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Aswani Y, Patel A, Zhan X, Ansari S, Marcelino LG, Aswani N, Patel DD, Kandemirli S, Averill S, Bhatt S. Imaging in Erdheim-Chester Disease. Radiographics 2024; 44:e240011. [PMID: 39172709 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, multisystemic, inflammatory, non-Langerhans cell histiocytic neoplasm. The discovery of recurrent and somatic mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, most commonly BRAFV600E, has led to a reclassification of ECD from an inflammatory disorder to a neoplastic process. It is now included in the revised 2016 World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic tumors and in the Langerhans group in the revised 2016 Histiocytosis Classification of the Histiocyte Society. When symptomatic, ECD most commonly manifests with bone pain and fatigue. Also, neurologic manifestations, central diabetes insipidus, exophthalmos, and periorbital xanthelasma-like lesions are frequently encountered. Pathologic findings may vary depending on the site of biopsy and may display a spectrum of features. Thus, due to the diverse clinical presentation and variable histologic findings, imaging can often show the first sign of the disease. Radiologic findings are, however, interpreted in conjunction with clinical and histologic findings to establish the diagnosis of ECD. From providing classic findings that facilitate diagnosis to helping radiologists determine the extent of disease and predicting a prognosis, the role of radiology in ECD has evolved with the understanding of the disease itself. Insights into the molecular pathogenesis and the development of targeted therapeutic agents along with approval of vemurafenib and cobimetinib have necessitated revision of the guidelines for the management of ECD. The authors discuss various radiologic findings of ECD and differential diagnoses by using an organ system-based approach and briefly describe the revised consensus recommendations for evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment based on the International Medical Symposia on ECD from a radiologist's perspective. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article. The full digital presentation is available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashant Aswani
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, 3882 John Pappajohn Pavilion, Iowa City, IA 52242 (Y.A., A.P., X.Z., S.K., S. Averill); Department of Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill (S. Ansari); Department of Radiology, Radiology Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (L.G.M.); Department of Neurology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India (N.A.); Department of Radiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (D.D.P.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (S.B.)
| | - Aditi Patel
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, 3882 John Pappajohn Pavilion, Iowa City, IA 52242 (Y.A., A.P., X.Z., S.K., S. Averill); Department of Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill (S. Ansari); Department of Radiology, Radiology Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (L.G.M.); Department of Neurology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India (N.A.); Department of Radiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (D.D.P.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (S.B.)
| | - Xin Zhan
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, 3882 John Pappajohn Pavilion, Iowa City, IA 52242 (Y.A., A.P., X.Z., S.K., S. Averill); Department of Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill (S. Ansari); Department of Radiology, Radiology Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (L.G.M.); Department of Neurology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India (N.A.); Department of Radiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (D.D.P.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (S.B.)
| | - Shehbaz Ansari
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, 3882 John Pappajohn Pavilion, Iowa City, IA 52242 (Y.A., A.P., X.Z., S.K., S. Averill); Department of Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill (S. Ansari); Department of Radiology, Radiology Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (L.G.M.); Department of Neurology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India (N.A.); Department of Radiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (D.D.P.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (S.B.)
| | - Leonardo Gomes Marcelino
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, 3882 John Pappajohn Pavilion, Iowa City, IA 52242 (Y.A., A.P., X.Z., S.K., S. Averill); Department of Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill (S. Ansari); Department of Radiology, Radiology Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (L.G.M.); Department of Neurology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India (N.A.); Department of Radiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (D.D.P.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (S.B.)
| | - Nishant Aswani
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, 3882 John Pappajohn Pavilion, Iowa City, IA 52242 (Y.A., A.P., X.Z., S.K., S. Averill); Department of Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill (S. Ansari); Department of Radiology, Radiology Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (L.G.M.); Department of Neurology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India (N.A.); Department of Radiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (D.D.P.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (S.B.)
