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Morioka N, Kondo S, Harada N, Takimoto T, Tokunaga N, Nakamura Y, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y. Downregulation of connexin43 potentiates noradrenaline-induced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in primary cultured cortical astrocytes. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6777-6792. [PMID: 33665818 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the pathology of depressive disorders. Astrocytes produce BDNF following antidepressant treatment or stimulation of adrenergic receptors. Connexin43 (Cx43) is mainly expressed in central nervous system astrocytes and its expression is downregulated in patients with major depression. How changes in Cx43 expression affect astrocyte function, including BDNF production, is poorly understood. The current study examined the effect of Cx43 knockdown on BDNF expression in cultured cortical astrocytes after stimulation of adrenergic receptors. The expression of Cx43 in rat primary cultured cortical astrocytes was downregulated with RNA interference. Levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) or proteins were measured by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Knockdown of Cx43 potentiated noradrenaline (NA)-induced expression of BDNF mRNA in cultured astrocytes. NA treatment induced proBDNF protein expression in astrocytes transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Cx43, but not with control siRNA. This potentiation was mediated by the Src tyrosine kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway through stimulation of adrenergic α1 and β receptors. Furthermore, the Gq/11 protein-Src-ERK pathway and the G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2-Src-ERK pathway were involved in α1 and β adrenergic receptor-mediated potentiation of BDNF mRNA expression, respectively. The current studies demonstrate a novel mechanism of BDNF expression in cortical astrocytes mediated by Cx43, in which downregulation of Cx43 increases, through adrenergic receptors, the expression of BDNF. The current findings indicate a potentially novel mechanism of action of antidepressants, via regulation of astrocytic Cx43 expression and subsequent BDNF expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebral Cortex/cytology
- Cerebral Cortex/drug effects
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Connexin 43/genetics
- Connexin 43/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Male
- Norepinephrine/pharmacology
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA Interference
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Syun Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nanase Harada
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Takimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tokunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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Fujita S, Yoshida S, Matsuki T, Jaiswal MK, Seki K. The α1-adrenergic receptors in the amygdala regulate the induction of learned despair through protein kinase C-beta signaling. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:73-85. [PMID: 33164996 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of amygdala is observed in patients with major depressive disorder. Although the role of α1-adrenoceptor in amygdala on fear memory has been well studied, the role of α1-adrenoceptor in amygdala on depression-like behaviors remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of α1A-adrenoreceptor in amygdala on despair behavior, evaluated by the immobility time during tail suspension test (TST), pharmacological intervention, and immunohistological methods. C57BL6/J mice given a bilateral intra-amygdala injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid exhibited an increased duration of immobility in the latter half of both trials of TST with a 24-h interval, a phenomenon known as learned despair. Intra-amygdala injection of WB4101 (1.7 nmol/0.1 µl), an α1 adrenoreceptor antagonist, but not propranolol (250 pmol/0.1 µl), a β-adrenoreceptor antagonist, blocked the induction of learned despair during TST. Immunostaining experiments revealed that ~61-75% of α1A-adrenoreceptor-positive neurons were colocalized with GAD65/67 in amygdala, implying that the α1-adrenoceptors in amygdala may enormously regulate the GABA release. Protein kinase C-beta (PKCβ) was predominantly expressed in the α1A-adrenoreceptor-positive neurons in the BLA, whereas protein kinase C-epsilon (PKCε) was highly expressed with the α1A-adrenoreceptor in the Central nucleus of amygdala. Intra-amygdala injection of ruboxistaurin (10 pmol/0.1 µl), a PKCβ inhibitor, blocked the induction of learned despair during TST, whereas neither TAT-εV1-2 (500 ng/0.1 μl), a cell-permeant PKCε inhibitory peptide, nor HBDDE (50 pmol/0.1 µl), an inhibitor of PKCα and -γ, affected the duration of immobility during TST. These data suggest that the α1-adrenoreceptor in amygdala regulates the induction of learned despair via PKCβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisui Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima
| | - Satomi Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima
| | - Tohru Matsuki
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Manoj Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenjiro Seki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima
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Lagatta DC, Kuntze LB, Uliana DL, Borges-Assis AB, Resstel LBM. Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis modulates baroreflex cardiac activity: an interaction between alpha-1 receptors and NMDA/nitric oxide pathway. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:253-271. [PMID: 33140200 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a forebrain structure, involved in the modulation of neuroendocrine, cardiovascular and autonomic responses. One of the responses is baroreflex activity, which consists in a neural mechanism responsible for keeping the blood pressure within a narrow range of variation. It has been reported that blockade of BNST α1-adrenoceptors increased the bradycardic component of baroreflex. In addition, such receptors are able to modulate glutamate release in this structure. Interestingly, BNST NMDA receptor antagonism and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibition led to the same effect of the α1-adrenoceptors blockade on baroreflex bradycardic response. Therefore, the hypothesis of the present study is that BNST noradrenergic transmission interacts with NMDA/NO pathway through α1 adrenoceptors to modulate the baroreflex activity. Male Wistar rats had stainless steel guide cannulas bilaterally implanted in the BNST. Subsequently, a catheter was inserted into the femoral artery for cardiovascular recordings, and into the femoral vein for assessing baroreflex activation. Injection of the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor reboxetine in the BNST did not modify the tachycardic, but significantly decreased the bradycardic component of baroreflex. Administration of an α1, but not an α2 antagonist into the BNST prior to reboxetine prevented this effect. Likewise, previous injection of NMDA/NO pathway blockers inhibited the effect of reboxetine on bradycardic response. In conclusion, it was demonstrated for the first time the existence of an interaction between BNST noradrenergic, glutamatergic and nitrergic neurotransmissions in the modulation of bradycardic baroreflex response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi C Lagatta
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition College, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Luciana B Kuntze
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela L Uliana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Anna B Borges-Assis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo B M Resstel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Shen Y, Ma HX, Lu H, Zhao HT, Sun JL, Cheng Y, Zhang HH. Central deficiency of norepinephrine synthesis and norepinephrinergic neurotransmission contributes to seizure-induced respiratory arrest. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111024. [PMID: 33232929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with intractable epilepsy. However, the pathogenesis of SUDEP seems to be poorly understood. Our previous findings showed that the incidence of seizure-induced respiratory arrest (S-IRA) was markedly reduced by atomoxetine in a murine SUDEP model. Because the central norepinephrine α-1 receptor (NEα-1R) plays a vital role in regulating respiratory function, we hypothesized that the suppression of S-IRA by atomoxetine was mediated by NE/NEα-1R interactions that can be reversed by NEα-1R antagonism. We examined whether atomoxetine-mediated suppression of S-IRA evoked by either acoustic stimulation or pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in DBA/1 mice can be reversed by intraperitoneal (IP) and intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of prazosin, a selective antagonist of NEα-1R. The content and activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme for NE synthesis, in the lower brainstem was measured by ELISA. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were obtained from using the PTZ-evoked SUDEP model. In our models, atomoxetine-mediated suppression of S-IRA evoked by either acoustic stimulation or PTZ was significantly reversed by low doses of IP and ICV prazosin. Neither repetitive acoustic stimulation nor S-IRA reduced TH levels in lower brainstem. However, the enzyme activity of TH levels in lower brainstem was significantly increased by mechanical ventilation with DBA/1 mice, which makes the dying DBA/1 mice suffering from S-IRA and SUDEP recover. EEG data showed that although the protective effect of atomoxetine was reversed by prazosin, neither drug suppressed EEG activity. These data suggest that deficient synthesis of NE and norepinephrinergic neurotransmission contributed to S-IRA and that the NEα-1R is a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hai Xiang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Han Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Ting Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jian Liang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hong Hai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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5
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de-Los-Santos-Cocotle G, Martínez-Morales JC, Romero-Ávila MT, Reyes-Cruz G, García-Sáinz JA. Effects of agonists and phorbol esters on α 1A-adrenergic receptor-Rab protein interactions. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173423. [PMID: 32750368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a cell line, stably expressing α1A-adrenoceptors fused to the mCherry red fluorescent protein, noradrenaline, methoxamine, and oxymetazoline induced concentration-dependent increases in intracellular calcium. All of these agents increase α1A-adrenoceptor phosphorylation and internalization. Transient co-expression of these receptors with Rab proteins tagged with the enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein was employed to estimate α1A-adrenoceptor-Rab interaction using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. Noradrenaline and methoxamine increased α1A-adrenoceptor interaction with Rab5 and Rab7 but did not modify it with Rab9. Oxymetazoline induced adrenoceptor interaction with Rab5 and Rab9 and only an insignificant increase in Rab7 signal. Phorbol myristate acetate increased α1A-adrenoceptor interaction with Rab5 and Rab9 but did not modify it with Rab7. The agonists and the active phorbol ester, all of which induce receptor phosphorylation and internalization, favor receptor interaction with Rab5, i.e., association with early endosomes. Cell stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate induced the α1A-adrenoceptors to interact with the late endosomal marker, Rab9, suggesting that the receptors are directed to slow recycling endosomes once they have transited to the Trans-Golgi network to be retrieved to the plasma membrane. The agonists noradrenaline and methoxamine likely induce a faster recycling and might direct some of the adrenoceptors toward degradation and/or very slow recycling to the plasma membrane. Oxymetazoline produced a mixed pattern of interaction with the Rab proteins. These data indicate that α1A-adrenoceptor agonists can trigger different vesicular traffic and receptor fates within the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de-Los-Santos-Cocotle
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Martínez-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Teresa Romero-Ávila
