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Unveiling the Bioactive Potential of Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Waste in Human Health from a Consumer Perspective. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food supply disruption and shortage verified during the current pandemic events are a scenario that many anticipate for the near future. The impact of climate changes on food production, the continuous decrease in arable land, and the exponential growth of the human population are important drivers for this problem. In this context, adding value to food waste is an obvious strategy to mitigate food shortages, but there is a long way to go in this field. Globally, it is estimated that one-third of all food produced is lost. This is certainly due to many different factors, but the lack of awareness of the consumer about the nutritional value of certain foods parts, namely peels and seeds, is certainly among them. In this review, we will unveil the nutritional and bioactive value of the waste discarded from the most important fresh fruit and vegetables consumed worldwide as a strategy to decrease food waste. This will span the characterization of the bioactive composition of selected waste from fruits and vegetables, particularly their seeds and peels, and their possible uses, whether in our diet or recycled to other ends.
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Hu C, Wang P, Yang Y, Li J, Jiao X, Yu H, Wei Y, Li J, Qin Y. Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Participates in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Perturbs the Formation of Intestinal Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:560201. [PMID: 34277461 PMCID: PMC8281814 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.560201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is the prominent signature of highly prevalent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathophysiology, which leads to increased risk and aggravation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, whether intestinal microbiota is implicated in the mechanisms linking CIH to arteriosclerosis (AS) pathogenesis remains unclear. The association of CIH with the development of altered gut microbiota (GM) may provide the opportunity to develop preventive strategies for atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk reduction. Animal models of apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice treated with high-fat diet (HFD) and subjected to CIH conditions was applied to mimic the AS observed in patients with OSA. The physiological status and atherosclerotic lesion formation were confirmed by histological analysis. 16S rDNA sequencing of fecal samples was conducted to determine the changes in gut microbial composition. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that CIH caused aggravated atherosclerotic lesions and facilitated AS in apoE-/- mice treated with HFD. The gut bacteria was significantly varied in AS and AS+CIH mice compared with that in the control mice. Significantly perturbed GM profiles were detected in AS mice with and without CIH, with altered microbial α- and β- diversity and shifts in bacterial compositions at phylum and genus levels. While the difference between AS and AS+CIH was observed at different bacteria taxa levels. Aggravation of reduced Sutterella and increased Halomonas, Halomonadaceae and Oceanospirillales was noted in CIH-treated AS mice. The correlation of intestinal bacterial parameters with pathological changes in artery indicated complicated interactions under CIH-induced GM dysbiosis. Furthermore, the gut microbial functions in the potential ability of replication recombination and repair proteins, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, as well as metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were identified to be further suppressed by CIH. Our findings demonstrated a causal effect of CIH on GM alterations in AS mice and suggested that the disordered GM features in AS development were deteriorated by CIH, which may be associated with AS aggravation. Preventative strategies targeting gut microbiome are highly recommended for intervention of OSA-related AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huahui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Otolaryngological Department of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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Goddek S. Vitamin D3 and K2 and their potential contribution to reducing the COVID-19 mortality rate. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 99:286-290. [PMID: 32768697 PMCID: PMC7406600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is desperately seeking for a sustainable solution to combat the coronavirus strain SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Recent research indicated that optimizing Vitamin D blood levels could offer a solution approach that promises a heavily reduced fatality rate as well as solving the public health problem of counteracting the general vitamin D deficiency. This paper dived into the immunoregulatory effects of supplementing Vitamin D3 by elaborating a causal loop diagram. Together with D3, vitamin K2 and magnesium should be supplemented to prevent long-term health risks. Follow up clinical randomized trials are required to verify the current circumstantial evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Goddek
- Mathematical and Statistical Methods (Biometris), Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Effects of nutritional intervention upon bone turnover in elderly hip fracture patients. Randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 29:52-58. [PMID: 30661701 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hip fracture patients are at great risk of malnutrition, but documentation of the effect of nutrition supplementation in this group is sparse and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to examine if personalized nutrition advice combined with vitamin K1, Ca and vitamin D could improve bone turnover 4 months after hip fracture. DESIGN This is a preplanned sub study of a randomized controlled trial of orthogeriatric care. The intervention group received orthogeriatric care, including nutrition advice and supplementation. The control group received usual care at the orthopedic ward. Blood was drawn for measurements of a number of vitamins and of bone turnover markers upon admission and at four months follow up. RESULTS 71 patients (31 in the intervention group and 40 controls) had available data at 4 months as well as at baseline. After four months, vitamin K1 and 25(OH)D were higher in the intervention group compared with controls; vitamin K1: 1.0 ± 1.2 vs 0.6 ± 0.6 ng/ml, p = 0.09, 25(OH)D: 60 ± 29 vs 43 ± 22 nmol/L, p = 0.01 when adjusted for baseline differences. In a secondary, unadjusted analysis, comprising all patients with available four months data (n = 136), the differences were statistically significant for vitamin K1 as well as 25(OH)D (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001, respectively). There was a non-significant increase in 25(OH)D in the intervention group from baseline to 4 months follow up, and a significant decrease in the control group. There was no difference in bone turnover markers between the two groups at 4 months follow up. A substantial loss of weight and physical function was found in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The supplementation of 25(OH)D and vitamin K1 improved serum concentrations of these vitamins, but this did not translate into any improvement in the bone turnover markers. The RCT is registered in ClinicalTrials.govNCT01009268 and NCT01738776.
