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Asgari R, Mehran YZ, Weber HM, Weber M, Golestanha SA, Hosseini Kazerouni SM, Panahi F, Mohammadi P, Mansouri K. Management of oxidative stress for cell therapy through combinational approaches of stem cells, antioxidants, and photobiomodulation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106715. [PMID: 38301971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the recent decades, stem cell-based therapies have been considered as a beneficial approach for the treatment of various diseases. In these types of therapies, the stem cells and their products are used as treating agents. Despite the helpful efficacy of stem cell-based therapies, there may be challenges. Oxidative stress (OS) is one of these challenges that can affect the therapeutic properties of stem cells. Therefore, it seems that employing strategies for the reduction of OS in combination with stem cell therapy can lead to better results of these therapies. Based on the available evidence, antioxidant therapy and photobiomodulation (PBM) are strategies that can regulate the OS in the cells. Antioxidant therapy is a method in which various antioxidants are used in the therapeutic processes. PBM is also the clinical application of light that gained importance in medicine. Antioxidants and PBM can regulate OS by the effect on mitochondria as an important source of OS in the cells. Considering the importance of OS in pathologic pathways and its effect on the treatment outcomes of stem cells, in the present review first the stem cell therapy and effects of OS on this type of therapy are summarized. Then, antioxidant therapy and PBM as approaches for reducing OS with a focus on mitochondrial function are discussed. Also, a novel combination treatment with the hope of achieving better and more stable outcomes in the treatment process of diseases is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Asgari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yasaman Zandi Mehran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hans Michael Weber
- International Society of Medical Laser Applications, Lauenfoerde, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Farzad Panahi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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San-Martín-Martínez D, Serrano-Lemus D, Cornejo V, Gajardo AIJ, Rodrigo R. Pharmacological Basis for Abrogating Myocardial Reperfusion Injury Through a Multi-Target Combined Antioxidant Therapy. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61:1203-1218. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A Emara A, H Mohamed M, S Nada E, A Hashem N, S Mahmoud E, M Abd-Elmonem A, Y Talab E, N Hameed A, M Dabbash O, Amir S, A Abd-Elgwad M, H Mohamed A, S Othman A, S Mansour M, A Ali A, A Hussein M. Astaxanthin Attenuates D-Galactosamine-Induced Pancreatic Injury by Activating Antioxidant Enzymes and Inhibiting VEGF-C Gene Expression. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:191-200. [PMID: 35234009 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.191.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β-β-carotene-4,4'-dione) is a carotenoid, commonly found in marine environments has been reported to possess versatile biological properties including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In this study, the pancreatic protective effect of astaxanthin was investigated in D-Galactosamine-induced pancreas injury in rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In this experimental study, MTT assay was used to determine cytotoxic effects of the Astaxanthin on pnc1 cells. A total of 30 adult albino rats divided into 5 groups, six rats in each. Group I was given an equal amount of distilled water, group II was received 400 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt. D-galactosamine on 15th day, groups III-V were treated with astaxanthin (50 and 100 mg kg<sup>1</sup>) and/or silymarin (50 mg kg<sup>1</sup>) for 14 days + 400 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt. D-galactosamine on the 15th day, respectively. <b>Results:</b> IC<sub>50 </sub>of Astaxanthin against the pnc1 cell line was 92.9 μg mL<sup>1</sup>. The daily oral administration of astaxanthin (50 and 100 mg kg<sup>1</sup>) as well as silymarin (50 mg kg<sup>1</sup>) for 14 days to rats treated with D-galactosamine resulted in a significant improvement in plasma AST, ALT, ALP as well as pancreatic TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, NO and VEGF-C gene expression. On the other hand, inducible oral administration of astaxanthin increased the activity of pancreatic GSH, SOD, GPx, GR, CAT and the level of TBARs in D-galactosamine-treated pancreatic of rats. Furthermore, Astaxanthin almost normalized these effects in pancreatic tissue histoarchitecture and MRI examination. <b>Conclusion:</b> The obtained results showed that Astaxanthin protected experimental animals against D-galactosamine-induced pancreatic injury through activation of antioxidant enzymes and IL-10 and inhibition of VEGF-C activation.
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Novel Combined Antioxidant Strategy against Hypertension, Acute Myocardial Infarction and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060620. [PMID: 34070760 PMCID: PMC8228412 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a physiological role in the modulation of several functions of the vascular wall; however, increased ROS have detrimental effects. Hence, oxidative stress has pathophysiological impacts on the control of the vascular tone and cardiac functions. Recent experimental studies reported the involvement of increased ROS in the mechanism of hypertension, as this disorder associates with increased production of pro-oxidants and decreased bioavailability of antioxidants. In addition, increased ROS exposure is found in ischemia-reperfusion, occurring in acute myocardial infarction and cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation, among other settings. Although these effects cause major heart damage, at present, there is no available treatment. Therefore, it should be expected that antioxidants counteract the oxidative processes, thereby being suitable against cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, although numerous experimental studies agree with this notion, interventional trials have provided mixed results. A better knowledge of ROS modulation and their specific interaction with the molecular targets should contribute to the development of novel multitarget antioxidant effective therapeutic strategies. The complex multifactorial nature of hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, and postoperative atrial fibrillation needs a multitarget antioxidant strategy, which may give rise to additive or synergic protective effects to achieve optimal cardioprotection.
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In Vitro Wound Healing Potential of Photobiomodulation Is Possibly Mediated by Its Stimulatory Effect on AKT Expression in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6664627. [PMID: 33505585 PMCID: PMC7811432 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6664627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) serve as a therapeutic approach for wound healing. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on antioxidant enzymes in ADSCs. Four ADSC cell models, namely, normal, wounded, diabetic, and diabetic wounded, were irradiated with 660 nm (fluence of 5 J/cm2 and power density of 11.2 mW/cm2) or 830 nm (fluence of 5 J/cm2 and power density of 10.3 mW/cm2). Nonirradiated cells served as controls. Cell morphology and wound migration were determined using light microscopy. Cell viability was determined by the trypan blue exclusion assay. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and heme oxygenase (HMOX1)). AKT activation and FOXO1 levels were determined by immunofluorescence and western blotting. The gaps (wound) in PBM-treated wounded and diabetic wounded cell models closed faster than the controls. PBM treatment significantly increased antioxidant levels in all cell models. This reflects that oxidative stress is reduced on the counterpart of increased antioxidant levels. This might be due to the activation of the AKT signaling pathway as evidenced by the increased AKT signals via western blotting and immunofluorescence. This data suggests that PBM promotes wound healing by increasing antioxidant levels by activating AKT signaling.
