH value was also observed due to oxidative stress. The hepatic antioxidant status was restored with the food preservative (BHA, BHT) antioxidant treatment which had indicated the significant protective effect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity and finally confirmed by histopathological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barsha Dassarma
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, 721101, West Bengal, India
| | - Dilip K Nandi
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, Raja N.L. Khan Women's College, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Gangopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, Occupational Ergonomics Laboratory, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, 721101, West Bengal, India
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Ma X, Liu F, Li M, Li Z, Lin Y, Li R, Li C, Chang Y, Zhao C, Han Q, Zhou Q, Zhao Y, Wang D, Liu J. Expression of glutathione S-transferase A1, a phase II drug-metabolizing enzyme in acute hepatic injury on mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3798-3804. [PMID: 29042982 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, three models of acute liver injury in mice were induced via the administration of CCl4 (35 mg/kg, 24 h), acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP; 200 mg/kg, 12 h) and ethanol (14 ml/kg, 8 h) to study the effect of glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) on acute liver injury. The serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and liver homogenate indicators (superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase) were significantly lower in model groups compared with the control group (P<0.01), whereas the liver homogenate indicator malondialdehyde was significantly increased (P<0.01). The expression of GSTA1 in liver was significantly decreased in the model groups compared with the control group (P<0.01). GSTA1 protein content was 3.8, 1.3 and 2.6 times lower in the CCl4, APAP and ethanol model groups, respectively. Furthermore, GSTA1 mRNA expression levels decreased by 4.9, 2.1 and 3.7 times in the CCl4, APAP and ethanol model groups, respectively. Among the three models, the injury induced by CCl4 was the most marked, followed by ethanol and finally APAP. These results suggest that GSTA1 may be released by the liver and serve as an antioxidant in the prevention of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Fangping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yuexia Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Changwen Li
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, P.R. China
| | - Yicong Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Qing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Dening Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jingli Liu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, P.R. China
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Baicalin Ameliorates Liver Injury Induced by Chronic plus Binge Ethanol Feeding by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via CYP2E1 and NRF2 in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4820414. [PMID: 28951767 PMCID: PMC5603751 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4820414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury leads to serious complication including death. The potential role of baicalin at the transcription level in mice model of alcohol injury is not known yet. In this study, we examined the effect of baicalin against chronic plus binge ethanol model in mice and understanding the mechanism of protection. Liver function, histology, steatosis, inflammation, NF-κB activity, oxidative stress sources, nuclear translocation of NRF2 transcription factor, and cell death were assessed. Treatment with baicalin ameliorated ethanol-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. Baicalin attenuated ethanol-induced proinflammatory molecules such as TNF-α, IL-1β, MIP-2, and MCP-1 and reversed redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB activation. Baicalin also modulated Kupffer cell activation in vitro. Baicalin inhibited ethanol-induced expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating enzymes NOX2, p67phox, xanthine oxidase, and iNOS in addition to CYP2E1 activities. Baicalin also enhanced ethanol-induced NRF2 nuclear translocation and increased downstream target gene HO-1 as antioxidant defense. Finally, baicalin reduced significant apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Our study suggests that baicalin ameliorates chronic plus binge ethanol-induced liver injury involving molecular crosstalk of multiple pathways at the transcriptional level and through upregulation of antioxidant defense mechanism.
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Mohsen AM, Asfour MH, Salama AAA. Improved hepatoprotective activity of silymarin via encapsulation in the novel vesicular nanosystem bilosomes. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:2043-2054. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1361968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shen K, Feng X, Pan H, Zhang F, Xie H, Zheng S. Baicalin Ameliorates Experimental Liver Cholestasis in Mice by Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and NRF2 Transcription Factor. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6169128. [PMID: 28757911 PMCID: PMC5516718 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6169128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental cholestatic liver fibrosis was performed by bile duct ligation (BDL) in mice, and significant liver injury was observed in 15 days. Administration of baicalin in mice significantly ameliorates liver fibrosis. Experimental cholestatic liver fibrosis was associated with induced gene expression of fibrotic markers such as collagen I, fibronectin, alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF); increased inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, MIP1α, IL1β, and MIP2); increased oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) inducing enzymes (NOX2 and iNOS); dysfunctional mitochondrial electron chain complexes; and apoptotic/necrotic cell death markers (DNA fragmentation, caspase 3 activity, and PARP activity). Baicalin administration on alternate day reduced fibrosis along with profibrotic gene expression, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and cell death whereas improving the function of mitochondrial electron transport chain. We observed baicalin enhanced NRF2 activation by nuclear translocation and induced its target genes HO-1 and GCLM, thus enhancing antioxidant defense. Interplay of oxidative stress/inflammation and NRF2 were key players for baicalin-mediated protection. Stellate cell activation is crucial for initiation of fibrosis. Baicalin alleviated stellate cell activation and modulated TIMP1, SMA, collagen 1, and fibronectin in vitro. This study indicates that baicalin might be beneficial for reducing inflammation and fibrosis in liver injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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Jannat S, Ali MY, Kim HR, Koirala P, Jung HA, Choi JS. Hepatoprotective effects of different combinations of sweet orange, Unshiu mikan, and mini tomato juice powders against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susoma Jannat
- Department of Food and Life Science; Pukyong National University; Busan 608-737 Republic of Korea
| | - Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Food and Life Science; Pukyong National University; Busan 608-737 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Rak Kim
- Department of Food and Life Science; Pukyong National University; Busan 608-737 Republic of Korea
| | - Prashamsa Koirala
- Department of Food and Life Science; Pukyong National University; Busan 608-737 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science; Pukyong National University; Busan 608-737 Republic of Korea
