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Hangel G, Schmitz‐Abecassis B, Sollmann N, Pinto J, Arzanforoosh F, Barkhof F, Booth T, Calvo‐Imirizaldu M, Cassia G, Chmelik M, Clement P, Ercan E, Fernández‐Seara MA, Furtner J, Fuster‐Garcia E, Grech‐Sollars M, Guven NT, Hatay GH, Karami G, Keil VC, Kim M, Koekkoek JAF, Kukran S, Mancini L, Nechifor RE, Özcan A, Ozturk‐Isik E, Piskin S, Schmainda KM, Svensson SF, Tseng C, Unnikrishnan S, Vos F, Warnert E, Zhao MY, Jancalek R, Nunes T, Hirschler L, Smits M, Petr J, Emblem KE. Advanced MR Techniques for Preoperative Glioma Characterization: Part 2. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:1676-1695. [PMID: 36912262 PMCID: PMC10947037 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative clinical MRI protocols for gliomas, brain tumors with dismal outcomes due to their infiltrative properties, still rely on conventional structural MRI, which does not deliver information on tumor genotype and is limited in the delineation of diffuse gliomas. The GliMR COST action wants to raise awareness about the state of the art of advanced MRI techniques in gliomas and their possible clinical translation. This review describes current methods, limits, and applications of advanced MRI for the preoperative assessment of glioma, summarizing the level of clinical validation of different techniques. In this second part, we review magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), MRI-PET, MR elastography (MRE), and MR-based radiomics applications. The first part of this review addresses dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, arterial spin labeling (ASL), diffusion-weighted MRI, vessel imaging, and magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF). EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Hangel
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging BiomarkersViennaAustria
- Medical Imaging ClusterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bárbara Schmitz‐Abecassis
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Medical Delta FoundationDelftthe Netherlands
| | - Nico Sollmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Joana Pinto
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image ComputingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thomas Booth
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeuroradiologyKing's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Marek Chmelik
- Department of Technical Disciplines in Medicine, Faculty of Health CareUniversity of PrešovPrešovSlovakia
| | - Patricia Clement
- Department of Diagnostic SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Medical ImagingGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Ece Ercan
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Maria A. Fernández‐Seara
- Department of RadiologyClínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Julia Furtner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Research Center of Medical Image Analysis and Artificial IntelligenceDanube Private UniversityAustria
| | - Elies Fuster‐Garcia
- Biomedical Data Science Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y ComunicacionesUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Matthew Grech‐Sollars
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - N. Tugay Guven
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringBogazici University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | - Gokce Hale Hatay
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringBogazici University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | - Golestan Karami
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Vera C. Keil
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
- Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Mina Kim
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering and Department of NeuroinflammationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Johan A. F. Koekkoek
- Department of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyHaaglanden Medical CenterNetherlands
| | - Simran Kukran
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Radiotherapy and ImagingInstitute of Cancer ResearchUK
| | - Laura Mancini
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ruben Emanuel Nechifor
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental HealthBabes‐Bolyai UniversityRomania
| | - Alpay Özcan
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering DepartmentBogazici University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | - Esin Ozturk‐Isik
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringBogazici University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | - Senol Piskin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and EngineeringIstinye University IstanbulIstanbulTurkey
| | | | - Siri F. Svensson
- Department of Physics and Computational RadiologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Chih‐Hsien Tseng
- Medical Delta FoundationDelftthe Netherlands
- Department of Imaging PhysicsDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands
| | - Saritha Unnikrishnan
- Faculty of Engineering and DesignAtlantic Technological University (ATU) SligoSligoIreland
- Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), ATU SligoSligoIreland
| | - Frans Vos
- Medical Delta FoundationDelftthe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
- Department of Imaging PhysicsDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands
| | - Esther Warnert
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Moss Y. Zhao
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Radim Jancalek
- Department of NeurosurgerySt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzechia
- Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzechia
| | - Teresa Nunes
- Department of NeuroradiologyHospital Garcia de OrtaAlmadaPortugal
| | - Lydiane Hirschler
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Marion Smits
- Medical Delta FoundationDelftthe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