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Torbergsen AC, Watne LO, Wyller TB, Frihagen F, Strømsøe K, Bøhmer T, Mowe M. Micronutrients and the risk of hip fracture: Case–control study. Clin Nutr 2017; 36:438-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effects on bone metabolism markers and arterial stiffness by switching to rivaroxaban from warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Vessels 2017; 32:977-982. [PMID: 28233091 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-0950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, which are all alternatives to warfarin, have been released. The use of DOACs is becoming more widespread in the clinical management of thrombotic stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). In large-scale clinical trials of each drug, DOACs were reported to inhibit intracranial hemorrhage, stroke, and death compared to warfarin. Warfarin is an endogenous vitamin K antagonist; therefore, patients who are taking warfarin must be prohibited from taking vitamin K. Vitamin K is an essential cofactor required for the ɤ-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins including coagulation factors, osteocalcin (OC), matrix Gla protein (MGP), and the growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6). OC is a key factor for bone matrix formation. MGP is a local inhibitor of soft tissue calcification in the vessel wall. GAS6 prevents the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. Therefore, decrease of blood vitamin K levels may cause osteoporosis, vascular calcification, and the inhibition of vessels angiogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of changing from warfarin to rivaroxaban on bone mineral metabolism, vascular calcification, and vascular endothelial dysfunction. We studied 21 consecutive patients with persistent or chronic AF, who were treated with warfarin at least for 12 months. Warfarin administration was changed to rivaroxaban (10 or 15 mg/day) in all patients. Osteopontin (OPN), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and under-carboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) were measured. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) were also measured as atherosclerosis assessments. All measurements were done before and six months after the rivaroxaban treatment. There was a significant increase in serum level of BAP compared to baseline (12.5 ± 4.6 to 13.4 ± 4.1 U/L, P < 0.01). In contrast, there was a significant decrease in the serum level of ucOC (9.5 ± 5.0 to 2.7 ± 1.3 ng/ml, P < 0.01). Also, in the ucOC levels, there was a significant negative correlation between baseline values and baseline to 6-months changes in high ucOC group (r = -0.97, P < 0.01). The atherosclerosis- and osteoporosis-related biomarker, serum level of OPN were significantly decreased compared to baseline (268.3 ± 46.8 to 253.4 ± 47.1 ng/ml, P < 0.01). AI and PWV were significantly decreased after 6 months of treatment with rivaroxaban (33.9 ± 18.4 to 24.7 ± 18.4%, P = 0.04; 1638.8 ± 223.0 to 1613.0 ± 250.1 m/s, P = 0.03, respectively). Switching to rivaroxaban from warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation was associated with an increase of bone formation markers and a decrease of bone resorption markers, and also improvements of PWV and AI.