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Wang Z, Ka SO, Lee Y, Park BH, Bae EJ. Butein induction of HO-1 by p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in adipocytes attenuates high-fat diet induced adipose hypertrophy in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 799:201-210. [PMID: 28213287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress are key components in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in adipocytes protects against obesity and adipose dysfunction. In this study, we report the identification of butein, a flavonoid chalcone, as a novel inducer of HO-1 expression in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo. Butein upregulated HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, accompanied by Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein (Keap) 1 degradation and increase in the nuclear level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Butein modulation of Keap1 and Nrf2 as well as HO-1 upregulation was reversed by pretreatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, indicating the involvement of p38 MAPK in butein activation of Nrf2 in adipocytes. In addition, HO-1 activation by butein led to the inhibitions of reactive oxygen species and adipocyte differentiation, as evidenced by the fact that butein repression of reactive oxygen species and adipogenesis was reversed by pretreatment with HO-1 inhibitor SnPP. Induction of HO-1 expression by butein was also demonstrated in the adipose tissue of C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet administered along with butein for three weeks, and correlated with the inhibitions of adiposity and adipose tissue inflammation, which were reversed by co-administration of SnPP. Altogether, our results demonstrate that butein activates the p38 MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to act as a potent inhibitor of adipose hypertrophy and inflammation in a diet-induced obesity model and thus has potential for suppressing obesity-linked metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-O Ka
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngyi Lee
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Liao CC, Day YJ, Lee HC, Liou JT, Chou AH, Liu FC. ERK Signaling Pathway Plays a Key Role in Baicalin Protection Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:105-121. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes hepatocytes necrosis and acute liver failure. Baicalin (BA), a major flavonoid of Scutellariae radix, has potent hepatoprotective properties in traditional medicine. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of BA on a APAP-induced liver injury in a mouse model. The mice received an intraperitoneal hepatotoxic dose of APAP (300[Formula: see text]mg/kg) and after 30[Formula: see text]min, were treated with BA at concentrations of 0, 15, 30, or 60[Formula: see text]mg/kg. After 16[Formula: see text]h of treatment, the mice were sacrificed for further analysis. APAP administration significantly elevated the serum alanine transferase (ALT) enzyme levels and hepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity when compared with control animals. Baicalin treatment significantly attenuated the elevation of liver ALT levels, as well as hepatic MPO activity in a dose- dependent manner (15–60[Formula: see text]mg/kg) in APAP-treated mice. The strongest beneficial effects of BA were seen at a dose of 30[Formula: see text]mg/kg. BA treatment at 30[Formula: see text]mg/kg after APAP overdose reduced elevated hepatic cytokine (TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-6) levels, and macrophage recruitment around the area of hepatotoxicity in immunohistochemical staining. Significantly, BA treatment can also decrease hepatic phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression, which is induced by APAP overdose. Our data suggests that baicalin treatment can effectively attenuate APAP-induced liver injury by down-regulating the ERK signaling pathway and its downstream effectors of inflammatory responses. These results support that baicalin is a potential hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ji Day
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chen Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Tarng Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - An-Hsun Chou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Zhu Y, Fu Y, Lin H. Baicalin Inhibits Renal Cell Apoptosis and Protects Against Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Sepsis. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:5109-5115. [PMID: 28013315 PMCID: PMC5207012 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric sepsis has high morbidity in children, may lead to acute kidney injury (AKI), and further aggravate the disease. Baicalin is a kind of flavonoid in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and has been reported to protect against several diseases, but its roles in septic AKI remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the effects of baicalin in AKI during pediatric sepsis. Material/Methods Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) levels were detected in 50 pediatric patients, who underwent basic therapy with or without baicalin adjunctive therapy. Mouse sepsis models were constructed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and treated with baicalin intragastrically, after which BUN and Cr examination, TUNEL apoptosis assay, and expression analyses of BAX and BCL2 were performed. Results Baicalin adjunctive therapy significantly decreased BUN and Cr levels in pediatric sepsis patients (P<0.05). CLP led to elevated BUN and Cr levels in the mouse model (P<0.01), indicating kidney injury accompanied by sepsis. Baicalin decreased BUN and Cr levels (P<0.05), and reduced the apoptotic cell percent in the renal tissue (P<0.05) of the CLP model. It inhibited BAX and promoted BCL2 in the renal tissue, which was consistent with cell apoptosis changes. Conclusions Baicalin is capable of suppressing renal cell apoptosis and protecting against AKI in pediatric sepsis. This study provides a potential adjunctive therapy for treating AKI in pediatric sepsis, and further research is necessary to reveal its deeper mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yanxia Fu
- Department of Pediatrics I, Binzhou City Center Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hairong Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Baicalin Attenuates IL-17-Mediated Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in a Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166856. [PMID: 27855209 PMCID: PMC5113979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-17 has been shown to be involved in liver inflammatory disorders in both mice and humans. Baicalin (BA), a major compound extracted from traditional herb medicine (Scutellariae radix), has potent hepatoprotective properties. Previous study showed that BA inhibits IL-17-mediated lymphocyte adhesion and downregulates joint inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of IL-17 in the hepatoprotective effects of BA in an acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury mouse model. METHODS Eight weeks male C57BL/6 (B6) mice were used for this study. Mice received intraperitoneal hepatotoxic injection of APAP (300 mg/kg) and after 30 min of injection, the mice were treated with BA at a concentration of 30 mg/kg. After 16 h of treatment, mice were killed. Blood samples and liver tissues were harvested for analysis of liver injury parameters. RESULTS APAP overdose significantly increased the serum alanine transferase (ALT) levels, hepatic activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), expression of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity when compared with the control animals. BA treatment after APAP administration significantly attenuated the elevation of these parameters in APAP-induced liver injury mice. Furthermore, BA treatment could also decrease hepatic IL-17-producing γδT cells recruitment, which was induced after APAP overdose. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that baicalin treatment could effectively decrease APAP-induced liver injury in part through attenuation of hepatic IL-17 expression. These results indicate that baicalin is a potential hepatoprotective agent.