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Jiang SJ, Huang CH. The Clinical Efficacy of N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Int Heart J 2020; 62:142-147. [PMID: 33390565 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched systematically from the establishment of the database to June 2020. Two researchers independently completed literature screening and data extraction and conducted a meta-analysis.Nine articles including 1419 patients were enrolled. Meta-analysis showed that all-cause mortality [RR = 0.56, 95%CI (0.33, 0.93), P = 0.02], occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) [RR = 0.63, 95%CI (0.47, 0.85), P = 0.002], and myocardial enzyme hs-TnT level [SMD = -0.42, 95%CI (-0.71, -0.13), P = 0.005] were significantly lower in patients with STEMI treated with NAC than those in the control group. There was no significant difference between the NAC group and the control group in new congestive heart failure [RR = 0.94, 95%CI (0.48, 1.82), P = 0.84], ejection fraction [MD = 2.00, 95%CI (-0.59, 4.60), P = 0.13], and CK-MB [SMD = -0.18, 95%CI (-0.47, 0.11), P = 0.23]. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the NAC group and the control group [RR = 1.04, 95%CI (0.57-1.89), P = 0.90].NAC can reduce the all-cause mortality and MACE cases of STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Cheng-Hu Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine
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Yosef B, Zhou Y, Mouschouris K, Poteracki J, Soker S, Criswell T. N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Reduces Fibrosis and Improves Muscle Function After Acute Compartment Syndrome Injury. Mil Med 2020; 185:25-34. [PMID: 32074330 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Upon injury, skeletal muscle undergoes a multiphase process beginning with degeneration of the damaged tissue, which is accompanied by inflammation and finally regeneration. One consequence of an injured microenvironment is excessive production of reactive oxygen species, which results in attenuated regeneration and recovery of function ultimately leading to fibrosis and disability. The objective of this research was to test the potential of the antioxidant, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC), as a mediator of reactive oxygen species damage that results from traumatic muscle injury in order to support repair and regeneration of wounded muscle tissue and improve function recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult female Lewis rats were subjected to compartment syndrome injury as previously published by our group. Rats received intramuscular injections of NAC or vehicle at 24, 48, and 72 hours postinjury. Muscle function, tissue fibrosis, and the expression of myogenic and angiogenic markers were measured. RESULTS Muscle function was significantly improved, and tissue fibrosis was significantly decreased in NAC-treated muscles. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NAC treatment of skeletal muscle after injury may be a viable option for the prevention of long-term fibrosis and scar formation, facilitating recovery of muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyam Yosef
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Young Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yu Zhou
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Kathryn Mouschouris
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - James Poteracki
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Tracy Criswell
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Young Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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Progression of heart failure is attenuated by antioxidant therapy with N-acetylcysteine in myocardial infarcted female rats. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8645-8656. [PMID: 33048324 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic potential of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of heart failure in female rats. Myocardial infarcted (MI) rats were given NAC (250 mg/kg/day p.o.) during 28 days after surgery (MI + NAC) or vehicle (MI + Placebo), and sham-operated rats received the same treatments (Sham + NAC and Sham + Placebo). Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic analyses were performed in the last week of treatment. Cardiac mRNA levels of types I and II superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, types I and III glutathione peroxidase (GPX), nerve growth factor (NGF), β1-adrenergic receptor (β1ADR), and type 2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) were assessed. Cardiac levels NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, total content of reduced thiols, and SOD, GPX, and catalase activity were assessed. Compared to MI + Placebo group, MI + NAC group exhibited decreased NOX activity, increased content of reduced thiols, increased GPX activity, and normalized GPX III mRNA levels (p < 0.05). Heart and lung weights, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume and left atrium/aorta ratio were decreased, while LV posterior wall thickness and ejection fraction were increased in MI + NAC group versus MI + Placebo rats (p < 0.05). Power density of low frequency band was decreased, while power density of high frequency and the root mean square of the successive differences were increased in MI + NAC rats versus MI + Placebo (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that NAC promotes therapeutic effects in the progression of MI-induced heart failure in female rats.
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He F, Zheng G, Hou J, Hu Q, Ling Q, Wu G, Zhao H, Yang J, Wang Y, Jiang L, Tang W, Yang Z. N-acetylcysteine alleviates post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction and improves survival outcomes via partly inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome induced-pyroptosis. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2020; 17:25. [PMID: 32782443 PMCID: PMC7409674 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-020-00255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is necessary to initiate acute sterile inflammation. Increasing evidence indicates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome induced pyroptosis is closely related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the sterile inflammatory response triggered by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant and plays a protective role in local myocardial I/R injury, while its effect on post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction, as well as its mechanisms, remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of NAC on post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction in a cardiac arrest rat model, and whether its underlying mechanism may be linked to ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis. Methods The rats were randomized into three groups: (1) sham group, (2) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) group, and (3) CPR + NAC group. CPR group and CPR + NAC group went through the induction of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and resuscitation. After return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), rats in the CPR and CPR + NAC groups were again randomly divided into two subgroups, ROSC 6 h and ROSC 72 h, for further analysis. Hemodynamic measurements and myocardial function were measured by echocardiography, and western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins. Results Results showed that after treatment with NAC, there was significantly better myocardial function and survival duration; protein expression levels of NLRP3, adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), Cleaved-Caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in myocardial tissues were significantly decreased; and inflammatory cytokines levels were reduced. The marker of oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with NAC treatment. Conclusions NAC improved myocardial dysfunction and prolonged animal survival duration in a rat model of cardiac arrest. Moreover, possibly by partly inhibiting ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pryoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian He
- The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Jingying Hou
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Qiaohua Hu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Qin Ling
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
| | - Gongfa Wu
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Jin Yang
- The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Yue Wang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Longyuan Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Wanchun Tang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China.,Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China.,Zeng Cheng District People's Hospital of Guang Zhou, Guangzhou, 511300 China
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The Association of Ascorbic Acid, Deferoxamine and N-Acetylcysteine Improves Cardiac Fibroblast Viability and Cellular Function Associated with Tissue Repair Damaged by Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120614. [PMID: 31817022 PMCID: PMC6943610 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and thus, an extensively studied disease. Nonetheless, the effects of ischemia/reperfusion injury elicited by oxidative stress on cardiac fibroblast function associated with tissue repair are not completely understood. Ascorbic acid, deferoxamine, and N-acetylcysteine (A/D/N) are antioxidants with known cardioprotective effects, but the potential beneficial effects of combining these antioxidants in the tissue repair properties of cardiac fibroblasts remain unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the pharmacological association of these antioxidants, at low concentrations, could confer protection to cardiac fibroblasts against simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. To test this, neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion in the presence or absence of A/D/N treatment added at the beginning of simulated reperfusion. Cell viability was assessed using trypan blue staining, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed using a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate probe. Cell death was measured by flow cytometry using propidium iodide. Cell signaling mechanisms, differentiation into myofibroblasts and pro-collagen I production were determined by Western blot, whereas migration was evaluated using the wound healing assay. Our results show that A/D/N association using a low concentration of each antioxidant increased cardiac fibroblast viability, but that their separate administration did not provide protection. In addition, A/D/N association attenuated oxidative stress triggered by simulated ischemia/reperfusion, induced phosphorylation of pro-survival extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and PKB (protein kinase B)/Akt, and decreased phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic proteins p38- mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, treatment with A/D/N also reduced reperfusion-induced apoptosis, evidenced by a decrease in the sub-G1 population, lower fragmentation of pro-caspases 9 and 3, as well as increased B-cell lymphoma-extra large protein (Bcl-xL)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) ratio. Furthermore, simulated ischemia/reperfusion abolished serum-induced migration, TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor beta 1)-mediated cardiac fibroblast-to-cardiac myofibroblast differentiation, and angiotensin II-induced pro-collagen I synthesis, but these effects were prevented by treatment with A/D/N. In conclusion, this is the first study where a pharmacological combination of A/D/N, at low concentrations, protected cardiac fibroblast viability and function after simulated ischemia/reperfusion, and thereby represents a novel therapeutic approach for cardioprotection.