| | - Dhrumil Deveshkumar Patel
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, 3882 John Pappajohn Pavilion, Iowa City, IA 52242 (Y.A., A.P., X.Z., S.K., S. Averill); Department of Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill (S. Ansari); Department of Radiology, Radiology Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (L.G.M.); Department of Neurology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India (N.A.); Department of Radiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (D.D.P.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (S.B.)
| | - Sedat Kandemirli
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, 3882 John Pappajohn Pavilion, Iowa City, IA 52242 (Y.A., A.P., X.Z., S.K., S. Averill); Department of Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill (S. Ansari); Department of Radiology, Radiology Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (L.G.M.); Department of Neurology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India (N.A.); Department of Radiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (D.D.P.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (S.B.)
| | - Sarah Averill
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, 3882 John Pappajohn Pavilion, Iowa City, IA 52242 (Y.A., A.P., X.Z., S.K., S. Averill); Department of Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill (S. Ansari); Department of Radiology, Radiology Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (L.G.M.); Department of Neurology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India (N.A.); Department of Radiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (D.D.P.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (S.B.)
| | - Shweta Bhatt
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, 3882 John Pappajohn Pavilion, Iowa City, IA 52242 (Y.A., A.P., X.Z., S.K., S. Averill); Department of Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill (S. Ansari); Department of Radiology, Radiology Institute of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (L.G.M.); Department of Neurology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India (N.A.); Department of Radiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (D.D.P.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (S.B.)
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Guo G, Zheng D, Wang X, Wang X. Erdheim-Chester Disease presenting with constrictive pericarditis: A case report and review of the literature. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:2590-2595. [PMID: 38645964 PMCID: PMC11026533 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) is a rare form of histiocytosis characterized by xanthomatous infiltration of affected organs. We present a case of a 62-year-old man with ECD initially presenting with constrictive pericarditis. Comprehensive imaging revealed systemic involvement, including the skeleton, orbit, pituitary, lung, kidney, and retroperitoneum, despite the absence of related symptoms. The diagnosis of ECD was eventually confirmed through histopathological evidence from a CT-guided biopsy. The patient responded well to interferon-α2b treatment, with gradual symptom amelioration and improvement in imaging and laboratory findings over a 5-month follow-up period. This case highlights the importance of considering ECD in the differential diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis and the utility of multimodal imaging for accurate diagnosis and management of this rare disease. The patient's positive response to treatment also highlights the potential for effective management of ECD, particularly with early diagnosis and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Danfeng Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research. Beijing, China
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Roset-Altadill A, Domenech-Ximenos B, Cañete N, Juanpere S, Rodriguez-Eyras L, Hidalgo A, Vargas D, Pineda V. Epicardial Space: Comprehensive Anatomy and Spectrum of Disease. Radiographics 2024; 44:e230160. [PMID: 38483831 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The epicardial space (ES) is the anatomic region located between the myocardium and the pericardium. This space includes the visceral pericardium and the epicardial fat that contains the epicardial coronary arteries, cardiac veins, lymphatic channels, and nerves. The epicardial fat represents the main component of the ES. This fat deposit has been a focus of research in recent years owing to its properties and relationship with coronary gossypiboma plaque and atrial fibrillation. Although this region is sometimes forgotten, a broad spectrum of lesions can be found in the ES and can be divided into neoplastic and nonneoplastic categories. Epicardial neoplastic lesions include lipoma, paraganglioma, metastases, angiosarcoma, and lymphoma. Epicardial nonneoplastic lesions encompass inflammatory infiltrative disorders, such as immunoglobulin G4-related disease and Erdheim-Chester disease, along with hydatidosis, abscesses, coronary abnormalities, pseudoaneurysms, hematoma, lipomatosis, and gossypiboma. Initial imaging of epicardial lesions may be performed with echocardiography, but CT and cardiac MRI are the best imaging modalities to help characterize epicardial lesions. Due to the nonspecific onset of signs and symptoms, the clinical history of a patient can play a crucial role in the diagnosis. A history of malignancy, multisystem diseases, prior trauma, myocardial infarction, or cardiac surgery can help narrow the differential diagnosis. The diagnostic approach to epicardial lesions should be made on the basis of the specific location, characteristic imaging features, and clinical background. ©RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria Roset-Altadill
- From the Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Av França S/N, 17007, Girona, Spain (A.R.A., N.C., S.J., A.H., V.P.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (B.D.X.); Department of Cardiology, Clinica Colon, Buenos Aires, Argentina (L.R.E.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo (D.V.)