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508; Col, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Adolfo García-Sáinz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Yano Y, Viera AJ, Hinderliter AL, Watkins LL, Blumenthal JA, Johnson KS, Hill LK, Sherwood A. Vascular α1-Adrenergic Receptor Responsiveness in Masked Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:713-717. [PMID: 32128568 PMCID: PMC7402222 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Masked hypertension (nonhypertensive in the clinic setting but hypertensive outside the clinic during wakefulness) is characterized by increased blood pressure in response to physical and emotional stressors that activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, no studies have assessed vascular reactivity to a pharmacological SNS challenge in individuals with masked hypertension. METHODS We analyzed data from 161 adults aged 25 to 45 years (mean ± standard deviation age 33 ± 6 years; 48% were African American and 43% were female). Participants completed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and a standardized α 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine test that determines the dose of phenylephrine required to increase a participant's mean arterial pressure by 25 mm Hg (PD25). RESULTS Twenty-one participants were considered to have masked hypertension (clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP) <140 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <90 mm Hg but awake SBP ≥135 or DBP ≥85 mm Hg), 28 had sustained hypertension (clinic SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90 mm Hg and awake SBP ≥135 or DBP ≥85 mm Hg), and 106 had sustained normotension (clinic SBP <140 and DBP <90 mm Hg and awake SBP <135 and DBP <85 mm Hg). After multivariable adjustment, the mean (±SE) PD25 was less in participants with masked hypertension compared with their counterparts with sustained normotension (222.1 ± 33.2 vs. 328.7 ± 15.0; P = 0.012), but similar to that observed in subjects with sustained hypertension (254.8 ± 31.0; P =0.12). CONCLUSIONS Among young and middle-aged adults, masked hypertension is associated with increased vascular reactivity to a SNS challenge, which may contribute to elevated awake BPs as well as to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yano
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anthony J Viera
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alan L Hinderliter
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lana L Watkins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James A Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kristy S Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - LaBarron K Hill
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Sherwood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Proudman RGW, Pupo AS, Baker JG. The affinity and selectivity of α-adrenoceptor antagonists, antidepressants, and antipsychotics for the human α1A, α1B, and α1D-adrenoceptors. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00602. [PMID: 32608144 PMCID: PMC7327383 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-adrenoceptor antagonists are widely used for hypertension (eg, doxazosin) and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH, eg, tamsulosin). Some antidepressants and antipsychotics have been reported to have α1 affinity. This study examined 101 clinical drugs and laboratory compounds to build a comprehensive understanding of α1-adrenoceptor subtype affinity and selectivity. [3H]prazosin whole-cell binding was conducted in CHO cells stably expressing either the full-length human α1A, α1B, or α1D-adrenoceptor. As expected, doxazosin was a high-affinity nonselective α1-antagonist although other compounds (eg, cyclazosin, 3-MPPI, and ARC239) had higher affinities. Several highly α1A-selective antagonists were confirmed (SNAP5089 had over 1700-fold α1A selectivity). Despite all compounds demonstrating α1 affinity, only BMY7378 had α1D selectivity and no α1B-selective compounds were identified. Phenoxybenzamine (used in pheochromocytoma) and dibenamine had two-component-binding inhibition curves at all three receptors. Incubation with sodium thiosulfate abolished the high-affinity component suggesting this part is receptor mediated. Drugs used for hypertension and BPH had very similar α1A/α1B/α1D-adrenoceptor pharmacological profiles. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (antidepressants) had poor α1-adrenoceptor affinity. Several tricyclic antidepressants (eg, amitriptyline) and antipsychotics (eg, chlorpromazine and risperidone) had high α1-adrenoceptor affinities, similar to, or higher than, α blockers prescribed for hypertension and BPH, whereas others had poor α1 affinity (eg, protriptyline, sulpiride, amisulpiride, and olanzapine). The addition of α blockers for the management of hypertension or BPH in people already taking tricyclic antidepressants and certain antipsychotics may not be beneficial. Awareness of the α-blocking potential of different antipsychotics may affect the choice of drug for those with delirium where additional hypotension (eg, in sepsis) may be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. W. Proudman
- Cell Signalling Research GroupDivision of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceSchool of Life SciencesC Floor Medical SchoolQueen’s Medical CentreUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Andre S. Pupo
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of BiosciencesSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatu‐São PauloBrazil
| | - Jillian G. Baker
- Cell Signalling Research GroupDivision of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceSchool of Life SciencesC Floor Medical SchoolQueen’s Medical CentreUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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Mena-Avila E, Milla-Cruz JJ, Calvo JR, Hochman S, Villalón CM, Arias-Montaño JA, Quevedo JN. Activation of α-adrenoceptors depresses synaptic transmission of myelinated afferents and inhibits pathways mediating primary afferent depolarization (PAD) in the in vitro mouse spinal cord. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:1293-1303. [PMID: 32322928 PMCID: PMC10751985 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Somatosensory afferent transmission strength is controlled by several presynaptic mechanisms that reduce transmitter release at the spinal cord level. We focused this investigation on the role of α-adrenoceptors in modulating sensory transmission in low-threshold myelinated afferents and in pathways mediating primary afferent depolarization (PAD) of neonatal mouse spinal cord. We hypothesized that the activation of α-adrenoceptors depresses low threshold-evoked synaptic transmission and inhibits pathways mediating PAD. Extracellular field potentials (EFPs) recorded in the deep dorsal horn assessed adrenergic modulation of population monosynaptic transmission, while dorsal root potentials (DRPs) recorded at root entry zone assessed adrenergic modulation of PAD. We found that noradrenaline (NA) and the α1-adrenoceptor agonists phenylephrine and cirazoline depressed synaptic transmission (by 15, 14 and 22%, respectively). DRPs were also depressed by NA, phenylephrine and cirazoline (by 62, 30, and 64%, respectively), and by the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine, although to a lower extent (20%). We conclude that NA depresses monosynaptic transmission of myelinated afferents onto deep dorsal horn neurons via α1-adrenoceptors and inhibits interneuronal pathways mediating PAD through the activation of α1- and α2-adrenoceptors. The functional significance of these modulatory actions in shaping cutaneous and muscle sensory information during motor behaviors requires further study.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Electrophysiological Phenomena/drug effects
- Electrophysiological Phenomena/physiology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/physiology
- Neural Pathways/physiology
- Neurons, Afferent/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/physiology
- Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn/physiology
- Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
- Synaptic Transmission/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvia Mena-Avila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cinvestav del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jonathan J Milla-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cinvestav del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge R Calvo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cinvestav del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Shawn Hochman
- Physiology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Villalón
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sede-Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cinvestav del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge N Quevedo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cinvestav del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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9
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Li C, Yan X, Wu D, Zhang K, Liang X, Pan Y, Zhou Y, Chen F, Chen X, Yang S, Zhou Z, Wei Y, Liao Y, Qiu Z. Vaccine Targeted Alpha 1D-Adrenergic Receptor for Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 74:1551-1562. [PMID: 31607175 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The α1-AR (α1 adrenergic receptor) blockers currently on the market cannot meet clinical needs because of low-selectivity for subtypes of α1-ARs, short half-life, and uncertain role in cardiovascular end point events. The study sought to find a vaccine specifically against α1D-AR (α1D-adrenergic receptor) for treating hypertension. A short peptide ADR-004 (cgiteeagy) belonging to α1D-AR was screened, and the ADRQβ-004 vaccine was produced and injected into spontaneously hypertensive rats model (including a short-term study, 10 weeks, and a long-term observation study, 39 weeks) and NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester + spontaneously hypertensive rats model (15 weeks). The antihypertensive effect and target organ protection of the ADRQβ-004 vaccine were carefully evaluated. The possible immune-mediated damage was detected in normal vaccinated Sprague Dawley rats. The ADR-004 peptide has perfect immunogenicity, and the ADRQβ-004 vaccine could induce strong antibody production. In the short-term study, the ADRQβ-004 vaccine averagely decreased the systolic blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats up to 15 mm Hg and that of NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester+spontaneously hypertensive rats up to 29 mm Hg. In the long-term observation model, the antihypertensive effect of the ADRQβ-004 vaccine was quite stable, and the average decline of systolic blood pressure was 22 mm Hg. The ADRQβ-004 vaccine effectively prevented vascular structural remodeling, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and renal injury of hypertensive animals, superior to prazosin at renal level. Moreover, the ADRQβ-004 vaccine obviously downregulated the expression of α1D-AR, but not α1A-AR. Additionally, no significant immune-mediated damage was detected in immunized animals. The present results demonstrate that the ADRQβ-004 vaccine may provide a novel and promising method for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaole Yan
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyu Wu
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Medical Statistics Office, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L.)
| | - Yajie Pan
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhou
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijun Yang
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihua Zhou
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yumiao Wei
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Qiu
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education (C.L., X.Y., D.W., K.Z., Y.P., Y.Z., F.C., X.C., S.Y., Z.Z., Y.W., Y.L., Z.Q.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Fedorowski A, Li H, Yu X, Koelsch KA, Harris VM, Liles C, Murphy TA, Quadri SMS, Scofield RH, Sutton R, Melander O, Kem DC. Antiadrenergic autoimmunity in postural tachycardia syndrome. Europace 2018; 19:1211-1219. [PMID: 27702852 PMCID: PMC5834103 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), a common and debilitating cardiovascular disorder, is characterized by an exaggerated heart rate increase during orthostasis and a wide spectrum of adrenergic-related symptoms. To determine the aetiology of POTS, we examined a possible pathophysiological role for autoantibodies against α1-adrenergic (α1AR) and β1/2-adrenergic receptors (β1/2AR). Methods and results Immunoglobulin G (IgG) derived from 17 POTS patients, 7 with recurrent vasovagal syncope (VVS), and 11 normal controls was analysed for its ability to modulate activity and ligand responsiveness of α1AR and β1/2AR in transfected cells and to alter contractility of isolated rat cremaster arterioles in vitro. Immunoglobulin G activation of α1AR and β1/2AR was significantly higher in POTS compared with VVS and controls in cell-based assays. Eight, 11, and 12 of the 17 POTS patients possessed autoantibodies that activated α1AR, β1AR and β2AR, respectively. Pharmacological blockade suppressed IgG-induced activation of α1AR and β1/2AR. Eight of 17 POTS IgG decreased the α1AR responsiveness to phenylephrine and 13 of 17 POTS IgG increased the β1AR responsiveness to isoproterenol irrespective of their ability to directly activate their receptors. Postural tachycardia syndrome IgG contracted rat cremaster arterioles, which was reversed by α1AR blockade. The upright heart rate correlated with IgG-mediated β1AR and α1AR activity but not with β2AR activity. Conclusion These data confirm a strong relationship between adrenergic autoantibodies and POTS. They support the concept that allosteric-mediated shifts in the α1AR and β1AR responsiveness are important in the pathophysiology of postural tachycardia.
