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Amini AP, Brookes TS, Shah H, Bhate K, Alnajjar H, Muneer A, Kravvas G, Bunker CB. The association between penile cancer and HIV infection: A literature review. Int J STD AIDS 2023; 34:214-228. [PMID: 36630307 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221148622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Penile cancer is a rare malignancy which HIV infection appears to increase the risk of. The magnitude of this risk and the pathogenesis remain unclear. A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken using conventional search strategies. Twenty-four publications were identified by this methodology, of which nine were case reports and 15 were observational studies. These studies were highly heterogeneous, with varying study designs, populations, and objectives. The risk of penile cancer within HIV-positive individuals is significantly greater than in those without HIV (RR = 3 .7 to 5.8, 3 studies; SIR = 3.8 to 11.1, 4 studies). HIV is also shown to influence disease characteristics, with a four-fold increased risk of death from penile cancer. Moreover, progression from intraepithelial neoplasia occurs earlier in HIV, six years sooner than in HIV-negative men. HIV-positive men have a higher prevalence of HPV infection. Ethnicity is also shown to modulate the relationship between HIV and penile carcinoma, with a higher risk of cancer in Hispanic, compared with Caucasian, HIV-positive men. This review has collated data from diverse sources to improve understanding of the relationship between HIV and penile cancer. This relationship has been quantitatively and qualitatively characterised and highlights areas deserving further enquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir P Amini
- 9687University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | | | - Hussain Shah
- 9687University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Ketaki Bhate
- 204288London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
| | - Hussain Alnajjar
- 8964University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH), London, UK
| | - Asif Muneer
- 8964University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH), London, UK
| | - Georgios Kravvas
- 8964University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH), London, UK
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Rosser BRS, Hunt SL, Capistrant BD, Kohli N, Konety BR, Mitteldorf D, Ross MW, Talley KM, West W. Understanding Prostate Cancer in Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women: A Review of the Literature. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019; 11:430-441. [PMID: 31929765 PMCID: PMC6953377 DOI: 10.1007/s11930-019-00234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW a)Prostate cancer in sexual and gender minorities is an emerging medical and public health concern. The purpose of this review is to summarize the state of the science on prostate cancer in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) and transgender women (TGW). We undertook a literature review of all publications on this topic through February 2017. With 88 unique papers (83) on prostate cancer in GBM and 5 case reports of prostate cancer in TGW), a small but robust literature has emerged. RECENT FINDINGS b)The first half of this review critiques the literature to date, identifying gaps in approaches to study. The second half summarizes the key findings in eleven areas. In light of this admittedly limited literature, GBM appear to be screened for prostate cancer less than other men, but they are diagnosed with prostate cancer at about the same rate. SUMMARY c)Compared to other men, GBM have poorer urinary, bowel, and overall quality-of-life outcomes but better sexual outcomes after treatment; all these findings need more research. Prostate cancer in TGW remains rare and under researched, as the literature is limited to single-case clinical reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. R. Simon Rosser
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of
Public Health, University of Minnesota
| | - Shanda L. Hunt
- Education and Research Services, University of
Minnesota
| | | | - Nidhi Kohli
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Michael W. Ross
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health,
Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - William West
- Department of Writing Studies, University of
Minnesota
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Simon Rosser B, Merengwa E, Capistrant BD, Iantaffi A, Kilian G, Kohli N, Konety BR, Mitteldorf D, West W. Prostate Cancer in Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Review. LGBT Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2015.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B.R. Simon Rosser
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Enyinnaya Merengwa
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Benjamin D. Capistrant
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alex Iantaffi
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gunna Kilian
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nidhi Kohli
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | - William West