| | - Blanca Domenech-Ximenos
- From the Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Av França S/N, 17007, Girona, Spain (A.R.A., N.C., S.J., A.H., V.P.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (B.D.X.); Department of Cardiology, Clinica Colon, Buenos Aires, Argentina (L.R.E.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo (D.V.)
| | - Noemi Cañete
- From the Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Av França S/N, 17007, Girona, Spain (A.R.A., N.C., S.J., A.H., V.P.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (B.D.X.); Department of Cardiology, Clinica Colon, Buenos Aires, Argentina (L.R.E.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo (D.V.)
| | - Sergi Juanpere
- From the Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Av França S/N, 17007, Girona, Spain (A.R.A., N.C., S.J., A.H., V.P.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (B.D.X.); Department of Cardiology, Clinica Colon, Buenos Aires, Argentina (L.R.E.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo (D.V.)
| | - Lucia Rodriguez-Eyras
- From the Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Av França S/N, 17007, Girona, Spain (A.R.A., N.C., S.J., A.H., V.P.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (B.D.X.); Department of Cardiology, Clinica Colon, Buenos Aires, Argentina (L.R.E.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo (D.V.)
| | - Alberto Hidalgo
- From the Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Av França S/N, 17007, Girona, Spain (A.R.A., N.C., S.J., A.H., V.P.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (B.D.X.); Department of Cardiology, Clinica Colon, Buenos Aires, Argentina (L.R.E.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo (D.V.)
| | - Daniel Vargas
- From the Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Av França S/N, 17007, Girona, Spain (A.R.A., N.C., S.J., A.H., V.P.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (B.D.X.); Department of Cardiology, Clinica Colon, Buenos Aires, Argentina (L.R.E.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo (D.V.)
| | - Victor Pineda
- From the Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Av França S/N, 17007, Girona, Spain (A.R.A., N.C., S.J., A.H., V.P.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (B.D.X.); Department of Cardiology, Clinica Colon, Buenos Aires, Argentina (L.R.E.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo (D.V.)
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Chiocchi M, Luciano A, De Stasio V, Pugliese L, Di Donna C, Cerocchi M, Gigliotti P, Carini A, Chirico F, Camedda R, Di Biagio D, Sbordone PF, Garaci F, Floris R. Radiological findings in Erdheim Chester disease: A very rare multisistemic disease. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:2047-2054. [PMID: 37006835 PMCID: PMC10060088 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Erdheim-Chester disease is an uncommon non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis affecting multiple systems. There is limited knowledge on the imaging capabilities of this disease. We present an extremely rare case of Erdheim-Chester illness in a 67-year-old man with multisystem involvement, including the cardiovascular system, skeleton, retroperitoneum (renal and adrenal infiltration) and the neurologic system. The involvement of the various organs was thoroughly assessed using multimodal imaging modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and bone scintigraphy. Erdheim-Chester illness was revealed by a bone biopsy. Especially when there is cardiac and cerebral involvement, Erdheim-Chester illness is a rare condition with a poor prognosis. Knowing the imaging characteristics of Erdheim-Chester disease may be helpful in understanding the radiological results of many organs affected by the disease as described and discussed in the current case report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Chiocchi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandra Luciano
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Vincenzo De Stasio
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Luca Pugliese
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Carlo Di Donna
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Martina Cerocchi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Paola Gigliotti
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carini
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Flavia Chirico
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Riccardo Camedda
- Department of Diagnostic Oncoematology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Biagio
- Department of Diagnostic Oncoematology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Paolo Francesco Sbordone
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Roberto Floris
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, Rome 00133, Italy
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Rafiee MJ, Taylor J, Hickeson M, Friedrich MG, Chetrit M. Pancreatic involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease: Rare presentation of a rare disease. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:1809-1820. [PMID: 36915608 PMCID: PMC10006724 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) as a rare non-Langerhans histiocytosis has various clinical manifestations. It is characterized histologically by infiltration of every organ, more commonly bone, retroperitoneum, cardiovascular and CNS systems with foamy, lipid -laden macrophage. Pancreatic involvement as a manifestation of this uncommon disease has very rarely been reported. Here we report a 73-year-old woman with ECD and pancreas involvement in CT, MRI and PET scans. We also aim to increase radiologist knowledge about considering ECD as a differential diagnosis for pancreas mass in the appropriate clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moezedin Javad Rafiee