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Qin X, Gao S, Yang Y, Wu L, Wang L. microRNA-25 promotes cardiomyocytes proliferation and migration via targeting Bim. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22103-22115. [PMID: 31058341 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are pleiotropic players in cardiac development. Recent evidence have suggested miRNAs as promisingly therapeutic targets for cardiac regeneration. This study aimed to reveal the potential effects of miR-25 on cardiomyocytes proliferation and migration. Sprague-Dawley rats received left coronary occlusion surgery to induce an in vivo model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Expression changes of miR-25 and Bim were tested by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Besides, primary neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes were transfected by the antisense oligonucleotides or mimic specific for miR-25, and then 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), Boyden chamber, and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were respectively used to determine cardiomyocytes growth and migration. Binding effects of miR-25 on the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of Bim was assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. We found that miR-25 was low expressed, whereas Bim was highly expressed in I/R injury model and hypoxia-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Downregulation of miR-25 in neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes markedly reduced cell proliferation and migration, but promoted apoptosis. Consistently, downregulation of miR-25 decreased the expression of cyclin E2, cyclin D1, and CDK4, and increased the expression of p57 (KIP2) in cardiomyocytes. We additionally found that Bim was a target of miR-25. The inhibitory effects of miR-25 downregulation on cardiomyocytes survival and migration were all significantly attenuated when Bim was silenced. To sum up, our study demonstrates that miR-25 downregulation inhibits cardiomyocytes proliferation and migration, but promotes apoptosis. The role of miR-25 in cardiomyocytes was by targeting Bim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Qin
- Department of Emergency, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Shufang Gao
- Department of Emergency, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Yadong Yang
- Department of Emergency, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Leilei Wu
- Department of Emergency, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
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Zaki SM, Abdalla IL, Sadik AOE, Mohamed EA, Kaooh S. Protective Role of N-Acetylcysteine on Isoprenaline-Induced Myocardial Injury: Histological, Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Study. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 18:9-23. [PMID: 28439707 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Several researchers studied the protective effect of the N-acetylcysteine (NAC) when it was given before the induction of myocardial infarction (MI). Other researchers studied such protective effect when it was before done and after done of the MI. The missing data are the comparison between the protective effect of NAC before myocardial injury with its protective effect both before and after myocardial injury. The aim of the study was to compare the cardioprotective effect of NAC on the isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury before the isoprenaline (ISP) injection with its protective effect both before and after the ISP injection. This study was applied over both short and long time periods. A total of 90 male adult Wistar albino rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into four groups: control group, ISP-treated group, NAC-pretreated group and NAC-pre-& posttreated group. Based on the duration of the experiment, the second and third groups were further subdivided into a and b groups. Histological, immunohistochemical and histomorphometric analysis were used. The myocytes in the ISP-treated groups were fragmented, disrupted with karyolysis. The blood vessels were dilated, congested and associated with blood extravasation, interstitial edema and cellular inflammatory infiltration. Much improvement was observed in the NAC-pretreated group. Focal degeneration was detected in the muscle fibers. The capillaries were normal. Minimal blood extravasation and cellular infiltration were seen. The cardiac muscle fibers in the NAC-pre-& posttreated group were regularly arranged. The mean collagen fiber area percent of the ISP-treated groups was significantly higher by 8.3-folds and 10.1-folds as compared with that of the control group and was also higher by 5.5-folds and 6.8-folds as compared with that of the NAC-pre-&posttreated groups. The α-SMA area percent in the ISP-treated groups was significantly higher by 12.2-folds and 23.9-folds as compared with that of the control group and was higher by 7.5-folds and 15-folds as compared with that of the NAC-pre-& posttreated groups. The mean PCNA area percent of the ISP-treated groups was significantly higher by 126.2 and 164.8% as compared with that of the control group and was higher by 106.3 and 141.5% as compared with that of NAC-pre-& posttreated groups. ISP had deleterious effects on the heart. Administration of NAC before ISP injection could largely reduce the ISP-induced short- and long-term alterations. The protection was maximum with the use of NAC before the ISP injection and continued after the injection for 12 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Enas Ahmad Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Kasr Alainy, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah Kaooh
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Kasr Alainy, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Ali T, Mushtaq I, Maryam S, Farhan A, Saba K, Jan MI, Sultan A, Anees M, Duygu B, Hamera S, Tabassum S, Javed Q, da Costa Martins PA, Murtaza I. Interplay of N acetyl cysteine and melatonin in regulating oxidative stress-induced cardiac hypertrophic factors and microRNAs. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 661:56-65. [PMID: 30439361 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Early and specific diagnosis of oxidative stress linked diseases as cardiac heart diseases remains a major dilemma for researchers and clinicians. MicroRNAs may serve as a better tool for specific early diagnostics and propose their utilization in future molecular medicines. We aimed to measure the microRNAs expressions in oxidative stress linked cardiac hypertrophic condition induced through stimulants as Endothelin and Isoproterenol. Cardiac hypertrophic animal models were confirmed by BNP, GATA4 expression, histological assays, and increased cell surface area. High oxidative stress (ROS level) and decreased antioxidant activities were assessed in hypertrophied groups. Enhanced expression of miR-152, miR-212/132 while decreased miR-142-3p expression was observed in hypertrophic condition. Similar pattern of these microRNAs was detected in HL-1 cells treated with H2O2. Upon administration of antioxidants, the miRNAs expression pattern altered from that of the cardiac hypertrophied model. Present investigation suggests that oxidative stress generated during the cardiac pathology may directly or indirectly regulate anti-hypertrophy pathway elements through microRNAs including antioxidant enzymes, which need further investigation. The down-regulation of free radical scavengers make it easier for the oxidative stress to play a key role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam, University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Iram Mushtaq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam, University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sonia Maryam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam, University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Anam Farhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam, University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Saba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam, University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq Jan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam, University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aneesa Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam, University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Anees
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam, University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Burcu Duygu
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sadia Hamera
- SBASSE, LUMS, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan; MNF/Institut für Biowissenschaften (IfBI), University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Sobia Tabassum
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, IIUI, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Javed
- Preston University - Islamabad Campus, Preston Institute for Nano Science and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Paula A da Costa Martins
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Iram Murtaza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam, University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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González-Montero J, Brito R, Gajardo AIJ, Rodrigo R. Myocardial reperfusion injury and oxidative stress: Therapeutic opportunities. World J Cardiol 2018; 10:74-86. [PMID: 30344955 PMCID: PMC6189069 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v10.i9.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Its associated mortality, morbidity and complications have significantly decreased with the development of interventional cardiology and percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCA) treatment, which quickly and effectively restore the blood flow to the area previously subjected to ischemia. Paradoxically, the restoration of blood flow to the ischemic zone leads to a massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which generate rapid and severe damage to biomolecules, generating a phenomenon called myocardial reperfusion injury (MRI). In the clinical setting, MRI is associated with multiple complications such as lethal reperfusion, no-reflow, myocardial stunning, and reperfusion arrhythmias. Despite significant advances in the understanding of the mechanisms accounting for the myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, it remains an unsolved problem. Although promising results have been obtained in experimental studies (mainly in animal models), these benefits have not been translated into clinical settings. Thus, clinical trials have failed to find benefits from any therapy to prevent MRI. There is major evidence with respect to the contribution of oxidative stress to MRI in cardiovascular diseases. The lack of consistency between basic studies and clinical trials is not solely based on the diversity inherent in epidemiology but is also a result of the methodological weaknesses of some studies. It is quite possible that pharmacological issues, such as doses, active ingredients, bioavailability, routes of administration, co-therapies, startup time of the drug intervention, and its continuity may also have some responsibility for the lack of consistency between different studies. Furthermore, the administration of high ascorbate doses prior to reperfusion appears to be a safe and rational therapy against the development of oxidative damage associated with myocardial reperfusion. In addition, the association with N-acetylcysteine (a glutathione donor) and deferoxamine (an iron chelator) could improve the antioxidant cardioprotection by ascorbate, making it even more effective in preventing myocardial reperfusion damage associated with PCA following AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime González-Montero