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MESH Headings
- Abdominal Muscles/blood supply
- Adolescent
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Adult
- Animals
- Arterioles/drug effects
- Arterioles/metabolism
- Autoantibodies/blood
- Autoimmunity
- CHO Cells
- Case-Control Studies
- Cricetulus
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome/blood
- Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome/diagnosis
- Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome/immunology
- Rats
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/immunology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/immunology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/immunology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Transfection
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Fedorowski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 46, Malmö 20502, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Tel: +46 40331000; fax: +46 40336225. E-mail address:
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xichun Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kristi A. Koelsch
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Valerie M. Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Campbell Liles
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Taylor A. Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Syed M. S. Quadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Robert Hal Scofield
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Richard Sutton
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David C. Kem
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Abstract
To study whether hypercaloric diet-induced obesity deteriorates vascular contractility of rat aorta through functional changes in α1 adrenergic and/or AT1 Angiotensin II receptors. Angiotensin II- or phenylephrine-induced contraction was tested on isolated aorta rings with and without endothelium from female Wistar rats fed for 7 weeks with hypercaloric diet or standard diet. Vascular expression of Angiotensin II Receptor type 1 (AT1R), Angiotensin II Receptor type 2 (AT2R), Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS), as well as blood pressure, glucose, insulin and angiotensin II blood levels were measured. Diet-induced obesity did not significantly change agonist-induced contractions (Emax and pD2 hypercaloric diet vs standard diet n.s.d.) of both intact (e+) or endothelium free (e-) vessels but significantly decrease both phenylephrine and angiotensin II contraction (Emax p < 0.01 hypercaloric diet vs standard diet) in the presence of both prazosin and losartan but only in endothelium-intact vessels. Diet-induced obesity did not change angiotensin II AT1, AT2 receptor proteins expression but reduced COX-1 and NOS2 ( p < 0.05 vs standard diet). Seven-week hypercaloric diet-induced obesity produces alterations in vascular adrenergic and angiotensin II receptor dynamics that suggest an endothelium-dependent adrenergic/angiotensin II crosstalk. These changes reflect early-stage vascular responses to obesity.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Cyclooxygenase 1/metabolism
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Diet/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Energy Intake
- Female
- In Vitro Techniques
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/drug effects
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Juarez
- 1 Post-graduate studies and Investigation Department, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Tufiño
- 1 Post-graduate studies and Investigation Department, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Querejeta
- 1 Post-graduate studies and Investigation Department, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ismael Bracho-Valdes
- 2 Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rosa A Bobadilla-Lugo
- 1 Post-graduate studies and Investigation Department, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rizvić E, Janković G, Kostić-Rajačić S, Savić MM. Atypical sympathomimetic drug lerimazoline mediates contractile effects in rat aorta predominantly by 5-HT2A receptors. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2017; 17:194-202. [PMID: 28628756 PMCID: PMC5581967 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2017.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lerimazoline is a sympathomimetic drug that belongs to the imidazoline class of compounds, and is used as a nasal decongestant. Studies on lerimazoline are rare, and its pharmacological profile is not completely understood. Here, we analyzed the affinity of lerimazoline for dopamine receptor D2, serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors and α1-adrenoceptor, and investigated lerimazoline contractile effects in isolated rat thoracic aorta. We also determined the effect of several antagonists on the contractile response to lerimazoline, including prazosin (α1-adrenoceptor antagonist), RX 821002 and rauwolscine (α2-adrenoceptor antagonists), JP 1302 (α2C-adrenoceptor antagonist), methiothepin (non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist), SB 224289 (5-HT1B receptor antagonist), BRL 15572 (5-HT1D receptor antagonist), and ketanserin (5-HT2A receptor antagonist). Lerimazoline displayed high affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor (Ki = 162.5 nM), similar to the previously reported affinity for the 5-HT1D receptor. Binding affinity estimates (Ki) for α1, 5-HT2A, and D2 receptors were 6656, 4202 and 3437.5 nM, respectively (the literature reported Ki for 5-HT1B receptor is 3480 nM). Lerimazoline caused concentration-dependent contractions in 70% of preparations, varying in the range between 40% and 55% of the maximal contraction elicited by phenylephrine. While prazosin reduced the maximum contractile response to lerimazoline, rauwolscine showed a non-significant trend in reduction of the response. Both ketanserin (10 nM and 1 µM) and methiothepin strongly suppressed the maximum response to lerimazoline. Overall, our results suggest that 5-HT2A and, less distinctly, α1-adrenergic receptors are involved in the lerimazoline-induced contractions, which makes lerimazoline an "atypical" decongestant.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives
- Niacinamide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Niacinamide/metabolism
- Niacinamide/pharmacology
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1D/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1D/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Sympathomimetics/metabolism
- Sympathomimetics/pharmacology
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldina Rizvić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Ahmad A, Sattar M, Khan SA, Abdullah NA, Johns EJ, Afzal S. INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DOWN REGULATION OF ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (ENOS) IN THE KIDNEY ATTEN- UATE THE RESPONSIVENESS OF (XlB ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS IN THE KIDNEY OF RATS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY. Acta Pol Pharm 2017; 74:413-423. [PMID: 29624247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Present study explored endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (eNOS/NO) pathway in the kidney and role of αIB adrenergic receptor in the regulation of renal vasculature in the rats with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). LVH was induced by administering isoprenaline 5 mg/kg (s.c. 72 h. apart) and caffeine (62 mg/L in drinking water) for 14 days. Quantification of molecular expression of eNOS in kidney was performed by quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Renal vasoconstrictor responses were measured by administering noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE) and methoxamine (ME) in pre-drug phase, low dose and high dose phases of chloroethylelonidine (CEC), a selective of (αIB adrenergic receptor antagonist. In the kidney of LVH male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats eNOS was significantly down regulated (p < 0.05) by 74% relative to Control WKY (taken as 100%). The high dose 5 CEC attenuated the vasoconstrictor responses to NA by 41%, PE by 43% and ME by 33% in the LVH-WKY when compared to the same dose phase in Control WKY group. In LVH, increased oxidative stress in kidney and increased ACE activity in the plasma resulted in down regulation of eNOS/NO in the kidney. The renal vasoconstrictor responses to adrenergic agonist are blunted in LVH and (αIB adrenergic receptor is functional subtype in renal vasculature in LVH.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Caffeine
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Isoproterenol
- Kidney/blood supply
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/enzymology
- Male
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/blood
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Renal Artery/drug effects
- Renal Artery/enzymology
- Renal Artery/physiopathology
- Signal Transduction
- Vasoconstriction
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14
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Kazi RN, Sattar MA, Johns EJ. Antidiuretic and antinatriuretic response to high salt load in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats: Role of alpha-1A-adrenoreceptors. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol 2017; 37:13-18. [PMID: 28332265 DOI: 10.1111/aap.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Altered renal adrenergic responses have been recognized as pathophysiological responses to high salt intake. This study aims to investigate the influence of 6 weeks of high salt diet on α1A -adrenoceptor regulation of renal tubular antinatriuretic and antidiuretic response in normal Wistar Kyoto rats. To achieve the above objective, antinatriuretic and antidiuretic response to phenylephrine was measured in the absence and presence of 5-methylurapidil (5-MeU) using the inulin clearance method. Systemic mean arterial blood pressure and renal haemodynamics were also measured simultaneously. Six weeks of high salt intake in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats did not bring any significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure. WKY rat on high salt diet (WKYHNa) showed an exaggerated increase in absolute and fractional sodium excretion. There was a significant involvement of α1A -adrenoceptor in carrying out renal tubular antinatriuretic and antidiuretic response in Wistar Kyoto rats on normal sodium diet (WKYNNa). However, α1A -adrenoceptor played a minimal role in handling the tubular reabsorptive response in WKY rats on high salt diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Kazi
- College of Applied Medical Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Wadi Ad Dawaser, Saudi Arabia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - M A Sattar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - E J Johns
- Department of Physiology, Aras Windle, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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15
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Suita K, Fujita T, Hasegawa N, Cai W, Jin H, Hidaka Y, Prajapati R, Umemura M, Yokoyama U, Sato M, Okumura S, Ishikawa Y. Norepinephrine-Induced Adrenergic Activation Strikingly Increased the Atrial Fibrillation Duration through β1- and α1-Adrenergic Receptor-Mediated Signaling in Mice. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26203906 PMCID: PMC4512675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmias among old people. It causes serious long-term health problems affecting the quality of life. It has been suggested that the autonomic nervous system is involved in the onset and maintenance of AF in human. However, investigation of its pathogenesis and potential treatment has been hampered by the lack of suitable AF models in experimental animals. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to establish a long-lasting AF model in mice. We also investigated the role of adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes, which may be involved in the onset and duration of AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Trans-esophageal atrial burst pacing in mice could induce AF, as previously shown, but with only a short duration (29.0 ± 8.1 sec). We found that adrenergic activation by intraperitoneal norepinephrine (NE) injection strikingly increased the AF duration. It increased the duration to more than 10 minutes, i.e., by more than 20-fold (656.2 ± 104.8 sec; P<0.001). In this model, a prior injection of a specific β1-AR blocker metoprolol and an α1-AR blocker prazosin both significantly attenuated NE-induced elongation of AF. To further explore the mechanisms underlying these receptors' effects on AF, we assessed the SR Ca(2+) leak, a major trigger of AF, and consequent spontaneous SR Ca(2+) release (SCR) in atrial myocytes. Consistent with the results of our in-vivo experiments, both metoprolol and prazosin significantly inhibited the NE-induced SR Ca(2+) leak and SCR. These findings suggest that both β1-AR and α1-AR may play important roles in the development of AF. CONCLUSIONS We have established a long-lasting AF model in mice induced by adrenergic activation, which will be valuable in future AF study using experimental animals, such as transgenic mice. We also revealed the important role of β1- and α1-AR-mediated signaling in the development of AF through in-vivo and in-vitro experiments.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Atrial Fibrillation/chemically induced
- Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Conduction System/drug effects
- Heart Conduction System/physiopathology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Male
- Metoprolol/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology
- Norepinephrine/administration & dosage
- Norepinephrine/toxicity
- Prazosin/pharmacology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/physiology
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects
- Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects
- Sympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Suita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (TF); (YI)
| | - Nozomi Hasegawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wenqian Cai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Huiling Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuko Hidaka
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rajesh Prajapati
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masanari Umemura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (TF); (YI)
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16
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Wang D, Zha X, Nagase K, Akino H, Muramatsu I, Ito H, Yokoyama O. Effects of the 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride on rat prostate α1A-adrenergic receptor and its mediated contractility. Urology 2015; 85:704.e9-14. [PMID: 25733305 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the possible interference of the 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride with α-adrenergic blockers, whose action is mainly mediated by α1A-adrenergic receptor. METHODS Male rats were divided into dutasteride and vehicle-treated groups. The drug treatment group was treated with oral dutasteride 0.5 mg/kg/d, and the control group received vehicle only for 2 months. After the 2-month treatment, the rats' ventral prostate weight changes and the testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in the serum were measured. In vitro organ-bath studies, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and tissue-segment binding were performed to determine the expression of α1A-adrenergic receptors and its mediated contractility. RESULTS Dutasteride treatment significantly decreased the rats' ventral prostate weight, increased their testosterone levels, and decreased the dihydrotestosterone levels in their serum. There were no marked changes in the α1A-adrenergic receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression, relative phenylephrine-induced contractility, or nerve-mediated contractility between the groups. Dutasteride treatment caused no marked changes in the relative binding capacity of α1A-adrenergic receptor, whereas it greatly decreased the total protein expression of this subtype and its mediated maximal contraction in the whole ventral prostate. CONCLUSION These results suggest that dutasteride does not interfere with α-adrenergic blockers but otherwise has beneficial effects on their actions. Therefore, the long-term administration of the combination of dutasteride with an α-adrenergic blocker might be a better choice for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Xinmin Zha
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Keiko Nagase
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hironobu Akino
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ikunobu Muramatsu
- Translational Research Center, Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokoyama
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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17
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Huang JJ, Huang YJ, Zhu L, Yuan M, Huang L. Design, synthesis and alpha1-adrenoreceptor blocking activity of new arylpiperazines containing acetophenone substituents. Pharmazie 2014; 69:578-584. [PMID: 25158567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alpha1-AR antagonists are currently first-line therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). In this study, we report the synthesis of a new series of arylpiperazine derivatives containing acetophenone (3-17) which possess alpha1-adrenoreceptor blocking activity. The in vitro alpha1-adrenoreceptor blocking activity of each derivative was first screened using rabbit thoracic aortic rings by measuring the relaxation response (%) activated by (-)-noradrenaline (3 microM). Compounds 6 and 7 with 2,5-dimethoxy and 2-ethoxy substituent were found to have significant vasodilatory effect. Since the presence of a chiral carbon in the structure, 6 and 7 together with their enantiomers 14-17 were further evaluated by testing diastolic effect on rabbit thoracic aorta, prostate and bladder smooth muscle. The S-enantiomer was found to have more potent diastolic activity than the R-enantiomer and racemate, 17 being the most effective alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonist. In order to assess tissue selectivity, the antagonistic effect of 17 on the (-)-noradrenaline induced contractile response of isolated rat vas deferens (alpha(1A)), spleen (alpha(1B)) and aorta (alpha(1D)) was characterized finally. Compared with naftopidil (1) and terazosin, compound 17 exhibited higher selectivity (18-fold) for the alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor subtype as compared to the alpha(1B)-adrenoceptor subtype, indicating less cardiovascular side effects for the treatment of LUTS/BPH. These data suggest that the acetophenone is a new effective adrenergic receptor ligand as well as incentivizes further research regarding pharmacological properties of chiral molecules.
