1
|
Wang M, Liu Y, Guo B, Zhang F, Chou F, Ma M, Huang L, Luo Z, Chen B, Chen X. Isotope-Coding Derivatization for Quantitative Profiling of Reactive α-Dicarbonyl Species in Processed Botanicals by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10379-10393. [PMID: 34436879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
α-Dicarbonyls (α-DCs) are key reactive Maillard intermediates with structural diversity and are widely found in foods and in vivo, but little is known regarding the complete molecular profiles of these potentially harmful electrophiles. Herein, we reported a novel isotope-coding derivatization (ICD) strategy for the broad-spectrum, quantitative profiling of (non)target α-DC species in natural foodstuffs. It utilized differential isotope labeling (DIOL) with a reagent pair o-phenylenediamine (OPD)/OPD-d4 (deuterated) to form stable quinoxalines for class-specific fragmentation-dependent acquisition using liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-QqLIT). A combination of facile one-pot quantitative labeling and convenient cleanup protocol afforded satisfactory sensitivity, linearity, accuracy (81-116%), and process recovery (86-109% with RSDs < 10%) by matrix-matched ICD-internal standard calibration, without significant matrix interference (-9 to 5%), isotopic effect (<0.5%), and cocktail effect. A more generic DIOL-based LC-QqLIT algorithm integrated double precursor ion and neutral loss scan to trigger enhanced product ions with the unique isobaric doublet tags (4 Da shift), enabling simultaneous screening and relative quantitation of nontarget α-DC analogues in a single analysis. This study has widened the vision on complex α-DC profiles in traditional botanicals, which revealed a wide occurrence of α-DCs in such processed sugar-rich products, yet their abundance varied greatly among different samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- China Certification & Inspection Group Hunan Co., Ltd., Changsha 410021, China
| | - Yaxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Changsha Environmental Protection College, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Fang Chou
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Libin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ziwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Birkemeyer C, Lemesheva V, Billig S, Tarakhovskaya E. Composition of Intracellular and Cell Wall-Bound Phlorotannin Fractions in Fucoid Algae Indicates Specific Functions of These Metabolites Dependent on the Chemical Structure. Metabolites 2020; 10:E369. [PMID: 32933101 PMCID: PMC7570113 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of biologically active metabolites is a specific feature of plant biochemistry, directing the use of plants in numerous applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Among these substances, the plethora of phenolic compounds has attracted particular interest among researchers. Here, we report on new findings in phlorotannin research, a large group of multifunctional phenolic substances, produced in brown algae. Comprehensive LC-MS profiling of three algal species allowed us to depict the complex pattern of this structurally diverse compound group across different tissues and subcellular compartments. We compiled more than 30 different phlorotannin series in one sample and used accurate mass spectrometry to assign tentative structures to the observed ions based on the confirmed sum formulas. From that, we found that acetylation, hydroxylation, and oxidation are likely to be the most common in vivo modifications to phlorotannins. Using an alternative data mining strategy to cope with extensive coelution and structural isomers, we quantitatively compared the intensity of different phlorotannin series in species, tissues, and subcellular compartments to learn more about their physiological functions. The structure and intra-thallus profiles of cell wall-bound phlorotannins were studied here for the first time. We suggest that one of the major dibenzodioxin-type phlorotannin series may exclusively target integration into the cell wall of fucoid algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Birkemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Valeriya Lemesheva
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Susan Billig
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Elena Tarakhovskaya
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Scientific Information, Russian Academy of Sciences Library, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kiontke A, Billig S, Birkemeyer C. Response in Ambient Low Temperature Plasma Ionization Compared to Electrospray and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization for Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2018; 2018:5647536. [PMID: 30723503 PMCID: PMC6339754 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5647536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern technical evolution made mass spectrometry (MS) an absolute must for analytical chemistry in terms of application range, detection limits and speed. When it comes to mass spectrometric detection, one of the critical steps is to ionize the analyte and bring it into the gas phase. Several ionization techniques were developed for this purpose among which electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) are two of the most frequently applied atmospheric pressure methods to ionize target compounds from liquid matrices or solutions. Moreover, recent efforts in the emerging field of "ambient" MS enable the applicability of newly developed atmospheric pressure techniques to solid matrices, greatly simplifying the analysis of samples with MS and anticipating, to ease the required or even leave out any sample preparation and enable analysis at ambient conditions, outside the instrument itself. These developments greatly extend the range of applications of modern mass spectrometry (MS). Ambient methods comprise many techniques; a particular prominent group is, however, the plasma-based methods. Although ambient MS is a rather new field of research, the interest in further developing the corresponding techniques and enhancing their performance is very strong due to their simplicity and often low cost of manufacturing. A precondition for improving the performance of such