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Mohan S, Thiagarajan K, Sundaramoorthy B, Gurung V, Barpande M, Agarwal S, Chandrasekaran R. Alleviation of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide induced oxidative stress by Oroxylum indicum (L.) leaf extract in albino Wistar rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:229. [PMID: 27430309 PMCID: PMC4950254 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) is a mutagen known to be responsible for causing cancer by generating oxidative stress in humans. Oroxylum indicum (L.) possesses various bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. In this connection, the present study aims to analyze the alleviation of 4-NQO induced oxidative stress in albino Wistar rats using O. indicum (L.) leaf extract. Methods O. indicum (L.) belonging to the family Bignoniaceae, has anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we observed severe oxidative stress in 4-NQO induced albino Wistar rats when compared to untreated control. Alleviation of this condition was seen after the oral administration of O. indicum (L.) leaf extract at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight. Results 4-NQO (50 ppm) administration in drinking water resulted in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to cellular damage, lipid peroxidation and imbalance in antioxidant status. Administration of O. indicum (L.) leaf extract has alleviated the level of 4-NQO induced oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant status and decreasing the elevation of liver markers in serum. Conclusions Results clearly suggest that O. indicum (L.) leaf extract when administered orally in a dose dependent manner has the ability to overcome the oxidative stress induced by 4-NQO with hepatoprotective and lipid protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mohan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalaivani Thiagarajan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Sundaramoorthy
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivek Gurung
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manas Barpande
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shilpi Agarwal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajasekaran Chandrasekaran
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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25
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Chen Y, Minh LV, Liu J, Angelov B, Drechsler M, Garamus VM, Willumeit-Römer R, Zou A. Baicalin loaded in folate-PEG modified liposomes for enhanced stability and tumor targeting. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 140:74-82. [PMID: 26741267 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability of baicalin (BAI), an example of traditional Chinese medicine, has been modified by loading into liposome. Several liposome systems of different composition i.e., lipid/cholesterol (L), long-circulating stealth liposome (L-PEG) and folate receptor (FR)-targeted liposome (L-FA) have been used as the drug carrier for BAI. The obtained liposomes were around 80 nm in diameter with proper zeta potentials about -25 mV and sufficient physical stability in 3 months. The entrapment efficiency and loading efficiency of BAI in the liposomes were 41.0-46.4% and 8.8-10.0%, respectively. The morphology details of BAI lipsosome systems i.e., formation of small unilamellar vesicles, have been determined by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In vitro cytotoxicity of BAI liposomes against HeLa cells was evaluated by MTT assay. BAI loaded FR-targeted liposomes showed higher cytotoxicity and cellular uptake compared with non-targeted liposomes. The results suggested that L-FA-BAI could enhance anti-tumor efficiency and should be an effective FR-targeted carrier system for BAI delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Le Van Minh
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; NTT Institute of Hi-Technology (NIH), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Jianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Borislav Angelov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, CZ-16206 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Laboratory for Soft Matter Electron Microscopy, Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Vasil M Garamus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht: Centre for Materials and Coast Research, Institute of Materials Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht: Centre for Materials and Coast Research, Institute of Materials Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Aihua Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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Thanh HN, Thi Minh HP, Le TA, Thi Ly HD, Huu TN, Duc LV, Kim TD, Thanh TB. Ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Al-Sayed E, Abdel-Daim MM, Kilany OE, Karonen M, Sinkkonen J. Protective role of polyphenols from Bauhinia hookeri against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicity in mice. Ren Fail 2015; 37:1198-207. [PMID: 26382171 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1061886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity of a polyphenol-rich fraction (BHPF) obtained from Bauhinia hookeri was investigated against CCl4-induced acute hepatorenal toxicity in mice. BHPF was administered (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) for 5 days, then CCl4 was administered. BHPF pretreatment significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited the CCl4-induced increase in ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, total bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, urea and malondialdehyde in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, BHPF pretreatment markedly increased the contents of glutathione and superoxide dismutase in the liver and kidney tissues, indicating the strong in vivo antioxidant activity of BHPF. Pretreatment with BHPF preserved the hepatic architecture and conferred marked protection against necrosis and ballooning degeneration. Pretreatment with BHPF reduced the inflammatory cell aggregation and degenerative changes in the lining epithelium of the kidney tubules. It can be concluded that BHPF has a remarkable hepato- and nephroprotective activity by enhancing the antioxidant defense status, reducing lipid peroxidation and protecting against the histopathological changes induced by CCl4 in the liver and kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Al-Sayed
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain-Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- b Department of Pharmacoloy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Omnia E Kilany
- c Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt , and
| | - Maarit Karonen
- d Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Jari Sinkkonen