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18
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Lei B, Schwinn DA, Morris DP. Stimulation of α1a adrenergic receptors induces cellular proliferation or antiproliferative hypertrophy dependent solely on agonist concentration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72430. [PMID: 23991110 PMCID: PMC3749976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of α1aAdrenergic Receptors (ARs) is known to have anti-proliferative and hypertrophic effects; however, some studies also suggests this receptor can increase cell proliferation. Surprisingly, we find the α1aAR expressed in rat-1 fibroblasts can produce either phenotype, depending exclusively on agonist concentration. Stimulation of the α1aAR by high dose phenylephrine (>10−7 M) induces an antiproliferative, hypertrophic response accompanied by robust and extended p38 activation. Inhibition of p38 with SB203580 prevented the antiproliferative response, while inhibition of Erk or Jnk had no effect. In stark contrast, stimulation of the α1aAR with low dose phenylephrine (∼10−8 M) induced an Erk-dependent increase in cellular proliferation. Agonist-induced Erk phosphorylation was preceded by rapid FGFR and EGFR transactivation; however, only EGFR inhibition blocked Erk activation and proliferation. The general matrix metalloprotease inhibitor, GM6001, blocked agonist induced Erk activation within seconds, strongly suggesting EGFR activation involved extracellular triple membrane pass signaling. Erk activation required little Ca2+ release and was blocked by PLCβ or PKC inhibition but not by intracellular Ca2+ chelation, suggesting Ca2+ independent activation of novel PKC isoforms. In contrast, Ca2+ release was essential for PI3K/Akt activation, which was acutely maximal at non-proliferative doses of agonist. Remarkably, our data suggests EGFR transactivation leading to Erk induced proliferation has the lowest activation threshold of any α1aAR response. The ability of α1aARs to induce proliferation are discussed in light of evidence suggesting antagonistic growth responses reflect native α1aAR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Debra A. Schwinn
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Morris
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Abstract
Abstract Mesenteric arteries (MAs) are studied widely in vitro but little is known of their reactivity in vivo. Transgenic animals have enabled Ca(2+) signalling to be studied in isolated MAs but the reactivity of these vessels in vivo is undefined. We tested the hypothesis that ageing alters MA reactivity to perivascular nerve stimulation (PNS) and adrenoreceptor (AR) activation during blood flow control. First- (1A), second- (2A) and third-order (3A) MAs of pentobarbital-anaesthetized Young (3-6 months) and Old (24-26 months) male and female Cx40(BAC)-GCaMP2 transgenic mice (C57BL/6 background; positive or negative for the GCaMP2 transgene) were studied with intravital microscopy. A segment of jejunum was exteriorized and an MA network was superfused with physiological salt solution (pH 7.4, 37°C). Resting tone was 10% in MAs of Young and Old mice; diameters were ∼5% (1A), 20% (2A) and 40% (3A) smaller (P 0.05) in Old mice. Throughout MA networks, vasoconstriction increased with PNS frequency (1-16 Hz) but was ∼20% less in Young vs. Old mice (P 0.05) and was inhibited by tetrodotoxin (1 μm). Capsaicin (10 μm; to inhibit sensory nerves) enhanced MA constriction to PNS (P 0.05) by ∼20% in Young but not Old mice. Phenylephrine (an α1AR agonist) potency was greater in Young mice (P 0.05) with similar efficacy (∼60% constriction) across ages and MA branches. Constrictions to UK14304 (an α2AR agonist) were less (∼20%; P 0.05) and were unaffected by ageing. Irrespective of sex or transgene expression, ageing consistently reduced the sensitivity of MAs to α1AR vasoconstriction while blunting the attenuation of sympathetic vasoconstriction by sensory nerves. These findings imply substantive alterations in splanchnic blood flow control with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika B Westcott
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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20
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Ives SJ, Andtbacka RHI, Kwon SH, Shiu YT, Ruan T, Noyes RD, Zhang QJ, Symons JD, Richardson RS. Heat and α1-adrenergic responsiveness in human skeletal muscle feed arteries: the role of nitric oxide. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1690-8. [PMID: 23042905 PMCID: PMC3544510 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00955.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased local temperature exerts a sympatholytic effect on human skeletal muscle feed arteries. We hypothesized that this attenuated α(1)-adrenergic receptor responsiveness may be due to a temperature-induced increase in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, thereby reducing the impact of the α(1)-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine (PE). Thirteen human skeletal muscle feed arteries were harvested, and wire myography was used to generate PE concentration-response curves at 37 °C and 39 °C, with and without the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). A subset of arteries (n = 4) were exposed to 37 °C or 39 °C, and the protein content of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and α(1)-adrenergic receptors was determined by Western blot analysis. Additionally, cultured bovine endothelial cells were exposed to static or shear stress conditions at 37 °C and 39 °C and assayed for eNOS activation (phosphorylation at Ser(1177)), eNOS expression, and NO metabolites [nitrate + nitrite (NOx)]. Maximal PE-induced vasocontraction (PE(max)) was lower at 39 °C than at 37 °C [39 ± 10 vs. 84 ± 30% maximal response to 100 mM KCl (KCl(max))]. NO blockade restored vasocontraction at 39 °C to that achieved at 37 °C (80 ± 26% KCl(max)). Western blot analysis of the feed arteries revealed that heating increased eNOS protein, but not α(1)-adrenergic receptors. Heating of bovine endothelial cells resulted in greater shear stress-induced eNOS activation and NOx production. Together, these data reveal for the first time that, in human skeletal muscle feed arteries, NO blockade can restore the heat-attenuated α(1)-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasocontraction and implicate endothelium-derived NO bioavailability as a major contributor to heat-induced sympatholysis. Consequently, these findings highlight the important role of vasodilators in modulating the vascular response to vasoconstrictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Ives
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Radioligand binding studies were done to investigate the effect of chronic administration of Amitriptyline on alpha1-adrenoceptor (alpha1-AR) receptor mediated response to inositol triphosphate (IP3) in rat brain. Our studies revealed a significant decrease in the densities of alpha1-ARs in cortex and cerebellum of rat brain after chronic administration of Amitriptyline (10 mg kg-1 b.wt.). However, there was no significant change in the affinity of [3H]prazosin to alpha1-ARs. Displacement studies showed that Amitriptyline has higher affinity for alpha1-AR with a Ki value of 182+/-16 nM. Significant change was observed in basal IP3 activity in cortex and cerebellum after Amitriptyline exposure. In cortex and cerebellum of experimental rats the NE (Norepinephrine) stimulated IP3 activity was significantly decreased (1460+/-102 DPM/g tissue; p<0.0001; 1188+/-112 DPM/g tissue; p<0.0001), when compared to NE stimulated IP3 activity (4152+/-286 and 3952+/-245 DPM/g tissue, respectively) in control rats. The decrease in NE stimulated IP3 activity in both regions may be due to the significant downregulation of alpha1-ARs in cortex after Amitriptyline exposure as these sites are positively coupled to IP3. The observed significant decrease in alphal-ARs with concomitant decrease in NE stimulated IP3 activity, after Amitriptyline treatment, suggests that Amitriptyline which has high affinity for these sites, acts by modulating the alpha1-AR receptor mediated response in brain.
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22
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Looft-Wilson RC, Todd SE, Araj CA, Mutchler SM, Goodell CAR. Alpha(1)-adrenergic-mediated eNOS phosphorylation in intact arteries. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 58:112-7. [PMID: 22982055 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Activation of arterial smooth muscle alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors results in vasoconstriction, as well as a secondary release of nitric oxide and slow vasodilation, presumably through gap junction communication from smooth muscle to endothelium. We hypothesized that this slow vasodilation is due to activation of eNOS through phosphorylation at Ser1179 and dephosphorylation at Thr495. Phosphorylation was measured by western blot using mouse mesenteric arteries that were cannulated and pressurized (75 mm Hg) and treated either by 1) 5 min of phenylephrine superfusion (10(-5)M) (PE5), 2) 15 min of phenylephrine (PE15), 3) 15 min phenylephrine followed by acetylcholine (10(-4)M) (PE+ACh), or 4) 20 min time control with no treatment (NT) [4-5 arteries pooled per treatment per blot; 5 blots performed]. These treatments allowed correlation between vasomotor changes, namely maximal constriction (PE5), slow vasodilation (PE15), and maximal dilation (PE+ACh), and relative phosphorylation changes. Phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1179 was increased relative to NT by more than 2-fold at PE5 and remained similarly increased at PE15 and PE+ACh. Phosphorylation of eNOS at Thr495 was less in all treatments relative to NT, but not significantly. Treatment with L-NAME (10(-4)M) or endothelial denudation indicated that the slow dilation in response to phenylephrine was completely due to nitric oxide synthase and was endothelial dependent. These results indicate that eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1179 occurs before the slow dilation and is not actively involved in this vasodilation or dilation to acetylcholine, but may play a permissive role in eNOS activation by other mechanisms. It is not yet known what mechanism is responsible for Ser1179 phosphorylation with phenylephrine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C Looft-Wilson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, United States.