- Department of Writing Studies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Chawki S, Ploussard G, Montlahuc C, Verine J, Mongiat-Artus P, Desgrandchamps F, Molina JM. Bladder Cancer in HIV-infected Adults: An Emerging Issue? Case-Reports and Systematic Review. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144237. [PMID: 26642314 PMCID: PMC4671620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Non-AIDS-related malignancies now represent a frequent cause of death among HIV-infected patients. Albeit bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, it has been rarely reported among HIV-infected patients. We wished to assess the prevalence and characteristics of bladder cancer in HIV-infected patients. Methods We conducted a single center retrospective study from 1998 to 2013 in a university hospital in Paris. Cases of bladder cancer among HIV-infected patients were identified using the electronic records of the hospital database and of the HIV-infected cohort. Patient characteristics and outcomes were retrieved from patients charts. A systematic review of published cases of bladder cancers in patients with HIV-infection was also performed. Results During the study period we identified 15 HIV-infected patients (0.2% of the cohort) with a bladder cancer. Patients were mostly men (73%) and smokers (67%), with a median age of 56 years at cancer diagnosis. Bladder cancer was diagnosed a median of 14 years after HIV-infection. Most patients were on ART (86%) with median current and nadir CD4 cell counts of 506 and 195 cells/mm3, respectively. Haematuria (73%) was the most frequent presenting symptom and HPV-associated lesions were seen in 6/10 (60%) patients. Histopathology showed transitional cell carcinoma in 80% and a high proportion of tumors with muscle invasion (47%) and high histologic grade (73%). One-year survival rate was 74.6%. The systematic review identified 13 additional cases of urothelial bladder cancers which shared similar features. Conclusions Bladder cancers in HIV-infected patients remain rare but may occur in relatively young patients with a low nadir CD4 cell count, have aggressive pathological features and can be fatal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Chawki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Diderot, Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Ploussard
- Department of Urology, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Diderot, Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claire Montlahuc
- Department of Biostatistic and Medical Information, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Diderot, Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérome Verine
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Diderot, Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mongiat-Artus
- Department of Urology, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Diderot, Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - François Desgrandchamps
- Department of Urology, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Diderot, Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Diderot, Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Thyroid abnormalities and nonthyroidal illness complicate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Among the effects that result from HIV and other opportunistic infections, distinctive features of HIV infection include early lowering of reverse tri-iodothyromine (T3) levels, with normal free T3 levels. Later, some patients develop an isolated low free thyroxine level. After highly active antiretroviral therapy, the immune system reconstitutes in a way that leads to dysregulation of the autoimmune response and the appearance of Graves disease in 1% to 2% of patients. Opportunistic thyroid infections with unusual organisms are most commonly asymptomatic, but can lead to acute or subacute thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Weetman
- Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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Palacios R, Pascual J, Cabrera E, Lebrón JM, Guerrero-León MA, del Arco A, Colmenero JD, Santos J. Lung cancer in HIV-infected patients. Int J STD AIDS 2013; 25:239-43. [PMID: 23970654 DOI: 10.1177/0956462413499317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of lung cancer (LC) in HIV patients and compare them with LC patients from the general population. All HIV patients diagnosed at three hospitals in Malaga (southern Spain) who developed LC during January 1989-June 2012 were reviewed. They were compared with a sample of patients with LC taken from the Pneumology and Oncology Department of the Hospital Virgen de le Victoria (Malaga) during the same period. Of the 4721 HIV patients (83% men) followed-up during the study period, 61 (1.29%) developed LC: 82% were men, mean age 48 years, all except two were smokers, 47.5% had a prior lung infection, and the median CD4 count was 237 cells/mm(3). Forty (65.5%) patients were on antiretroviral therapy at LC diagnosis (70% had an undetectable viral load). The HIV-negative group was older at diagnosis, contained fewer active smokers, had a greater frequency of the squamous cell carcinoma histological subtype and fewer cases of adenocarcinoma. Presentation was advanced in both groups and the median survival of HIV patients was three months. LC is a common tumour in HIV patients. It affects men and women equally, with a history of smoking and often a prior opportunistic lung disease. Affected patients are often immunosuppressed and have had an AIDS-related diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Palacios
- UGC de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
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Abstract
Endobronchial carcinoid is an uncommon pulmonary neoplasm. In this brief report, we present a case of an HIV-infected patient with an incidentally identified endobronchial carcinoid. This case illustrates the importance of a broad differential diagnosis for lung lesions in HIV-infected patients.