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 70058, Chile
| | - Roberto Brito
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 70058, Chile
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santiago 70058, Chile
| | - Abraham IJ Gajardo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 70058, Chile
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santiago 70058, Chile
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 70058, Chile
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Abstract
Stem cell aging is a process in which stem cells progressively lose their ability to self-renew or differentiate, succumb to senescence or apoptosis, and eventually become functionally depleted. Unresolved oxidative stress and concomitant oxidative damages of cellular macromolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates have been recognized to contribute to stem cell aging. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species and insufficient cellular antioxidant reserves compromise cell repair and metabolic homeostasis, which serves as a mechanistic switch for a variety of aging-related pathways. Understanding the molecular trigger, regulation, and outcomes of those signaling networks is critical for developing novel therapies for aging-related diseases by targeting stem cell aging. Here we explore the key features of stem cell aging biology, with an emphasis on the roles of oxidative stress in the aging process at the molecular level. As a concept of cytoprotection of stem cells in transplantation, we also discuss how systematic enhancement of endogenous antioxidant capacity before or during graft into tissues can potentially raise the efficacy of clinical therapy. Finally, future directions for elucidating the control of oxidative stress and developing preventive/curative strategies against stem cell aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,2 Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- 3 GMH Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Morihara H, Obana M, Tanaka S, Kawakatsu I, Tsuchiyama D, Mori S, Suizu H, Ishida A, Kimura R, Tsuchimochi I, Maeda M, Yoshimitsu T, Fujio Y, Nakayama H. 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate provides an anti-oxidative effect and mediates cardioprotection during ischemia reperfusion in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189948. [PMID: 29267336 PMCID: PMC5739451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired Ca2+ homeostasis play central roles in the development of multiple cardiac pathologies, including cell death during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In several organs, treatment with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) was shown to have protective effects, generally believed to be due to Ca2+ channel inhibition. However, the mechanism of 2-APB-induced cardioprotection has not been fully investigated. Herein we investigated the protective effects of 2-APB treatment against cardiac pathogenesis and deciphered the underlying mechanisms. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, treatment with 2-APB was shown to prevent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) -induced cell death by inhibiting the increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels. However, no 2-APB-sensitive channel blocker inhibited H2O2-induced cell death and a direct reaction between 2-APB and H2O2 was detected by 1H-NMR, suggesting that 2-APB chemically scavenges extracellular ROS and provides cytoprotection. In a mouse I/R model, treatment with 2-APB led to a considerable reduction in the infarct size after I/R, which was accompanied by the reduction in ROS levels and neutrophil infiltration, indicating that the anti-oxidative properties of 2-APB plays an important role in the prevention of I/R injury in vivo as well. Taken together, present results indicate that 2-APB treatment induces cardioprotection and prevents ROS-induced cardiomyocyte death, at least partially, by the direct scavenging of extracellular ROS. Therefore, administration of 2-APB may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ROS-related cardiac pathology including I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Morihara
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikki Kawakatsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuchiyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Mori
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suizu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishida
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rumi Kimura
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Izuru Tsuchimochi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Maeda
- Educational and Research Unit of Pharm.D. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yoshimitsu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Yang YF, Peng K, Liu H, Meng XW, Zhang JJ, Ji FH. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning for myocardial protection in ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats by downregulation of the high mobility group box 1-toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor κB signalling pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:353-361. [PMID: 27998004 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological preconditioning reduces myocardial infarct size in ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Dexmedetomidine, a selective α2 -adrenoceptor agonist, has a proven cardioprotective effect when administered prior to I-R, although the underlying mechanisms for this effect are not fully understood. We evaluated whether dexmedetomidine preconditioning could induce a myocardio-protective effect against I-R injury by inhibiting associated inflammatory processes through downregulation of the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway. Seventy rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: a control and six test groups, involving I-R for 30 and 120 minutes, respectively, in isolated rat hearts and different pretreatment protocols with dexmedetomidine (10 nmol/L) as well as yohimbine (1 μmol/L) and recombinant HMGB1 peptide (rHMGB1; 20 μg/L), alone or in combination with dexmedetomidine. Cardiac function was recorded; myocardial HMGB1, TLR4, and NF-κB activities and levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured as were lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in coronary outflow. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning significantly improved cardiac function (P<.05), downregulated the expression of HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB, reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in isolated ventricles during I-R injury, and significantly reduced CK and LDH levels in coronary outflow (P<.05). All of these effects were partially reversed by yohimbine (P<.05) or rHMGB1 (P<.05). Dexmedetomidine preconditioning alleviated myocardial I-R injury in rats through inhibition of inflammatory processes associated with downregulation of the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signalling pathway via activation at α2 -adrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Xiao-Wen Meng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu-Hai Ji
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Thummasorn S, Shinlapawittayatorn K, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. High-dose Humanin analogue applied during ischemia exerts cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 35. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Savitree Thummasorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
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19
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Addition of Sodium Pyruvate to Stored Red Blood Cells Attenuates Liver Injury in a Murine Transfusion Model. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3549207. [PMID: 27746589 PMCID: PMC5056311 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3549207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RBCs undergo numerous changes during storage and stored RBCs may induce adverse effects, ultimately resulting in organ injury in transfusion recipients. We tested the hypothesis that the addition of SP to stored RBCs would improve the quality of the stored RBCs and mitigate liver injury after transfusion in a murine model. RBCs were harvested from C57BL/6J mice and stored for 14 days in CPDA-1 containing either a solution of SP in saline or saline alone. Haemolysis, the 24-hour posttransfusion recovery, the oxygen-carrying capacity, and the SOD activity of stored RBCs were evaluated. The plasma biochemistry, hepatic MDA level, MPO activity, IL-6, TNF-α concentrations, and histopathology were measured two hours after the transfusion of stored RBCs. Compared with RBCs stored in CPDA-1 and saline, the addition of SP to stored RBCs restored their oxygen-carrying capacity and SOD activity, reduced the AST activity, BUN concentrations, and LDH activity in the plasma, and decreased the MDA level, MPO activity, and concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in the liver. These data indicate that the addition of SP to RBCs during storage has a beneficial effect on storage lesions in vitro and subsequently alleviates liver injury after the transfusion of stored RBCs in vivo.
