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Oboh G, Bello TG, Agunloye OM. Composite biscuits from sandpaper and acha flour restore the altered activity of arginase, cholinergic, and purinergic enzymes in hypertensive-diabetic rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14336. [PMID: 35848359 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the common co-morbidities in diabetes. Thus, the present study sought to study the effects of composite biscuits from the mixture of acha (Digitaria exilis) and sandpaper (Fiscus exasperata) leaf flours (ASLF) on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), arginase, cholinergic, purinergic enzymatic cascade, and nitric oxide (NO) levels as well as oxidative status in streptozotocin (STZ)/L-NG -nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive/diabetic rats. Experimental rats were distributed randomly into 7 groups (n = 5). Group I-III rats were placed on the basal diet; IV-VII rats were placed on composite biscuits designated as A, B, C, and D respectively for 14 days. On the 13th day, the MABP of the experimental rats was monitored and recorded. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed, tissues of interest were harvested, and homogenized. Subsequently, the activity of arginase cholinesterase and purinergic enzymes, as well as NO levels were evaluated in the experimental rats. However, hypertensive/diabetic rats placed on the formulated diet exhibited reduced MABP when compared with the untreated hypertensive/diabetic rats. Also, altered activity of arginase, cholinergic and purinergic were restored in diet-treated hypertensive/diabetic rats when compared with hypertensive/diabetic rats. Similarly, the NO level and antioxidant status of the treated hypertensive/diabetic rats were notably enhanced when compared with hypertensive/diabetic rats. It could be inferred that composite biscuits exhibited an ameliorative effect in hypertensive/diabetic states via their reductive effect on the MABP, arginase, cholinesterase, and purinergic enzymes and enhanced NO levels in hypertensive/diabetic rats. Meanwhile, the biscuit designated as D had seems better when their effects were compared holistically. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Acha grains and sandpaper leaf have been used in the folklore for disease treatment. However, the production of composite biscuits from these naturally available recipes for the management of hypertensive diabetics proved therapeutic since their effect on hypertensive diabetic rats is positive. Therefore, the composite biscuit will offer nutraceutical benefits to both healthy and disease individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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2
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Hypolipidemic effect and antioxidant properties of cassava-wheat flour composite bread in rats. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Kotlyarov S. Immune Function of Endothelial Cells: Evolutionary Aspects, Molecular Biology and Role in Atherogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179770. [PMID: 36077168 PMCID: PMC9456046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the key problems of modern medicine, which is due to the high prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and their significant share in the structure of morbidity and mortality in many countries. Atherogenesis is a complex chain of events that proceeds over many years in the vascular wall with the participation of various cells. Endothelial cells are key participants in vascular function. They demonstrate involvement in the regulation of vascular hemodynamics, metabolism, and innate immunity, which act as leading links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These endothelial functions have close connections and deep evolutionary roots, a better understanding of which will improve the prospects of early diagnosis and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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4
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Agunloye OM. Effect of aqueous extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus subnudus on activity of adenosine deaminase, arginase, cholinergic enzyme, and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13490. [PMID: 33043511 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus) and Lentinus subnudus (L. subnudus) commonly consumed as food or as food supplement have been reported in folklore for their antihypertensive property with limited scientific proof. This study aims to unravel the antihypertensive mechanism of P. ostreatus and L. subnudus in vitro. The antioxidant properties of P. ostreatus and L. subnudus were established via standard antioxidant assays. Also, the effect of P. ostreatus and L. subnudus extracts on relevant enzymes associated to the development of hypertension were evaluated. Findings from this study revealed that P. ostreatus and L. subnudus extracts exhibited antihypertensive and antioxidant properties. Meanwhile, according to our results, various bioactive compounds present in P. ostreatus and L. subnudus could be responsible for the observed in vitro antihypertensive property. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: P. ostreatus and L. subnudus are the most commonly consumed mushrooms by the rural dwellers in South Western Nigeria, perhaps, based on their nutritive value and health-enhancing benefits. This paper showed that P. ostreatus and L. subnudus possess antihypertensive and antioxidant properties. Thus, their consumption as foods or food supplements may provide therapeutic benefits for hypertensive patients. Therefore, P. ostreatus and L. subnudus are promising candidates for the development of nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odunayo Michael Agunloye
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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5
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Moretto J, Pudlo M, Demougeot C. Human-based evidence for the therapeutic potential of arginase inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:138-147. [PMID: 33197620 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Moretto
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France.