- Department of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Blvd, Decarie, Montreal, Québec, H4A3J1 Canada
| | - Jana Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Blvd, Decarie, Montreal, Québec, H4A3J1, Canada
| | - Marc Hickeson
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Blvd, Decarie, Montreal, Québec, H4A3J1, Canada
| | - Matthias G Friedrich
- Department of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Blvd, Decarie, Montreal, Québec, H4A3J1 Canada
| | - Michael Chetrit
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Blvd, Decarie, Montreal, Québec, H4A3J1, Canada
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Palmisano A, Campochiaro C, Vignale D, Tomelleri A, De Luca G, Bruno E, Monti CB, Cavalli G, Dagna L, Esposito A. Cardiovascular involvement in Erdheim-Chester diseases is associated with myocardial fibrosis and atrial dysfunction. LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 2023; 128:456-466. [PMID: 36947276 PMCID: PMC10119040 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-023-01616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare multisystem histiocytosis, whose cardiovascular involvement has not been systematically characterized so far. We aimed to systematically (qualitatively and quantitatively) describe the features of cardiovascular involvement in a large cohort of ECD patients and to evaluate its impact on myocardial fibrosis extension and cardiac function. MATERIAL AND METHODS Among 54 patients with biopsy-proven ECD, 29 patients (59 ± 12 years, 79% males) underwent 1.5-T CMR using a standardized protocol for qualitative and quantitative assessment of disease localization, evaluation of atrial and ventricular function, and assessment of non-dense and dense myocardial fibrosis. RESULTS The right atrioventricular (AV) groove was the most commonly affected cardiac site (76%) followed by the right atrial walls (63%), thoracic aorta (59%), and superior vena cava (38%). Right AV groove involvement, encasing the right ventricular artery, was associated with non-dense myocardial fibrosis in the infero-septal (20/26 patients) and the inferior (14/26 patients) mid-basal left ventricular (LV) wall. In two patients with right AV groove localization, LGE revealed myocardial infarction in the same myocardial segments. Three out of five patients with left AV groove involvement had non-dense LGE on the lateral LV mid-basal wall. Bulky right atrial pseudomass was associated with atrial dysfunction and superior and inferior vena cava stenosis. CONCLUSIONS In ECD patients, AV groove localization is associated with LV wall fibrosis in the downstream coronary territories, suggesting hemodynamic alterations due to coronary encasement. Conversely, atrial pseudomass ECD localizations impact on atrial contractility causing atrial dysfunction and are associated with atrio-caval junction stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palmisano
- Clinical and Experimental Radiology Unit, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58 - 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Vignale
- Clinical and Experimental Radiology Unit, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58 - 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tomelleri
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Luca
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Bruno
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina B Monti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cavalli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Clinical and Experimental Radiology Unit, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58 - 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Surgical Appearance of Aortic Involvement in Erdheim-Chester Disease: A Report of Two Cases. COR ET VASA 2022. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2022.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tan AHS, Dhanda S, Jagmohan P, Singh P, Hallinan JTPD, Quek ST. Erdheim-Chester disease: Imaging spectrum of multisystemic manifestations. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2022. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunita Dhanda
- Global Diagnostics, Mandurah, Western Australia, Australia
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Latyshev VD, Mershina EА, Kostina IE, Sinitsyn VЕ, Lukina EA. Erdheim–Chester disease with cardiac involvement. Case report. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:897-902. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.07.201737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ErdheimChester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans histiocytosis with multisystem inflammatory infiltrates consistent of monocytes/macrophages, reactive microenvironment and fibrotic fields. Cardiovascular involvement is one of the most frequent manifestations of ECD that can lead to life threating complications. In this article we are reporting a clinical case of ECD with cardiac involvement in a young patient.