- Brain Tumour CentreErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jan Petr
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐RossendorfInstitute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchDresdenGermany
| | - Kyrre E. Emblem
- Department of Physics and Computational RadiologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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Wishart G, Gupta P, Nisbet A, Velliou E, Schettino G. Enhanced effect of X-rays in the presence of a static magnetic field within a 3D pancreatic cancer model. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20220832. [PMID: 36475863 PMCID: PMC9975369 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20220832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of static magnetic field (SMF) presence on the radiation response of pancreatic cancer cells in polyurethane-based highly macro-porous scaffolds in hypoxic (1% O2) and normoxic (21% O2) conditions, towards understanding MR-guided radiotherapy, shedding light on the potential interaction phenomenon between SMF and radiation in a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. METHODS Pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1, ASPC-1) were seeded into fibronectin-coated highly porous polyethene scaffolds for biomimicry and cultured for 4 weeks in in vitro normoxia (21% O2) followed by a 2-day exposure to either in vitro hypoxia (1% O2) or maintenance in in vitro normoxia (21% O2). The samples were then irradiated with 6 MV photons in the presence or absence of a 1.5 T field. Thereafter, in situ post-radiation monitoring (1 and 7 days post-irradiation treatment) took place via quantification of (i) live dead and (ii) apoptotic profiles. RESULTS We report: (i) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma hypoxia-associated radioprotection, in line with our previous findings, (ii) an enhanced effect of radiation in the presence of SMFin in vitro hypoxia (1% O2) for both short- (1 day) and long-term (7 days) post -radiation analysis and (iii) an enhanced effect of radiation in the presence of SMF in in vitro normoxia (21% O2) for long-term (7 days) post-radiation analysis within a 3D pancreatic cancer model. CONCLUSION With limited understanding of the potential interaction phenomenon between SMF and radiation, this 3D system allows combination evaluation for a cancer in which the role of radiotherapy is still evolving. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This study examined the use of a 3D model to investigate MR-guided radiotherapy in a hypoxic microenvironment, indicating that this could be a useful platform to further understanding of SMF influence on radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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Kerschbaum-Gruber S, Padilla-Cabal F, Mara E, Lohberger B, Georg D, Fuchs H. An external perpendicular magnetic field does not influence survival and DNA damage after proton and carbon ion irradiation in human cancer cells. Z Med Phys 2022; 32:326-333. [PMID: 35058110 PMCID: PMC9948843 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Magnetic field effects on the radiobiological effectiveness during treatment of magnetic resonance (MRI) guided particle therapy are being debated. This study aims at assessing the influence of a perpendicular magnetic field on the biological effects in two human cancer cell lines irradiated with proton or carbon ions. METHODS AND MATERIALS In vitro cell irradiations were performed in water inside a perpendicular magnetic field of 0 and 1T for both protons and carbon ions. Samples were located in the center of a spread-out Bragg peak at 8cm water equivalent depth with a dose averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) of 4.2 or 83.4keV/μm for protons and carbon ions, respectively. Physical dose levels of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6Gy were employed. The irradiation field was shifted and laterally enlarged, to compensate for the beam deflection due to the magnetic field and ensure consistent and homogenous irradiations of the flasks. The human cancer cell lines SKMel (Melanoma) and SW1353 (chondrosarcoma) were selected which represent a high and a low (α/β)x ratio cell type. Cell survival curves were generated applying a linear-quadratic curve fit. DNA damage and DNA damage clearance were assessed via γH2AX foci quantification at 1 and 24h post radiation treatment. RESULTS Without a magnetic field, RBE10 values of 1.04±0.03 (SW1353) and 1.51±0.06 (SKMel) as well as RBE80 values of 0.93±0.15 (SW1353) and 2.28±0.40 (SKMel) were calculated for protons. Carbon treatments yielded RBE10 values of 1.68±0.04 (SW1353) and 2.30±0.07 (SKMel) and RBE80 values of 2.19±0.24 (SW1353) and 4.06±0.33 (SKMel). For a field strength of B=1T, RBE10 values of 1.06±0.03 (SW1353) and 1.47±0.06 (SKMel) resulted from protons, while RBE10 values of 1.70±0.05 (SW1353) and 2.37±0.08 (SKMel) were obtained for carbon ions. RBE80 values were calculated to be 1.06±0.12 (SW1353) and 2.33±0.40 (SKMel) following protons and 2.13±0.25 (SW1353) and 4.29±0.35 (SKMel) following carbon treatments. Substantially increased γH2AX foci per nucleus were found in both cell lines 1h after radiation with both ion species. At the 24h time point only carbon treated samples of both cell lines showed increased γH2AX levels. The presence of the magnetic field did neither influence the survival parameters of either cell line, nor initial DNA damage and DNA damage clearance. CONCLUSIONS Applying a perpendicular magnetic field did not influence the cell survival, DNA repair, nor the biological effectiveness of protons or carbon ions in two human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Kerschbaum-Gruber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Fatima Padilla-Cabal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | | | - Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Hermann Fuchs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.
