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de Groot DMG, Linders L, Kayser R, Nederlof R, de Esch C, Slieker RC, Kuper CF, Wolterbeek A, de Groot VJ, Veltien A, Heerschap A, van Waarde A, Dierckx RAJO, de Vries EFJ. Perinatal exposure to the immune-suppressant di-n-octyltin dichloride affects brain development in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:283-299. [PMID: 37946400 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2281610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the immune system during embryonic brain development by environmental chemicals was proposed as a possible cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. We previously found adverse effects of di-n-octyltin dichloride (DOTC) on maternal and developing immune systems of rats in an extended one-generation reproductive toxicity study according to the OECD 443 test guideline. We hypothesize that the DOTC-induced changes in the immune system can affect neurodevelopment. Therefore, we used in-vivo MRI and PET imaging and genomics, in addition to behavioral testing and neuropathology as proposed in OECD test guideline 443, to investigate the effect of DOTC on structural and functional brain development. Male rats were exposed to DOTC (0, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg of diet) from 2 weeks prior to mating of the F0-generation until sacrifice of F1-animals. The brains of rats, exposed to DOTC showed a transiently enlarged volume of specific brain regions (MRI), altered specific gravity, and transient hyper-metabolism ([18F]FDG PET). The alterations in brain development concurred with hyper-responsiveness in auditory startle response and slight hyperactivity in young adult animals. Genomics identified altered transcription of key regulators involved in neurodevelopment and neural function (e.g. Nrgrn, Shank3, Igf1r, Cck, Apba2, Foxp2); and regulators involved in cell size, cell proliferation, and organ development, especially immune system development and functioning (e.g. LOC679869, Itga11, Arhgap5, Cd47, Dlg1, Gas6, Cml5, Mef2c). The results suggest the involvement of immunotoxicity in the impairment of the nervous system by DOTC and support the hypothesis of a close connection between the immune and nervous systems in brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didima M G de Groot
- Department of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research (as part of TNO Quality of Life), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Louisa Linders
- Department of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research (as part of TNO Quality of Life), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier Kayser
- Department of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research (as part of TNO Quality of Life), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Nederlof
- Department of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research (as part of TNO Quality of Life), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Celine de Esch
- Department of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research (as part of TNO Quality of Life), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research (as part of TNO Quality of Life), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - C Frieke Kuper
- Department of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research (as part of TNO Quality of Life), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Andre Wolterbeek
- Department of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research (as part of TNO Quality of Life), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - V Jeroen de Groot
- Department of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research (as part of TNO Quality of Life), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Andor Veltien
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Yin K, Whitaker L, Hojo E, McLenachan S, Walker J, McKillop G, Stubbs C, Priest L, Cruz M, Roberts N, Critchley H. Measurement of changes in uterine and fibroid volume during treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). Hum Reprod Open 2023; 2023:hoad021. [PMID: 37304815 PMCID: PMC10247393 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does application of an unbiased method for analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) images reveal any effect on uterine or fibroid volume from treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) with three 12-week courses of the selective progesterone receptor modulator ulipristal acetate (SPRM-UPA)? SUMMARY ANSWER Application of an unbiased method for analysis of MR images showed that treatment of HMB with SPRM-UPA was not associated with a significant reduction in the volume of the uterus or in the volume of uterine fibroids. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY SPRM-UPA shows therapeutic efficacy for treating HMB. However, the mechanism of action (MoA) is not well understood and there have been mixed reports, using potentially biased methodology, regarding whether SPRM-UPA has an effect on the volume of the uterus and fibroids. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION In a prospective clinical study (with no comparator), 19 women with HMB were treated over a period of 12 months with SPRM-UPA and uterine and fibroid size were assessed with high resolution structural MRI and stereology. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS A cohort of 19 women aged 38-52 years (8 with and 11 without fibroids) were treated with three 12-week courses of 5 mg SPRM-UPA given daily, with four weeks off medication in-between treatment courses. Unbiased estimates of the volume of uterus and total volume of fibroids were obtained at baseline, and after 6 and 12 months of treatment, by using the Cavalieri method of modern design-based stereology in combination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Bland-Altman plots showed good intra-rater repeatability and good inter-rater reproducibility for measurement of the volume of both fibroids and the uterus. For the total patient cohort, two-way ANOVA did not show a significant reduction in the volume of the uterus after two or three treatment courses of SPRM-UPA (P = 0.51), which was also the case when the groups of women with and without fibroids were considered separately (P = 0.63). One-way ANOVA did not show a significant reduction in total fibroid volume in the eight patients with fibroids (P = 0.17). LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION The study has been performed in a relatively small cohort of women and simulations that have subsequently been performed using the acquired data have shown that for three time points and a group size of up to 50, with alpha (Type I Error) and beta (Type II Error) set to 95% significance and 80% power, respectively, at least 35 patients would need to be recruited in order for the null hypothesis (that there is no significant reduction in total fibroid volume) to be potentially rejected. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The imaging protocol that we have developed represents a generic paradigm for measuring the volume of the uterus and uterine fibroids that can be readily incorporated in future studies of medical treatments of HMB. In the present study, SPRM-UPA failed to produce a significant reduction in the volume of the uterus or the total volume of fibroids (which were present in approximately half of the patients) after either two or three 12-week courses of treatment. This finding represents a new insight in respect of the management of HMB using treatment strategies that target hormone-dependence. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The UPA Versus Conventional Management of HMB (UCON) trial was funded by the EME Programme (Medical Research Council (MRC) and National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR)) (12/206/52). The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research, or Department of Health and Social Care.Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre grants to the Centre for Reproductive Health (CRH) (G1002033 and MR/N022556/1) are also gratefully acknowledged. H.C. has clinical research support for laboratory consumables and staff from Bayer AG and provides consultancy advice (All paid to Institution) for Bayer AG, PregLem SA, Gedeon Richter, Vifor Pharma UK Ltd, AbbVie Inc., and Myovant Sciences GmbH. H.C. has received royalties from UpToDate for an article on abnormal uterine bleeding. L.W. has received grant funding from Roche Diagnostics (Paid to Institution). All other authors have no conflicts to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The study reported here is an embedded mechanism of action study (no comparator) within the UCON clinical trial (registration ISRCTN: 20426843).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yin