| | - Marc Pudlo
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
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6
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Li L, Su C, Chen X, Wang Q, Jiao W, Luo H, Tang J, Wang W, Li S, Guo S. Chlorogenic Acids in Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Dietary Consumption, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6464-6484. [PMID: 32441927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) have gained considerable attention as pervasive human dietary constituents with potential cardiovascular-preserving effects. The main sources include coffee, yerba mate, Eucommia ulmodies leaves, and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. CGA consumption can reduce the risks of hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and other factors associated with cardiovascular risk, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review recapitulates recent advances of CGAs in the cardiovascular-preserving effects, pharmacokinetics, sources, and safety. Emerging evidence indicates that CGAs exhibit circulatory guarding properties through the suppression of oxidative stress, leukocyte infiltration, platelet aggregation, platelet-leukocyte interactions, vascular remodeling, and apoptosis as well as the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and vasodilatory action in the cardiovascular system. CGAs exert these effects by acting on complex signaling networks, but the global mechanisms are still not clear. The oral bioavailability of CGA is poor, and there is a potential sensitization concern about CGA. The bioactive metabolites, systematic toxicity, and optimized structure are needed for further identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Congping Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Jiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayang Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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7
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Virdis A, Masi S, Colucci R, Chiriacò M, Uliana M, Puxeddu I, Bernardini N, Blandizzi C, Taddei S. Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Obesity. Curr Hypertens Rep 2019; 21:32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-019-0930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Agunloye OM, Oboh G, Ademiluyi AO, Ademosun AO, Akindahunsi AA, Oyagbemi AA, Omobowale TO, Ajibade TO, Adedapo AA. Cardio-protective and antioxidant properties of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid: Mechanistic role of angiotensin converting enzyme, cholinesterase and arginase activities in cyclosporine induced hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:450-458. [PMID: 30399581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CAA) and chlorogenic acid (CHA) are important members of hydroxycinnamic acid with natural antioxidant and cardio-protective properties. The present study aimed to determine the effect of CAA and CHA on systolic blood pressure, heart rates (HR) as well as on the activity of the angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butrylcholinesterase (BChE) and arginase in cyclosporine-induced hypertensive rats. Experimental rats were distributed into 7 groups (n = 6): normotensive control rats; hypertensive rats (induced rats) as well as hypertensive- treated groups with captopril (10 mg/kg/day), CAA (10 and 15 mg/kg/day) and CHA (10 and 15 mg/kg/day), respectively. The experiment lasted for 7 days and the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rates were recorded using tail-cuff method. Oral administration of captopril, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid normalized hypertensive effect caused by cyclosporine administration. CAA and CHA significantly (P < 0.05) reduced SBP and HR, activity of ACE, AChE, BChE and arginase in the treated hypertensive rats compared with cyclosporine induced-hypertensive rats. Likewise, CAA and CHA improved nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, increased catalase activity and reduced glutathione content while malondialdehyde (MDA) level was reduced compared with cyclosporine hypertensive rats. Findings from this study shows that CAA and CHA exhibited blood pressure lowering properties and reduced activities of key enzymes linked to the pathogenesis of hypertension in cyclosporine-induced rats. These might be some of the possible mechanisms of action by which their cardio-protective properties are exhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odunayo Michael Agunloye
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria.
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria
| | - Adedayo Oluwaseun Ademiluyi
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria
| | - Ayokunle Olubode Ademosun
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria
| | - Akintunde Afolabi Akindahunsi
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria
| | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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9
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Masi S, Colucci R, Duranti E, Nannipieri M, Anselmino M, Ippolito C, Tirotta E, Georgiopoulos G, Garelli F, Nericcio A, Segnani C, Bernardini N, Blandizzi C, Taddei S, Virdis A. Aging Modulates the Influence of Arginase on Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2474-2483. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masi
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Preventions and Outcomes, University College London, United Kingdom (M.S.)