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Yang J, Zhang P, Tyagi N, Scripes PG, Subashi E, Liang J, Lovelock D, Mechalakos J, Li A, Lim SB. Integration of an Independent Monitor Unit Check for High-Magnetic-Field MR-Guided Radiation Therapy System. Front Oncol 2022; 12:747825. [PMID: 35359395 PMCID: PMC8963466 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.747825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Commercial independent monitor unit (IMU) check systems for high-magnetic-field MR-guided radiation therapy (RT) systems are lacking. We investigated the feasibility of adopting an existing treatment planning system (TPS) as an IMU check for online adaptive radiotherapy using 1.5-Tesla MR-Linac. Methods The 7-MV flattening filter free (FFF) beam and multi-leaf collimator (MLC) models of a 1.5-T Elekta Unity MR-Linac within Monte Carlo-based Monaco TPS were used to generate an optimized beam model in Eclipse TPS. The MLC dosimetric leaf gap of the beam in Eclipse was determined by matching the dose distribution of Eclipse-generated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans using the Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) algorithm to Monaco plans. The plans were automatically adjusted for different source-to-axis distances (SADs) between the two systems. For IMU check, the treatment plans developed in Monaco were transferred to Eclipse to recalculate the dose using AAA. A plug-in within Eclipse was created to perform a 2D gamma analysis of the AAA and Monte Carlo dose distribution on a beam’s eye view parallel plane. Monaco dose distribution was shifted laterally by 2 mm during gamma analysis to account for the impact of magnetic field on electron trajectories. Eclipse doses for posterior beams were corrected for both the Unity couch and the posterior MR coil attenuation. Thirteen patients, each with 4–5 fractions for a variety of tumor sites (pancreas, rectum, and prostate), were tested. Results After thorough commissioning, the method was implemented as part of the standard clinical workflow. A total of 62 online plans, each with approximately 15 beams, were evaluated. The average per-beam gamma (3%/3 mm) pass rate for plans was 97.9% (range, 95.9% to 98.8%). The average pass rate per beam for all 932 beams used in these plans was 97.9% ± 1.9%, with the lowest per-beam gamma pass rate at 88.4%. The time for the process was within 3.2 ± 0.9 min. Conclusion The use of a second planning system provides an efficient way to perform IMU checks with clinically acceptable accuracy for online adaptive plans on Unity MR-Linac. This is essential for meeting the safety requirements for second checks as outlined in American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group (AAPM TG) reports 114 and 219.
