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Milder CM, Borrego D, Preston DL, Villoing D, Kwon TE, Miller DL, Alexander BH, Linet MS, Lee C, Kitahara CM. Occupational Radiation Dose Trends in U.S. Radiologic Technologists Assisting with Fluoroscopically Guided Interventional Procedures, 1980-2020. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2024; 35:1057-1065.e4. [PMID: 38599279 PMCID: PMC11194154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2024.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarize dose trends from 1980 to 2020 for 19,651 U.S. Radiologic Technologists who reported assisting with fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures (FGIPs), overall and by work history characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 762,310 annual personal dose equivalents at a 10-mm reference depth (doses) during 1980-2020 for 43,823 participants of the U.S. Radiologic Technologists (USRT) cohort who responded to work history questionnaires administered during 2012-2014 were summarized. This population included 19,651 technologists who reported assisting with FGIP (≥1 time per month for ≥12 consecutive months) at any time during the study period. Doses corresponding to assistance with FGIP were estimated in terms of proximity to patients, monthly procedure frequency, and procedure type. Box plots and summary statistics (eg, medians and percentiles) were used to describe annual doses and dose trends. RESULTS Median annual dose corresponding to assistance with FGIP was 0.65 mSv (interquartile range [IQR], 0.60-1.40 mSv; 95th percentile, 6.80). Higher occupational doses with wider variability were associated with close proximity to patients during assistance with FGIP (median, 1.20 mSv [IQR, 0.60-4.18 mSv]; 95th percentile, 12.66), performing ≥20 FGIPs per month (median, 0.75 mSv [IQR, 0.60-2.40 mSv]; 95th percentile, 9.44), and assisting with high-dose FGIP (median, 0.70 mSv [IQR, 0.60-1.90 mSv]; 95th percentile, 8.30). CONCLUSIONS Occupational doses corresponding to assistance with FGIP were generally low but varied with exposure frequency, procedure type, and proximity to patients. These results highlight the need for vigilant dose monitoring, radiation safety training, and proper protective equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cato M Milder
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - David Borrego
- Center for Science and Technology, Radiation Protection Division, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C
| | | | | | - Tae-Eun Kwon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Donald L Miller
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Bruce H Alexander
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Martha S Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Choonsik Lee
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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Vanni JS, Thomazi E, Zorzi JE, Perottoni CA, Gamba TO. Determination of relative dose of ionizing radiation in the thyroid gland using a panoramic device with different protocols. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 38783546 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of panoramic radiography (PR) is a complementary examination to aid in the diagnosis of cases in paediatric dentistry. The lack of specific protocols for these devices, however, can result in high doses of radiation, affecting critical organs such as the thyroid. AIM To evaluate the discrepancies in ionizing radiation received by the thyroid during PR examinations using anthropomorphic paediatric simulators built from computed tomography images. DESIGN Two anthropomorphic paediatric phantoms were printed and used, representing children aged 6 and 11 years, with an opening in the thyroid region for the insertion of dosimetric radiographic films. The simulators were subjected to different pre-existing protocols in the PR devices. The radiographic films were processed and analysed using a luxmeter. RESULTS The radiation dose to the thyroid was higher in the 6-year-old phantom than in the 11-year-old phantom, for given exposure factors. In addition, there was an increase in dose in children's protocols compared with small adult protocols. CONCLUSION Therefore, companies that develop PR equipment must develop child protocols for separate age groups that will consequently reduce the radiation dose in children, especially in their critical organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Silvestre Vanni
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Thomazi
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGMAT), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Janete Eunice Zorzi
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGMAT), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Antônio Perottoni
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGMAT), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Oliveira Gamba
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Surgery and Orthopedics Department, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Patel R, Mcconaghie G, Webb J, Laing G, Philpott M, Roach R, Wagner W, Rhee SJ, Banerjee R. Five historical innovations that have shaped modern orthopaedic surgery. J Perioper Pract 2024; 34:84-92. [PMID: 37596805 DOI: 10.1177/17504589231179302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Throughout history, many innovations have contributed to the development of modern orthopaedic surgery, improving patient outcomes and expanding the range of treatment options available to patients. This article explores five key historical innovations that have shaped modern orthopaedic surgery: X-ray imaging, bone cement, the Thomas splint, the Pneumatic tourniquet and robotic-assisted surgery. We will review the development, impact and significance of each innovation, highlighting their contributions to the field of orthopaedic surgery and their ongoing relevance in contemporary and perioperative practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Patel
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Princess Royal Hospital, The Shrewsbury and Telford Trust, Telford, UK