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23
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Petty A, Myshkin E, Qin H, Guo H, Miao H, Tochtrop GP, Hsieh JT, Page P, Liu L, Lindner DJ, Acharya C, MacKerell AD, Ficker E, Song J, Wang B. A small molecule agonist of EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibits tumor cell migration in vitro and prostate cancer metastasis in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42120. [PMID: 22916121 PMCID: PMC3419725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor progression, EphA2 receptor can gain ligand-independent pro-oncogenic functions due to Akt activation and reduced ephrin-A ligand engagement. The effects can be reversed by ligand stimulation, which triggers the intrinsic tumor suppressive signaling pathways of EphA2 including inhibition of PI3/Akt and Ras/ERK pathways. These observations argue for development of small molecule agonists for EphA2 as potential tumor intervention agents. Through virtual screening and cell-based assays, we report here the identification and characterization of doxazosin as a novel small molecule agonist for EphA2 and EphA4, but not for other Eph receptors tested. NMR studies revealed extensive contacts of doxazosin with EphA2/A4, recapitulating both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions recently found in the EphA2/ephrin-A1 complex. Clinically used as an α1-adrenoreceptor antagonist (Cardura®) for treating hypertension and benign prostate hyperplasia, doxazosin activated EphA2 independent of α1-adrenoreceptor. Similar to ephrin-A1, doxazosin inhibited Akt and ERK kinase activities in an EphA2-dependent manner. Treatment with doxazosin triggered EphA2 receptor internalization, and suppressed haptotactic and chemotactic migration of prostate cancer, breast cancer, and glioma cells. Moreover, in an orthotopic xenograft model, doxazosin reduced distal metastasis of human prostate cancer cells and prolonged survival in recipient mice. To our knowledge, doxazosin is the first small molecule agonist of a receptor tyrosine kinase that is capable of inhibiting malignant behaviors in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Petty
- Rammelkamp Center for Research and Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eugene Myshkin
- Rammelkamp Center for Research and Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Haina Qin
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Guo
- Rammelkamp Center for Research and Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hui Miao
- Rammelkamp Center for Research and Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gregory P. Tochtrop
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Phillip Page
- Reichert, Inc., Depew, New York, United States of America
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Lindner
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chayan Acharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexander D. MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eckhard Ficker
- Rammelkamp Center for Research and Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jianxing Song
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (JS); (BW)
| | - Bingcheng Wang
- Rammelkamp Center for Research and Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JS); (BW)
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Yadav MR, Gandhi HP, Naik PP, Giridhar R. Revelation on the potency of α(1) -blockers - parallel blockade of angiotensin II receptor: a new finding. Pharm Biol 2012; 50:439-442. [PMID: 22136253 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.611144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The problem of hypertension has gained enormous proportions in the past decade. Multifactorial etiology and complex pathophysiology of the disease has rendered the treatment of the disease a hard task. Sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are primary contributors of blood pressure homeostasis. OBJECTIVE Structural similarities were identified among AT(1) and α(1)-antagonists, initiating a speculation that α(1)-antagonists could possibly block the AT(1) receptor and vice-versa. METHODS To corroborate this speculation, we screened prototypical α(1)-antagonists such as prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin for antagonism of angiotensin II on rat aortic strips. We also examined the AT(1) antagonists losartan, valsartan, and olmesartan for their possible antagonistic effect, on contractions of rat aortic strips induced by phenylephrine. RESULTS To our astonishment, we found that prazosin and its analogs which have been reported to have α(1)-antagonistic activity only, were able to shift concentration response curves of angiotensin II. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the potent antihypertensive effect of prazosin-type α(1)-antagonists is not purely due to α(1)-receptor blocking activity of these compounds but also due to blockade of AT(1) receptors. This finding may lead to the development of more potent dual inhibitors which would prove to be of immense value in the control of the scourge of hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists/chemistry
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/chemistry
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/chemistry
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxazosin/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Male
- Molecular Structure
- Prazosin/analogs & derivatives
- Prazosin/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/drug effects
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tetrazoles/pharmacology
- Valine/analogs & derivatives
- Valine/pharmacology
- Valsartan
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/chemistry
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Yadav
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
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Schroeder C, Stabroth C, Luft FC, Jordan J. Adrenergic cardiovascular control before and after removal of stimulatory α-1 adrenoreceptor antibodies. Hypertension 2011; 59:e6-7. [PMID: 22203743 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.188177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Schmitz J, Holzgrabe U. [The development of selective α2-receptor agonists]. Pharm Unserer Zeit 2011; 40:496-502. [PMID: 22028135 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.201100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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27
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28
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Abdulla MH, Sattar MA, Johns EJ, Abdullah NA, Khan MAH. Evidence for the role of α1A-adrenoceptor subtype in the control of renal haemodynamics in fructose-fed Sprague-Dawley rat. Eur J Nutr 2011; 50:689-97. [PMID: 21373947 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the hypothesis that high fructose intake results in a higher functional contribution of α1A-adrenoceptors and blunts the adrenergically and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced renal vasoconstriction. METHODS Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats received either 20% fructose solution [FFR] or tap water [C] to drink ad libitum for 8 weeks. The renal vasoconstrictor response to noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE), methoxamine (ME) and Ang II was determined in the presence and absence of 5-methylurapidil (5-MU) (α1A-adrenoceptor antagonist) in a three-phase experiment (pre-drug, low- and high-dose 5-MU). Data, mean ± SEM were analysed by ANOVA or Student's unpaired t-test with significance at P < 0.05. RESULTS FFR exhibited insulin resistance (HOMA index), hypertension and significant increases in plasma levels of glucose and insulin. All agonists caused dose-related reductions in cortical blood perfusion that were larger in C than in FFR while the magnitudes of the responses were progressively reduced with increasing doses of 5-MU in both C and FFR. The degree of 5-MU attenuation of the renal cortical vasoconstriction due to NA, ME and Ang II was significantly greater in the FFR compared to C. CONCLUSIONS Fructose intake for 8 weeks results in smaller vascular response to adrenergic agonists and Ang II. The α1A-adrenoceptor subtype is the functional subtype that mediates renal cortical vasoconstriction in control rats, and this contribution becomes higher due to fructose feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Abdulla
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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29
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Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly prevalent in older men. Medical therapy is the first-line treatment for LUTS due to BPH. Alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers remain one of the mainstays in the treatment of male LUTS and clinical BPH. They exhibit early onset of efficacy with regard to both symptoms and flow rate improvement, and this is clearly demonstrated in placebo-controlled trials with extensions out to five years. These agents have been shown to prevent symptomatic progression of the disease. The aim of this article is to offer a critical review of the current literature on silodosin, formerly known as KMD-3213, a novel alpha-blocker with unprecedented selectivity for α(1A)-adrenergic receptors, as compared with both α(1B)- and α(1D) -adrenoceptors, exceeding the selectivity of all currently used α(1)-blockers, and with clinically promising effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Rossi
- Department of Urology, Erasme Hospital, University Clinics of Brussels, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Roumeguère
- Department of Urology, Erasme Hospital, University Clinics of Brussels, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Szot P, Miguelez C, White SS, Franklin A, Sikkema C, Wilkinson CW, Ugedo L, Raskind MA. A comprehensive analysis of the effect of DSP4 on the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system in the rat. Neuroscience 2010; 166:279-91. [PMID: 20045445 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) is a major component of Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but the consequence of noradrenergic neuronal loss has different effects on the surviving neurons in the two disorders. Therefore, understanding the consequence of noradrenergic neuronal loss is important in determining the role of this neurotransmitter in these neurodegenerative disorders. The goal of the study was to determine if the neurotoxin N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP4) could be used as a model for either (or both) AD or PD. Rats were administered DSP4 and sacrificed 3 days 2 weeks and 3 months later. DSP4-treatment resulted in a rapid, though transient reduction in norepinephrine (NE) and NE transporter (NET) in many brain regions receiving variable innervation from the LC. Alpha(1)-adrenoreceptors binding site concentrations were unchanged in all brain regions at all three time points. However, an increase in alpha(2)-AR was observed in many different brain regions 2 weeks and 3 months after DSP4. These changes observed in forebrain regions occurred without a loss in LC noradrenergic neurons. Expression of synthesizing enzymes or NET did not change in amount of expression/neuron despite the reduction in NE tissue content and NET binding site concentrations at early time points, suggesting no compensatory response. In addition, DSP4 did not affect basal activity of LC at any time point in anesthetized animals, but 2 weeks after DSP4 there is a significant increase in irregular firing of noradrenergic neurons. These data indicate that DSP4 is not a selective LC noradrenergic neurotoxin, but does affect noradrenergic neuron terminals locally, as evident by the changes in transmitter and markers at terminal regions. However, since DSP4 did not result in a loss of noradrenergic neurons, it is not considered an adequate model for noradrenergic neuronal loss observed in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Szot
- Northwest Network for Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
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31
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Li JX, Unzeitig A, Javors MA, Rice KC, Koek W, France CP. Discriminative stimulus effects of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM), ketanserin, and (R)-(+)-{alpha}-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-pipidinemethanol (MDL100907) in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 331:671-9. [PMID: 19687292 PMCID: PMC2775261 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.157560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little is known about constitutive activity in vivo. This study examined whether constitutive activity and inverse agonism contribute to discriminative stimulus effects of drugs acting at serotonin (5-HT)(2A) receptors. Rats were trained to discriminate between saline and either 0.56 mg/kg 5-HT(2) receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM), 1.0 mg/kg 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist ketanserin, or 0.1 mg/kg purported 5-HT(2A) receptor inverse agonist (R)-(+)-alpha-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-pipidinemethanol (MDL100907). Discriminative control was established with each drug after 33 to 35 sessions. MDL100907 and ketanserin did not occasion DOM lever responding but attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of DOM. DOM did not occasion responding on the drug-associated lever in rats discriminating MDL100907 or ketanserin, but attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of both drugs. Ketanserin and ritanserin occasioned MDL100907-lever responding, whereas rats discriminating ketanserin responded only partially on the drug-associated lever after receiving MDL100907, ritanserin, or the alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonist prazosin. Combining prazosin with MDL100907 or ritanserin resulted in near-complete ketanserin-lever responding, indicating that the ketanserin stimulus involves both 5-HT(2A) and alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors. Administration of p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, then fenfluramine, significantly decreased cortical 5-HT, enhanced sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus effects of DOM, and occasioned partial MDL100907-lever responding. Collectively, these results show that DOM and MDL100907 discriminative stimulus effects are mediated by 5-HT(2A) receptors and that ketanserin discriminative stimulus effects involve both 5-HT(2A) and alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors. Results in 5-HT-depleted rats further suggest that the discriminative stimulus effects of MDL100907 might involve antagonism of endogenous 5-HT and/or inverse agonism at 5-HT(2A) receptors.