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Wishart G, Gupta P, Nisbet A, Schettino G, Velliou E. On the Evaluation of a Novel Hypoxic 3D Pancreatic Cancer Model as a Tool for Radiotherapy Treatment Screening. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6080. [PMID: 34885188 PMCID: PMC8657010 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is evolving to mimic intricate ecosystems of tumour microenvironments (TME) to more readily map realistic in vivo niches of cancerous tissues. Such advanced cancer tissue models enable more accurate preclinical assessment of treatment strategies. Pancreatic cancer is a dangerous disease with high treatment resistance that is directly associated with a highly complex TME. More specifically, the pancreatic cancer TME includes (i) complex structure and complex extracellular matrix (ECM) protein composition; (ii) diverse cell populations (e.g., stellate cells), cancer associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, which interact with the cancer cells and promote resistance to treatment and metastasis; (iii) accumulation of high amounts of (ECM), which leads to the creation of a fibrotic/desmoplastic reaction around the tumour; and (iv) heterogeneous environmental gradients such as hypoxia, which result from vessel collapse and stiffness increase in the fibrotic/desmoplastic area of the TME. These unique hallmarks are not effectively recapitulated in traditional preclinical research despite radiotherapeutic resistance being largely connected to them. Herein, we investigate, for the first time, the impact of in vitro hypoxia (5% O2) on the radiotherapy treatment response of pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) in a novel polymer (polyurethane) based highly macroporous scaffold that was surface modified with proteins (fibronectin) for ECM mimicry. More specifically, PANC-1 cells were seeded in fibronectin coated macroporous scaffolds and were cultured for four weeks in in vitro normoxia (21% O2), followed by a two day exposure to either in vitro hypoxia (5% O2) or maintenance in in vitro normoxia. Thereafter, in situ post-radiation monitoring (one day, three days, seven days post-irradiation) of the 3D cell cultures took place via quantification of (i) live/dead and apoptotic profiles and (ii) ECM (collagen-I) and HIF-1a secretion by the cancer cells. Our results showed increased post-radiation viability, reduced apoptosis, and increased collagen-I and HIF-1a secretion in in vitro hypoxia compared to normoxic cultures, revealing hypoxia-induced radioprotection. Overall, this study employed a low cost, animal free model enabling (i) the possibility of long-term in vitro hypoxic 3D cell culture for pancreatic cancer, and (ii) in vitro hypoxia associated PDAC radio-protection development. Our novel platform for radiation treatment screening can be used for long-term in vitro post-treatment observations as well as for fractionated radiotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Wishart
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (G.W.); (P.G.)
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (G.W.); (P.G.)
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Giuseppe Schettino
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Eirini Velliou
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (G.W.); (P.G.)
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London W1W 7TY, UK
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Jabeen M, Chow JCL. Gold Nanoparticle DNA Damage by Photon Beam in a Magnetic Field: A Monte Carlo Study. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071751. [PMID: 34361137 PMCID: PMC8308193 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the emergence of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiotherapy, it is important to investigate the impact of the magnetic field on the dose enhancement in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), when gold nanoparticles are used as radiosensitizers during radiotherapy. Gold nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy is known to enhance the dose deposition in the DNA, resulting in a double-strand break. In this study, the effects of the magnetic field on the dose enhancement factor (DER) for varying gold nanoparticle sizes, photon beam energies and magnetic field strengths and orientations were investigated using Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo simulations. Using a Monte Carlo model including a single gold nanoparticle with a photon beam source and DNA molecule on the left and right, it is demonstrated that as the gold nanoparticle size increased, the DER increased. However, as the photon beam energy decreased, an increase in the DER was detected. When a magnetic field was added to the simulation model, the DER was found to increase by 2.5-5% as different field strengths (0-2 T) and orientations (x-, y- and z-axis) were used for a 100 nm gold nanoparticle using a 50 keV photon beam. The DNA damage reflected by the DER increased slightly with the presence of the magnetic field. However, variations in the magnetic field strength and orientation did not change the DER significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Jabeen
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
| | - James C. L. Chow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-946-4501