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, United Kingdom (M.S.)
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (C.R., G.F., N.A.)
| | - Emiliano Duranti
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Nannipieri
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Ippolito
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Erika Tirotta
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Francesca Garelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (C.R., G.F., N.A.)
| | - Anna Nericcio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (C.R., G.F., N.A.)
| | - Cristina Segnani
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
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10
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Agunloye OM, Oboh G. Caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid: Evaluation of antioxidant effect and inhibition of key enzymes linked with hypertension. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Odunayo Michael Agunloye
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology, Akure; Akure Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology, Akure; Akure Nigeria
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11
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Pudlo M, Demougeot C, Girard-Thernier C. Arginase Inhibitors: A Rational Approach Over One Century. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:475-513. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pudlo
- PEPITE - EA4267; University Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Besançon France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE - EA4267; University Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Besançon France
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12
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Yang Z, Ming XF. Arginase: the emerging therapeutic target for vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. Front Immunol 2013; 4:149. [PMID: 23781221 PMCID: PMC3679468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation in the vascular wall are essential mechanisms of atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunctions associated with risk factors such as metabolic diseases, aging, hypertension, etc. Evidence has been provided that activation of the vascular endothelial cells in the presence of the risk factors promotes oxidative stress and vascular inflammatory responses, leading to acceleration of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Increasing number of studies from recent years demonstrates that uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), whereby the enzyme eNOS produces detrimental amount of superoxide anion O2− instead the vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO⋅), plays a critical role in vascular dysfunction under various pathophysiological conditions and in aging. The mechanisms of eNOS-uncoupling seem multiple and complex. Recent research provides emerging evidence supporting an essential role of increased activity of arginases including arginase-I and arginase-II in causing eNOS-uncoupling, which results in vascular oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and ultimately leading to vascular diseases. This review article will summarize the most recent findings on the functional roles of arginases in vascular diseases and/or dysfunctions and the underlying mechanisms in relation to oxidative stress and inflammations. Moreover, regulatory mechanisms of arginases in the vasculature are reviewed and the future perspectives of targeting arginases as therapeutic options in vascular diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Yang
- Vascular Biology, Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
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13
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Abstract
Arginase metabolizes the semi-essential amino acid l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. There are two distinct isoforms of arginase, arginase I and II, which are encoded by separate genes and display differences in tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and molecular regulation. Blood vessels express both arginase I and II but their distribution appears to be cell-, vessel-, and species-specific. Both isoforms of arginase are induced by numerous pathologic stimuli and contribute to vascular cell dysfunction and vessel wall remodeling in several diseases. Clinical and experimental studies have documented increases in the expression and/or activity of arginase I or II in blood vessels following arterial injury and in pulmonary and arterial hypertension, aging, and atherosclerosis. Significantly, pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of arginase in animals ameliorates abnormalities in vascular cells and normalizes blood vessel architecture and function in all of these pathological states. The detrimental effect of arginase in vascular remodeling is attributable to its ability to stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell proliferation, and collagen deposition by promoting the synthesis of polyamines and l-proline, respectively. In addition, arginase adversely impacts arterial remodeling by directing macrophages toward an inflammatory phenotype. Moreover, the proliferative, fibrotic, and inflammatory actions of arginase in the vasculature are further amplified by its capacity to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by competing with NO synthase for substrate, l-arginine. Pharmacologic or molecular approaches targeting specific isoforms of arginase represent a promising strategy in treating obstructive fibroproliferative vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia, MO, USA
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14