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Whitaker
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E Hojo
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S McLenachan
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Walker
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G McKillop
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Stubbs
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Priest
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Cruz
- Departamento de Matemáticas Estadística y Computación, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - N Roberts
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H Critchley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Massoud D, Abumandour M, Hamdi H, Morsy K, El-Kott AF, Attaallah A, Shalaby FM. Microscopic anatomy of the oesophagus in the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) a histochemical, stereological, and scanning electron microscope study. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:318-326. [PMID: 36398657 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present work was designed to investigate the microscopic structure of the oesophagus in the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) using histochemical staining, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and stereological procedures. Four adult males were included in our study. Serial sections of the entire length of the oesophagus were stained with aldehyde fuchsin, alcian blue (pH 2.5), Periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and Masson's trichrome. Then, the total volume of the oesophagus, and the total volume of its different layers, were estimated using Cavalieri's principle. The oesophageal epithelium was a non-keratinized stratified squamous type. Muscularis mucosa was present as a thick layer between lamina propria and submucosa and its thickness was increased toward the stomach. Tunica submucosa was a loose connective tissue containing an oesophageal gland with PAS-positive and AB-positive reactions throughout the submucosa and become denser toward the stomach. The tunica muscularis consisted of two distinct striated muscle layers, and its thickness was decreased toward the stomach. On SEM images, the cervical and thoracic oesophagus showed shallow folding, while the abdominal part had deeper folds. The present findings indicate that the histological properties of the oesophagus in southern white-breasted hedgehogs have slight similarities with rodents and considering its epithelium, submucosal glands and tunica muscularis more resemble with dog oesophagus. The obtained results may be quite helpful to improve the current knowledge of the histophysiology of the hedgehog gastrointestinal tract as a member of eulipotyplan mammals and as a pet for biologists and veterinarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaa Massoud
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abumandour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hamida Hamdi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kareem Morsy
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Amany Attaallah
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohsen Shalaby
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Warille AA, Kocaman A, Elamin AA, Mohamed H, Elhaj AE, Altunkaynak BZ. Applications of various stereological tools for estimation of biological tissues. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:127-134. [PMID: 36562319 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To provide concise and brief important stereological application methods and techniques for estimating biological tissues. Stereology studies the quantity of biological tissue using little practice and the low price of counting and preparing tissue slices to obtain direct and accurate results. Since their establishment, the stereological techniques underwent much improvement, thus allowing more precise analysis of target structures using various approaches. Using stereological tools, advances in stereological techniques made the target tissues or organs represented by 2D instead of 3D dimensions. Process tools estimate volume, area and length. According to the exciting tissue and aims, the stereological tools perform differently. This review summarizes various stereological tools and techniques, providing brief information about the orientation method, slicer probe method, Delesse's principle, Cavalieri principle, disector, fractionator, nucleator, virtual cycloids and saucer, which are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen A Warille
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Adem Kocaman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdalla A Elamin
- Department of Anatomy, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamza Mohamed
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubaker El Elhaj
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Kamaşak B, Ulcay T, Küçük A, Karaman ZF, İpekten F, Öktem İS, Aycan K. A new supportive approach in the diagnosis of Chiari malformation type 1 in pediatric patients. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:1581-1587. [PMID: 36635375 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-05833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chiari malformation type 1 (CM-1) is a posterior fossa anomaly characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils from the foramen magnum (FM). This study compares FM, medulla spinalis (MS), and herniated cerebellar tonsils ratios by making area measurements from axial plane MRI in CM-1 patients and the control group. METHODS Our study evaluated 30 pediatric patients with CM-1 and 30 people in the control group. The lengths of the McRae line, twining line, and clivus line were measured on the posterior cranial fossa evaluation. The areas of FM (AFM), MS (AMS), and herniated cerebellar tonsils (ATONSILS) were measured by axial images. RESULTS As a result of area measurements obtained from axial cross-sectional MRI, a statistically significant difference was found between CM-1 patients and the control group. According to the results of the ROC analysis, if an individual's AMS/AFM value is above 17.9% or the ATONSILS/AFM value is above 18.4%, it can be interpreted as a CM-1 patient. CONCLUSION It will be easier to diagnose the patient with the new approach we obtained from axial MR images in addition to sagittal MR images. This method can be a guide in some cases when the surgeons are undecided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Kamaşak
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey.
| | - Tufan Ulcay
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Küçük
- Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zehra Filiz Karaman
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Funda İpekten
- Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Suat Öktem
- Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kenan Aycan
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Zidan M, Elgyoum A, Hassan H, Abdelrahman O. Estimation of Spleen Volume Using MRI Segmentation: Would One Slice Be Enough? Cureus 2022; 14:e32165. [PMID: 36601193 PMCID: PMC9806286 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish spleen volume in adult Sudanese using manual segmentation and the Cavalieri method with magnetic resonance images (MRI). A total of 345 abdominal MRI scans for adults were retrospectively studied for patients who underwent abdomen MRI between September to October 2016. The data were collected from two scanning centers in Khartoum, Sudan. For each series of sectional images, the spleen was manually segmented, and the volume was calculated using matrix laboratory (MATLAB) code. Furthermore, abdominal circumferences and diameters, in addition to L1 body dimension and spinal canal, were measured. The mean splenic volume in our study was 187.2 cm3, without a significant change with age (P = 0.269). The average volume in males was 223.5 cm3 while in females it was 170.27 cm3. The average coefficient error (CE) was 0.029. A positive significant correlation was found between the volume and spleen length (beta standardized coefficient = 0.781, P < 0.05). The mean length was 9.18 cm. Additionally, our data showed an insignificant correlation between the volume and the other measurements, except for the abdomen transverse diameter (beta standardized coefficient = 0.267, P < 0.05). The results of our study coincided with previous studies in the normal range of spleen volume and the strong correlation with length, regardless of the irregular shape of the spleen. In addition, manual segmentation was a reliable method to measure spleen volume objectively. However, our single-slice measurements were insufficient.