ion sources is a profound understanding how ionization works and which parameters determine signal response. Therefore, we review relevant compound characteristics for ionization with the two traditional methods ESI and APCI and compare those with one of the most frequently employed representatives of the plasma-based methods, i.e., low temperature plasma ionization. We present a detailed analysis in which compound characteristics are most beneficial for the response of aromatic nitrogen-containing compounds with these three methods and provide evidence that desorption characteristics appear to have the main common, general impact on signal response. In conclusion, our report provides a very useful resource to the optimization of instrumental conditions with respect to most important requirements of the three ionization techniques and, at the same time, for future developments in the field of ambient ionization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kiontke
- Research Group of Mass Spectrometry at the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susan Billig
- Research Group of Mass Spectrometry at the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Research Group of Mass Spectrometry at the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Derivatization of Methylglyoxal for LC-ESI-MS Analysis-Stability and Relative Sensitivity of Different Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112994. [PMID: 30453519 PMCID: PMC6278547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The great research interest in the quantification of reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs), such as methylglyoxal (MGO) in biological and environmental samples, is reflected by the fact that several publications have described specific strategies to perform this task. Thus, many reagents have also been reported for the derivatization of RCCs to effectively detect and quantify the resulting compounds using sensitive techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). However, the choice of the derivatization protocol is not always clear, and a comparative evaluation is not feasible because detection limits from separate reports and determined with different instruments are hardly comparable. Consequently, for a systematic comparison, we tested 21 agents in one experimental setup for derivatization of RCCs prior to LC-MS analysis. This consisted of seven commonly employed reagents and 14 similar reagents, three of which were designed and synthesized by us. All reagents were probed for analytical responsiveness of the derivatives and stability of the reaction mixtures. The results showed that derivatives of 4-methoxyphenylenediamine and 3-methoxyphenylhydrazine—reported here for the first time for derivatization of RCCs—provided a particularly high responsiveness with ESI-MS detection. We applied the protocol to investigate MGO contamination of laboratory water and show successful quantification in a lipoxidation experiment. In summary, our results provide valuable information for scientists in establishing accurate analysis of RCCs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kiontke A, Holzer F, Belder D, Birkemeyer C. The requirements for low-temperature plasma ionization support miniaturization of the ion source. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3715-3722. [PMID: 29651530 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AI-MS), the ionization of samples under ambient conditions, enables fast and simple analysis of samples without or with little sample preparation. Due to their simple construction and low resource consumption, plasma-based ionization methods in particular are considered ideal for use in mobile analytical devices. However, systematic investigations that have attempted to identify the optimal configuration of a plasma source to achieve the sensitive detection of target molecules are still rare. We therefore used a low-temperature plasma ionization (LTPI) source based on dielectric barrier discharge with helium employed as the process gas to identify the factors that most strongly influence the signal intensity in the mass spectrometry of species formed by plasma ionization. In this study, we investigated several construction-related parameters of the plasma source and found that a low wall thickness of the dielectric, a small outlet spacing, and a short distance between the plasma source and the MS inlet are needed to achieve optimal signal intensity with a process-gas flow rate of as little as 10 mL/min. In conclusion, this type of ion source is especially well suited for downscaling, which is usually required in mobile devices. Our results provide valuable insights into the LTPI mechanism; they reveal the potential to further improve its implementation and standardization for mobile mass spectrometry as well as our understanding of the requirements and selectivity of this technique. Graphical abstract Optimized parameters of a dielectric barrier discharge plasma for ionization in mass spectrometry. The electrode size, shape, and arrangement, the thickness of the dielectric, and distances between the plasma source, sample, and MS inlet are marked in red. The process gas (helium) flow is shown in black.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kiontke
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Frank Holzer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoser Str. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iftikhar I, El-Nour KMA, Brajter-Toth A. Detection of transient dopamine antioxidant radicals using electrochemistry in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
7
|