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Ohno T, Kubota T, Yano M, Fujiwara Y, Araki F. Monte Carlo study of dosimetric impact of gadolinium contrast medium in transverse field MR-Linac system. Phys Med 2021; 86:19-30. [PMID: 34049117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the dosimetric impact of gadolinium contrast medium (Gadovist) in a transverse MR-Linac system using Monte Carlo methods. The dose distributions were calculated using two heterogeneous multi-layer phantoms consisting of Gadovist, water, bone, and lung. The photon beam was irradiated with a filed size of 5 × 5 cm2, and a transverse magnetic field of 0-3.0 T was applied perpendicular to the incident photon beam. Next, dose distributions for brain, head and neck (H&N), and lung cancer patients were calculated using a patient voxel-based phantom with and without replacing the patient's GTV with Gadovist. The dose at the water-Gadovist interface increased by 8% without a magnetic field. A similar dose increment was observed at 0.35 T. In contrast, the dose increment at the water-Gadovist interface was small at 1.5 T and a dose decrement of 5% was observed at 3.0 T. The dose variation at the lung-Gadovist interface was larger than that at the water-Gadovist interface. The mass collision stopping power ratio for Gadovist was 7% lower than that for water, whereas, the electron fluence spectra at the water-Gadovist interface increased by 17.5%. In a patient study, Gadovist increased the Dmean for brain, H&N, and lung cancer patients by 0.65-8.9%. The dose variation due to Gadovist grew large in the low-dose region in H&N and lung cancer. The GTV dose variation due to Gadovist in all treatment site was below 2% at 0-3 T if the Gadovist concentration was lower than 0.2 mmol/ml-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ohno
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Kubota
- Kokura Memorial Hospital, 3-2-1 Asano, Kokura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yano
- Saga Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Tosu, Koga-machi, Tosu, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fujio Araki
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Kumamoto, Japan
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Wishart G, Gupta P, Schettino G, Nisbet A, Velliou E. 3d tissue models as tools for radiotherapy screening for pancreatic cancer. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20201397. [PMID: 33684308 PMCID: PMC8010544 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20201397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of radiotherapy treatment regimes varies from tumour to tumour and from patient to patient but it is generally highly influenced by the tumour microenvironment (TME). The TME can be described as a heterogeneous composition of biological, biophysical, biomechanical and biochemical milieus that influence the tumour survival and its' response to treatment. Preclinical research faces challenges in the replication of these in vivo milieus for predictable treatment response studies. 2D cell culture is a traditional, simplistic and cost-effective approach to culture cells in vitro, however, the nature of the system fails to recapitulate important features of the TME such as structure, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. At the same time, the traditional use of animals (Xenografts) in cancer research allows realistic in vivo architecture, however foreign physiology, limited heterogeneity and reduced tumour mutation rates impairs relevance to humans. Furthermore, animal research is very time consuming and costly. Tissue engineering is advancing as a promising biomimetic approach, producing 3D models that capture structural, biophysical, biochemical and biomechanical features, therefore, facilitating more realistic treatment response studies for further clinical application. However, currently, the application of 3D models for radiation response studies is an understudied area of research, especially for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a cancer with a notoriously complex microenvironment. At the same time, specific novel and/or more enhanced radiotherapy tumour-targeting techniques such as MRI-guided radiotherapy and proton therapy are emerging to more effectively target pancreatic cancer cells. However, these emerging technologies may have different biological effectiveness as compared to established photon-based radiotherapy. For example, for MRI-guided radiotherapy, the novel use of static magnetic fields (SMF) during radiation delivery is understudied and not fully understood. Thus, reliable biomimetic platforms to test new radiation delivery strategies are required to more accurately predict in vivo responses. Here, we aim to collate current 3D models for radiation response studies of PDAC, identifying the state of the art and outlines knowledge gaps. Overall, this review paper highlights the need for further research on the use of 3D models for pre-clinical radiotherapy screening including (i) 3D (re)-modeling of the PDAC hypoxic TME to allow for late effects of ionising radiation (ii) the screening of novel radiotherapy approaches and their combinations as well as (iii) a universally accepted 3D-model image quantification method for evaluating TME components in situ that would facilitate accurate post-treatment(s) quantitative comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Tambasco M, Pang G, Fuller L, Brescia EL, Mardirossian G. Impact of a 1.5 T magnetic field on DNA damage in MRI-guided HDR brachytherapy. Phys Med 2020; 76:85-91. [PMID: 32623225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Some studies have suggested that the presence of a static magnetic field (SMF) during irradiation alters biological damage. Since MRI-guided radiotherapy is becoming increasingly common, we constructed a DNA-based detector to assess the effect of a 1.5 T SMF on DNA damage during high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy irradiation. METHODS Block phantoms containing a small cavity for the placement of plasmid DNA (pBR322) samples were 3-D printed with biocompatible tissue equivalent material. The phantom was CT scanned and an HDR brachytherapy treatment plan was designed to deliver 20 Gy and 30 Gy doses to the DNA samples in the presence and absence of a 1.5 T SMF. Relative yields of single- and double-strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs, respectively) were computed from gel electrophoresis images of the DNA band intensities and averaged over sample sizes ranging from 12 to 30. Radiation dose was also measured in the presence and absence of the 1.5 T SMF using GafChromic™ EBT3 film placed in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes. RESULTS The average yield of DNA with SSBs and DSBs in the presence and absence of the SMF showed no statistically significant differences (all p ≥ 0.17). Differences in the net optical densities of the EBT3 films for each plane were within experimental uncertainty, suggesting no dose difference in the presence and absence of the SMF. CONCLUSIONS HDR irradiation in the presence of the 1.5 T SMF did not alter dose deposition to the DNA cavity nor change SSB and DSB DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Tambasco