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Kim Y, Tao C, Kim H, Oh GY, Ko J, Bae KT. A Deep Learning Approach for Automated Segmentation of Kidneys and Exophytic Cysts in Individuals with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1581-1589. [PMID: 35768178 PMCID: PMC9342631 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total kidney volume (TKV) is an important imaging biomarker in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Manual computation of TKV, particularly with the exclusion of exophytic cysts, is laborious and time consuming. METHODS We developed a fully automated segmentation method for TKV using a deep learning network to selectively segment kidney regions while excluding exophytic cysts. We used abdominal T2 -weighted magnetic resonance images from 210 individuals with ADPKD who were divided into two groups: one group of 157 to train the network and a second group of 53 to test it. With a 3D U-Net architecture using dataset fingerprints, the network was trained by K-fold cross-validation, in that 80% of 157 cases were for training and the remaining 20% were for validation. We used Dice similarity coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman analysis to assess the performance of the automated segmentation method compared with the manual method. RESULTS The automated and manual reference methods exhibited excellent geometric concordance (Dice similarity coefficient: mean±SD, 0.962±0.018) on the test datasets, with kidney volumes ranging from 178.9 to 2776.0 ml (mean±SD, 1058.5±706.8 ml) and exophytic cysts ranging from 113.4 to 2497.6 ml (mean±SD, 549.0±559.1 ml). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.9994 (95% confidence interval, 0.9991 to 0.9996; P<0.001) with a minimum bias of -2.424 ml (95% limits of agreement, -49.80 to 44.95). CONCLUSIONS We developed a fully automated segmentation method to measure TKV that excludes exophytic cysts and has an accuracy similar to that of a human expert. This technique may be useful in clinical studies that require automated computation of TKV to evaluate progression of ADPKD and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Kim
- Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Tao
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hyungchan Kim
- Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Yoon Oh
- Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongbeom Ko
- Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyongtae T Bae
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania .,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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Kurian DE, V R, Horo S, Chacko AG, Prabhu K, Mahasampath G, Korah S. Predictive value of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness for postoperative visual improvement in patients with pituitary macroadenoma. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022; 7:bmjophth-2021-000964. [PMID: 36161840 PMCID: PMC9263901 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the usefulness of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and a reliable cut-off value that can predict postoperative visual function improvement in patients with pituitary macroadenoma. Methods and Analysis This was a prospective observational study. Preoperative optical coherence tomography of the RNFL was performed in patients with pituitary macroadenoma. Postoperative visual function changes (acuity and visual fields) were identified using predefined criteria. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed for RNFL values to define the ideal cut-off value that predicted improvement. Other variables including preoperative visual acuity, mean deviation, visual field index and tumour volume were also analysed. Results Twenty-nine eligible subjects (58 eyes) were recruited. The mean (±SD) age was 43.9 (±12.85) years and 65.5% were male. The mean (±SE) follow-up duration was 20.8 (±6.42) months. RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in eyes with visual dysfunction and optic disc pallor. Better preoperative logarithmic minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity, higher RNFL thickness and smaller tumour volume were associated with postoperative visual field improvement on univariate analysis; however, only mean RNFL thickness had significant association on multivariate analysis. None of the preoperative variables showed significant association with improvement in visual acuity. The best cut-off of mean RNFL thickness for visual field improvement was estimated at 81 μm with 73.1% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity. Conclusion Preoperative RNFL thickness can be an objective predictor of visual field outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for pituitary macroadenomas, with moderate sensitivity and specificity. It is, however, not a good predictor of visual acuity outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajshekhar V
- Department of Neurological Sciences, CMC Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saban Horo
- Ophthalmology, CMC Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ari G Chacko
- Department of Neurological Sciences, CMC Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Prabhu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, CMC Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sanita Korah
- Ophthalmology, CMC Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Masoudifard M, Zehtabvar O, Modarres SH, Pariz F, Tohidifar M. CT anatomy of the head in the Ile de France sheep. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1694-1708. [PMID: 35639620 PMCID: PMC9297795 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CT scan images provide accurate anatomical data from different areas of the body that can be used to diagnose diseases. Objectives The present work aimed to describe the normal anatomical structures of the Ile de France sheep head and its morphometric and volumetric properties using computed tomography (CT) and stereological methods. Methods Five adult Ile de France sheep heads, which were of mature age (above 10 months), were included in this study. The different cavities of the head, including the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, orbital cavity and vestibulocochlear system, were evaluated using CT scans, cross, sagittal and coronal sections. Results The mean length, height and width of the skull were 25.3 ± 1.02, 9.8 ± 0.93 and 12.3 ± 0.91 cm, respectively. The results showed that the nasal cavity is divided into three regions. Vestibular, respiratory and olfactory regions. The paranasal sinuses are composed of maxillary, frontal, palatine, sphenoid, lacrimal and ethmoidal that were identified and named in the CT scan images and their corresponding anatomical cross‐sections. The total volume of the head, nasal cavity and oral cavity was estimated to be 2998 ± 202.00, 303 ± 31.33 and 229.3 ± 10.61 cm3, respectively. Conclusions The frontal sinus in the Ile de France sheep was limited to the frontal bone without extending into the parietal, temporal, or occipital bones, similar to Saanen goat. This study provided a comprehensive atlas of Ile de France sheep anatomy to internal medicine veterinarians and surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Masoudifard
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Zehtabvar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fateme Pariz
- DVM Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tohidifar
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Jeffery NS, Humphreys C, Manson A. A human craniofacial life-course: Cross-sectional morphological covariations during postnatal growth, adolescence, and aging. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:81-99. [PMID: 34369671 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Covariations between anatomical structures are fundamental to craniofacial ontogeny, maturation, and aging and yet are rarely studied in such a cognate fashion. Here, we offer a comprehensive investigation of the human craniofacial complex using freely available software and MRI datasets representing 575 individuals from 0 to 79 years old. We employ both standard craniometrics methods as well as Procrustes-based analyses to capture and document cross-sectional trends. Findings suggest that anatomical structures behave primarily as modules, and manifest integrated patterns of shape change as they compete for space, particularly with relative expansions of the brain during early postnatal life and of the face during puberty. Sexual dimorphism was detected in infancy and intensified during adolescence with gender differences in the magnitude and pattern of morphological covariation as well as of aging. These findings partly support the spatial-packing hypothesis and reveal important insights into phenotypic adjustments to deep-rooted, and presumably genetically defined, trajectories of morphological size and shape change that characterize the normal human craniofacial life-course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Jeffery
- Human Anatomy Resource Centre & Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Craig Humphreys
- Human Anatomy Resource Centre & Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy Manson
- Human Anatomy Resource Centre & Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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11
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Koç A, Kaya S. Is it possible to estimate volume of bone defects formed on dry sheep mandibles more practically by secondarily reconstructing section thickness of cone beam computed tomography images? Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 50:20200400. [PMID: 33035111 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of section thickness on volume estimations of bone defects scanned using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS 25 bone defects were prepared on sheep mandibles and scanned using a KaVo 3D eXam (KaVo Dental, Biberach, Germany) CBCT device. Section thickness of images were reconstructed at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mm to estimate the volume of these defects using the semiautomatic segmentation method. The volume averages obtained using microcomputed tomography and Archimedes' method served as reference values. The estimated volumes at each section thickness were compared with the actual volumes using the Friedman test. The accuracy of volume estimation was determined by the percentage error with respect to the reference values, and the mean absolute error (MAE) was calculated. RESULTS Volumetric values of bone defects obtained with CBCT at section thicknesses up to 0.5 mm were compatible with the actual volumes (p > 0.05). The percentage errors at section thicknesses of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mm were -5.4%, -7.3%, and -13.1%, respectively. The mean absolute errors were 13.6 mm3, 15.7 mm3, and 18.2 mm3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The section thickness values of CBCT images can be increased to a reasonable level to obtain accurate volume estimation results and save time. The semiautomatic segmentation method can be used reliably for volume estimations of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaettin Koç