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Karaś M, Jakubczyk A, Szymanowska U, Złotek U, Zielińska E. Digestion and bioavailability of bioactive phytochemicals. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Karaś
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry; University of Life Sciences; Skromna Str. 8 Lublin 20-704 Poland
| | - Anna Jakubczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry; University of Life Sciences; Skromna Str. 8 Lublin 20-704 Poland
| | - Urszula Szymanowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry; University of Life Sciences; Skromna Str. 8 Lublin 20-704 Poland
| | - Urszula Złotek
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry; University of Life Sciences; Skromna Str. 8 Lublin 20-704 Poland
| | - Ewelina Zielińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry; University of Life Sciences; Skromna Str. 8 Lublin 20-704 Poland
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Martano C, Mugoni V, Dal Bello F, Santoro MM, Medana C. Rapid high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry methodology for multiple prenol lipids analysis in zebrafish embryos. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1412:59-66. [PMID: 26283533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of lipid molecules in living organism is an important step in deciphering metabolic pathways. Recently, the zebrafish has been adopted as a valuable animal model system to perform in vivo metabolomics studies, however limited methodologies and protocols are currently available to investigate zebrafish lipidome and even fewer to analyze specific classes of lipids. Here we present an HPLC-HRMS based method to rapidly measure multiple prenol lipid molecules from zebrafish tissues. In particular, we have optimized our method for concurrent detection of ubiquinones (Coenzyme Q6, Coenzyme Q9, Coenzyme Q10), cholesterol, vitamin E (α-tocopherol), vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. The purpose of this study was to compare different ionization modes, mobile phases and stationary phases in order to optimize lipid molecules separation. After HPLC-HRMS parameters selection, several extraction conditions from zebrafish embryos were evaluated. We assessed our methodology by quantitation of analytical recovery on zebrafish extracts from wild-type or zebrafish mutants (barolo) affected by impaired biosynthesis of ubiquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Martano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vera Mugoni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Thiele I, Linseisen J, Meisinger C, Schwab S, Huth C, Peters A, Perz S, Meitinger T, Kronenberg F, Lamina C, Thiery J, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Kääb S, Then C, Seissler J, Thorand B. Associations between calcium and vitamin D supplement use as well as their serum concentrations and subclinical cardiovascular disease phenotypes. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:743-51. [PMID: 26141019 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplementation of calcium (Ca) and vitamin D for the prevention of osteoporosis is frequently found in Western countries. Recent re-analyses of clinical trials observed a higher risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in subjects taking Ca (+vitamin D) supplements, although the underlying mechanisms are not clear. OBJECTIVE Thus, we analyzed the associations between Ca and vitamin D supplementation as well as serum concentrations of Ca and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) phenotypes, namely intima-media thickness, ankle-brachial-index (ABI), intermittent claudication, and atrial fibrillation (AF). DESIGN Data of 1601 participants aged 50-81 years of the population-based cross-sectional Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study in Germany were analyzed. Logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals (CI)) and β-estimates (p-values), respectively. RESULTS Regular Ca supplementation showed a significant positive association with the presence of AF after multivariable adjustment (OR = 3.89; 95% CI 1.28-11.81). Higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were independently associated with a lower prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease as assessed by ABI measurements (β = 0.007; p = 0.01). No other significant associations between supplementation or serum concentrations of Ca or vitamin D and CVD phenotypes were identified. CONCLUSIONS Although based on few cases the finding of a significant higher prevalence of AF in Ca supplement users hints at one possible mechanism that may contribute to an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. The observed association between serum 25(OH)D and ABI supports results from other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inke Thiele
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Sigrid Schwab
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Huth
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Siegfried Perz
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfst. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfst. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetes-Forschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stefan Kääb
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Medical Policlinic and University Clinic I, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV - Campus Innenstadt, Diabetes Zentrum, Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV - Campus Innenstadt, Diabetes Zentrum, Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Torbergsen AC, Watne LO, Wyller TB, Frihagen F, Strømsøe K, Bøhmer T, Mowe M. Vitamin K1 and 25(OH)D are independently and synergistically associated with a risk for hip fracture in an elderly population: A case control study. Clin Nutr 2015; 34:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hamidi MS, Cheung AM. Vitamin K and musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1647-57. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S. Hamidi