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Greg Mcconaghie
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Jeremy Webb
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Georgina Laing
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Matthew Philpott
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Richard Roach
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Princess Royal Hospital, The Shrewsbury and Telford Trust, Telford, UK
| | - Wilhelm Wagner
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Princess Royal Hospital, The Shrewsbury and Telford Trust, Telford, UK
| | - Shin-Jae Rhee
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Princess Royal Hospital, The Shrewsbury and Telford Trust, Telford, UK
| | - Robin Banerjee
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
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4
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Watabe H, Sato T, Yu KN, Zivkovic M, Krstic D, Nikezic D, Kim KM, Yamaya T, Kawachi N, Tanaka H, Haque AKF, Islam MR, Shahmohammadi Beni M. Development of DynamicMC for PHITS Monte Carlo package. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:130-142. [PMID: 37961917 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have developed DynamicMC for modeling relative movement of Oak Ridge National Laboratory phantom in a radiation field for the Monte Carlo N-Particle package (Health Physics. 2023,124(4):301-309). Using this software, three-dimensional dose distributions in a phantom irradiated by a certain mono-energetic (Mono E) source can be deduced through its graphical user interface. In this study, we extended DynamicMC to be used in combination with the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) by providing it with a higher flexibility for dynamic movement for an anthropomorphic phantom. For this purpose, we implemented four new functions into the software, which are (1) to generate not only Mono E sources but also those having an energy spectrum of an arbitrary radioisotope (2) to calculate the absorbed doses for several radiologically important organs (3) to automatically average the calculated absorbed doses along the path of the phantom and (4) to generate user-defined slab shielding materials. The first and third items utilize the PHITS-specific modalities named radioisotope-source and sumtally functions, respectively. The computational cost and complexity can be dramatically reduced with these features. We anticipate that the present work and the developed open-source tools will be in the interest of nuclear radiation physics community for research and teaching purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watabe
- Division of Radiation Protection and Safety Control, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Sato
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Kwan Ngok Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Milena Zivkovic
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovica 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Krstic
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovica 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragoslav Nikezic
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovica 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadzica 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Kyeong Min Kim
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - Taiga Yamaya
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawachi
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370 1292, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - A K F Haque
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - M Rafiqul Islam
- Institute of Nuclear Medical Physics, AERE, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Mehrdad Shahmohammadi Beni
- Division of Radiation Protection and Safety Control, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Kang H, Kim SC, Oh Y. Fucoxanthin Abrogates Ionizing Radiation-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Modulating Sirtuin 1 in Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:635. [PMID: 38132956 PMCID: PMC10744970 DOI: 10.3390/md21120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) triggers an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupting the normal function of both immune and metabolic systems, leading to inflammation and metabolic disturbances. To address the pressing requirement for protection against IR, fucoxanthin (FX), a naturally occurring compound extracted from algae, was utilized as an efficient radioprotective agent in macrophages. In this study, we cultured murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and treated them with FX, along with agents influencing the activity of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and estrogen receptor α (ERα), to investigate their impact on IR-induced cellular responses. FX significantly attenuated IR-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (Il1b, Tnf, and Ccl2) and inhibited macrophage polarization toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. Additionally, FX regulated IR-induced metabolic genes mediating glycolysis and mitochondrial biogenesis. The ability of FX to mitigate IR-induced inflammation and glycolysis was ascribed to the expression and activity of SIRT1 and ERα in macrophages. This study not only uncovers the underlying mechanisms of FX's radioprotective properties but also highlights its potential as a protective agent against the detrimental effects of IR, thus offering new opportunities for enhancing radiation protection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-Daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seon-Chil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-Daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-Daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkee Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-Daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