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MESH Headings
- DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Dissociative/pharmacology
- Animals
- Conditioning, Operant/drug effects
- Discrimination, Psychological/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
- Fluorobenzenes/pharmacology
- Ketamine/pharmacology
- Ketanserin/pharmacology
- Male
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Phencyclidine/pharmacology
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Ritanserin/pharmacology
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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32
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Kornicka A, Hudson AL, Bednarski PJ. Synthesis and biological activity of some 2-imidazolinylhydrazone derivatives. Acta Pol Pharm 2009; 66:523-534. [PMID: 19894648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-(imidazolidin-2-ylidene)hydrazones and N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-N-methylhydrazones were prepared and examined for alpha 1-, alpha 2-adrenergic and imidazoline I1, I2 receptors binding affinities as well as cytotoxic activity against human tumor cell lines. Among the compounds tested, 2-naphthaldehyde N-(imidazolidin-2-ylidene)hydrazone (3e) exhibited a significant affinity for both alpha 2-adrenergic and imidazoline I1 receptors (Ki = 94.3 nM and IC50 = 51.7 nM, respectively). Moreover, pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde N-(imidazolidin-2-ylidene)hydrazone (3l) showed the highest binding affinity to alpha 1-adrenoceptors (Ki = 24.6 nM), while quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde N-(imidazolidin-2-ylidene)hydrazone (3m) displayed the highest I2 affinity with a Ki value of 26.7 nM and a high selectivity with respect to alpha 2-adrenergic and imidazoline I1 receptors (Ki = 22470.0 nM and IC50 = 6145.0 nM, respectively). None of the tested N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-N-methylhydrazones 4p-u displayed cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kornicka
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Fiorino F, Severino B, De Angelis F, Perissutti E, Magli E, Frecentese F, Esposito A, Massarelli P, Nencini C, Viti B, Santagada V, Caliendo G. Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation of a new series of 5-HT1A 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor ligands containing a norbornene nucleus. Pharmazie 2009; 64:555-564. [PMID: 19827295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of 4-substituted piperazine derivatives bearing a norbornene nucleus have been prepared and their affinity for serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors has been evaluated. Compounds showing the highest affinity have been selected and evaluated on dopaminergic (D1 and D2) and adrenergic (alpha1 and alpha2) receptors. The combination of structural elements (heterocyclic nucleus, oxyalkyl chain and 4-substituted piperazine) known to be critical in order to have affinity on serotonin receptors and the proper selection of substituents led to compounds with higher receptor specificity and affinity. In binding studies, several molecules showed affinity in nanomolar range towards 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors and moderate to no affinity for other relevant receptors (D1, D2, alpha1 and alpha2). Compound 2q 4-[2-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethoxy]-4-aza-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione (Ki = 1.13 nM), was the most active and selective derivative for the 5-HT2C receptor with respect to other serotonin, dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors. Moreover, compound 3p showed mixed 5-HT2A/5-HT2C activity with affinity values in nanomolar range.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain Chemistry/drug effects
- Ligands
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Male
- Norbornanes/chemical synthesis
- Norbornanes/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/chemistry
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/chemistry
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Serotonin Agents/chemical synthesis
- Serotonin Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fiorino
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Doze VA, Handel EM, Jensen KA, Darsie B, Luger EJ, Haselton JR, Talbot JN, Rorabaugh BR. alpha(1A)- and alpha(1B)-adrenergic receptors differentially modulate antidepressant-like behavior in the mouse. Brain Res 2009; 1285:148-57. [PMID: 19540213 PMCID: PMC2720445 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drugs are used for the treatment of chronic depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety-related disorders. Chronic use of TCA drugs increases the expression of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors (alpha(1)-ARs). Yet, it is unclear whether increased alpha(1)-AR expression contributes to the antidepressant effects of these drugs or if this effect is unrelated to their therapeutic benefit. In this study, mice expressing constitutively active mutant alpha(1A)-ARs (CAM alpha(1A)-AR) or CAM alpha(1B)-ARs were used to examine the effects of alpha(1A)- and alpha(1B)-AR signaling on rodent behavioral models of depression, OCD, and anxiety. CAM alpha(1A)-AR mice, but not CAM alpha(1B)-AR mice, exhibited antidepressant-like behavior in the tail suspension test and forced swim test. This behavior was reversed by prazosin, a selective alpha(1)-AR inverse agonist, and mimicked by chronically treating wild type mice with cirazoline, an alpha(1A)-AR agonist. Marble burying behavior, commonly used to model OCD in rodents, was significantly decreased in CAM alpha(1A)-AR mice but not in CAM alpha(1B)-AR mice. In contrast, no significant differences in anxiety-related behavior were observed between wild type, CAM alpha(1A)-AR, and CAM alpha(1B)-AR animals in the elevated plus maze and light/dark box. This is the first study to demonstrate that alpha(1A)- and alpha(1B)-ARs differentially modulate antidepressant-like behavior in the mouse. These data suggest that alpha(1A)-ARs may be a useful therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/physiopathology
- Catecholamines/metabolism
- Depressive Disorder/drug therapy
- Depressive Disorder/metabolism
- Depressive Disorder/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Maze Learning/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Neuropsychological Tests
- Prazosin/pharmacology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Van A Doze
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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Radwanska A, Dlugokecka J, Wasilewski R, Kaliszan R. Testing conception of engagement of imidazoline receptors in imidazoline drugs effects on isolated rat heart atria. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60:131-142. [PMID: 19439815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, attention has been payed to the role of imidazolines in physiology of the heart. However, no systematic comparative studies were reported regarding the activity of a representative set of specific ligands towards imidazoline receptors in the heart preparations. The aim of this project was to test effects of a set of ligands on the pharmacological function of putative imidazoline receptors in isolated rat heart atria. Known imidazoline drugs with a postulated high affinity to imidazoline I(1) receptor: AGN192403, rilmenidine, moxonidine and clonidine were used. The specific ligands of imidazoline I(2) receptor: 2-BFI, BU239 and putative natural ligand for imidazoline I(1), I(2) and I(3) receptors, agmatine, were tested also. The spontaneously beating right and left atria, driven electrically, were studied. Dose-response curves for amplitude and rate of the contractions of the atria were produced by administration of increasing doses of the agents. Phentolamine as alpha(1)/alpha(2) adrenergic receptors blocker and idazoxan as I(2)/I(1)/alpha(2) receptors blocker were added in order to inhibit ino- and chronotropic effects of the compounds studied. The -log EC(50) parameters were calculated. The positive inotropic effect on left atria were evoked with the rank order of potency: agmatine >> clonidine > BU239 > rilmenidine > or = moxonidine and these effects were generally diminished by idazoxan. Moxonidine produced a weak positive inotropic effect potentiated by idazoxan. Rilmenidine and moxonidine were assumed to act as partial agonists of imidazoline I(1) receptor. AGN192403 did not change the amplitude of beating of left atria. The positive chronotropic effects on spontaneously beating right heart atria were with in the following order of potency: BU239 > or = agmatine >>> clonidine > AGN192403. Idazoxan markedly antagonized chronotropic effect of both BU239 and agmatine. 2-BFI weakly diminished the rate of beating of atria; moxonidine and rilmenidine had no effect. In conclusion, imidazoline receptors of the I(1) subtype may be involved in inotropic reaction of the agents studied, but this effect depends mainly on the alpha(2)/alpha(1) adrenergic receptors. Engagement of I(2) imidazoline receptors, along with the alpha(2) adrenergic ones, in chronotropic activity of isolated right atria of rat has been demonstrated.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Heart Atria/drug effects
- Heart Atria/metabolism
- Imidazoles/administration & dosage
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Imidazoline Receptors/drug effects
- Imidazoline Receptors/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Ligands
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A Radwanska
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Phamacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdansk, Poland.
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Sladek CD, Song Z. Regulation of vasopressin release by co-released neurotransmitters: mechanisms of purinergic and adrenergic synergism. Prog Brain Res 2009; 170:93-107. [PMID: 18655875 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)00409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophseal system (HNS) are innervated by numerous afferent pathways carrying information about two physiologically important parameters: blood volume/pressure and osmolality. These pathways use a variety of neurotransmitters/neuropeptides. In order to understand normal and pathological regulation of VP secretion, the mechanisms underlying integration of these complex afferent signals by the AVP neurons must be understood. The importance of neurotransmitter interactions in determining hormone release is highlighted by the finding that simultaneous exposure to adenosine triphosphate (ATP, a neurotransmitter acting on purinergic receptors) and phenylephrine (PE; to mimic norepinephrine activation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors) results in potentiation of AVP release that is characterized by an increase in the peak response and conversion of a transient response to a response that is sustained for hours. Evaluation of the mechanisms responsible for this response indicated that (1) activation of P2X purinergic receptors (P2X-R) is required, (2) protein kinase C (PKC) activation is required, (3) the sustained component requires new gene transcription, (4) the synergism does not involve presynaptic mechanisms nor does it occur directly in the neural lobe and (5) live-cell Ca(++) imaging techniques demonstrated a sustained increase in [Ca(++)](i) and that ATP activates P2Y-Rs as well as P2X-Rs in supraoptic neurons. Since the subtypes of P2X-Rs differ in their rate of desensitization, identification of the subtype of P2X-Rs participating in the initial and sustained responses to ATP+PE may elucidate mechanisms underlying the abrupt and transient responses to orthostatic hypotension versus sustained responses to chronic hypovolemia or vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia D Sladek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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Suleyman H, Halici Z, Cadirci E, Hacimuftuoglu A, Bilen H. Indirect role of beta2-adrenergic receptors in the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of NSAIDS. J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 59:661-672. [PMID: 19212002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated both intact and adrenalectomized rats to determine whether or not the anti-inflammatory effects of indomethacin, diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, nimesulide, tenoxicam and aspirin (IDINTA) are related to adrenal gland hormones in carrageenan-induced inflammation model of rats. Also, we investigated the anti-inflammatory action mechanism of hormones (adrenalin, cortisol) which perform a role in the anti-inflammatory effect of IDINTAon the adrenergic receptors. he results show that IDINTA produces significant anti-inflammatory effects in intact rats (ID(50): 9.82, 10.81, 95.21, 75.23, 8.21 and 61.84 mg/kg), but insignificant effects in adrenalectomized rats (ID(50): 152.97, 188.17, 1275.0, 433.67, 188.16 and 1028.17 mg/kg). In addition, adrenalin and prednisolone caused anti-inflammatory effect rates of 78.3% and 95.7% respectively in adrenalectomized rats. The anti-inflammatory effects of adrenalin and prednisolone did not change when prazosin (alpha(1)-receptor blocker), yohimbine (alpha(2)a2-receptor blocker) and phenoxybenzamine (alpha(2)- and alpha(2)-receptor blocker) were given to rat groups; however, in adrenalectomized rats administered with propranolol (a non-selective blocker of beta(1) and beta(2)-receptors) the anti-inflammatory effect of adrenalin was lost, and that of prednisolone decreased to 36.2%. It was also found that metoprolol (a selective blocker of beta(1)-receptors) did not alter the anti-inflammatory effects of the drugs. As a result, it was shown that anti-inflammatory effects of IDINTA are related to adrenalin and cortisol (corticosterone in rats). It was also determined for the first time that adrenalin (totally) and prednisolone (partially) triggered anti-inflammatory effects via the beta(2)-receptors but not via the alpha(1), alpha(2) and beta(1)-receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Carrageenan
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hydrocortisone/metabolism
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/physiopathology
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Male
- Norepinephrine/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Erzurum, Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Turkey.