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Gormley RH, Kovarik CL. Human papillomavirus–related genital disease in the immunocompromised host. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 66:867.e1-14; quiz 881-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Benabdallah JO, Collins CW, Carucci LR, Moore KE, Gater DR, Klausner AP. Aggressive bladder carcinoma in an HIV-positive man with tetraplegia and neurogenic bladder. J Spinal Cord Med 2011; 34:248-50. [PMID: 21675364 PMCID: PMC3066499 DOI: 10.1179/107902610x12883422813705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Patients with neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury who are managed long term with an indwelling catheter are known to be at increased risk for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Immunosuppression is a known risk factor for malignancies that often are more aggresSive than those seen in normal populations. METHOD Case report and discussion of management recommendations. RESULTS We summarize the case of a 44-year-old HIV-positive C5-C6 incomplete tetraplegic male (date of injury 1980), who was diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and succumbed to disease within 6 months of diagnosis. The patient was a non-smoker who was never managed with an indwelling catheter. There has been no such case reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS HIV infection in the presence of a neurogenic bladder may carry an increased risk of aggressive bladder malignancy. More studies are warranted to determine whether routine annual screening with cystoscopy in all patients with HIV and neurogenic bladder is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O. Benabdallah
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Clinton W. Collins
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Laura R. Carucci
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Kenneth E. Moore
- Center for Spinal Cord Injury & Disorders, H.H. McGuire Veterans Affairs Hospital, Richmond, VA
| | - David R. Gater
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA,Center for Spinal Cord Injury & Disorders, H.H. McGuire Veterans Affairs Hospital, Richmond, VA
| | - Adam P. Klausner
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA,Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, H.H. McGuire Veterans Affairs Hospital, Richmond, VA,Correspondence to: Adam P. Klausner, M.D., Associate Professor & Warren W. Koontz Professor of Urologic Research, Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine. P.O. Box 980118, Richmond, VA 23298-0118.
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11
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Shushan S, Cinamon U, Levy D, Sokolov M, Roth Y. Laryngeal cancer in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Int J STD AIDS 2009; 20:582-4. [PMID: 19625596 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2008.008345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With improved survival, more AIDS patients, especially heavy smokers and alcohol abusers, may be confronted with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Since curative treatment may require aggressive combined therapy, these patients, often suffering from immunosupression and poor general condition, present unique therapeutic challenges. The objective of the study was to describe treatment dilemmas. This case report presents a detailed description of an AIDS patient with carcinoma of the larynx. A patient with T3N0M0 laryngeal carcinoma and AIDS underwent tracheotomy and biopsy, followed by severe neck and pulmonary infection. After convalescence, radiotherapy was administered, with no evidence of a disease during a 3.5-year follow-up. During his remaining life, the patient developed severe psychoaffective disorder, his immune state deteriorated until he demised from sepsis. In conclusion, patients with HIV infection, especially having a history of tobacco or alcohol abuse, should be carefully examined for head and neck carcinoma that is likely to be more aggressive. Following surgery, AIDS patients may have worse wound healing and a greater tendency to contract infections. Radiotherapy and especially chemotherapy may cause life-threatening complications. Although early detection may increase survival, curative treatment should involve many disciplines and extra caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shushan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery and Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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Gaughan EM, Dezube BJ, Bower M, Aboulafia DM, Bohac G, Cooley TP, Pantanowitz L. HIV-associated bladder cancer: a case series evaluating difficulties in diagnosis and management. BMC Urol 2009; 9:10. [PMID: 19719844 PMCID: PMC2746230 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-9-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased incidence of Non-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (non-AIDS) defining cancers. To date, only a limited number of cases of bladder cancer have been linked with HIV infection. We sought to describe the clinical characteristics of HIV-associated bladder cancer. METHODS A retrospective study was performed involving HIV-positive patients with bladder cancer, combining cases from multiple institutions with published case reports. Data regarding patient demographics, HIV status, clinical presentation, pathology, cancer treatment, and outcome were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Eleven patients were identified with a median age of 55 years (range, 33-67). The median CD4+ count at cancer diagnosis was 280 cells/mm3 (range, 106-572 cells/mm3). Six patients (55%) had a known risk factor for bladder cancer, and nine (82%) presented with hematuria. Ten patients had transitional cell carcinoma, and most had superficial disease at presentation. Treatment included mainly transurethral resection of bladder tumor followed by a combination of local and systemic therapies. One patient received intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guèrin (BCG) without complication. Several patients (55%) were alive following therapy, although many (64%) suffered from local relapse and metastatic disease. CONCLUSION Bladder cancer is part of the growing list of cancers that may be encountered in patients living longer with chronic HIV-infection. Our patients presented at a younger age and with only mild immunosuppression, however, they experienced an expected course for their bladder cancer. Hematuria in an HIV-infected patient warrants a complete evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Gaughan