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Haller M, Khalid S, Kremser L, Fresser F, Furlan T, Hermann M, Guenther J, Drasche A, Leitges M, Giorgio M, Baier G, Lindner H, Troppmair J. Novel Insights into the PKCβ-dependent Regulation of the Oxidoreductase p66Shc. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23557-23568. [PMID: 27624939 PMCID: PMC5095410 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to the development of many diseases and pathological conditions through the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and, where studied, ablation of p66Shc (p66) was beneficial. p66 translocates to the mitochondria and oxidizes cytochrome c to yield H2O2, which in turn initiates cell death. PKCβ-mediated phosphorylation of serine 36 in p66 has been implicated as a key regulatory step preceding mitochondrial translocation, ROS production, and cell death, and PKCβ thus may provide a target for therapeutic intervention. We performed a reassessment of PKCβ regulation of the oxidoreductase activity of p66. Although our experiments did not substantiate Ser36 phosphorylation by PKCβ, they instead provided evidence for Ser139 and Ser213 as PKCβ phosphorylation sites regulating the pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic function of p66. Mutation of another predicted PKCβ phosphorylation site also located in the phosphotyrosine binding domain, threonine 206, had no phenotype. Intriguingly, p66 with Thr206 and Ser213 mutated to glutamic acid showed a gain-of-function phenotype with significantly increased ROS production and cell death induction. Taken together, these data argue for a complex mechanism of PKCβ-dependent regulation of p66 activation involving Ser139 and a motif surrounding Ser213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Haller
- From the Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery
| | - Sana Khalid
- From the Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery
| | - Leopold Kremser
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Protein Micro-Analysis Facility
| | - Friedrich Fresser
- Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Division of Translational Cell Genetics, and
| | - Tobias Furlan
- From the Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Guenther
- From the Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery
| | - Astrid Drasche
- From the Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery
| | | | - Marco Giorgio
- the European Institute of Oncology, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Gottfried Baier
- Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Division of Translational Cell Genetics, and
| | - Herbert Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Protein Micro-Analysis Facility
| | - Jakob Troppmair
- From the Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery,
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21
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Şentürk T, Çavun S, Avcı B, Yermezler A, Serdar Z, Savcı V. Effective inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the combination of trimetazidine and N-acetylcysteine in a rat model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:760-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Stem cell aging: mechanisms, regulators and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Med 2014; 20:870-80. [PMID: 25100532 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging tissues experience a progressive decline in homeostatic and regenerative capacities, which has been attributed to degenerative changes in tissue-specific stem cells, stem cell niches and systemic cues that regulate stem cell activity. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in this age-dependent deterioration of stem cell function will be critical for developing new therapies for diseases of aging that target the specific causes of age-related functional decline. Here we explore key molecular pathways that are commonly perturbed as tissues and stem cells age and degenerate. We further consider experimental evidence both supporting and refuting the notion that modulation of these pathways per se can reverse aging phenotypes. Finally, we ask whether stem cell aging establishes an epigenetic 'memory' that is indelibly written or one that can be reset.
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Shimada K, Uzui H, Ueda T, Lee JD, Kishimoto C. N-Acetylcysteine Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis in Rats via Nitric Oxide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 20:203-10. [PMID: 25147347 DOI: 10.1177/1074248414547574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of myocarditis. We investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS A rat model of porcine myosin-induced EAM was used. After the immunization with myosin, NAC (20 mg/kg/d) or saline was injected intraperitoneally on days 1 to 21. Additional myosin-immunized rats treated with NAC were orally given 25 mg/kg/d of N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methylester (l-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and N(G)-nitro-d-arginine methylester (d-NAME), an inactive enantiomer. The NAC treatment improved cardiac pathology associated with reduced superoxide production. In the EAM rats treated with NAC associated with oral l-NAME, but not with oral d-NAME, the severity of myocarditis was not reduced. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was reduced by NAC treatment. Myocardial c-kit(+) cells were demonstrated only in the NAC-treated group. Hemodynamic study showed that the increased left ventricular mass produced by myocardial inflammation tended to be reduced by NAC treatment. CONCLUSION Treatment with NAC ameliorated myocardial injury via NO system in a rat model of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Uzui
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takanori Ueda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Jong-Dae Lee
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Talasaz AH, Khalili H, Jenab Y, Salarifar M, Broumand MA, Darabi F. N-Acetylcysteine effects on transforming growth factor-β and tumor necrosis factor-α serum levels as pro-fibrotic and inflammatory biomarkers in patients following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Drugs R D 2014; 13:199-205. [PMID: 24048773 PMCID: PMC3784054 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-013-0025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Ischemia following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) increases the level of pro-fibrotic and inflammatory cytokines, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has therapeutic benefits in the management of patients with AMI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has evaluated the effect of NAC on TNF-α and TGF-β levels in patients with AMI. Methods Following confirmation of AMI, 88 patients were randomly administered NAC 600 mg (Fluimucil®, Zambon, Ticino, Switzerland) or placebo orally twice daily for 3 days. For quantification of TGF-β and TNF-α serum levels after 24 and 72 h of NAC or placebo administration, peripheral venous blood (10 mL) samples were collected at these time points. Results Comparisons between levels of TGF-β and TNF-α after 24 and 72 h within the NAC or placebo groups revealed that there was not any significant difference except for TGF-β levels in the placebo group, which increased significantly over time (p = 0.042). Significant relationships existed between patients’ ejection fraction (p = 0.005) and TGF-β levels. Conclusions Receiving NAC could prevent TGF-β levels from increasing after 72 h as compared with not receiving NAC. As TGF-β had strong correlations with the ejection fraction, its antagonism seems to be important in the prevention of remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Hajhossein Talasaz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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25
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Wang YQ, Liu CH, Zhang JQ, Zhu DN, Yu BY. Protective effects and active ingredients of yi-qi-fu-mai sterile powder against myocardial oxidative damage in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 122:17-27. [PMID: 23685804 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12261fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of Yi-Qi-Fu-Mai sterile powder (YQFM) on myocardial oxidative damage and tries to identify the active components responsible for its pharmacological benefits. YQFM and the n-butanol extract of YQFM (YQFM-Bu) were administered to ISO-induced myocardial injury mice. Left ventricle weight index and histopathological analyses were conducted. Serum enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured. Our results demonstrated that both YQFM and YQFM-Bu significantly restored the abnormal activities of CK, LDH, MPO, SOD, and the levels of MDA in ISO-induced myocardial injury mice, and these biochemical results were further supported by histopathological data. Our in vitro findings also confirmed that both YQFM and YQFM-Bu exhibit significant radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, the major active fractions of YQFM were identified by UPLC-MS/MS. Twenty-five ginsenosides and three lignans were identified from YQFM-Bu. These findings suggested YQFM-Bu is the major active fraction of YQFM with the ginsenosides and lignans as potential active components responsible for its protective effect against myocardial injury, and YQFM exerted its beneficial effects on myocardial injury mainly through inhibiting oxidative damage and maintaining the functional integrity of myocardial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Wang
- Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, China
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Brown DA, Hale SL, Baines CP, del Rio CL, Hamlin RL, Yueyama Y, Kijtawornrat A, Yeh ST, Frasier CR, Stewart LM, Moukdar F, Shaikh SR, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD, Kloner RA. Reduction of early reperfusion injury with the mitochondria-targeting peptide bendavia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2013; 19:121-32. [PMID: 24288396 DOI: 10.1177/1074248413508003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We recently showed that Bendavia, a novel mitochondria-targeting peptide, reduced infarction and no-reflow across several experimental models. The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic timing and mechanism of action that underlie Bendavia's cytoprotective property. In rabbits exposed to in vivo ischemia/reperfusion (30/180 min), Bendavia administered 20 minutes prior to reperfusion (0.05 mg/kg/h, intravenously) reduced myocardial infarct size by ∼50% when administered for either 1 or 3 hours of reperfusion. However, when Bendavia perfusion began just 10 minutes after the onset of reperfusion, the protection against infarction and no-reflow was completely lost, indicating that the mechanism of protection is occurring early in reperfusion. Experiments in isolated mouse liver mitochondria found no discernible effect of Bendavia on blocking the permeability transition pore, and studies in isolated heart mitochondria showed no effect of Bendavia on respiratory rates. As Bendavia significantly lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in isolated heart mitochondria, the ROS-scavenging capacity of Bendavia was compared to well-known ROS scavengers using in vitro (cell-free) systems that enzymatically generate ROS. Across doses ranging from 1 nmol/L to 1 mmol/L, Bendavia showed no discernible ROS-scavenging properties, clearly differentiating itself from prototypical scavengers. In conclusion, Bendavia is a promising candidate to reduce cardiac injury when present at the onset of reperfusion but not after reperfusion has already commenced. Given that both infarction and no-reflow are related to increased cellular ROS, Bendavia's protective mechanism of action likely involves reduced ROS generation (as opposed to augmented scavenging) by endothelial and myocyte mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brown
- 1Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Safflor yellow A protects neonatal rat cardiomyocytes against anoxia/reoxygenation injury in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:487-95. [PMID: 23396376 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of safflor yellow A (SYA), a flavonoid extracted from Carthamus tinctorius L, on cultured rat cardiomyocytes exposed to anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R). METHODS Primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to anoxia for 3 h followed by reoxygenation for 6 h. The cell viability was measured using MTT assay. The releases of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were analyzed. Hoechst 33258 staining and changes in Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase 3 activity were used to examine A/R-induced apoptosis. RESULTS The A/R exposure markedly decreased the viability of cardiomyocytes, suppressed the activities of SOD, GSH, CAT and GSH-Px, and Bcl-2 protein expression. Meanwhile, the A/R exposure markedly increased the release of LDH and CK, and MDA production in the cardiomyocytes, and increased the rate of apoptosis, caspase 3 activity, Bax protein expression. Pretreatment with SYA (40, 60 and 80 nmol/L) concentration-dependently blocked the A/R-induced changes in the cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment of the cardiomyocytes with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 200 μmol/L) produced protective effects that were comparable to those caused by SYA (80 nmol/L). CONCLUSION SYA protects cultured rat cardiomyocytes against A/R injury, maybe via inhibiting cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Wever KE, Masereeuw R, Wagener FA, Verweij VG, Peters JG, Pertijs JC, Van der Vliet JA, Warlé MC, Rongen GA. Humoral signalling compounds in remote ischaemic preconditioning of the kidney, a role for the opioid receptor. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:1721-32. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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In vitro N-acetyl-L-cysteine promotes proliferation and suppresses interleukin-8 expression in adipose-derived stem cells. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2012; 36:1260-5. [PMID: 22936379 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-012-9960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) hold great promise for repair and regeneration of burn wounds by producing growth factors, but proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) released by ADSCs would potentially deepen the wound and inhibit healing. The reported research aimed to identify the effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on the proliferation, death, and IL-8 production of ADSCs. In the presence or absence of NAC, ADSC proliferation was examined using a CCK-8 Kit, and cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Subsequently, IL-8 mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and protein production by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Findings showed that cell proliferation in the NAC-treated group was a significant 1.53-fold greater than in the control group, that the apoptosis rate of ADSCs decreased by 55.4 % compared with the control group, and that the necrosis rate decreased by 48.8 %. Additionally, the IL-8 mRNA expression decreased to 46.2 ± 8.7 % that of the control group, and the IL-8 protein production decreased to 9.98 ± 0.57 %. The authors believe that NAC might be helpful in burn wound repair and regeneration by stimulating the proliferation of ADSCs, inhibiting cell death, and suppressing IL-8 production. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
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Lee JH, Jo YH, Kim K, Lee JH, Rim KP, Kwon WY, Suh GJ, Rhee JE. Effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on acute lung injury and acute kidney injury in hemorrhagic shock. Resuscitation 2012; 84:121-7. [PMID: 22664745 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been investigated to attenuate organ injury in various experimental and clinical studies. However, results in hemorrhagic shock (HS) were controversial. We determined the effects of continuous administration of NAC on acute lung injury (ALI) and acute kidney injury (AKI) in HS model. METHODS Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Pressure controlled HS model defined by mean arterial pressure (MAP) 40±2 mmHg for 90 min followed by resuscitation and observation was used. Rats (n=10 per group) were randomized into 2 groups with NAC or dextrose. Intravenous NAC was given continuously from 15 min after induction of HS to the end of observation period (2 h). We measured serum IL-6, nitrite/nitrate concentration. NF-κB p65 DNA binding activity, expressions of cytoplasmic phosphorylated IκB-α (p-IκB-α) and IκB-α, malondialdehyde (MDA) and histopathological injury scores in lung and kidney were also evaluated. RESULTS MAP did not show any difference during the study period. NAC decreased histopathologic scores in both lung and kidney. Lung and kidney MDA levels were significantly lower in the NAC group compared to control group. Serum nitrite/nitrate and IL-6 were also significantly lower in the NAC group. The levels of lung cytoplasmic p-IκB-α expression was mitigated by NAC, and NF-κB p65 DNA binding activity was also significantly decreased in the NAC group. CONCLUSIONS Continuous infusion of NAC attenuated inflammatory response and acute lung and kidney injury after hemorrhagic shock in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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N-acetylcysteine offers cardioprotection by decreasing cardiac lipid hydroperoxides and 8-isoprostane level in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2012; 11:373-81. [PMID: 21796404 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the cardioprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, NAC alone (100 mg/kg BW orally for 14 days), ISO-control (85 mg/kg BW), and ISO with NAC (for 14 days). Serum creatine kinase-MB and Lactate dehydrogenase were measured. From the heart homogenate lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (GSH), and 8-isoprostane (IP) were measured. Histopathological examination of the heart was also carried out. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in LPO and IP levels in ISO-control group and NAC treatment reduced these changes. Antioxidant enzyme, SOD and GSH, level decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in ISO-control group, and treatment with NAC was able to reverse these changes significantly (P < 0.05). Histopathologically, ISO-control group showed morphological changes suggestive of cardiotoxicity with large areas of coagulative necrosis, with diffused interstitial edema. NAC treatment successfully reduced these histopathological changes. In conclusion, the study proves that NAC has a strong cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol-induced cardiac changes. NAC decreases isoproterenol-induced LPO and IP levels in the heart tissue and prevented free radicals-induced damage to the myocardium.