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Sema Kaya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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Leek NJ, Neason M, Kreilkamp BAK, de Bezenac C, Ziso B, Elkommos S, Das K, Marson AG, Keller SS. Thalamohippocampal atrophy in focal epilepsy of unknown cause at the time of diagnosis. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:367-376. [PMID: 33012040 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with chronic focal epilepsy may have atrophy of brain structures important for the generation and maintenance of seizures. However, little research has been conducted in patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy (NDfE), despite it being a crucial point in time for understanding the underlying biology of the disorder. We aimed to determine whether patients with NDfE show evidence of volumetric abnormalities of subcortical structures. METHODS Eighty-two patients with NDfE and 40 healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning using a standard clinical protocol. Volume estimation of the left and right hippocampus, thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen and cerebral hemisphere was performed for all participants and normalised to whole brain volume. Volumes lower than two standard deviations below the control mean were considered abnormal. Volumes were analysed with respect to patient clinical characteristics, including treatment outcome 12 months after diagnosis. RESULTS Volume of the left hippocampus (p(FDR-corr) = 0.04) and left (p(FDR-corr) = 0.002) and right (p(FDR-corr) = 0.04) thalamus was significantly smaller in patients relative to controls. Relative to the normal volume limits in controls, 11% patients had left hippocampal atrophy, 17% had left thalamic atrophy and 9% had right thalamic atrophy. We did not find evidence of a relationship between volumes and future seizure control or with other clinical characteristics of epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS Volumetric abnormalities of structures known to be important for the generation and maintenance of focal seizures are established at the time of epilepsy diagnosis and are not necessarily a result of the chronicity of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Leek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Neason
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B A K Kreilkamp
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - C de Bezenac
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Ziso
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Elkommos
- St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Das
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - A G Marson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - S S Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Volume estimation of brain ventricles using Cavalieri's principle and Atlas-based methods in Alzheimer disease: Consistency between methods. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 78:333-338. [PMID: 32360163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Automatic estimations of brain ventricles are needed to assess disease progression in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer Disease (AD). The objectives of this study are to evaluate the diagnostic performances of an automated volumetric assessment tool in estimating lateral ventricle volumes in AD and to compare this with Cavalieri's principle, which is accepted as the gold standard method. This is across-sectional volumetric study including 25 Alzheimer patients and 25 healthy subjects undergoing magnetic resonance images (MRI) with a 3D turbo spin echo sequence at 1.5 Tesla. The Atlas-based method incorporated MRIStudio software to automatically measure he volumes of brain ventricles. To compare the corresponding measurements, we used manual point-counting and semi-automatic planimetry methods based on Cavalieri's principle. Bland-Altman test results indicated an excellent agreement between Cavalieri's principle and the Atlas-based method in all volumetric measurements (p < 0.05). We obtained a 64% sensitivity and 92% specificity for lateral ventricular volumes according to the Atlas-based method. AD subjects had significantly larger left and right lateral ventricle volume (LVV) when compared to control subjects in respect to three volumetric methods (p < 0.01). Lateral ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR) statistically increased 49.23% in measurements done with the point-counting method, 45.12% with the planimetry method, and 45.49% with the Atlas-based method in AD patients (p < 0.01). As a result, the Atlas-based method may be used instead of manual volumetry to estimate brain volumes. Additionally, this method provides rapid and accurate estimations of brain ventricular volumes in-vivo examination of MRI.
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AVNİOGLU S, UNUR E, ACER N, ERTEKİN T, DOĞANER A. Yenidoğan kadavralarında karaciğer hacminin stereolojik olarak hesaplanması. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.645040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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15
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Tohidifar M, Goodarzi N, Masoudifard M. Anatomy of the head in the Saanen goat: a computed tomographic and cross-sectional approach. Anat Sci Int 2020; 95:408-419. [PMID: 32162202 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to investigate the anatomical structures of the Saanen goat head and its volumetric properties using computed tomography (CT) and stereological methods. Eight adult Saanen goat heads were included in this study. The different cavities and structures of the head, including nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, orbital cavity, and cranial cavity were evaluated using CT scans, cross, sagittal, and coronal sections. The volume of head cavities and structures were estimated using the Cavalieri method. The results showed that the dorsal, middle and nasal ventral concha contained the dorsal, middle and ventral conchal sinuses, respectively. The paranasal sinuses constituted maxillary, frontal, lacrimal, and ethmoidal that were recognized and named in the CT scan images and their corresponding anatomical cross sections. The palatine and sphenoidal sinuses were not seen in the Saanen goat. Total volume of the head, nasal cavity and cranial cavity was estimated to be 1958 ± 205, 825.4 ± 62.6 and 423.6 ± 48.2 cm3, respectively. The frontal sinus was the largest paranasal sinus with a volume of 281.8 ± 16.9 cm3 and the lacrimal sinus with a volume 50.2 ± 6 cm3 was the smallest one. The ventral conchal sinus with a volume of 26.6 ± 4.5 cm3 and middle conchal sinus with a volume of 13.4 ± 2.6 cm3 were largest and smallest nasal sinuses, respectively. These results may be used as a basic data to provide a reference set for volume of the examined head structures resulting in better and more precise diagnosis of any pathological volume alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Tohidifar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Goodarzi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Majid Masoudifard
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Bontzos G, Mazonakis M, Papadaki E, Maris TG, Blazaki S, Drakonaki EE, Detorakis ET. Orbital volume measurements from magnetic resonance images using the techniques of manual planimetry and stereology. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2020; 11:20-27. [PMID: 33041572 PMCID: PMC7518488 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Current volume measurement techniques, for the orbit, are time-consuming and involve complex assessments, which prevents their routine clinical use. In this study, we evaluate the applicability and efficacy of stereology and planimetry in orbital volume measurements using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Prospective imaging study using MRI. Sheep craniums and human subjects were evaluated. Water-filling measurements were performed in animal skulls, as the standard validation technique. Planimetry and stereology techniques were used in each dataset. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability testing were applied. Results: In stereology customization, 1/6 systematic sampling scheme was determined as optimal with acceptable coefficient of error (3.09%) and low measurement time (1.2 min). In sheep craniums, the mean volume measured by water displacement, planimetry, and stereology was 17.81 ± 0.59 cm3, 18.53 ± 0.24 cm3, and 19.19 ± 0.17 cm3, respectively. Planimetric and stereological methods were highly correlated (r = 0.94; P ≈ 0.001). The mean difference of the orbital volume using planimetry and stereology was 0.316 ± 0.168 cm3. In human subjects, using stereology, the mean orbital volume was found to be 19.62 ± 0.2 cm3 with a CE of 3.91 ± 0.15%. Conclusions: The optimized stereological method was found superior to manual planimetry in terms of user effort and time spent. Stereology sampling of 1/6 was successfully applied in human subjects and showed strong correlation with manual planimetry. However, optimized stereological method tended to overestimate the orbital volume by about 1 cc, a considerable limitation to be taken in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Bontzos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michael Mazonakis
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Efrosini Papadaki
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thomas G Maris
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Styliani Blazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Turkmen I, Ozcan C. Osteosarcopenia increases hip fracture risk: A case-controlled study in the elderly. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2019; 32:613-618. [PMID: 30584121 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-181389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD), gluteus maximus muscle volume, and hip fracture type in patients with hip trauma. METHODS A total of 134 patients were included in the study; 76 were in the study group [mean age 71.89 (65-80)] (hip fracture group), and 58 were in the control group [mean age 71.27 (65-80)] (hip trauma without fracture). The fracture type, femoral head diameter (FHD), and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. Fracture type was evaluated according to AO/OTA classification. The total gluteus maximus volume t (GMV) was evaluated via computed tomography (CT). RESULTS In both groups, there were significant positive correlations between BMD and tGMV/FHD, tGMV/BMI, and tGMV. When comparing the groups regarding total muscle volume, the muscle volume in the control group was significantly higher. CONCLUSION According to this study, GMV have an impact on bone mineral density. The risk of hip fracture should not be assessed by only examining bone density in patients over 65 years of age. The clinical relevance is that increasing the gluteal muscle volume above cut-off value in elderly individuals may help to reduce hip fracture risk.