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors in Patients With HIV Infection: A Trans-Atlantic Series. Am J Med Sci 2009; 337:1-4. [DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e31817d1cb7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pantanowitz L, Bohac G, Cooley TP, Aboulafia D, Dezube BJ. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated prostate cancer: clinicopathological findings and outcome in a multi-institutional study. BJU Int 2008; 101:1519-23. [PMID: 18384640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.07474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the clinicopathological findings and the outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients diagnosed and treated for prostate carcinoma, as HIV-positive men being treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are living longer and thus are more likely to develop cancers such as prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective, multi-institutional study involving HIV-positive men with concomitant prostate carcinoma. We collected data regarding patient demographics (age, race), HIV status (CD4(+) cell count, HIV viral load, HAART), PSA level (at cancer diagnosis), symptoms and signs, radiological findings, pathology (Gleason score, stage), cancer treatment (type, side-effects), and outcome (response, survival). Accrued data was analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS We identified 17 patients (mean age 59 years) with HIV-associated prostate adenocarcinoma. The mean CD4(+) count was 336 cells/mm(3) and the mean HIV viral load was 17 319 copies/mL. In all, 14 (82%) of these men were receiving HAART. Most patients were diagnosed with carcinoma after an abnormal screening PSA level. The mean PSA level was 30 ng/mL. Only six (35%) men had an abnormal prostate on examination. The mean Gleason score was 6.8, and in most cases, cancer was confined to the prostate gland. Most patients were amenable to curative treatment with hormonal therapy, radiation, and/or prostatectomy. There were no serious treatment related side-effects. One patient remained untreated. All treated patients had a complete response (undetectable PSA level). Most patients were long-term survivors. Documented death in five cases was unrelated to prostate cancer. CONCLUSION The management of HIV-positive men with prostate carcinoma in the HAART era is becoming increasingly important. Our data shows that in men receiving HAART, their age, PSA levels, clinical presentation, management, and outcome from treated prostate carcinoma does not appear to be significantly altered by HIV status. Therefore, we recommend that patients with prostate cancer and well-controlled HIV viraemia be managed similarly to their HIV-negative counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology, Baystate Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, MA 01199, USA.
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Blenke EJSM, Clement WA, Andrews JM, Scanlon E, Vernham GA. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx in HIV-Positive Patients: Difficulties in Diagnosis and Management. Dysphagia 2006; 22:68-72. [PMID: 17077959 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-006-9034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 04/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk of developing laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This malignancy on average appears in a younger age group at a more advanced stage and has a more aggressive course in HIV patients. These patients have difficult management challenges, diagnostically, in staging, and particularly in determining the optimal treatment for each individual patient because their underlying HIV infection can markedly increase morbidity associated with active treatments. They frequently have problems associated with swallowing both before and after treatment. We present two cases that highlight difficulties in the diagnosis and management of these patients as well as post-treatment complications, with particular emphasis on swallowing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J S M Blenke
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.
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Manfredi R, Sabbatani S, Calza L, Chiodo F. Bladder carcinoma and HIV infection during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: A rare, but intriguing association. Two case reports and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 38:566-70. [PMID: 16798716 DOI: 10.1080/00365540500434653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two very rare case reports of bladder transitional cell carcinoma associated with HIV infection in patients treated with combined antiretroviral therapy are described, and discussed on the ground of the most relevant and updated literature resources. Only 13 cases of vesical carcinoma have been reported to date in the setting of HIV infection, but only 3 anecdotal single reports (the last in the y 2001) described clinical, therapeutic, and outcome issues of this rare disease association in some detail. In our patients, micro- or macro-haematuria was the clue for in-depth diagnosis and prompt treatment, which was limited to multiple local interventions in 1 case, but finally required a radical cystectomy in the second patient. No relationship was found with the very favourable underlying HIV-related virological and immunological status, and the present 8-12-month follow-up did not show disease relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Manfredi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
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Touzot M, Beller CL, Touzot F, Louet ALL, Piketty C. Dramatic interaction between levothyroxine and lopinavir/ritonavir in a HIV-infected patient. AIDS 2006; 20:1210-2. [PMID: 16691080 DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000226969.96880.3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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