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Zhao M, He X, Wier WG, Zhang HL, Zhao M, Yu XJ, Zang WJ. Endothelial dysfunction in rat mesenteric artery after regional cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion. Exp Physiol 2011; 97:70-9. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.059360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Demir EO, Cakmak GK, Bakkal H, Turkcu UO, Kandemir N, Demir AS, Tascılar O. N-acetyl-cysteine improves anastomotic wound healing after radiotherapy in rats. J INVEST SURG 2011; 24:151-8. [PMID: 21675850 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2011.560237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to determine the effects of intraperitoneally or orally administered N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on anastomotic healing of irradiated rats. METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups containing 8 rats each: I; standard resection plus anastomosis, II; radiation plus standard resection plus anastomosis, III; radiation plus standard resection plus anastomosis plus oral NAC, IV; radiation plus standard resection plus anastomosis plus intraperitoneal NAC. Four types of assessment were performed: bursting pressure, hydroxiproline (OHP) content, histopathology, and biochemical evaluation, including serum malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. RESULTS Group comparisons demonstrated that bursting pressure was significantly higher in NAC treated rats. The mean tissue OHP concentration in the anastomotic tissue was significantly lower in irradiated rats (group II) than in the other groups. NAC treatment caused increased activity of SOD and GSH. In contrast, MDA levels were found to be decreased in groups III and IV. Histopathological analysis revealed that NAC administration, either orally or intraperitoneally, leads to a better anastomotic healing in terms of reepithelialization, perianastomotic fibrosis, ischemic necrosis, and muscle layer destruction. CONCLUSION The present study supports the hypothesis that NAC administration alleviates the negative effects of radiotherapy on anastomotic healing. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this protective effect is unknown today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Ofluoglu Demir
- Department of Health Programmes, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Ahmet Erdogan Vocational School of Health Services, Zonguldak, Turkey.
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Peng YW, Buller CL, Charpie JR. Impact of N-acetylcysteine on neonatal cardiomyocyte ischemia-reperfusion injury. Pediatr Res 2011; 70:61-6. [PMID: 21427628 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31821b1a92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are hypothesized to play a key role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury after cardiopulmonary bypass in children. Clinical studies in adults and several animal models suggest that myocardial IR injury involves cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis. This study investigated a potential relationship between IR-induced ROS production and neonatal cardiomyocyte apoptosis using both in vitro and ex vivo techniques. For in vitro experiments, embryonic rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) showed a time-dependent increase in gp91 phox (a marker for ROS production by NADPH oxidases), caspase-3 (a key mediator of apoptosis) expression, and a decrease in the glutathione redox ratio. N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 0.25-2 mM), a potent antioxidant, decreased gp91 phox and caspase-3 expression, inhibited apoptosis and restored the glutathione redox ratio. For ex vivo study, IR injury significantly reduced left ventricular (LV) function and increased the expression of gp91 phox and caspase-3 in Langendorff-perfused neonatal (7-14 d) rabbit hearts. NAC (0.4 mM) treatment completely attenuated LV dysfunction after IR. In summary, neonatal myocardial IR injury is associated with an increase in cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis. NAC attenuates apoptosis in an in vitro embryonic rat cardiomyocyte model of HR, and myocardial dysfunction in an ex vivo neonatal rabbit model of myocardial IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wen Peng
- Department of Pediatrics & Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Nduhirabandi F, Du Toit EF, Blackhurst D, Marais D, Lochner A. Chronic melatonin consumption prevents obesity-related metabolic abnormalities and protects the heart against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in a prediabetic model of diet-induced obesity. J Pineal Res 2011; 50:171-82. [PMID: 21073520 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease, is associated with increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant status. Melatonin, a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant, has powerful cardioprotective effects in lean animals but its efficacy in obesity is unknown. We investigated the effects of chronic melatonin administration on the development of the metabolic syndrome as well as ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Male Wistar rats received a control diet, a control diet with melatonin, a high-calorie diet, or a high-calorie diet with melatonin (DM). Melatonin (4 mg/kg/day) was administered in the drinking water. After 16 wk, biometric and blood metabolic parameters were measured. Hearts were perfused ex vivo for the evaluation of myocardial function, infarct size (IFS) and biochemical changes [activation of PKB/Akt, ERK, p38 MAPK, AMPK, and glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 expression). The high-calorie diet caused increases in body weight (BW), visceral adiposity, serum insulin and triglycerides (TRIG), with no change in glucose levels. Melatonin treatment reduced the BW gain, visceral adiposity, blood TRIG, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment index and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the DIO group. Melatonin reduced IFS in DIO and control groups and increased percentage recovery of functional performance of DIO hearts. During reperfusion, hearts from melatonin-treated rats had increased activation of PKB/Akt, ERK42/44 and reduced p38 MAPK activation. Chronic melatonin treatment prevented the metabolic abnormalities induced by DIO and protected the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. These beneficial effects were associated with activation of the reperfusion injury salvage kinases pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Nduhirabandi
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Niwano S, Niwano H, Sasaki S, Fukaya H, Yuge M, Imaki R, Machida Y, Izumi T. N-Acetylcysteine Suppresses the Progression of Ventricular Remodeling in Acute Myocarditis - Studies in an Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis (EAM) Model -. Circ J 2011; 75:662-71. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Niwano
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroe Niwano
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Sae Sasaki
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Hidehira Fukaya
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Masaru Yuge
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Ryuta Imaki
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Yoji Machida
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Tohru Izumi
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
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Effects of post-resuscitation treatment with N-acetylcysteine on cardiac recovery in hypoxic newborn piglets. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15322. [PMID: 21203535 PMCID: PMC3006425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Although N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can decrease reactive oxygen species and improve myocardial recovery after ischemia/hypoxia in various acute animal models, little is known regarding its long-term effect in neonatal subjects. We investigated whether NAC provides prolonged protective effect on hemodynamics and oxidative stress using a surviving swine model of neonatal asphyxia. Methods and Results Newborn piglets were anesthetized and acutely instrumented for measurement of systemic hemodynamics and oxygen transport. Animals were block-randomized into a sham-operated group (without hypoxia-reoxygenation [H–R, n = 6]) and two H-R groups (2 h normocapnic alveolar hypoxia followed by 48 h reoxygenation, n = 8/group). All piglets were acidotic and in cardiogenic shock after hypoxia. At 5 min after reoxygenation, piglets were given either saline or NAC (intravenous 150 mg/kg bolus + 20 mg/kg/h infusion) via for 24 h in a blinded, randomized fashion. Both cardiac index and stroke volume of H-R controls remained lower than the pre-hypoxic values throughout recovery. Treating the piglets with NAC significantly improved cardiac index, stroke volume and systemic oxygen delivery to levels not different from those of sham-operated piglets. Accompanied with the hemodynamic improvement, NAC-treated piglets had significantly lower plasma cardiac troponin-I, myocardial lipid hydroperoxides, activated caspase-3 and lactate levels (vs. H-R controls). The change in cardiac index after H-R correlated with myocardial lipid hydroperoxides, caspase-3 and lactate levels (all p<0.05). Conclusions Post-resuscitation administration of NAC reduces myocardial oxidative stress and caused a prolonged improvement in cardiac function and in newborn piglets with H-R insults.