- d Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of total flavonoid C-glycosides from Abrus mollis extracts. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:590-8. [PMID: 25156284 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of the total flavonoid C-glycosides isolated from Abrus mollis extracts (AME). In the anti-inflammatory tests, xylene-induced ear edema model in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats were applied. The hepatoprotective effects of AME were evaluated with various in vivo models of acute and chronic liver injury, including carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatitis in mice, D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatitis in rats, as well as CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. In the acute inflammation experiment, AME significantly suppressed xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema, respectively. In the acute hepatitis tests, AME significantly attenuated the excessive release of ALT and AST induced by CCl4 and D-GalN. In CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis model, AME alleviated liver injury induced by CCl4 shown by histopathological sections of livers and improved liver function as indicated by decreased liver index, serum ALT, AST, TBIL, and ALP levels and hydroxyproline contents in liver tissues, and increased serum ALB and GLU levels. These results indicated that AME possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity in acute inflammation models and hepatoprotective activity in both acute and chronic liver injury models. In conclusion, AME is a potential anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective agent and a viable candidate for treating inflammation, hepatitis, and hepatic fibrosis.
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Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, Abdel-Daim MM, Karonen M, Singab AN. Protective effect of Terminalia muelleri against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepato and nephro-toxicity in mice and characterization of its bioactive constituents. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:303-313. [PMID: 25894213 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1035794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Terminalia is used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the hepatonephro protective activity of a polyphenol-rich fraction (TMEF) obtained from Terminalia muelleri Benth. (Combretaceae) against CCl4-induced toxicity in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS TMEF was administered (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/d) for 5 d. CCl4 was administered at the end of the experiment. Hepatic and renal biomarkers were measured in the serum. Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated in the liver and kidney tissues. The active constituents of TMEF were identified by HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS/MS. RESULTS TMEF is rich in ellagitannins, galloyl esters, phenolic acids, and flavone-C-glucosides. TMEF pretreatment significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited the CCl4-induced increase in ALT (17, 43, and 53%), AST (20, 46, and 58%), ALP (20, 48, and 56%), LDH (21, 47, and 58%), hepatic MDA (23, 49, and 54%), renal MDA (22, 35, and 52%), creatinine (48, 66, and 91%), uric acid (16, 34, and 59%), urea (22, 39, and 59%), and cholesterol (20, 27, and 46%). Furthermore, TMEF administration significantly (p < 0.001) increased hepatic GSH (15, 51, and 79%), renal GSH (23, 45, and 73%), hepatic SOD (9, 52, and 95%), renal SOD (39, 66, and 85%) and protein levels (17, 24, and 29%) at the tested doses of TMEF, respectively. Pretreatment with TMEF preserved the hepatic architecture and protected from ballooning degeneration, liver necrosis, renal inflammation, and degeneration of the kidney tubules. CONCLUSION TMEF has a marked hepato-nephro protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran Mohamed Fahmy
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- b Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt , and
| | - Maarit Karonen
- c Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Abdel Nasser Singab
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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Duval F, Moreno-Cuevas JE, González-Garza MT, Maldonado-Bernal C, Cruz-Vega DE. Liver fibrosis and mechanisms of the protective action of medicinal plants targeting inflammation and the immune response. Int J Inflam 2015; 2015:943497. [PMID: 25954568 PMCID: PMC4411506 DOI: 10.1155/2015/943497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a central feature of liver fibrosis as suggested by its role in the activation of hepatic stellate cells leading to extracellular matrix deposition. During liver injury, inflammatory cells are recruited in the injurious site through chemokines attraction. Thus, inflammation could be a target to reduce liver fibrosis. The pandemic trend of obesity, combined with the high incidence of alcohol intake and viral hepatitis infections, highlights the urgent need to find accessible antifibrotic therapies. Medicinal plants are achieving popularity as antifibrotic agents, supported by their safety, cost-effectiveness, and versatility. The aim of this review is to describe the role of inflammation and the immune response in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and detail the mechanisms of inhibition of both events by medicinal plants in order to reduce liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Duval
- Catedra de Terapia Celular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto 3000 Pte., 64710 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Jorge E. Moreno-Cuevas
- Catedra de Terapia Celular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto 3000 Pte., 64710 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - María Teresa González-Garza
- Catedra de Terapia Celular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto 3000 Pte., 64710 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Carmen Maldonado-Bernal
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez 162, 06720 Ciudad de México, DF, Mexico
| | - Delia Elva Cruz-Vega
- Catedra de Terapia Celular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto 3000 Pte., 64710 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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Protective and curative effects of the sea cucumber Holothuria atra extract against DMBA-induced hepatorenal diseases in rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:563652. [PMID: 25821811 PMCID: PMC4363541 DOI: 10.1155/2015/563652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common mechanism contributing to the initiation and progression of hepatic damage. Hence there is a great demand for the development of agents with potent antioxidant effect. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of Holothuria atra extract (HaE) as an antioxidant against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene- (DMBA-) induced hepatorenal dysfunction. Experimental animals were divided into two main groups: protective and curative. Each group was then divided into five subgroups pre- or posttreated either with distilled water (DMBA subgroups) or with HaE (200 mg/kg body weight) for seven and fourteen days. Single oral administration of DMBA (15 mg/kg body weight) to Wistar rats resulted in a significant increase in the serum liver enzymes and kidney function's parameters. DMBA increased level of liver malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the liver tissue, and induced liver histopathological alterations. Pre- or posttreatment with HaE orally for 14 days significantly reversed the hepatorenal alterations induced following DMBA administration. In conclusion, HaE exhibits good hepatoprotective, curative, and antioxidant potential against DMBA-induced hepatorenal dysfunction in rats that might be due to decreased free radical generation.