Kiontke A, Oliveira-Birkmeier A, Opitz A, Birkemeyer C. Electrospray Ionization Efficiency Is Dependent on Different Molecular Descriptors with Respect to Solvent pH and Instrumental Configuration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167502. [PMID: 27907110 PMCID: PMC5132301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, electrospray ionization for mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has become one of the most commonly employed techniques in analytical chemistry, mainly due to its broad applicability to polar and semipolar compounds and the superior selectivity which is achieved in combination with high resolution separation techniques. However, responsiveness of an analytical method also determines its suitability for the quantitation of chemical compounds; and in electrospray ionization for mass spectrometry, it can vary significantly among different analytes with identical solution concentrations. Therefore, we investigated the ESI-response behavior of 56 nitrogen-containing compounds including aromatic amines and pyridines, two compound classes of high importance to both, synthetic organic chemistry as well as to pharmaceutical sciences. These compounds are increasingly analyzed employing ESI mass spectrometry detection due to their polar, basic character. Signal intensities of the peaks from the protonated molecular ion (MH+) were acquired under different conditions and related to compound properties such as basicity, polarity, volatility and molecular size exploring their quantitative impact on ionization efficiency. As a result, we found that though solution basicity of a compound is the main factor initially determining the ESI response of the protonated molecular ion, other factors such as polarity and vaporability become more important under acidic solvent conditions and may nearly outweigh the importance of basicity under these conditions. Moreover, we show that different molecular descriptors may become important when using different types of instruments for such investigations, a fact not detailed so far in the available literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kiontke
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr., Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Opitz
- Institute of Linguistics, University of Leipzig, Beethovenstr., Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr., Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pozniak BP, Cole RB. Perspective on electrospray ionization and its relation to electrochemistry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:369-385. [PMID: 25623197 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of electrospraying of liquids is presented from the perspective of the electrochemistry involved. Basics of current and liquid flow in the capillary and spray tip are discussed, followed by specifics of charging and discharging of the sprayed liquid surface. Fundamental theories and numerical modeling relating electrospray current to solution and spray parameters are described and then compared with our own experimentally obtained data. The method of mapping potentials and currents inside the electrospray capillary by using an inserted electrically-isolated small wire probe electrode is discussed in detail with illustrations from new and published data. Based on these experimentally obtained results, a new mathematical model is derived. The introduced "nonlinear resistor electrospray capillary model" divides the electrospray capillary into small sections, adds their contributions, and then, by transition to infinitely small section thickness, produces analytical formulas that relate current and potential maps to other properties of the electrospraying liquid: primarily conductivity and current density. The presentation of the model is undertaken from an elementary standpoint, and it offers the possibility to obtain quantitative information regarding operating parameters from typical analytical systems subjected to electrospray. The model stresses simplicity and ease of use; examples applying experimental data are shown and some predictions of the model are also presented. The developed nonlinear resistor electrospray capillary model is intended to provide a new quantitative basis for improving the understanding of electrochemical transformations occurring in the electrospray emitter. A supplemental material section gives full derivation of the model and discusses other consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boguslaw P Pozniak
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr., New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hongo Y, Nakamura T, Takahashi S, Motoyama T, Hayashi T, Hirota H, Osada H, Koshino H. Detection of oxygen addition peaks for terpendole E and related indole-diterpene alkaloids in a positive-mode ESI-MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:537-542. [PMID: 24913406 PMCID: PMC4207197 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This report describes that a regular positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of terpendoles often causes unexpected oxygen additions to form [M + H + O](+) and [M + H + 2O](+), which might be a troublesome in the characterization of new natural analogues. The intensities of [M + H + O](+) and [M + H + 2O](+) among terpendoles were unpredictable and fluctuated largely. Simple electrochemical oxidation in electrospray ionization was insufficient to explain the phenomenon. So we studied factors to form [M + H + O](+) and [M + H + 2O](+) using terpendole E and natural terpendoles together with some model indole alkaloids. Similar oxygen addition was observed for 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocyclopent[b]indole, which is corresponding to the substructure of terpendole E. In tandem MS experiments, a major fragment ion at m/z 130 from protonated terpendole E was assigned to the substructure containing indole. When the [M + H + O](+) was selected as a precursor ion, the ion shifted to m/z 146. The same 16 Da shift of fragments was also observed for 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocyclopent[b]indole, indicating that the oxygen addition of terpendole E took place at the indole portion. However, the oxygen addition was absent for some terpendoles, even whose structure resembles terpendole E. The breakdown curves characterized the tandem MS features of terpendoles. Preferential dissociation into m/z 130 suggested the protonation tendency at the indole site. Terpendoles that are preferentially protonated at indole tend to form oxygen addition peaks, suggesting that the protonation feature contributes to the oxygen additions in some degrees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Antibiotics Laboratory, RIKENWako, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKENWako, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koshino
- Global Research Cluster, RIKENWako, Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKENWako, Japan
| |
Collapse
|