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Huang WH, Lee JF, Wang D, Gou WH, Chang CY, Wei J. Postischemia myocardial injury in coronary artery bypass patients (PP6). Transplant Proc 2010; 42:725-8. [PMID: 20430157 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the reperfusion injury of the myocardium in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), we monitored the blood levels of troponin I (TNI), white blood cells, oxygen radicals, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase seeking to define the relationship between the CABG-induced systemic inflammation and myocardial injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected 10 patients undergoing primary CABG with CPB at moderate hypothermia and cardioplegic arrest concomitant with intermittent warm blood cardioplegia. We compared all data with their own baseline values to study the reperfusion injury. After release of the aortic clamp, blood was drawn from the coronary sinus, via a catheter placed through the right atrium. We measured plasma levels of inflammatory mediators, such as malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, oxygen radicals, and the myocardium injury parameter of TNI. RESULTS Patients showed no difference concerning aortic clamp time. TNI increased significantly at 1, 15, and 30 minutes after the onset of reperfusion. Blood levels of white blood cells, oxygen radicals, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase also increased significantly with reperfusion time. CONCLUSIONS Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium induced increased TNI, which may be related to the systemic inflammatory responses induced by ischemia and reperfusion of the myocardium among patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Huang
- Department of Medicine, Weigong Memorial Hospital, Miouli, County, Taiwan
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Abstract
Although cellular transplantation has been shown to promote improvements in cardiac function following injury, poor cell survival following transplantation continues to limit the efficacy of this therapy. We have previously observed that transplantation of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) improves cardiac function in an acute murine model of myocardial infarction to a greater extent than myoblasts. This improved regenerative capacity of MDSCs is linked to their increased level of antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase. In the current study, we demonstrated the pivotal role of antioxidant levels on MDSCs survival and cardiac functional recovery by either reducing the antioxidant levels with diethyl maleate or increasing antioxidant levels with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Both the anti- and pro-oxidant treatments dramatically influenced the survival of the MDSCs in vitro. When NAC-treated MDSCs were transplanted into infarcted myocardium, we observed significantly improved cardiac function, decreased scar tissue formation, and increased numbers of CD31(+) endothelial cell structures, compared to the injection of untreated and diethyl maleate-treated cells. These results indicate that elevating the levels of antioxidants in MDSCs with NAC can significantly influence their tissue regeneration capacity.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate liver injury after brain-death in BA-Ma mini pigs and the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on hepatic function and on nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB mRNA and protein expression. METHODS Fifteen Ba-Ma mini pigs were equally divided into three groups at random: brain-dead group (group B), NAC-pretreated group (group N), and control group (group C). A brain-death model was established by increasing intracranial pressure in a modified, slow, and intermittent way. At 6, 12, and 24 hours after the initial brain death, we determined the levels of serum aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6. At the same times, hepatic tissue samples were obtained to assess morphological changes in hepatic tissues and the expression of NF-kappaB mRNA and protein was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS The levels of AST and ALT in groups B and N began to increase at 12 hours after brain death; the levels among group N were lower than those in group B (P < .05). The levels of serum IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in group B and group N began to increase gradually at 6 hours after brain death; those of group B were all significantly greater than those among group N at each time (P < .05). The mRNA and protein levels of NF-kappaB among groups B and N began to increase at 6 hours after brain death; however, those of group B were all significantly higher than those of group N (P < .05). Light and electron microscopy showed only mild edema of liver cells in group N. At 12 hours after brain death, mitochondrial swelling and edema in liver cells were observed among group B, with more severe morphological lesions in this group than group N. CONCLUSIONS NAC inhibited the degree of NF-kappaB mRNA transcription and its protein translation, decreasing the release of inflammatory factors, and thus alleviating hepatic injury during brain death.
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Zhai W, Feng R, Huo L, Li J, Zhang S. Mechanism of the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on the heart of brain-dead Ba-Ma miniature pigs. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010; 28:944-9. [PMID: 19716048 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 01/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe stress response induced by brain death leads to a marked increase in the expression of inflammatory cytokines regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). N-acetylcysteine may inhibit activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. This study examined the expression of NF-kappaB in the hearts of brain-dead Ba-Ma miniature pigs and the protection potential of N-acetylcysteine. METHODS Ba-Ma miniature pigs were randomized into 3 groups: control group (Group C), N-acetylcysteine-free group (Group B), and N-acetylcysteine treatment group (Group N). At 6, 12, and 24 hours after the initial brain death, serum cardiac troponin-T (cTnT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6 were examined. Heart tissue was taken 24 hours after the initial brain death. Structural changes of the heart and the expression of NF-kappaB were analyzed. RESULTS At 6 hours after the initial brain death, serum levels of cTnT, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in Groups B and N began to increase. Levels in Group B increased more dramatically than in Group N. At 24 hours, cardiocyte damage was documented, but the damage in Group N was less severe than that in Group B. The expression of NF-kappaB in Groups B and N increased, and expression in Group B increased more sharply than in Group N. CONCLUSIONS N-acetylcysteine can alleviate both structural and functional injury of the heart during brain death, which might be related to the inhibition of NF-kappaB expression and decreasing release of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Peoples Republic of China
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Mei J, Zhu J, Ding F, Bao C, Wu S. N-acetylcysteine Improves Early Cardiac Isograft Function in a Rat Heterotopic Transplantation Model. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:3632-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.06.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Patel BP, Hamadeh MJ. Nutritional and exercise-based interventions in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Nutr 2009; 28:604-17. [PMID: 19782443 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Disease pathogenesis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves a number of interconnected mechanisms all resulting in the rapid deterioration of motor neurons. The main mechanisms include enhanced free radical production, protein misfolding, aberrant protein aggregation, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and apoptosis. The aim of this review is to assess the efficacy of using nutrition- and exercise-related interventions to improve disease outcomes in ALS. METHODS Studies involving nutrition or exercise in human and animal models of ALS were reviewed. RESULTS Treatments conducted in animal models of ALS have not consistently translated into beneficial results in clinical trials due to poor design, lack of power and short study duration, as well as differences in the genetic backgrounds, treatment dosages and disease pathology between animals and humans. However, vitamin E, folic acid, alpha lipoic acid, lyophilized red wine, coenzyme Q10, epigallocatechin gallate, Ginkgo biloba, melatonin, Cu chelators, and regular low and moderate intensity exercise, as well as treatments with catalase and l-carnitine, hold promise to mitigating the effects of ALS, whereas caloric restriction, malnutrition and high-intensity exercise are contraindicated in this disease model. CONCLUSIONS Improved nutritional status is of utmost importance in mitigating the detrimental effects of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkha P Patel
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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Shimada K, Murayama T, Yokode M, Kita T, Uzui H, Ueda T, Lee JD, Kishimoto C. N-Acetylcysteine Reduces the Severity of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice by Reducing Superoxide Production. Circ J 2009; 73:1337-41. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-08-1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Toshinori Murayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Toru Kita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Hiroyasu Uzui
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui
| | - Takanori Ueda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui
| | - Jong-Dae Lee
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui
| | - Chiharu Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
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