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Geordi Pang
- Odette Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Loni Fuller
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Erika L Brescia
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Genesis Healthcare Partners, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - George Mardirossian
- Department of Medical Physics, Genesis Healthcare Partners, San Diego, CA, USA
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Brix G, Günther E, Rössler U, Endesfelder D, Kamp A, Beer A, Eiber M. Double-strand breaks in lymphocyte DNA of humans exposed to [ 18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and the static magnetic field in PET/MRI. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:43. [PMID: 32346810 PMCID: PMC7188749 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the increasing clinical use of PET/MRI, potential risks to patients from simultaneous exposure to ionising radiation and (electro)magnetic fields should be thoroughly investigated as a precaution. With this aim, the genotoxic potential of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) and a strong static magnetic field (SMF) were evaluated both in isolation and in combination using the γH2AX assay detecting double-strand breaks in lymphocyte DNA. METHODS Thirty-two healthy young volunteers allocated to three study arms were exposed to [18F]FDG alone, to a 3-T SMF alone or to both combined over 60 min at a PET/CT or a PET/MRI system. Blood samples taken after in vivo exposure were incubated up to 60 min to extend the irradiation of blood by residual [18F]FDG within the samples and the time to monitor the γH2AX response. Absorbed doses to lymphocytes delivered in vivo and in vitro were estimated individually for each volunteer exposed to [18F]FDG. γH2AX foci were scored automatically by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Absorbed doses to lymphocytes exposed over 60 to 120 min to [18F]FDG varied between 1.5 and 3.3 mGy. In this time interval, the radiotracer caused a significant median relative increase of 28% in the rate of lymphocytes with at least one γH2AX focus relative to the background rate (p = 0.01), but not the SMF alone (p = 0.47). Simultaneous application of both agents did not result in a significant synergistic or antagonistic outcome (p = 0.91). CONCLUSION There is no evidence of a synergism between [18F]FDG and the SMF that may be of relevance for risk assessment of PET/MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Brix
- Department of Medical and Occupational Radiation Protection, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Günther
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Rössler
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Endesfelder
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kamp
- Department of Medical and Occupational Radiation Protection, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ambros Beer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Inaniwa T, Suzuki M, Sato S, Muramatsu M, Noda A, Iwata Y, Kanematsu N, Shirai T, Noda K. Effect of External Magnetic Fields on Biological Effectiveness of Proton Beams. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 106:597-603. [PMID: 31678633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose is to verify experimentally whether application of magnetic fields longitudinal and perpendicular to a proton beam alters the biological effectiveness of the radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Proton beams with linear energy transfer of 1.1 and 3.3 keV/μm irradiated human cancer and normal cells under a longitudinal (perpendicular) magnetic field of BL (BP) = 0, 0.3, or 0.6 T. Cell survival curves were constructed to evaluate the effects of the magnetic fields on the biological effectiveness. The ratio of dose that would result in a survival fraction of 10% without the magnetic field Dwo to the dose with the magnetic field Dw, R10 = Dwo/Dw, was determined for each cell line and magnetic field. RESULTS For cancer cells exposed to the 1.1- (3.3-) keV/μm proton beams, R10s were increased to 1.10 ± 0.07 (1.11 ± 0.07) and 1.11 ± 0.07 (1.12 ± 0.07) by the longitudinal magnetic fields of BL = 0.3 and 0.6 T, respectively. For normal cells, R10s were increased to 1.13 ± 0.06 (1.17 ± 0.06) and 1.17 ± 0.06 (1.30 ± 0.06) by the BLs. In contrast, R10s were not changed significantly from 1 by the perpendicular magnetic fields of BP = 0.3 and 0.6 T for both cancer and normal cells exposed to 1.1- and 3.3-keV/μm proton beams. CONCLUSIONS The biological effectiveness of proton beams was significantly enhanced by longitudinal magnetic fields of BL = 0.3 and 0.6 T, whereas the biological effectiveness was not altered by perpendicular magnetic fields of the same strengths. This enhancement effect should be taken into account in magnetic resonance imaging guided proton therapy with a longitudinal magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Inaniwa
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Masao Suzuki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Sato