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Lopes J, Baudin C, Feuardent J, Roy H, Caër-Lorho S, Leuraud K, Bernier MO. Cohort profile: ORICAMs, a French cohort of medical workers exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286910. [PMID: 37289793 PMCID: PMC10249798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical personnel represent the largest group of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Although the health risks associated with occupational exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation in the medical field have been investigated in several national cohorts, no study has been conducted in France to date. The ORICAMs (Occupational Radiation Induced Cancer in Medical staff) cohort is a nationwide French longitudinal cohort of medical workers exposed to ionizing radiation aiming to investigate the risk of radiation-associated cancer and non-cancer mortality. The ORICAMs cohort was set up in 2011 and includes all medical personnel monitored for ionizing radiation exposure with at least one dosimetric record in the SISERI database (the national registry for monitoring ionizing radiation exposure in workers) over the period 2002-2012. Causes of death were abstracted from death certificates and coded according to ICD-10. The follow-up ended on 31/12/2013. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated by cause of death to compare the mortality in the cohort to that in the French population, by gender, age group and calendar period. Among the 164,015 workers included in the cohort (60% women) a total of 1,358 deaths (892 in male and 466 in female) were reported. The observed number of all-cause deaths was significantly lower than expected based on national rates in both male (SMR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.38; ndeaths = 892) and female (SMR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.45; ndeaths = 466). This analysis leads to the conclusion that mortality in French workers exposed to medical radiation is significantly lower than the national reference rates. However, these results based on a comparative analysis with national rates may be impacted by the healthy worker effect towards low SMRs, and do not enable to establish a potential relationship between occupational exposure and mortality risk, even if we may suspect an impact of high SES of these professionals on the observed decreased mortality. Thus, further dose-response analyses based on individual ionizing radiation exposure and job's type will be conducted to characterize correlation between risk of cancer mortality and occupational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lopes
- Laboratory of Epidemiology (LEPID), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Clémence Baudin
- Laboratory of Epidemiology (LEPID), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Juliette Feuardent
- Office for the Analysis and Monitoring of Occupational Exposure (BASEP), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Hervé Roy
- Office for the Analysis and Monitoring of Occupational Exposure (BASEP), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sylvaine Caër-Lorho
- Laboratory of Epidemiology (LEPID), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Klervi Leuraud
- Laboratory of Epidemiology (LEPID), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Odile Bernier
- Laboratory of Epidemiology (LEPID), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Yu KN, Watabe H, Zivkovic M, Krstic D, Nikezic D, Kim KM, Yamaya T, Kawachi N, Tanaka H, Haque A, Shahmohammadi Beni M. DynamicMC: An Open-source GUI Program Coupled with MCNP for Modeling Relative Dynamic Movement of Radioactive Source and ORNL Phantom in a 3-dimensional Radiation Field. HEALTH PHYSICS 2023; 124:301-309. [PMID: 36728190 PMCID: PMC9940830 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present work introduces an open-source graphical user interface (GUI) computer program called DynamicMC. The present program has the ability to generate ORNL phantom input script for the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) package. The relative dynamic movement of the radiation source with respect to the ORNL phantom can be modeled, which essentially resembles the dynamic movement of source-to-target (i.e., human phantom) distance in a 3-dimensional radiation field. The present program makes the organ-based dosimetry of the human body much easier, as users are not required to write lengthy scripts or deal with any programming that many may find tedious, time consuming, and error prone. In this paper, we have demonstrated that the present program can successfully model simple and complex relative dynamic movements (i.e., those involving rotation of source and human phantom in a 3-dimensional field). The present program would be useful for organ-based dosimetry and could also be used as a tool for teaching nuclear radiation physics and its interaction with the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Ngok Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiroshi Watabe
- Division of Radiation Protection and Safety Control, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | | | | | - Dragoslav Nikezic
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
- State University of Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Kyeong Min Kim
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taiga Yamaya
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawachi
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - A.K.F. Haque
- Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mehrdad Shahmohammadi Beni