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Mills KA, Hausman N, Chess-Williams R. Characterization of the alpha1-adrenoceptor subtype mediating contractions of the pig internal anal sphincter. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:110-7. [PMID: 18516067 PMCID: PMC2527848 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The internal anal sphincter has been shown to contract in response to alpha1-adrenoceptor stimulation and therefore alpha1-adrenoceptor agonists may be useful in treating faecal incontinence. This study characterizes the alpha1-adrenoceptor subtype responsible for mediating contraction of the internal anal sphincter of the pig. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The potency of agonists and the affinities of several receptor subtype selective antagonists were determined on smooth muscle strips for the pig internal anal sphincter. Cumulative concentration-response curves were performed using phenylephrine and noradrenaline. KEY RESULTS The potency of the alpha1A-adrenoceptor selective agonist A61603 (pEC50=7.79+/-0.04) was 158-fold greater than that for noradrenaline (pEC50=5.59+/-0.02). Phenylephrine (pEC50=5.99+/-0.05) was 2.5-fold more potent than noradrenaline. The alpha1D-adrenoceptor selective antagonist BMY7378 caused rightward shifts of the concentration-response curves to phenylephrine and noradrenaline, yielding low affinity estimates of 6.59+/-0.15 and 6.33+/-0.13, respectively. Relatively high affinity estimates were obtained for the alpha1A-adrenoceptor selective antagonists, RS100329 (9.01+/-0.14 and 9.06+/-0.22 with phenylephrine and noradrenaline, respectively) and 5-methylurapidil (8.51+/-0.10 and 8.31+/-0.10, respectively). Prazosin antagonized responses of the sphincter to phenylephrine and noradrenaline, yielding mean affinity estimates of 8.58+/-0.10 and 8.15+/-0.08, respectively. The Schild slope for prazosin with phenylephrine was equal to unity (1.01+/-0.24), however the Schild slope using noradrenaline was significantly less than unity (0.50+/-0.11, P<0.05). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The results suggest that contraction of circular smooth muscle from the pig internal anal sphincter is mediated via a population of adrenoceptors with the pharmacological characteristics of the alpha1A/L-adrenoceptor, most probably the alpha1L-adrenoceptor form of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Mills
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University Gold Coast, Australia
| | - N Hausman
- Department of Medicine, Manchester University Manchester, UK
| | - R Chess-Williams
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University Gold Coast, Australia
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Nourian Z, Mow T, Muftic D, Burek S, Pedersen ML, Matz J, Mulvany MJ. Orthostatic hypotensive effect of antipsychotic drugs in Wistar rats by in vivo and in vitro studies of alpha1-adrenoceptor function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008; 199:15-27. [PMID: 18542932 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-1064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Many antipsychotics cause orthostatic hypotension possibly due to antagonist action on resistance vessel alpha1A-adrenoceptors (alpha1A-AR). OBJECTIVE We have tested this possibility by determining in Wistar rats how the orthostatic hypotensive effect of several antipsychotic drugs compares with their affinity for adrenoceptors in mesenteric small arteries (MSA with mainly alpha1A-AR) and aorta (mainly alpha1D-AR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a tilt setup, orthostatic hypotension was measured in anaesthetized rats for prazosin and the antipsychotics haloperidol, sertindole, risperidone, clozapine, ziprasidone, domperidone, olanzapine, and aripiprazole. For in vitro studies, segments of MSA and aorta were mounted on a wire myograph for isometric tension recording. Cumulative concentration-response curves were constructed to phenylephrine (PE) in the absence and presence of the drugs. Apparent affinity (pA2) was calculated by Schild analysis. RESULTS Prazosin antagonized tilt-induced and PE responses in both studies (threshold 4 ng/ml, pA2 9.52 MSA, 10.1 aorta). The rank order of the potency of the antipsychotics in the tilt experiments correlated (r2 = 0.69, P = 0.01) with the pA2-values in MSA: Risperidone and sertindole had the highest potency in the tilt test (threshold 159 and 97 ng/ml) and the highest apparent affinity in MSA (pA2 8.92 and 8.78), in contrast with aripiprazole and domperidone, which had the lowest in each case (threshold 4.1 and 3.0 microg/ml, pA2 7.17 and 6.99). In aorta, the pA2 values did not correlate with the in vivo potencies; in particular, sertindole had no functional affinity in aorta. CONCLUSION We conclude that the orthostatic hypotensive effect in rats of the antipsychotic drugs investigated is mediated through alpha1A-ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Nourian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, University Park 1240, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Ude C, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. [The medicinal chemistry of alpha 1 blockers]. Pharm Unserer Zeit 2008; 37:284-288. [PMID: 18618627 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.200700270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ude
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Hye Khan MA, Abdul Sattar M, Abdullah NA, Johns EJ. Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity causes altered renal hemodynamics in Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats: Role of augmented renal alpha-adrenergic responsiveness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 59:253-60. [PMID: 17764917 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced renal failure is related to reduced renal blood flow due to severe tubular damage and enhanced renovascular resistance. It is also known that alpha(1)-adrenoceptors, the major subtype of alpha-adrenoceptors in renal vasculature play the pivotal role in regulating renal hemodynamics. With this background, we have hypothesized that the altered renal hemodynamics and enhanced renovascular resistance in cisplatin-induced renal failure might be caused by the altered alpha-adrenergic responsiveness with a possible involvement of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in the renal vasculature. In a unique experimental approach with anesthetized rats, this study has therefore examined if there is any shift in the renovascular responsiveness to renal nerve stimulation and a series of alpha-adrenergic agonists in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats with cisplatin-induced renal failure in comparison with their body weight-matched normal controls. Thirty-two male rats of both WKY (n=16) and SHR (n=16) origin with body weight 236+/-7.9 g received cisplatin (5mg/kg i.p.). The renal failure was confirmed in terms of significantly reduced renal blood flow, reduced creatinine clearance, increased fractional excretion of sodium, increased kidney index (all P<0.05) and tubular damage. After 7 days of cisplatin, the overnight fasted rats were anesthetized (sodium pentobarbitone, 60 mg/kg i.p.) and renal vasoconstrictor experiments were done. The changes in the vasoconstrictor responses were determined in terms of reductions in renal blood flow caused by electrical renal nerve stimulation or intrarenal administration of noradrenaline, phenylephrine and methoxamine. It was observed that in the cisplatin-treated renal failure WKY and SHR rats there were significant (all P<0.05) reductions in the renal blood flow along with significantly (P<0.05) higher renal adrenergic responsiveness as compared with their non-renal failure controls. The data showed that in the renal failure WKY and SHR rats, the altered renal hemodynamics might be caused by an augmented renal adrenergic responsiveness. The results obtained further led us to suggest that the augmented renal adrenergic responsiveness in the cisplatin-induced renal failure rats were possibly mediated by the alpha(1)-adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Hye Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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Belujon P, Bezard E, Taupignon A, Bioulac B, Benazzouz A. Noradrenergic modulation of subthalamic nucleus activity: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence in intact and 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. J Neurosci 2007; 27:9595-606. [PMID: 17804620 PMCID: PMC6672980 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2583-07.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. The modulation of the STN by norepinephrine, however, is unknown. The present study aims at characterizing the effects of systemic administration of noradrenergic agents on locomotor activity and on in vivo extracellularly recorded STN neuronal activity in intact and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. Using selective agonists and antagonists of alpha1 and alpha2 adrenergic receptors (ARs), we show that STN neurons have functional alpha1- and alpha2-AR controlling STN firing with an impact on locomotor activity. We further demonstrate that those systemic effects are supported, at least in part, by a direct modulation of STN neuronal activity, using patch-clamp recordings of STN neurons in brain slices. These findings support the premise that hypokinesia is associated with an increased STN neuronal activity, and that improvements of parkinsonian motor abnormalities are associated with a decrease in STN activity. Our data challenge assumptions about the role of alpha1-AR and alpha2-AR in the regulation of STN neurons in both intact and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats and further ground the rationale for using alpha2-AR noradrenergic antagonists in Parkinson's disease, albeit via an unexpected mechanism.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Electrophysiology
- Hypokinesia/chemically induced
- Hypokinesia/physiopathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/drug effects
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Norepinephrine/metabolism
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Oxidopamine
- Parkinsonian Disorders/chemically induced
- Parkinsonian Disorders/physiopathology
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
- Subthalamic Nucleus/drug effects
- Subthalamic Nucleus/metabolism
- Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Belujon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5227, Université Victor Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5227, Université Victor Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Anne Taupignon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5227, Université Victor Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Bioulac
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5227, Université Victor Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Abdelhamid Benazzouz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5227, Université Victor Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Kopp UC, Cicha MZ, Smith LA, Mulder J, Hökfelt T. Renal sympathetic nerve activity modulates afferent renal nerve activity by PGE2-dependent activation of α1- and α2-adrenoceptors on renal sensory nerve fibers. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R1561-72. [PMID: 17699565 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00485.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (ERSNA) increases afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA). To test whether the ERSNA-induced increases in ARNA involved norepinephrine activating α-adrenoceptors on the renal sensory nerves, we examined the effects of renal pelvic administration of the α1- and α2-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin and rauwolscine on the ARNA responses to reflex increases in ERSNA (placing the rat's tail in 49°C water) and renal pelvic perfusion with norepinephrine in anesthetized rats. Hot tail increased ERSNA and ARNA, 6,930 ± 900 and 4,870 ± 670%·s (area under the curve ARNA vs. time). Renal pelvic perfusion with norepinephrine increased ARNA 1,870 ± 210%·s. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the sympathetic and sensory nerves were closely related in the pelvic wall. Renal pelvic perfusion with prazosin blocked and rauwolscine enhanced the ARNA responses to reflex increases in ERSNA and norepinephrine. Studies in a denervated renal pelvic wall preparation showed that norepinephrine increased substance P release, from 8 ± 1 to 16 ± 1 pg/min, and PGE2 release, from 77 ± 11 to 161 ± 23 pg/min, suggesting a role for PGE2 in the norepinephrine-induced activation of renal sensory nerves. Prazosin and indomethacin reduced and rauwolscine enhanced the norepinephrine-induced increases in substance P and PGE2. PGE2 enhanced the norepinephrine-induced activation of renal sensory nerves by stimulation of EP4 receptors. Interaction between ERSNA and ARNA is modulated by norepinephrine, which increases and decreases the activation of the renal sensory nerves by stimulating α1- and α2-adrenoceptors, respectively, on the renal pelvic sensory nerve fibers. Norepinephrine-induced activation of the sensory nerves is dependent on renal pelvic synthesis/release of PGE2.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic Fibers/physiology
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists
- Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists
- Animals
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Indomethacin/pharmacology
- Kidney/innervation
- Male
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/physiology
- Neurons, Efferent/physiology
- Norepinephrine/metabolism
- Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Substance P/metabolism
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- Triazoles/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla C Kopp
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, Bldg. 41, Rm 124, Highway 6W, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
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Abstract