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Forte A, Grossi M, Turczynska KM, Svedberg K, Rinaldi B, Donniacuo M, Holm A, Baldetorp B, Vicchio M, De Feo M, Santè P, Galderisi U, Berrino L, Rossi F, Hellstrand P, Nilsson BO, Cipollaro M. Local inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase reduces vascular stenosis in a murine model of carotid injury. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3370-80. [PMID: 23680596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polyamines are organic polycations playing an essential role in cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as in cell contractility, migration and apoptosis. These processes are known to contribute to restenosis, a pathophysiological process often occurring in patients submitted to revascularization procedures. We aimed to test the effect of α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, on vascular cell pathophysiology in vitro and in a rat model of carotid arteriotomy-induced (re)stenosis. METHODS The effect of DFMO on primary rat smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and mouse microvascular bEnd.3 endothelial cells (ECs) was evaluated through the analysis of DNA synthesis, polyamine concentration, cell viability, cell cycle phase distribution and by RT-PCR targeting cyclins and genes belonging to the polyamine pathway. The effect of DFMO was then evaluated in arteriotomy-injured rat carotids through the analysis of cell proliferation and apoptosis, RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis of differential gene expression. RESULTS DFMO showed a differential effect on SMCs and on ECs, with a marked, sustained anti-proliferative effect of DFMO at 3 and 8 days of treatment on SMCs and a less pronounced, late effect on bEnd.3 ECs at 8 days of DFMO treatment. DFMO applied perivascularly in pluronic gel at arteriotomy site reduced subsequent cell proliferation and preserved smooth muscle differentiation without affecting the endothelial coverage. Lumen area in DFMO-treated carotids was 49% greater than in control arteries 4 weeks after injury. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the key role of polyamines in restenosis and suggest a novel therapeutic approach for this pathophysiological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Forte
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy; Excellence Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Second University of Naples, Italy
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15
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Antioxidant effects of resveratrol and other stilbene derivatives on oxidative stress and NO bioavailability: Potential benefits to cardiovascular diseases. Biochimie 2012; 94:269-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Long-term increase in uterine blood flow is achieved by local overexpression of VEGF-A165 in the uterine arteries of pregnant sheep. Gene Ther 2011; 19:925-35. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Morris SM. Recent advances in arginine metabolism: roles and regulation of the arginases. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:922-30. [PMID: 19508396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As arginine can serve as precursor to a wide range of compounds, including nitric oxide, creatine, urea, polyamines, proline, glutamate and agmatine, there is considerable interest in elucidating mechanisms underlying regulation of its metabolism. It is now becoming apparent that the two isoforms of arginase in mammals play key roles in regulation of most aspects of arginine metabolism in health and disease. In particular, work over the past several years has focused on the roles and regulation of the arginases in vascular disease, pulmonary disease, infectious disease, immune cell function and cancer. As most of these topics have been considered in recent review articles, this review will focus more closely on results of recent studies on expression of the arginases in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, post-translational modulation of arginase activity and applications of arginase inhibitors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney M Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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18
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Peyton KJ, Ensenat D, Azam MA, Keswani AN, Kannan S, Liu XM, Wang H, Tulis DA, Durante W. Arginase promotes neointima formation in rat injured carotid arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:488-94. [PMID: 19164802 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.183392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arginase stimulates the proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs); however, the influence of arginase on VSMC growth in vivo is not known. This study investigated the impact of arginase on cell cycle progression and neointima formation after experimental arterial injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Balloon injury of rat carotid arteries resulted in a sustained increase in arginase activity in the vessel wall and the induction of arginase I protein in both the media and neointima of injured vessels. Furthermore, local perivascular application of the potent and selective arginase inhibitors S-(2-boronoethyl)-L-cysteine (BEC) or N(G)-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (L-OHNA) immediately after injury markedly attenuated medial and neointimal DNA synthesis and neointima formation. Substantial arginase I protein and arginase activity was also detected in rat cultured aortic VSMCs. Moreover, treatment of VSMCs with BEC or L-OHNA, or knockdown of arginase I protein, arrested cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle and induced the expression of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, p21. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that arginase is essential for VSMCs to enter the cell cycle and that arginase I contributes to the remodeling response after arterial injury. Arginase I represents a potentially new therapeutic target for the treatment of vasculoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Peyton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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