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Say F, Gölpınar M, Kılınç CY, Şahin B. The estimation of bone cyst volume using the Cavalieri principle on computed tomography images. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2019; 26:2309499018772373. [PMID: 29747552 DOI: 10.1177/2309499018772373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the volume of bone cyst using the planimetry method of the Cavalieri principle. METHODS A retrospective analysis was carried out on data from 25 computed tomography (CT) images of patients with bone cyst. The volume of the cysts was calculated by two independent observers using the planimetry method. The procedures were repeated 1 month later by each observer. RESULTS The overall mean volume of the bone cyst was 29.25 ± 25.86 cm3. The mean bone cyst volumes calculated by the first observer for the first and second sessions were 29.18 ± 26.14 and 29.27 ± 26.19 cm3, respectively. The mean bone cyst volumes calculated by the second observer for the first and second sessions were 29.32 ± 26.36 and 29.23 ± 26.36 cm3, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no difference and high agreement between the first and second measurements of both observers. The Bland-Altman plots showed strong intraobserver and interobserver concordance in the measurement of the bone cyst volume. The mean total time necessary to obtain the cyst volume by the two observers was 5.27 ± 2.30 min. CONCLUSION The bone cyst of the patients can be objectively evaluated using the planimetry method of the Cavalieri principle on CT. This method showed high interobserver and intraobserver agreement. This volume measurement can be used to evaluate cyst remodeling, including complete healing and cyst recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Say
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Gölpınar
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Cem Yalın Kılınç
- 3 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Bünyamin Şahin
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Pericardin, a Drosophila collagen, facilitates accumulation of hemocytes at the heart. Dev Biol 2019; 454:52-65. [PMID: 31228417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell lineages support organismal needs by responding to positional and systemic signals that balance proliferative and differentiation events. Drosophila provides an excellent genetic model to dissect these signals, where the activity of cues in the hemolymph or substrate can be traced to determination and differentiation events of well characterized hemocyte types. Plasmatocytes in third instar larvae increase in number in response to infection and in anticipation of metamorphosis. Here we characterize hemocyte clustering, proliferation and transdifferentiation on the heart or dorsal vessel. Hemocytes accumulate on the inner foldings of the heart basement membrane, where they move with heart contraction, and are in proximity to the heart ostia and pericardial nephrocytes. The numbers of hemocytes vary, but increase transiently before pupariation, and decrease by 4 h before pupa formation. During their accumulation at the heart, plasmatocytes can proliferate and can transdifferentiate into crystal cells. Serrate expressing cells as well as lamellocyte-like, Atilla expressing ensheathing cells are associated with some, but not all hemocyte clusters. Hemocyte aggregation is enhanced by the presence of a heart specific Collagen, Pericardin, but not the associated pericardial cells. The varied and transient number of hemocytes in the pericardial compartment suggests that this is not a hematopoietic hub, but a niche supporting differentiation and rapid dispersal in response to systemic signals.
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Inter- and intra-rater reliability of computer-assisted planimetry in experimental stroke research. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 312:12-15. [PMID: 30465797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer-assisted planimetry is widely used in experimental stroke research to assess the size of the ischemic lesion or hemispheric volume. NEW METHOD Only insufficient data exist on the training required to achieve sufficient reliability in planimetry. Therefore, planimetry was performed over 15 months by two blinded raters who were initially inexperienced in the method. For inter-rater reliability, the hemispheric and lesional volume of 227 male Wistar Unilever rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion were determined in diffusion- and T2-weighted sequences. For the intra-rater agreement, one investigator assessed the hemispheric and lesional volume in 87 T2-weighted sequences twice within a six-week interval. The correlation was calculated using Krippendorff's alpha and Bland-Altman plots illustrated the agreement. RESULTS Inter-rater agreement increased during the first seven weeks and remained at high values (Krippendorff's alpha > 0.88). For intra-rater agreement, Krippendorff's alpha was 0.84 for hemispheric and 0.85 for lesional volume. The Bland-Altman plot indicated solid agreement between raters in the absence of systematic errors. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Simplified geometrical models or automated methods for planimetry can be used to determine lesional volume, but both approaches are inappropriate to assess hemispheric volume. CONCLUSION Computer-assisted planimetry can be an appropriate method to determine hemispheric or ischemic lesion volume in rodents but requires a sufficiently long learning period of approximately two months. Even an experienced investigator can generate data with serious variation. Inter- and intra-rater-dependent bias should be considered during the design and performance of respective studies.
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Extreme Enlargement of the Cerebellum in a Clade of Teleost Fishes that Evolved a Novel Active Sensory System. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3857-3863.e3. [PMID: 30449664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Brains, and the distinct regions that make up brains, vary widely in size across vertebrates [1, 2]. Two prominent hypotheses have been proposed to explain brain region scaling evolution. The mosaic hypothesis proposes that changes in the relative sizes of particular brain regions are the result of selection acting independently on those regions [2, 3]. The concerted hypothesis proposes that the brain evolves as a coordinated structure due to developmental constraints [4]. These hypotheses have been widely debated [3-7], and recent studies suggest a combination of the two best describes vertebrate brain region scaling [8-10]. However, no study has addressed how the mosaic and concerted models relate to the evolution of novel behavioral phenotypes. We addressed this question using African mormyroid fishes. The mormyroids have evolved a novel active electrosensory system and are well known for having extreme encephalization [11] and a large cerebellum [2, 12], which is cited as a possible example of mosaic evolution [2]. We found that compared to outgroups without active electrosensing, mormyroids experienced mosaic increases in the sizes of the cerebellum and hindbrain, and mosaic decreases in the sizes of the telencephalon, optic tectum, and olfactory bulb. However, the evolution of extreme encephalization within mormyroids was associated with concerted changes in the sizes of all brain regions. This suggests that mosaic evolutionary change in the regional composition of the brain is most likely to occur alongside the evolution of novel behavioral functions, but not with the evolution of extreme encephalization.