Catecholamines have been shown to be involved in vascular remodeling through the stimulation of α1-adrenoceptors (α1-ARs). Recently, it has been demonstrated that catecholamines can stimulate angiogenesis in pathological conditions, even if the mechanisms and the AR subtypes involved still remain unclear. We investigated the influence of hypoxia (3% O2) on the ability of picomolar concentrations of phenylephrine (PHE), which are unable to induce any vascular contraction, to induce a trophic effect in human endothelial cells through stimulation of the α1D-subtype ARs. PHE, at picomolar concentrations, significantly promoted pseudocapillary formation from fragments of human mature vessels in vitro. Exposure to hypoxia significantly potentiated this effect, which was inhibited by the selective α1D-AR antagonist BMY-7378 and by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NAME, suggesting that α1D-ARs were involved in this effect through activation of the nitric oxide pathway. Proliferation and migration of HUVEC were also affected by picomolar PHE concentrations. Again, these effects were significantly potentiated in cells exposed to hypoxia and were inhibited by BMY-7378 and by NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Conversely, the α1A-AR-selective antagonist ( S)-(+)-niguldipine hydrochloride and the α1B-AR antagonist chloroethylclonidine dihydrochloride did not modify endothelial cell migration and proliferation in response to PHE. These results demonstrate that the stimulation of α1D-ARs, triggered by picomolar PHE concentrations devoid of any contractile vascular effects, induces a proangiogenic phenotype in human endothelial cells that is enhanced in a hypoxic environment. The role of α1D-ARs may become more prominent in the adaptive responses to hypoxic vasculature injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Vinci
- Laboratory of Vascular Pharmacology, Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Angeloni C, Maraldi T, Ghelli A, Rugolo M, Leoncini E, Hakim G, Hrelia S. Green tea modulates alpha(1)-adrenergic stimulated glucose transport in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:7553-8. [PMID: 17676868 DOI: 10.1021/jf071188+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
alpha1-Adrenergic stimulation triggers glucose transport in the heart through the translocation of glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 and GLUT4 to plasma membranes, mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Evidence is emerging that dietary polyphenolic compounds may act not only as antioxidants but also by modulating PKC-mediated signaling. This study evaluated the ability of a green tea extract (GTE) to modulate alpha1-adrenoceptor-mediated glucose transport in rat cardiomyocytes. GTE supplementation decreased phenylephrine (PhE)-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 recruitment. PhE stimulation activated PKC alpha, beta, delta, and epsilon, while GTE supplementation decreased the translocation of beta and delta isoforms, but not alpha and epsilon, supporting the notion that GTE directly affects PKC activation and is a beta and delta isoform-selective PKC inhibitor. Due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) involvement in pathological heart alterations, the observation that GTE is able to both inhibit effects originated by some PKC isoforms and counteract ROS deleterious effects could be important in the prevention/counteraction of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Angeloni
- Department of Biochemistry G.Moruzzi, Via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Villégier AS, Lotfipour S, Belluzzi JD, Leslie FM. Involvement of alpha1-adrenergic receptors in tranylcypromine enhancement of nicotine self-administration in rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 193:457-65. [PMID: 17486319 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The mechanisms mediating tobacco addiction remain elusive. Nicotine, the psychoactive component in tobacco, is generally believed to be the main cause of reward and addiction. However, tobacco smoke contains thousands of constituents, some of which may interact with nicotine to enhance reward. It has previously been shown that monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition, known to result from smoking, can enhance nicotine self-administration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of noradrenergic systems in mediating this enhancement of nicotine reward. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that MAO inhibitor pretreatment enhances nicotine self-administration by activation of noradrenergic pathways that regulate dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). METHODS The effect of prazosin (0.0625-0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), a specific alpha1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, was examined on male rats pretreated with tranylcypromine (3 mg/kg), an irreversible inhibitor of MAO A and B. Acquisition of nicotine (10 mug kg(-1) inj(-1), i.v.) self-administration behavior was examined over a 5-day period. Nicotine (60 mug kg(-1) inj(-1), i.v.)-induced increase in NAc extracellular dopamine levels was examined by in vivo microdialysis in non-self-administering animals. RESULTS We have shown that (1) tranylcypromine enhances nicotine self-administration, (2) prazosin pretreatment blocks both the acquisition and the expression of nicotine self-administration, and (3) prazosin pretreatment diminishes nicotine-induced dopamine release in the NAc. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the stimulation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors is critical for tranylcypromine enhancement of nicotine reward and suggest a critical interplay between the noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems in tobacco addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Villégier
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Room 360, MS2, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Abstract
End stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with altered hemodynamic regulation as a result of the pathophysiology or treatment of renal failure. Hypertension, common among dialysis patients, is a recognized complication of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) therapy. We determined vascular adrenergic and nitric-oxide-mediated responsiveness in 7 patients with established ESRD on rHuEPO treatment and in 13 healthy volunteers using the dorsal hand vein technique. Sensitivity to the alpha1-adrenergic selective agonist phenylephrine was significantly increased in patients with ESRD on rHuEPO. The mean dose of phenylephrine producing 50% venoconstriction (ED50) was 38 +/- 1.6 ng/min in patients with ESRD and 135 +/- 1.3 ng/min in healthy volunteers-almost a 4-fold increase in dose, P = 0.01. In contrast, maximal venodilation mediated by bradykinin, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, was not different in the 2 groups. To determine whether rHuEPO has a direct vasoconstrictor effect, we studied venous responsiveness to local infusions of rHuEPO in healthy volunteers. Increasing concentrations of rHuEPO produced no vasoconstriction in hand veins of healthy volunteers. These results suggest that vascular responsiveness to alpha-adrenergic stimulation in patients with ESRD on rHuEPO is increased whereas bradykinin-mediated venodilation remains intact. This increase in vascular alpha-adrenergic responsiveness may contribute to the increased peripheral vascular resistance and hypertension seen in patients with ESRD on rHuEPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola K Abiose
- Division of Cardiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; 2Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Asher WB, Hoskins SN, Slasor LA, Morris DH, Cook EM, Bautista DL. Two model system of the alpha1A-adrenoceptor docked with selected ligands. J Chem Inf Model 2007; 47:1906-12. [PMID: 17715910 DOI: 10.1021/ci700026v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have developed a two model system to mimic the active and inactive states of a G-protein coupled receptor specifically the alpha1A adrenergic receptor. We have docked two agonists, epinephrine (phenylamine type) and oxymetazoline (imidazoline type), as well as two antagonists, prazosin and 5-methylurapidil, into two alpha1A receptor models, active and inactive. The best docking complexes for both agonists had hydrophilic interactions with D106, while neither antagonist did. Prazosin and oxymetazoline had hydrophobic interactions with F308 and F312. We predict from our study that the active state is stabilized by the interaction of F193 with I114, L197, V278, F281, and V282. The active state is further stabilized by the interaction of F312 with L75, V79, and L80. We also predict that the inactive state of the receptor is stabilized by the interaction of F312 with W102, F288, and M292.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley B Asher
- Chemistry Department, Eastern Kentucky University, 521 Lancaster Avenue, Richmond, Kentucky 40475, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The most common preclinical models of neuropathic pain involve surgical ligation of sensory nerves, which is especially difficult in mice. Transient models of chemically sensitized allodynia are potentially useful for rapidly characterizing the analgesic profile of compounds and conducting mechanistic studies. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Increasing doses of NMDA, sulprostone (an EP1/EP3 prostaglandin receptor agonist) or phenylephrine (an alpha (1) adrenoceptor agonist) were injected intrathecally (i.t.) or i.p., and animals were subsequently assessed for allodynia. The effects of receptor antagonists and analgesic compounds on allodynia were also assessed. KEY RESULTS A comparison of total body doses that cause allodynia following spinal or systemic administration indicated that NMDA induces allodynia in the spinal cord while sulprostone and phenylephrine act through a peripheral mechanism. Inhibition of the allodynia with receptor antagonists indicated that each agent induces allodynia by a distinct mechanism. The three models were benchmarked using compounds known to be active in neuropathic pain patients and nerve injury animal models, including gabapentin, amitriptyline and clonidine. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These transient allodynia models are a useful addition to the toolbox of preclinical pain models. They are simple, rapid and reproducible, and will be especially useful for characterizing the pain phenotype of knockout mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Amines/pharmacology
- Amitriptyline/pharmacology
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Analgesics/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Clonidine/pharmacology
- Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/administration & dosage
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
- Gabapentin
- Hyperalgesia/chemically induced
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/prevention & control
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Spinal
- Male
- Memantine/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Morphine/pharmacology
- N-Methylaspartate/administration & dosage
- Pain/chemically induced
- Pain/metabolism
- Pain/prevention & control
- Peripheral Nervous System/drug effects
- Peripheral Nervous System/metabolism
- Phenylephrine/administration & dosage
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Prostaglandin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/drug effects
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Reproducibility of Results
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Nerves/surgery
- Time Factors
- gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Gil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA.
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Nishiura T, Abe K. α1-Adrenergic receptor stimulation induces the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand gene via protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:778-85. [PMID: 17306214 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2006] [Revised: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) produced by bone marrow stromal/osteoblast cells is a crucial regulator of osteoclastgenesis and bone resorption. Osteoblastic cells have been demonstrated to express alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor stimulation induces the expression of RANKL gene via protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways in osteoblastic cells. DESIGN The steady-state mRNA levels of RANKL and activation of ERK in mouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS In three alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor subtype mRNAs, alpha(1b)- and alpha(1d)-subtypes were expressed in MC3T3-E1 cells. The mRNA levels of RANKL were increased by phenylephrine (alpha(1)-agonist) in time- and dose-dependent manners. Prazosin (alpha(1)-antagonist) suppressed the phenylephrine-induced RANKL mRNA expression, but yohimbine (alpha(2)-antagonist) and propranolol (beta-antagonist) did not. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, PKC activator) increased RANKL mRNA expression and GF109203X (PKC inhibitor) suppressed the phenylephrine-induced RANKL mRNA expression. Both phenylephrine and PMA stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK, while both prazosin and GF109203X inhibited phenylephrine-induced ERK activation. Pretreatment with PD98059 (ERK kinase inhibitor) inhibited both the phosphorylation of ERK and the expression of RANKL gene induced by phenylephrine in MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSION These results show that alpha(1b)- and alpha(1d)-adrenergic receptor subtype genes are expressed and the expression of RANKL mRNA may be regulated by alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor stimulation in osteoblastic cells. The induction of RANKL mRNA by activating the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor is probably mediated via PKC and ERK signalling pathways in osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Nishiura
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Functional Bioscience, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
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