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Alsufyani HA, Docherty JR. Involvement of G proteins and Rho kinase in α 1-adrenoceptor mediated contractions of the rat portal vein. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:654-659. [PMID: 33096009 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Contractions of the rat portal vein in response to the α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine consist of phasic contractions at low concentrations, with tonic contractions superimposed at higher concentrations. The α1D-adrenoceptor antagonist BMY7378 (7.0, -log M) did not affect phasic or tonic contractions to phenylephrine. The relatively nonselective α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (7.5) shifted equally the potencies of phenylephrine at producing phasic and tonic contractions, with pKB values of 8.85 and 8.83 (-log M), respectively. The α1A-adrenoceptor antagonist RS100329 (8.5) produced a significantly greater shift in phenylephrine potency for phasic (pKB of 10.51) than tonic contractions (pKB of 9.78). Prazosin was less effective than RS100329 at reducing the effects of phenylephrine on frequency of phasic contractions. The Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil (5.0) did not affect phasic contractions to phenylephrine, but significantly reduced tonic contractions. It is concluded that there is no evidence for involvement of α1D-adrenoceptors in responses of the rat portal vein to phenylephrine, but phasic responses involve predominantly α1A-adrenoceptors. Tonic responses may involve predominantly α1B-adrenoceptors and are at least partly mediated by mechanisms involving Rho kinase sensitive to fasudil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A Alsufyani
- Department of Physiology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - James R Docherty
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Prado AR, Yokaichiya F, Franco MKKD, Morais Gonçalves da Silva C, Oliveira-Nascimento L, Franz-Montan M, Volpato MC, Cabeça LF, de Paula E. Complexation of oxethazaine with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: increased drug solubility, decreased cytotoxicity and analgesia at inflamed tissues. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:652-662. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Oxethazaine (OXZ) is one of the few local anaesthetics that provides analgesia at low pH, but presents poor solubility, cytotoxicity and no parenteral formulations. To address these issues, we aimed to prepare OXZ host-guest inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD).
Methods
The inclusion complex was formed by co-solubilization, followed by a job plot analysis to determine stoichiometry of complexation and dialysis equilibrium analysis (based on UV/VIS absorption and fluorescence profiles of OXZ). Complex formation was confirmed by phase-solubility data, X-ray, Scanning Electron Microscopy and DOSY-1H-NMR experiments. In vitro cytotoxicity was analysed by MTT test in 3T3 fibroblasts. In vivo analgesia was tested by Von Frey test (inflammatory wounds – rats).
Key findings
Oxethazaine complexed (1 : 1 molar ratio) with HP-β-CD, as indicated by loss of OZX crystalline structure (X-ray) and strong host: guest interaction (NMR, K = 198/m), besides increased solubility. In vitro cell survival improved with the complex (IC50 OXZ = 28.9 μm, OXZ : HP-β-CD = 57.8 μm). In addition, the complex (0.1% OXZ) promoted in vivo analgesia for the same time that 2% lidocaine/epinephrine did.
Conclusion
Our results show that complexation improved physicochemical and biological properties of OXZ, allowing its application to inflamed tissues by parenteral routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa R Prado
- Biochemistry and Tissue Biology Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Yokaichiya
- Department Quantum Phenomena in Novel Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margareth Kazuyo Kobayashi Dias Franco
- Institute for Energetic and Nuclear Research (IPEN)/Multipurpose Brazilian Reactor, Cidade Universitária Armando Salles de Oliveira, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Oliveira-Nascimento
- Biochemistry and Tissue Biology Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Franz-Montan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Volpato
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís F Cabeça
- Technologic Federal University of Parana, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Eneida de Paula
- Biochemistry and Tissue Biology Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Li X, Sun W, Li J, Wang M, Zhang H, Pei L, Boyce BF, Wang Z, Xing L. Clomipramine causes osteoporosis by promoting osteoclastogenesis via E3 ligase Itch, which is prevented by Zoledronic acid. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41358. [PMID: 28145497 PMCID: PMC5286409 DOI: 10.1038/srep41358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients taking antidepressants, including Clomipramine (CLP), have an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. However, the effects of CLP on bone metabolism are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that WT mice treated with CLP for 2 weeks had significantly reduced trabecular bone volume and cortical bone thickness, associated with increased osteoclast (OC) numbers, but had no change in osteoblast numbers or bone formation rate. Bone marrow cells from CLP-treated mice had normal OC precursor frequency, but formed significantly more OCs when they were cultured with RANKL and M-CSF. CLP promoted OC formation and bone resorption and expression of OC-associated genes. CLP-induced bone loss was prevented by Zoledronic acid. At the molecular level, CLP inhibited the activity of the ubiquitin E3 ligase Itch. CLP did not promote OC formation from bone marrow cells of Itch-/- mice in vitro nor induce bone loss in Itch-/- mice. Our findings indicate that CLP causes bone loss by enhancing Itch-mediated osteoclastogenesis, which was prevented by Zoledronic acid. Thus, anti-resorptive therapy could be used to prevent bone loss in patients taking antidepressants, such as CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Immuno-oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jinbo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Institute of Chinese Minority Traditional Medicine, MINZU University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lingpeng Pei
- Institute of Chinese Minority Traditional Medicine, MINZU University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Immuno-oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Masuda Y. Intrahepatic Flow Disturbance: Possibility of a Hidden Cause of Drug Toxicity. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 100:167-74. [PMID: 16518079 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.cpj05005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver has an intricate microvascular system that allows homogenous perfusion throughout the organ. However, the regulatory mechanisms of intrahepatic circulation are still unclear, and the effects of drugs on this system have rarely been reported. Oxethazaine, a topical anesthetic, was incidentally found to induce a consistent increase in portal pressure in the isolated perfused rat liver, which led us to characterize this phenomenon. For this, a vital staining method was developed to detect microcirculatory alterations in the isolated liver. Using this method, not only vasoconstrictors like endothelin-1, but the drugs oxethazaine and clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, were found to induce flow redistribution to the deeper and hilar portions of the liver with minimal perfusion at the periphery, which was due to a short-circuit flow at the center owing to the constriction of the intrahepatic portal vein branches. Hepatic nerve stimulation also produced a similar flow disturbance. Since the portal pressure increases by these compounds were inhibited by the Rho-kinase inhibitors Y27632 and HA1077, portal vein branches may employ a Rho-kinase-dependent pathway for sustained contraction. However, oxethazaine, clomipramine, and endothelin-1 may activate this pathway differently. The intrahepatic flow disturbance could play a hidden role in drug toxicity of certain drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasusuke Masuda
- Division of Toxicology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Japan.
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