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Domitrović R, Cvijanović O, Šušnić V, Katalinić N. Renoprotective mechanisms of chlorogenic acid in cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Toxicology 2014; 324:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu F, Lin Y, Li Z, Ma X, Han Q, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Liu J, Li R, Li J, Gao L. Glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) release, an early indicator of acute hepatic injury in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 71:225-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li R, Cao S, Dai J, Wang L, Li L, Wang Y, Yin W, Ye Y. Effect of caffeic acid derivatives on polychlorinated biphenyls induced hepatotoxicity in male mice. J Biomed Res 2014; 28:423-8. [PMID: 25332715 PMCID: PMC4197394 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.28.20120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a potent inducer of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), in the environment and food can cause liver diseases. It remains unknown whether caffeic acid derivatives (CADs) exerted protective effect on PCB-induced hepatotoxicity. We sought to evaluate the activities of 3 CADs on PCB169-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in the liver. Male ICR mice were administered with 1 μmol/mL PCB169 at 5 mL/kg body weight for 2 weeks. The mice were given CADs by gastric gavage for 3 weeks. We found that PCB169 decreased the growth rate and reduced the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and GSH peroxidase (GPx). It increased the liver weight, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and CYP1A1 activity in the liver tissues and plasma of mice (P<0.05). Pretreatment of mice with CADs restored the above parameters to normal levels. There was a synergistic protective effect between CADs in preventing MDA and 8-OHdG formation and inducing CYP1A1 and phase II metabolism enzyme (SOD, GPx) activities (P<0.05). In conclusion, PCB169 induced hepatotoxicity and pretreatment with CADs had synergistic protective effects on liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Li
- The First People's Hospital of Suqian, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, Chian
| | - Shuyuan Cao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jinfeng Dai
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yubang Wang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Wenqin Yin
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yuting Ye
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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Li B, He M, Li W, Luo Z, Guo Y, Li Y, Zang C, Wang B, Li F, Li S, Ji P. Dissolution and pharmacokinetics of baicalin–polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:1670-8. [PMID: 24111594 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Baicalin–polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate was prepared with the aim of improving the dissolution and bioavailability of the baicalin.
Methods
The dissolution of the coprecipitate in capsule form was tested and compared with baicalin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) capsules. A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method was established to determine the concentration of baicalin in plasma. The liquid–liquid extraction and solid phase extraction methods were used to pretreat the baicalin plasma sample. The pharmacokinetics of the coprecipitate capsules were tested and compared with the API capsules in six beagle dogs after crossover oral administration.
Key findings
The results of the dissolution demonstrated that the dissolution of the coprecipitate capsules was 21.02, 2.02 and 3.29 times that of the API capsules in 0.1 mol/l HCl solution, pH 4.5 solution and water, respectively, but it was slightly lower than that of the API capsules in a pH 6.8 solution. The calibration curve showed a good linearity at concentrations between 3.648 ng/mL and 364.8 ng/mL (r = 0.998). The baicalin plasma sample was successfully pretreated, with endogenous impurities almost completely removed. The pharmacokinetics of the coprecipitate capsules and the API capsules indicated that the mean values of Cmax were 127.04 ± 10.6 and 27.49 ± 36 μg/l, and those of AUC(0-24h) were 1080.23 ± 336.43 and 337.84 ± 127.64 μg/l × h, respectively. Compared with the baicalin API capsules, the relative bioavailability of the coprecipitate capsules was 338.2% ± 93.2%.
Conclusions
From these observations of improved dissolution and pharmacokinetic behaviours, a good relationship was found in vitro and in vivo, indicating that the coprecipitate could be a promising formulation strategy for insoluble baicalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei He
- Office of Cancer Prevention and Control, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhibin Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunbao Zang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaolin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Current understanding on antihepatocarcinoma effects of xiao chai hu tang and its constituents. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:529458. [PMID: 23853661 PMCID: PMC3703324 DOI: 10.1155/2013/529458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Xiao Chai Hu Tang (XCHT), a compound formula originally recorded in an ancient Chinese medical book Shanghanlun, has been used to treat chronic liver diseases for a long period of time in China. Although extensive studies have been demonstrated the efficacy of this formula to treat chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocarcinoma, how it works against these diseases still awaits full understanding. Here, we firstly present an overview arranging from the entire formula to mechanism studies of single herb in XCHT and their active components, from a new perspective of "separation study," and we tried our best to both detailedly and systematically organize the antihepatocarcinoma effects of it, hoping that the review will facilitate the strive on elucidating how XCHT elicits its antihepatocarcinoma role.