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Urbani A, Pensotti F, Castini D, Magnani S, Simeoli PS, Campochiaro C, Dagna L, Cappelletti AM, Sponzilli C, Guazzi M. Cardiac electrical instability in Erdheim-Chester disease: a case report. Oxf Med Case Reports 2022; 2022:omac071. [PMID: 35903613 PMCID: PMC9318901 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare multisystemic disorder of non-Langerhans histiocytic cells with a pleomorphic clinical presentation. It affects bones, skin, central nervous system, pituitary gland, ocular tissue, kidneys and perirenal tissue and lungs. Cardiac involvement presents usually with pericardial effusion and right atrial masses, but rarely with conduction system infiltration and subsequent arrhythmic events. Following the discovery of mutations of activating signaling kinase proteins (BRAF, MEK, ALK), the therapeutic landscape has changed to a more precise targeted treatment. Currently vemurafenib is approved for patient with end-organ dysfunction and BRAF-V600E mutation and the prognosis has dramatically improved. Here we present a case of ECD with electrical instability as main clinically relevant manifestation of cardiac involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Urbani
- Cardiology Department and Intensive Care Unit , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
- University of Milan , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pensotti
- Cardiology Department and Intensive Care Unit , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
- University of Milan , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Castini
- Cardiology Department and Intensive Care Unit , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
- University of Milan , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Magnani
- Cardiology Department and Intensive Care Unit , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
- University of Milan , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Simone Simeoli
- Cardiology Department and Intensive Care Unit , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
- University of Milan , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology , Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), , Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), , Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology , Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), , Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), , Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto M Cappelletti
- Department of Clinical Cardiology and Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Sponzilli
- Cardiology Department and Intensive Care Unit , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
- University of Milan , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Guazzi
- Cardiology Department and Intensive Care Unit , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
- University of Milan , San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, , Milan, Italy
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EL-Andari R, Baghaffar A, O’Connell A, Kang JJ, Deschenes J, George A, Moon MC. Pericardiectomy for Constrictive Pericarditis in a Young Patient With Erdheim-Chester Disease. JACC Case Rep 2022; 4:862-867. [PMID: 35912320 PMCID: PMC9334141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) is an extremely rare non-Langerhans histiocytosis that most often presents in the fifth to seventh decades of life. In this case report, we present a 34-year-old woman who underwent successful pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis secondary to ECD, which is the youngest reported patient with ECD to undergo pericardiectomy. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
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Rangankar V, Ajmera P, Agarwal N, Kalekar T, Yadav P, Suhas M. Erdheim–Chester disease: with neurological manifestation and multisystem involvement: case report and radiological review. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-021-00641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rarely encountered idiopathic systemic form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The clinical manifestations of ECD are highly heterogeneous, ranging from unifocal forms to life-threatening multisystem involvement. Patients with CNS involvement often do not show clinical remission.