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Bontzos G, Mazonakis M, Papadaki E, Maris TG, Blazaki S, Drakonaki EE, Detorakis ET. Ex vivo orbital volumetry using stereology and CT imaging: A comparison with manual planimetry. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:1365-1374. [PMID: 30135979 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the applicability of stereology and planimetry in orbital volume measurements using computed tomography (CT) and to compare the results between the two measurements. METHODS Experimental study using sheep craniums for CT imaging. Water filling measurements were performed, as the validation technique. Quantification techniques were also evaluated in five human subjects. To examine the proportion of agreement among measurements, we tested intra- and inter-observer agreement. RESULTS For stereology customization, a 1/8 systematic sampling scheme was considered as optimal; this resulted in a low coefficient of error (2.59 %) and low measurement time (1.9 mins). In sheep craniums, mean volume measured by water displacement, planimetry and stereology was 17.81 ± 0.59 cm3, 17.87 ± 0.68 cm3 and 17.54 ± 0.49 cm3, respectively. Total volumes, obtained by stereology, were highly correlated with the water-filling method (r=0.893; p = 0.001) and a paired t-test showed significant difference between methods (t=3.047; p = 0.014). Planimetry results displayed a high correlation with the water-filling method (r=0.957; p ≈ 0.001) but no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.154). Mean difference using planimetry and stereology was 0.332 ± 0.322 cm3. In human subjects, using stereology, the estimated volume ranged between 18.57 cm3 and 19.27 cm3, and the mean orbital volume was 19.05 ± 0.50 cm3 with CE=3.75 ± 0.16 %. Mean measure time was 2.1 ± 0.1 mins. CONCLUSIONS Stereological measurements were superior to manual planimetry in terms of user effort and time spent. Stereology sampling of 1/8 was successfully applied in human subjects and yielded a strong correlation with manual planimetry. KEY POINTS • Stereology can be applied to measure the orbital volume using computed tomography. • Stereological measurements display high correlation with gold standard planimetry and combine low coefficient of error (2.59%) with low measurement time (1.9 min). • Stereology is superior in terms of user effort and time spent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Bontzos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Stavrakia, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Michael Mazonakis
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Efrosini Papadaki
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thomas G Maris
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Styliani Blazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Stavrakia, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Efstathios T Detorakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Stavrakia, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Wang S, Fan P, Xiong D, Yang P, Zheng J, Zhao D. Assessment of neonatal brain volume and growth at different postmenstrual ages by conventional MRI. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11633. [PMID: 30075544 PMCID: PMC6081163 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Data regarding neonatal brain volumes represent a basis for monitoring early brain development, and large sample of neonatal brain volume data has not been well described. This study was focused on neonatal brain volumes at different postmenstrual ages (PMA) and postnatal age (PNA).A cohort of 415 neonates with PMA 30 to 43 weeks were recruited for the determination of brain volumes. Intracranial cavity (ICC), total brain tissue (TBT), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated on the basis of T1-weighted sagittal plane magnetic resonance images. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was assessed using maturation scoring system and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to forecast the effect factors of brain volumes.TBT volume reached a peak growth at 39 to 40 weeks, ICC volume presented peak growth later at around 43 to 44 weeks, and CSF had a cliff fallen at 37 to 38 weeks PMA at scan. The maturation score increased along with PMA, and the TBT and CSF volumes were significantly different between higher and lower gestational age (GA) groups. The ICC and TBT volumes in higher GA group were larger than lower GA group. Most infants in higher GA group had higher TMS than those in lower GA group. Gender, PMA, PNA, and birth weight were predictors of TBT and ICC volumes.Our results showed that premature volumes of ICC and TBT enlarged with the increasing PMA, while volumes of CSF decreased at 37 weeks. Premature earlier to leave the uterus can lead to brain mature retard although they had the same GA compared with those later birth neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyi Wang
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Department, Children's Digital Health and Data Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Panpan Fan
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Department, Children's Digital Health and Data Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Dezhi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Pu Yang
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Department, Children's Digital Health and Data Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Junwen Zheng
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Department, Children's Digital Health and Data Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Dongchi Zhao
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Department, Children's Digital Health and Data Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
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Kielbinski M, Setkowicz Z, Gzielo K, Węglarz W, Janeczko K. Altered Electroencephalography Spectral Profiles in Rats with Different Patterns of Experimental Brain Dysplasia. Birth Defects Res 2017; 110:303-316. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbinski
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - Kinga Gzielo
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - Władysław Węglarz
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences; Krakow Poland
| | - Krzysztof Janeczko
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
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Tuna SH, Celik OE, Ozturk O, Golpinar M, Aktas A, Balcioglu HA, Keyf F, Sahin B. The effects of stabilization splint treatment on the volume of masseter muscle in sleep bruxism patients. Cranio 2017; 36:286-293. [PMID: 28920539 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2017.1377433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate, quantitatively, the volumetric effects of stabilization splint therapy on the masseter muscle of sleep bruxism (SB) patients. METHODS The magnetic resonance (MR) images of 16 SB patients diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG) who used stabilization splints for four months were obtained before and after the therapy. The masseter muscle volume was calculated using Cavalieri's principle on the MR images. RESULTS After the splint therapy, the mean volume of the masseter muscle did not reduce significantly. The fat and/or water content of the muscles did not change either. DISCUSSION The stabilization splint therapy had no effect on the volume, fat and/or water content of the masseter muscle; however the discomfort was reduced in the patients. Although the effect of splint therapy is not fully understood, the non-invasive and reversible stabilization splint can be used in SB patients because of its relaxation effect on muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Hakan Tuna
- a Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics , Süleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Osman Evren Celik
- a Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics , Süleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Onder Ozturk
- b Medical Faculty, Department of Chest Diseases , Süleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Murat Golpinar
- c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Aykut Aktas
- d Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology , Süleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | | | - Filiz Keyf
- f Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Bunyamin Sahin
- c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in hippocampal gray matter volumes are proposed to be involved in pathogenesis, course, and treatment response of major depressive disorder. Converging evidence suggests that reduced neurogenesis may occur in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a well-defined, long-term brain stimulation treatment for TRD. However, its in vivo positive effect on hippocampal modulation as mechanism of action has never been investigated before in clinical studies. In this study, we intended to explore hippocampal volumetric changes and clinical antidepressant responses in patients with TRD after 6 and 12 months of treatment with VNS. METHODS The TRD outpatients were evaluated for VNS implantation. Right and left hippocampal volumes in 6 TRD patients, who met the criteria for VNS treatment, were measured at baseline before the implantation and after 6 and 12 months. The patients were assessed using Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at baseline and at follow-up visits. RESULTS There was a statistically significant and progressive increase in right and left hippocampal volumes during the follow up (P < 0.05). Furthermore, patients showed a significant improvement on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a VNS modulatory effect on hippocampal plasticity as measured by hippocampal gray volume increase in TRD patients. These preliminary findings indicate the fundamental role of hippocampal remodeling as a marker of response to VNS in TRD.