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Radiation Protection and Safety Control, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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Boice JD, Cohen SS, Mumma MT, Howard SC, Yoder RC, Dauer LT. Mortality among medical radiation workers in the United States, 1965-2016. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:183-207. [PMID: 34731066 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1967508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of radiation risks following prolonged exposures at low doses and low-dose rates are uncertain. Medical radiation workers are a major component of the Million Person Study (MPS) of low-dose health effects. Annual personal dose equivalents, HP(10), for individual workers are available to facilitate dose-response analyses for lung cancer, leukemia, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and other causes of death. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Landauer, Inc. dosimetry database identified 109,019 medical and associated radiation workers first monitored 1965-1994. Vital status and cause of death were determined through 2016. Mean absorbed doses to red bone marrow (RBM), lung, heart, and other organs were estimated by adjusting the recorded HP(10) for each worker by scaling factors, accounting for exposure geometry, the energy of the incident photon radiation, sex of the worker and whether an apron was worn. There were 4 exposure scenarios: general radiology characterized by low-energy x-ray exposure with no lead apron use, interventional radiologists/cardiologists who wore aprons, nuclear medicine personnel and radiation oncologists exposed to high-energy photon radiation, and other workers. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) analyses were performed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate organ-specific radiation risks. RESULTS Overall, 11,433 deaths occurred (SMR 0.60; 95%CI 0.59,0.61), 126 from leukemia other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 850 from lung cancer, and 1654 from IHD. The mean duration of monitoring was 23.7 y. The excess relative rate (ERR) per 100 mGy was estimated as 0.10 (95% CI -0.34, 0.54) for leukemia other than CLL, 0.15 (0.02, 0.27) for lung cancer, and -0.10 (-0.27, 0.06) for IHD. The ERR for lung cancer was 0.16 (0.01, 0.32) among the 55,218 male workers and 0.09 (-0.19, 0.36) among the 53,801 female workers; a difference that was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS Medical radiation workers were at increased risk for lung cancer that was higher among men than women, although this difference was not statistically significant. In contrast, the study of Japanese atomic bomb survivors exposed briefly to radiation in 1945 found females to be nearly 3 times the radiation risk of lung cancer compared with males on a relative scale. For medical workers, there were no statistically significant radiation associations with leukemia excluding CLL, IHD or other specific causes of death. Combining these data with other cohorts within the MPS, such as nuclear power plant workers and nuclear submariners, will enable more precise estimates of radiation risks at relatively low cumulative doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Boice
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Michael T Mumma
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sara C Howard
- ORISE Health Studies Program, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Lawrence T Dauer
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
The benefit of radiation is immense in the field of gastroenterology. Radiation is used daily in different gastrointestinal imaging and diagnostic and therapeutic interventional procedures. Radiotherapy is one of the primary modalities of treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. There are various modalities of radiotherapy. Radiotherapy can injure malignant cells by directly damaging DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids and indirectly by forming free radicals. External beam radiation, internal beam radiation and radio-isotope therapy are the major ways of delivering radiation to the malignant tissue. Radiation can also cause inflammation, fibrosis, organ dysfunction, and malignancy. Patients with repeated exposure to radiation for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic procedures are at slightly increased risk of malignancy. Gastrointestinal endoscopists performing fluoroscopy-guided procedures are also at increased risk of malignancy and cataract formation. The radiological protection society recommends certain preventive and protective measures to avoid side effects of radiation. Gastrointestinal complications related to radiation therapy for oncologic processes, and exposure risks for patients and health care providers involved in diagnostic or therapeutic imaging will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monjur Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA,Corresponding Author: Monjur Ahmed, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Razin Ahmed
- California Cancer Associates for Research and Excellence, Fresno, CA, USA
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10
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Kadlcikova D, Musilova P, Hradska H, Vozdova M, Petrovova M, Svoboda M, Rubes J. Chromosomal damage in occupationally exposed health professionals assessed by two cytogenetic methods. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2022; 78:158-169. [PMID: 36073861 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2022.2118213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed occupationally induced chromosomal damage in hospital personnel at risk of exposure to antineoplastic drugs and/or low doses of ionizing radiation by two cytogenetic methods. Cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes of eighty-five hospital workers were examined twice over 2 to 3 years by classical chromosomal aberration analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The comparison of the 1st and the 2nd sampling of hospital workers showed a significant increase in chromatid and chromosomal aberrations (all p < .05) examined by classical chromosomal aberration analysis, and in unstable aberrations (all p < .05) detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Both cytogenetic methods were able to detect an increase of unstable aberrations in the 2nd sampling. The raised frequency of unstable cytogenetic parameters suggested higher recent exposure to genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Kadlcikova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Musilova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hradska
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Petrovova
- Clinic of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Clinic of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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11