Case presentation
We present a case of a 60-year-old male patient with worsening complaints of loss of balance, involuntary jerky movements, emotional lability and scanning speech developing over a period of 5 years. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain at present institute revealed signal abnormalities in the midbrain, pons, cerebellar peduncles and cerebellar white matter with mineral deposition and volume loss in the bilateral basal ganglia and midbrain. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography of chest and abdomen revealed 18-fluorodeoxyglucose avid soft tissues lesion in the retroperitoneum involving bilateral perinephric spaces with intra-renal sinus extension, in pre- and paraaortic regions with enlargement of both adrenal glands. The radiographs of the long bones revealed multiple areas of sclerosis. The suspected diagnosis of ECD was confirmed on histopathology. ECD is a rare disease and has a predilection towards middle-aged males and is usually diagnosed late after the onset of initial symptoms.
Conclusions
Our case was an atypical presentation of an extremely rare disease, presenting with ataxia and choreoathetoid movements linked to ferromagnetic deposition on brain scans. Multiple other imaging feature characteristics of the disease like the hairy kidney sign, coated aorta sign, skeletal, extra-skeletal and central nervous system manifestations were noted in this single patient.
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Kanakis M, Petrou P, Lourida G, Georgalas I. Erdheim-Chester disease: a comprehensive review from the ophthalmologic perspective. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:388-410. [PMID: 34081930 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare clonal histiocytic neoplasm with less than 1200 documented cases to date. The disease is life-threatening and difficult to recognize, although increasing awareness as well as the integration of clinical, imaging, pathology information , and genetic studies have led to a recent exponential increase in new reported cases. ECD affects multiple organs and systems, including skeletal, neurologic, and cardiovascular. Pulmonary, retroperitoneal, and cutaneous lesions have also been reported in various combinations. Until the discovery that more than half of ECD patients harbor the BRAF-V600E mutation or other mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and RAS pathways, Interferon-a was the first-line treatment. Nowadays BRAF and MEK-inhibitors targeted therapies are the mainstay of treatment. Ophthalmologic involvement occurs in 25% -30% of ECD cases, usually in the form of orbital involvement presenting with exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia. Other ophthalmologic manifestations include palpebral xanthelasmas, anterior uveitis and vitritis, optic disk edema, choroidal infiltration, recurrent serous retinal detachment, retinal drusen-like deposits and retinal pigment epithelial changes. ECD patients can also present with ocular symptoms as a result of adverse effects of the treatment regimens. In some cases with smoldering or protean symptoms, the emergence of eye manifestations triggered the diagnosis. Ophthalmologists have to be aware of the disease, recognize the constellation of ECD symptoms, and contribute to the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of ECD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petros Petrou
- G. Genimatas General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st University Eye Clinic, Athens, Greece
| | - Giota Lourida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Georgalas
- G. Genimatas General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st University Eye Clinic, Athens, Greece.
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Garg N, Lavi ES. Clinical and Neuroimaging Manifestations of Erdheim–Chester Disease: A Review. J Neuroimaging 2020; 31:35-44. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Garg
- Department of Neurology Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL
| | - Efrat Saraf Lavi
- Department of Radiology Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami Florida
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Abstract
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare but increasingly recognized multi-system disorder. Its diagnosis and treatment require integration of clinical information, imaging studies, and pathology studies. Of note, ECD can now be defined as a clonal myeloid disorder due to mutations which activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and where an inflammatory milieu is important in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the disease. Biopsy demonstrating characteristic histopathologic features in addition to clinical and radiographic features, most often sclerosing long bone involvement, is required to establish a diagnosis. Detection of somatic MAPK pathway mutations can also assist in the differential diagnosis of ECD and related histiocytic neoplasms. Also, genetic analysis establishing BRAF and RAS mutational status is critical in all ECD patients, as these features will impact therapy with MAPK inhibition. Therapy is recommended at diagnosis in all patients, except for those patients with minimally symptomatic disease. Prospective therapeutic trials are essential to furthering therapeutic progress in ECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Starkebaum
- University of Washington, Division of Rheumatology, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 356428, Seattle, WA, 98195-6428, USA.
| | - Paul Hendrie
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 358081, Seattle, WA, 98195-6428, USA.
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