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Acar N, Karakasli A, Karaarslan A, Mas NN, Hapa O. The reliability of Cavalier's principle of stereological method in determining volumes of enchondromas using the computerized tomography tools. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2017; 25:2309499016684503. [PMID: 28118805 DOI: 10.1177/2309499016684503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Volumetric measurements of benign tumors enable surgeons to trace volume changes during follow-up periods. For a volumetric measurement technique to be applicable, it should be easy, rapid, and inexpensive and should carry a high interobserver reliability. We aimed to assess the interobserver reliability of a volumetric measurement technique using the Cavalier's principle of stereological methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS The computerized tomography (CT) of 15 patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of enchondroma with variant tumor sizes and localizations was retrospectively reviewed for interobserver reliability evaluation of the volumetric stereological measurement with the Cavalier's principle, V = t × [((SU) × d) /SL]2 × Σ P. RESULTS The volumes of the 15 tumors collected by the observers are demonstrated in Table 1. There was no statistical significance between the first and second observers ( p = 0.000 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.970) and between the first and third observers ( p = 0.000 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.981). No statistical significance was detected between the second and third observers ( p = 0.000 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.976). CONCLUSION The Cavalier's principle with the stereological technique using the CT scans is an easy, rapid, and inexpensive technique in volumetric evaluation of enchondromas with a trustable interobserver reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihat Acar
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Catalca ilyas cokay Hospital, Catalca, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Karakasli
- 2 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Karaarslan
- 3 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nermin Ng Mas
- 4 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Onur Hapa
- 2 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Comparative Lateralizing Ability of Multimodality MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:5923243. [PMID: 27974864 PMCID: PMC5126436 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5923243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The objective is to compare lateralizing ability of three quantitative MR (qMRI) modalities to depict changes of hippocampal architecture with clinical entities in temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods. We evaluated 14 patients with clinical and EEG proven diagnosis of unilateral TLE and 15 healthy volunteers. T1-weighted 3D dataset for volumetry, single-voxel 1H MR spectroscopy (MRS), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed for bilateral hippocampi of all subjects. Results. Individual volumetric measurements provided accurate lateralization in 85% of the patients, spectroscopy in 57%, and DTI in 57%. Higher lateralization ratios were acquired combining volumetry-spectroscopy (85%), spectroscopy-DTI (85%), and volumetry-DTI (100%). Significantly decreased NAA/(Cho+Cr) ratios (p = 0.002) and increased FA (p = 0.001) values were obtained in ipsilateral to epileptogenic hippocampus. Duration of epilepsy and FA values showed a significant negative correlation (p = 0.016, r = −0.847). The history of febrile convulsion associated with ipsilateral increased ADC values (p = 0.015, r = 0.851) and reduced NAA/(Cho+Cr) ratios (p = 0.047, r = −761). Conclusion. Volumetry, MRS, and DTI studies provide complementary information of hippocampal pathology. For lateralization of epileptogenic focus and preoperative examination, volumetry-DTI combination may be indicative of diagnostic accuracy.
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Comparison of automated brain volumetry methods with stereology in children aged 2 to 3 years. Neuroradiology 2016; 58:901-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-016-1714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sağıroğlu A, Acer N, Okuducu H, Ertekin T, Erkan M, Durmaz E, Aydın M, Yılmaz S, Zararsız G. Palatine tonsil volume estimation using different methods after tonsillectomy. Anat Sci Int 2016; 92:500-508. [PMID: 27307085 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to measure the volume of the palatine tonsil in otorhinolaryngology outpatients with complaints of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis who had undergone tonsillectomy. To date, no study has investigated palatine tonsil volume using different methods and compared with subjective tonsil size in the literature. For this purpose, we used three different methods to measure palatine tonsil volume. The correlation of each parameter with tonsil size was assessed. After tonsillectomy, palatine tonsil volume was measured by Archimedes, Cavalieri and Ellipsoid methods. Mean right-left palatine tonsil volumes were calculated as 2.63 ± 1.34 cm3 and 2.72 ± 1.51 cm3 by the Archimedes method, 3.51 ± 1.48 cm3 and 3.37 ± 1.36 cm3 by the Cavalieri method, and 2.22 ± 1.22 cm3 and 2.29 ± 1.42 cm3 by the Ellipsoid method, respectively. Excellent agreement was found among the three methods of measuring volumetric techniques according to Bland-Altman plots. In addition, tonsil grade was correlated significantly with tonsil volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Sağıroğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey.
| | - Niyazi Acer
- Department of Anatomy, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Hacı Okuducu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maya Eye and Ear, Nose, Throat Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Tolga Ertekin
- Department of Anatomy, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erkan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Durmaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Konya Numune Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mesut Aydın
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Seher Yılmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Gökmen Zararsız
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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Grimaldi A, D'Alessandro G, Golia MT, Grössinger EM, Di Angelantonio S, Ragozzino D, Santoro A, Esposito V, Wulff H, Catalano M, Limatola C. KCa3.1 inhibition switches the phenotype of glioma-infiltrating microglia/macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2174. [PMID: 27054329 PMCID: PMC4855657 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the strategies adopted by glioma to successfully invade the brain parenchyma is turning the infiltrating microglia/macrophages (M/MΦ) into allies, by shifting them toward an anti-inflammatory, pro-tumor phenotype. Both glioma and infiltrating M/MΦ cells express the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (KCa3.1), and the inhibition of KCa3.1 activity on glioma cells reduces tumor infiltration in the healthy brain parenchyma. We wondered whether KCa3.1 inhibition could prevent the acquisition of a pro-tumor phenotype by M/MΦ cells, thus contributing to reduce glioma development. With this aim, we studied microglia cultured in glioma-conditioned medium or treated with IL-4, as well as M/MΦ cells acutely isolated from glioma-bearing mice and from human glioma biopsies. Under these different conditions, M/MΦ were always polarized toward an anti-inflammatory state, and preventing KCa3.1 activation by 1-[(2-Chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole (TRAM-34), we observed a switch toward a pro-inflammatory, antitumor phenotype. We identified FAK and PI3K/AKT as the molecular mechanisms involved in this phenotype switch, activated in sequence after KCa3.1. Anti-inflammatory M/MΦ have higher expression levels of KCa3.1 mRNA (kcnn4) that are reduced by KCa3.1 inhibition. In line with these findings, TRAM-34 treatment, in vivo, significantly reduced the size of tumors in glioma-bearing mice. Our data indicate that KCa3.1 channels are involved in the inhibitory effects exerted by the glioma microenvironment on infiltrating M/MΦ, suggesting a possible role as therapeutic targets in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grimaldi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - G D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - M T Golia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - E M Grössinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, GBSF3502, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S Di Angelantonio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
- Center for Life Nanoscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - D Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - A Santoro
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - V Esposito
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - H Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, GBSF3502, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - C Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
- Pasteur Institute-Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
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Kim Y, Ge Y, Tao C, Zhu J, Chapman AB, Torres VE, Yu ASL, Mrug M, Bennett WM, Flessner MF, Landsittel DP, Bae KT. Automated Segmentation of Kidneys from MR Images in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11:576-84. [PMID: 26797708 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.08300815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Our study developed a fully automated method for segmentation and volumetric measurements of kidneys from magnetic resonance images in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and assessed the performance of the automated method with the reference manual segmentation method. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Study patients were selected from the Consortium for Radiologic Imaging Studies of Polycystic Kidney Disease. At the enrollment of the Consortium for Radiologic Imaging Studies of Polycystic Kidney Disease Study in 2000, patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease were between 15 and 46 years of age with relatively preserved GFRs. Our fully automated segmentation method was on the basis of a spatial prior probability map of the location of kidneys in abdominal magnetic resonance images and regional mapping with total variation regularization and propagated shape constraints that were formulated into a level set framework. T2-weighted magnetic resonance image sets of 120 kidneys were selected from 60 patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and divided into the training and test datasets. The performance of the automated method in reference to the manual method was assessed by means of two metrics: Dice similarity coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient of segmented kidney volume. The training and test sets were swapped for crossvalidation and reanalyzed. RESULTS Successful segmentation of kidneys was performed with the automated method in all test patients. The segmented kidney volumes ranged from 177.2 to 2634 ml (mean, 885.4±569.7 ml). The mean Dice similarity coefficient ±SD between the automated and manual methods was 0.88±0.08. The mean correlation coefficient between the two segmentation methods for the segmented volume measurements was 0.97 (P<0.001 for each crossvalidation set). The results from the crossvalidation sets were highly comparable. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a fully automated method for segmentation of kidneys from abdominal magnetic resonance images in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with varying kidney volumes. The performance of the automated method was in good agreement with that of manual method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arlene B Chapman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alan S L Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Michal Mrug
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Michael F Flessner
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Doug P Landsittel
- Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Turco D, Severi S, Mignani R, Magistroni R, Corsi C. Geometry-independent assessment of renal volume in polycystic kidney disease from magnetic resonance imaging. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:3081-4. [PMID: 26736943 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Total renal volume (TRV) is an important quantitative indicator of the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The Consortium for Radiologic Imaging Studies of Polycystic Kidney Disease proposes a method for TRV computation based on manual tracing and geometric modeling. We developed a fast and nearly-automated technique for kidney segmentation and automatically compute TRV. In this study we aim to compare TRV estimates derived from these two different approaches. The highly-automated technique for the analysis of MR images was tested on 30 ADPKD patients. TRV was computed from both axial and coronal acquisitions, and compared to measurements based on geometric modeling by linear regression and Bland Altman analysis. In addition, to assess reproducibility, intra-observer and inter-observer variabilities were computed. The results of this study provide the feasibility of using a nearly-automated approach for accurate and fast evaluation of TRV also in markedly enlarged ADPKD kidneys.