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Iskusnykh IY, Popova TN, Agarkov AA, Pinheiro de Carvalho MÂA, Rjevskiy SG. Expression of Glutathione Peroxidase and Glutathione Reductase and Level of Free Radical Processes under Toxic Hepatitis in Rats. J Toxicol 2013; 2013:870628. [PMID: 23554813 PMCID: PMC3608198 DOI: 10.1155/2013/870628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlation between intensity of free radical processes estimated by biochemiluminesce parameters, content of lipoperoxidation products, and changes of glutathione peroxidase (GP, EC 1.11.1.9) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities at rats liver injury, after 12, 36, 70, 96, 110, and 125 hours & tetrachloromethane administration have been investigated. The histological examination of the liver sections of rats showed that prominent hepatocytes with marked vacuolisation and inflammatory cells which were arranged around the necrotic tissue are more at 96 h after exposure to CCl4. Moreover maximum increase in GR and GP activities, 2.1 and 2.5 times, respectively, was observed at 96 h after exposure to CCl4, what coincided with the maximum of free radical oxidation processes. Using a combination of reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction, expression of the glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase genes (Gpx1 and Gsr) was analyzed by the determination of their respective mRNAs in the rat liver tissue under toxic hepatitis conditions. The analyses of Gpx1 and Gsr expression revealed that the transcript levels increased in 2.5- and 3.0-folds, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that the amounts of hepatic Gpx1 and Gsr proteins increased considerably after CCl4 administration. It can be proposed that the overexpression of these enzymes could be a mechanism of enhancement of hepatocytes tolerance to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Y. Iskusnykh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Voronezh State University, University Square 1, Voronezh 394006, Russia
| | - Tatyana N. Popova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Voronezh State University, University Square 1, Voronezh 394006, Russia
| | - Aleksander A. Agarkov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Voronezh State University, University Square 1, Voronezh 394006, Russia
| | | | - Stanislav G. Rjevskiy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Voronezh State University, University Square 1, Voronezh 394006, Russia
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Chalasani N, Vuppalanchi R, Navarro V, Fontana R, Bonkovsky H, Barnhart H, Kleiner DE, Hoofnagle JH. Acute liver injury due to flavocoxid (Limbrel), a medical food for osteoarthritis: a case series. Ann Intern Med 2012; 156:857-60, W297-300. [PMID: 22711078 PMCID: PMC3825458 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-12-201206190-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavocoxid is a prescription medical food that is used to treat osteoarthritis. It is a proprietary blend of 2 flavonoids, baicalin and catechins, which are derived from the botanicals Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu, respectively. OBJECTIVE To describe characteristics of patients with acute liver injury suspected of being caused by flavocoxid. DESIGN Case series. SETTING Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network Prospective Study ongoing at multiple academic medical centers since 2004. PATIENTS Four adults with liver injury. MEASUREMENTS Clinical characteristics, liver biochemistry values, and outcomes. RESULTS Among 877 patients enrolled in the prospective study, 4 had liver injury suspected to have been caused by flavocoxid. All were women; ages ranged from 57 to 68 years. All developed symptoms and signs of liver injury within 1 to 3 months after initiating flavocoxid. Liver injury was characterized by marked elevations in levels of alanine aminotransferase (mean peak, 1268 U/L; range, 741 to 1540 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (mean peak, 510 U/L; range, 286 to 770 U/L), and serum bilirubin (mean peak, 160.7 µmol/L [9.4 mg/dL]; range, 34.2 to 356 µmol/L [2.0 to 20.8 mg/dL]). Liver biochemistry values decreased to the normal range within 3 to 12 weeks after flavocoxid was stopped, and all patients recovered without experiencing acute liver failure or chronic liver injury. Causality was adjudicated as highly likely in 3 patients and as possible in 1 patient. LIMITATION The frequency and mechanism of liver injury could not be assessed. CONCLUSION Flavocoxid can cause clinically significant liver injury, which seems to resolve within weeks after cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1050 Wishard Boulevard, RG 4100, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Tang Y, Gao C, Shi Y, Zhu L, Hu X, Wang D, Lv Y, Yang X, Liu L, Yao P. Quercetin attenuates ethanol-derived microsomal oxidative stress: Implication of haem oxygenase-1 induction. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Deng X, Xu Y, Gao Z, Li H. Iron overload-induced rat liver injury: Involvement of protein tyrosine nitration and the effect of baicalin. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 680:95-101. [PMID: 22306240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin has been reported to protect against liver injury in iron-overload mice, however, the mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective properties of baicalin are poorly understood. In this study, we systematically studied the protective effect of baicalin on iron overload induced liver injury, as well as the underlying mechanism based on nitrative stress in rat model. We found that when iron overload rats (500mgiron/kg) were fed baicalin-containing diet (0.3% and 1% w/w) for 45days, baicalin dose dependently protected against iron overload induced liver injury, including alleviation of hepatic pathological damage, decrease of SOD activity, iron content, carbonyl content, and the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances level in hepatic tissues. It also increased serum iron content, SH content and GPx activity, decreased serum ALT and AST activities. Immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that baicalin could also inhibit iron overload induced protein tyrosine nitration in liver. Moreover, in iron overload rat liver, we found that baicalin decreased the iron overload increased level of glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) expression, oxidation and nitration. These results suggest that not only oxidative stress, but also nitrative stress, is involved in iron overload induced liver injury, and the underlying mechanism might partially relate to the involvement of GSTs expression and post-translational modification. Baicalin can effectively prevent iron overload caused abnormality and can be a candidate medicine for iron overload diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