- Osteoporosis and Women's Health Programs; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Angela M. Cheung
- Osteoporosis and Women's Health Programs; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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Rafael MS, Cavaco S, Viegas CSB, Santos S, Ramos A, Willems BAG, Herfs M, Theuwissen E, Vermeer C, Simes DC. Insights into the association of Gla-rich protein and osteoarthritis, novel splice variants and γ-carboxylation status. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1636-46. [PMID: 24867294 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Gla-rich protein (GRP) is a vitamin K dependent protein, characterized by a high density of γ-carboxylated Glu residues, shown to accumulate in mouse and sturgeon cartilage and at sites of skin and vascular calcification in humans. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of GRP in pathological calcification in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS AND RESULTS Comparative analysis of GRP patterning at transcriptional and translational levels was performed between controls and OA patients. Using a RT-PCR strategy we unveiled two novel splice variants in human-GRP-F5 and F6-potentially characterized by the loss of full γ-carboxylation and secretion functional motifs. GRP-F1 is shown to be the predominant splice variant expressed in mouse and human adult tissues, particularly in OA cartilage, while an overexpressing human cell model points it as the major γ-carboxylated isoform. Using validated conformational antibodies detecting carboxylated or undercarboxylated GRP (c/uc GRP), we have demonstrated cGRP accumulation in controls, whereas ucGRP was the predominant form in OA-affected tissues, colocalizing at sites of ectopic calcification. CONCLUSION Overall, our results indicate the predominance of GRP-F1, and a clear association of ucGRP with OA cartilage and synovial membrane. Levels of vitamin K should be further assessed in these patients to determine its potential therapeutic use as a supplement in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta S Rafael
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Gla-rich protein is a potential new vitamin K target in cancer: evidences for a direct GRP-mineral interaction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:340216. [PMID: 24949434 PMCID: PMC4052551 DOI: 10.1155/2014/340216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gla-rich protein (GRP) was described in sturgeon as a new vitamin-K-dependent protein (VKDP) with a high density of Gla residues and associated with ectopic calcifications in humans. Although VKDPs function has been related with γ-carboxylation, the Gla status of GRP in humans is still unknown. Here, we investigated the expression of recently identified GRP spliced transcripts, the γ-carboxylation status, and its association with ectopic calcifications, in skin basal cell and breast carcinomas. GRP-F1 was identified as the predominant splice variant expressed in healthy and cancer tissues. Patterns of γ-carboxylated GRP (cGRP)/undercarboxylated GRP (ucGRP) accumulation in healthy and cancer tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry, using newly developed conformation-specific antibodies. Both GRP protein forms were found colocalized in healthy tissues, while ucGRP was the predominant form associated with tumor cells. Both cGRP and ucGRP found at sites of microcalcifications were shown to have in vitro calcium mineral-binding capacity. The decreased levels of cGRP and predominance of ucGRP in tumor cells suggest that GRP may represent a new target for the anticancer potential of vitamin K. Also, the direct interaction of cGRP and ucGRP with BCP crystals provides a possible mechanism explaining GRP association with pathological mineralization.
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Walther B, Karl JP, Booth SL, Boyaval P. Menaquinones, bacteria, and the food supply: the relevance of dairy and fermented food products to vitamin K requirements. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:463-73. [PMID: 23858094 PMCID: PMC3941825 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.003855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K exists in the food supply as phylloquinone, a plant-based form and as menaquinones (MKs), a collection of isoprenologues mostly originating from bacterial synthesis. Although multiple bacterial species used as starter cultures for food fermentations synthesize MK, relatively little is known about the presence and distribution of MK in the food supply and the relative contribution of MK to total dietary vitamin K intake. Dairy products may be a predominant source of dietary MK in many regions of the world, and there is recent interest in enhancing the MK content of dairy products through identification and selection of MK-producing bacteria in dairy fermentations. This interest is increased by emerging evidence that current dietary recommendations based on the classic role of vitamin K as an enzyme cofactor for coagulation proteins may not be optimal for supporting vitamin K requirements in extrahepatic tissues and that MK may have unique bioactivity beyond that as an enzyme cofactor. Observational studies have reported favorable associations between MK intake and bone and cardiovascular health. Although randomized trials have provided some evidence to support the beneficial effects of MK on bone, the evidence to date is not definitive, and randomized trials have not yet examined MK intake in relation to cardiovascular outcomes. Food production practices provide a means to enhance dietary MK availability and intake. However, parallel research is needed to optimize these production practices, develop comprehensive food MK content databases, and test hypotheses of unique beneficial physiological roles of MK beyond that achieved by phylloquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Walther
- Research Station Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux ALP, Bern, Switzerland.
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