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Shi HM, Sun ZC, Ju FH. Understanding the harm of low‑dose computed tomography radiation to the body (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:534. [PMID: 35911849 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Min Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Chao Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fang-He Ju
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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12
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Assessment of extremity occupational exposure at a nuclear medicine department. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Karakatsanis NA, Arleo EK. Dr. Edith H. Quimby: A pioneering medical physicist and educator with outstanding contributions in radiation dosimetry. Clin Imaging 2021; 81:118-121. [PMID: 34700174 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth K Arleo
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States of America
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14
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Lopes SI, Nunes LJR, Curado A. Designing an Indoor Radon Risk Exposure Indicator (IRREI): An Evaluation Tool for Risk Management and Communication in the IoT Age. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7907. [PMID: 34360202 PMCID: PMC8345734 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The explosive data growth in the current information age requires consistent new methodologies harmonized with the new IoT era for data analysis in a space-time context. Moreover, intuitive data visualization is a central feature in exploring, interpreting, and extracting specific insights for subsequent numerical data representation. This integrated process is normally based on the definition of relevant metrics and specific performance indicators, both computed upon continuous real-time data, considering the specificities of a particular application case for data validation. This article presents an IoT-oriented evaluation tool for Radon Risk Management (RRM), based on the design of a simple and intuitive Indoor Radon Risk Exposure Indicator (IRREI), specifically tailored to be used as a decision-making aid tool for building owners, building designers, and buildings managers, or simply as an alert flag for the problem awareness of ordinary citizens. The proposed methodology was designed for graphic representation aligned with the requirements of the current IoT age, i.e., the methodology is robust enough for continuous data collection with specific Spatio-temporal attributes and, therefore, a set of adequate Radon risk-related metrics can be extracted and proposed. Metrics are summarized considering the application case, taken as a case study for data validation, by including relevant variables to frame the study, such as the regulatory International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) dosimetric limits, building occupancy (spatial dimension), and occupants' exposure periods (temporal dimension). This work has the following main contributions: (1) providing a historical perspective regarding RRM indicator evolution along time; (2) outlining both the formulation and the validation of the proposed IRREI indicator; (3) implementing an IoT-oriented methodology for an RRM indicator; and (4) a discussion on Radon risk public perception, undertaken based on the results obtained after assessment of the IRREI indicator by applying a screening questionnaire with a total of 873 valid answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Ivan Lopes
- ADiT-Lab, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua da Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Alvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- IT—Instituto de Telecomunicações, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Leonel J. R. Nunes
- PROMETHEUS, Unidade de Investigação em Materiais, Energia e Ambiente para a Sustentabilidade, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua da Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Alvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
| | - António Curado
- PROMETHEUS, Unidade de Investigação em Materiais, Energia e Ambiente para a Sustentabilidade, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua da Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Alvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
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15
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Mettler FA, Guiberteau MJ. Occupational Exposure in General Radiology and Nuclear Medicine: A Changing Target. Radiology 2021; 300:613-614. [PMID: 34156304 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021211104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred A Mettler
- From the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 2211 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 (F.A.M.); and 619 Northumberland Rd, Austin, Tex (M.J.G.)
| | - Milton J Guiberteau
- From the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 2211 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 (F.A.M.); and 619 Northumberland Rd, Austin, Tex (M.J.G.)
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16
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Jackson SA, Prise KM. 125 years of BJR and radiological research: reflecting on the anniversary series in celebration of the world's oldest radiology journal. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:bjr20219001. [PMID: 33305997 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20219001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Jackson
- Peninsula Radiology Academy, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Patrick G, Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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17
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Malone J. X-rays for medical imaging: Radiation protection, governance and ethics over 125 years. Phys Med 2020; 79:47-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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