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Kim SJ, Lee SM. Effect of baicalin on toll-like receptor 4-mediated ischemia/reperfusion inflammatory responses in alcoholic fatty liver condition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 258:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sahebkar A. Baicalin as a potentially promising drug for the management of sulfur mustard induced cutaneous complications: a review of molecular mechanisms. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2011; 31:226-34. [PMID: 22107027 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2011.633950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a bifunctional alkylating agent with strong blistering, irritant, mutagenic and cytotoxic properties. SM has been widely deployed as a chemical warfare agent for over a century, leading to extensive casualties. Skin is among the first and most heavily damaged organs upon SM exposure. Unfortunately, a considerable fraction of SM-intoxicated patients are still suffering from chronic cutaneous complications. While these complications adversely affect patients' quality of life, there is as yet no ideal treatment for them and therapeutic options are limited and mainly symptomatic. During recent decades, remarkable progress has been made in understanding molecular mechanisms underlying SM-induced dermatotoxicity and several intra- and extracellular targets have been identified. This review argues that baicalin, a bioactive flavonoid from the roots of Scutellaria spp., could counteract different molecular and biochemical abnormalities that mediate SM dermatotoxicity and could therefore be regarded as a promising therapeutic option for the management of SM-induced cutaneous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran.
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González R, Ballester I, López-Posadas R, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F. Effects of flavonoids and other polyphenols on inflammation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:331-62. [PMID: 21432698 DOI: 10.1080/10408390903584094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a family of polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in nature (vegetables) and are consumed as part of the human diet in significant amounts. There are other types of polyphenols, including, for example, tannins and resveratrol. Flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds have significant antiinflammatory activity, among others. This short review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds on inflammation, with a focus on structural requirements, the mechanisms involved, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Different molecular (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) and cellular targets (macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelium) have been identified. In addition, many flavonoids display significant antioxidant/radical scavenging properties. There is substantial structural variation in these compounds, which is bound to have an impact on their biological profile, and specifically on their effects on inflammatory conditions. However, in general terms there is substantial consistency in the effects of these compounds despite considerable structural variations. The mechanisms have been studied mainly in myeloid cells, where the predominant effect is an inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the downregulation of the expression of proinflammatory markers. At present there is a gap in knowledge of in vitro and in vivo effects, although the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids has advanced considerably in the last decade. Many flavonoids have been studied for their intestinal antiinflammatory activity which is only logical, since the gastrointestinal tract is naturally exposed to them. However, their potential therapeutic application in inflammation is not restricted to this organ and extends to other sites and conditions, including arthritis, asthma, encephalomyelitis, and atherosclerosis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- R González
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Tien YC, Liao JC, Chiu CS, Huang TH, Huang CY, Chang WT, Peng WH. Esculetin ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-mediated hepatic apoptosis in rats. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4053-67. [PMID: 21747724 PMCID: PMC3131608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12064053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esculetin (ESC) is a coumarin that is present in several plants such as Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Artemisia capillaris. Our previous study found that FR ethanol extract (FREtOH) significantly ameliorated rats’ liver function. This study was intended to investigate the protective mechanism of ESC in hepatic apoptosis in rats induced by carbon tetrachloride. Rat hepatic apoptosis was induced by oral administration of CCl4. All rats were administered orally with CCl4 (20%, 0.5 mL/rat) twice a week for 8 weeks. Rats in the ESC groups were treated daily with ESC, and silymarin group were treated daily with silymarin. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as the activities of the anti-oxidative enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase in the liver were measured. In addition, expression of liver apoptosis proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins were detected. ESC (100, 500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the elevated activities of serum ALT and AST caused by CCl4 and significantly increased the activities of catalase, GPx and SOD. Furthermore, ESC (100, 500 mg/kg) significantly decreased the levels of the proapoptotic proteins (t-Bid, Bak and Bad) and significantly increased the levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL). ESC inhibited the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. In addition, the levels of activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 were significantly decreased in rats treated with ESC than those in rats treated with CCl4 alone. ESC significantly reduced CCl4-induced hepatic apoptosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chen Tien
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.T.); (C.-S.C.); (W.-T.C.)
| | - Jung-Chun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-C.L.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Chuan-Sung Chiu
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.T.); (C.-S.C.); (W.-T.C.)
- Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, 325, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hung Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-C.L.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Wen-Te Chang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.T.); (C.-S.C.); (W.-T.C.)
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.T.); (C.-S.C.); (W.-T.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366; Fax: +886-4-2407-5683
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Choi JH, Kim DW, Yun N, Choi JS, Islam MN, Kim YS, Lee SM. Protective effects of hyperoside against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1055-1060. [PMID: 21428416 DOI: 10.1021/np200001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of hyperoside (1), a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Artemisia capillaris, have been examined against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with vehicle or 1 (50, 100, and 200 mg·kg(-1)) 30 min before and 2 h after CCl4 (20 μL·kg(-1)) injection. Levels of serum aminotransferases were increased 24 h after CCl4 injection, and these increases were attenuated by 1. Histological analysis showed that 1 prevented portal inflammation, centrizonal necrosis, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia. Lipid peroxidation was increased and hepatic glutathione content was decreased significantly after CCl4 treatment, and these changes were reduced by administration of 1. Protein and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) significantly increased after CCl4 injection. Compound 1 suppressed TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression and augmented HO-1 protein and mRNA expression and Nrf2 nuclear protein expression. These results suggest that 1 has protective effects against CCl4-induced acute liver injury, and this protection is likely due to enhancement of the antioxidative defense system and suppression of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeongi-do, 440-746, Korea
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Li B, Wen M, Li W, He M, Yang X, Li S. Preparation and characterization of baicalin-poly -vinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate. Int J Pharm 2011; 408:91-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Colakoglu N, Kus I, Kukner A, Pekmez H, Ozan E, Sarsilmaz M. Protective Effects of CAPE on Liver Injury Induced by CCL4: An Electron Microscopy Study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2011; 35:26-30. [DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2010.527036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Qiao H, Han H, Hong D, Ren Z, Chen Y, Zhou C. Protective effects of baicalin on carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury by activating PPARγ and inhibiting TGFβ1. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:38-45. [PMID: 20687787 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.493179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Traditional Chinese herbal medicines have attracted considerable attention in many countries with treatment of several end-stage liver diseases. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the protective effects of baicalin on hepatotoxicity and hepatic fibrosis and explored the role of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors γ (PPARγ) on the rat liver injury model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat liver injury model was introduced by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) for 8 weeks. At week 5, rats were treated with baicalin of different doses or silymarin. Detection of biochemical indicators, histological analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were employed to evaluate severity of liver inflammation, and western blotting and RT-PCR assay were performed to evaluate TGFβ1 and PPARγ pathway related proteins and gene expression. RESULTS The administration of baicalin could significantly improve histological changes of CCl(4) treated rat livers and return biochemical indicators for liver injury to nearly baseline level. In addition, the increased expression of TGFβ1 was markedly suppressed by baicalin, and decreased expression of PPARγ was also dramatically elevated by baicalin as well. The hepatoprotective effects of baicalin may be conferred by elevating the level of PPARγ contributing to down-regulation of TGFβ1 signaling pathway and suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation. CONCLUSIONS The studies demonstrated that baicalin is a potent and promising antifibrotic drug in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Qiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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49
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Kim SJ, Moon YJ, Lee SM. Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:2003-2008. [PMID: 21087019 DOI: 10.1021/np100389z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The cytoprotective properties of baicalin (1), a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, have been investigated against injury to the liver caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Rats were subjected to 60 min of ischemia followed by 5 h of reperfusion, and 1 was administered intraperitoneally 24 and 1 h before ischemia. Following I/R, the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and hepatic lipid peroxidation were elevated, whereas the hepatic glutathione content was decreased, with these changes attenuated by 1. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were markedly increased by I/R, but suppressed by 1. Baicalin attenuated increases in inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and TNF receptor 1-associated protein expression and augmented an increase in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The increase in TNF-α, IL-6, and, COX-2 mRNA expression was attenuated by 1, while the increase in HO-1 mRNA expression was augmented. Nuclear factor-κB nuclear localization was inhibited by 1, and this compound limited the rate of mitochondrial swelling and the activation of caspases-3 and -8 observed in I/R rats. Rats treated with 1 had markedly fewer apoptotic cells than I/R rats. It was concluded that baicalin (1) exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, which protect against hepatocellular I/R-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Joo Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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50
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Domitrović R, Jakovac H, Blagojević G. Hepatoprotective activity of berberine is mediated by inhibition of TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS expression in CCl(4)-intoxicated mice. Toxicology 2010; 280:33-43. [PMID: 21095217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of isoquinoline alkaloid berberine on the CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Berberine was administered as a single dose at 5 and 10mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.), 1h before CCl(4) (10%, v/v in olive oil, 2ml/kg) injection and mice were euthanized 24h later. The rise in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in CCl(4)-intoxicated mice was markedly suppressed by berberine in a concentration-dependent manner. The decrease in hepatic activity of superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and an increase in lipid peroxidation were significantly prevented by berberine. Histopathological changes were reduced and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was markedly attenuated by berberine 10mg/mg. The results of this study indicate that berberine could be effective in protecting the liver from acute CCl(4)-induced injury. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of berberine may be related to the free radical scavenging and attenuation of oxidative/nitrosative stress, as well as to the inhibition of inflammatory response in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Domitrović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, Rijeka, Croatia.
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