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Muramatsu
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Noda
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Iwata
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kanematsu
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shirai
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
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12
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Inaniwa T, Suzuki M, Sato S, Noda A, Muramatsu M, Iwata Y, Kanematsu N, Shirai T, Noda K. Influence of a perpendicular magnetic field on biological effectiveness of carbon-ion beams. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1346-1350. [PMID: 31140908 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1625461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Our previous study revealed that the application of a magnetic field longitudinal to a carbon-ion beam of 0.1 ≤ B//≤ 0.6 T enhances the biological effectiveness of the radiation. The purpose of this study is to experimentally verify whether the application of a magnetic field perpendicular to the beam also alters the biological effectiveness. Methods and materials: Most experimental conditions other than the magnetic field direction were the same as those used in the previous study to allow comparison of their results. Human cancer and normal cells were exposed to low (12 keV/μm) and high (50 keV/μm) linear energy transfer (LET) carbon-ion beams under the perpendicular magnetic fields of B⊥ = 0, 0.15, 0.3, or 0.6 T generated by a dipole magnet. The effects of the magnetic fields on the biological effectiveness were evaluated by clonogenic cell survival. Doses that would result in the survival of 10%, D10s, were determined for the exposures and analyzed using Student's t-tests. Results: For both cancer and normal cells treated by low- and high-LET carbon-ion beams, the D10s measured in the presence of the perpendicular magnetic fields of B⊥ ≥ 0.15 T were not statistically different (p ≫ .05) from the D10s measured in the absence of the magnetic fields, B⊥ = 0 T. Conclusions: Exposure of human cancer and normal cells to the perpendicular magnetic fields of B⊥ ≤ 0.6 T did not alter significantly the biological effectiveness of the carbon-ion beams, unlike the exposure to longitudinal magnetic fields of the same strength. Although the mechanisms underlying the observed results still require further exploration, these findings indicate that the influence of the magnetic field on biological effectiveness of the carbon-ion beam depends on the applied field direction with respect to the beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Inaniwa
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masao Suzuki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Shinji Sato
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Akira Noda
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masayuki Muramatsu
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Iwata
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kanematsu
- Medical Physics Section, National Institute of Radiological Sciences Hospital , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shirai
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Koji Noda
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST , Chiba , Japan
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Gupta P, Totti S, Pérez-Mancera PA, Dyke E, Nisbet A, Schettino G, Webb R, Velliou EG. Chemoradiotherapy screening in a novel biomimetic polymer based pancreatic cancer model. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41649-41663. [PMID: 35541584 PMCID: PMC9076463 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09123h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly and aggressive disease with a very low survival rate. This is partly due to the resistance of the disease to currently available treatment options. Herein, we report for the first time the use of a novel polyurethane scaffold based PDAC model for screening the short and relatively long term (1 and 17 days post-treatment) responses of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and their combination. We show a dose dependent cell viability reduction and apoptosis induction for both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, we observe a change in the impact of the treatment depending on the time-frame, especially for radiation for which the PDAC scaffolds showed resistance after 1 day but responded more 17 days post-treatment. This is the first study to report a viable PDAC culture in a scaffold for more than 2 months and the first to perform long-term (17 days) post-treatment observations in vitro. This is particularly important as a longer time-frame is much closer to animal studies and to patient treatment regimes, highlighting that our scaffold system has great potential to be used as an animal free model for screening of PDAC. Poly-urethane scaffold based 3D pancreatic cancer model enables realistic long term chemotherapy and radiotherapy screening. This model can be used for personalised treatment screening.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Stella Totti
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | | | - Eleanor Dyke
- Department of Medical Physics
- The Royal Surrey County Hospital
- NHS Foundation Trust
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department of Medical Physics
- The Royal Surrey County Hospital
- NHS Foundation Trust
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Giuseppe Schettino
- Department of Physics
- University of Surrey
- Guildford GU2 7XH
- UK
- Medical Radiation Science Group
| | - Roger Webb
- The Ion Beam Centre
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Eirini G. Velliou
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
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