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Yürüker S, Görduysus M, Küçükkaya S, Uzunoğlu E, Ilgın C, Gülen O, Tuncel B, Görduysus MÖ. Efficacy of Combined Use of Different Nickel-Titanium Files on Removing Root Canal Filling Materials. J Endod 2016; 42:487-92. [PMID: 26778268 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to estimate the remaining amount of residual filling materials in root canals after retreatment using ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) alone or with the additional use of the Self-Adjusting File (SAF; ReDent-Nova, Ra'anana, Israel), Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany), or Hedström-files (H-file; VDW, Antaeos, Munich, Germany) with volumetric estimation using the stereologic method via cone-beam computed tomographic images. METHODS Forty-eight mandibular premolars with single canals were used. The canals were instrumented with ProTaper rotary instruments up to F4 and filled with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer (Dentsply De Trey, Johnson City, TN). All the samples were placed into the silicone models. Samples were scanned with cone-beam computed tomographic imaging and assigned into 4 groups (n = 12) according to retreatment files: the PTUR system group, the PTUR system plus SAF group, the PTUR system plus Reciproc group, and the PTUR system plus H-file group. The specimens were rescanned after retreatment procedures, and the volume estimations of the remaining filling materials were performed using the stereologic method. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. RESULTS There was no significant difference among the groups regarding mean percentage volumes of the filling materials before retreatment procedures (P > .05). None of the retreatment procedures provided complete removal of the filling materials. The additional use of the SAF did not significantly improve the removal of filling materials when compared with the PTUR system alone (P > .05). However, the additional use of Reciproc or hand H-files significantly improved the removal of filling materials when compared with the PTUR system alone (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The additional use of files with different motion kinetics improved the removal of root canal fillings; however, none of the systems completely removed the root canal filling material from the root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Yürüker
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melahat Görduysus
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; RAK College of Dental Science, RAK Medical and Health Science University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Selen Küçükkaya
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Emel Uzunoğlu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Ilgın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Gülen
- Department of Dento-Maxillofacial Radiology, Ministry of Health, Ataturk Public Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Behram Tuncel
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ömer Görduysus
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Endodontics, Dental College, Sharjah University, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Alkoç OA, Songur A, Eser O, Toktas M, Gönül Y, Esi E, Haktanir A. Stereological and Morphometric Analysis of MRI Chiari Malformation Type-1. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2015; 58:454-61. [PMID: 26713146 PMCID: PMC4688315 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2015.58.5.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying ethiological factors in chiari malformation (CM) type-I (CMI) via performing volumetric and morphometric length-angle measurements. Methods A total of 66 individuals [33 patients (20-65 years) with CMI and 33 control subjects] were included in this study. In sagittal MR images, tonsillar herniation length and concurrent anomalies were evaluated. Supratentorial, infratentorial, and total intracranial volumes were measured using Cavalieri method. Various cranial distances and angles were used to evaluate the platybasia and posterior cranial fossa (PCF) development. Results Tonsillar herniation length was measured 9.09±3.39 mm below foramen magnum in CM group. Tonsillar herniation/concurrent syringomyelia, concavity/defect of clivus, herniation of bulbus and fourth ventricle, basilar invagination and craniovertebral junction abnormality rates were 30.3, 27, 18, 2, 3, and 3 percent, respectively. Absence of cisterna magna was encountered in 87.9% of the patients. Total, IT and ST volumes and distance between Chamberlain line and tip of dens axis, Klaus index, clivus length, distance between internal occipital protuberance and opisthion were significantly decreased in patient group. Also in patient group, it was found that Welcher basal angle/Boogard angle increased and tentorial slope angle decreased. Conclusion Mean cranial volume and length-angle measurement values significantly decreased and there was a congenital abnormality association in nearly 81.5 percent of the CM cases. As a result, it was concluded that CM ethiology can be attributed to multifactorial causes. Moreover, congenital defects can also give rise to this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Alper Alkoç
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Songur
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Olcay Eser
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Muhsin Toktas
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Özal University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yücel Gönül
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Ertap Esi
- Department of Radiology, Afyonkarahisar State Hospital, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Alpay Haktanir
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Reliability of Total Renal Volume Computation in Polycystic Kidney Disease From Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Acad Radiol 2015; 22:1376-84. [PMID: 26276168 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Total renal volume (TRV) is an important quantitative indicator of the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The Consortium for Radiologic Imaging Studies of Polycystic Kidney Disease proposes a method for TRV computation based on manual tracing and geometric modeling. Alternative approaches for TRV computation are represented by the application of advanced image processing techniques. In this study, we aimed to compare TRV estimates derived from these two different approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS The nearly automated technique for the analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) images was tested on 30 ADPKD patients. TRV was computed from both axial (KVax) and coronal (KVcor) acquisitions and compared to measurements based on geometric modeling (KVap) by linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. In addition, to assess reproducibility, intraobserver and interobserver variabilities were computed. RESULTS Linear regression analysis between KVax and KVcor resulted in an excellent correlation (KVax = 1KVcor - 0.78; r(2) = 0.997). Bland-Altman analysis showed a negligible bias and narrow limits of agreement (bias: -11.7 mL; SD: 54.3 mL). Similar results were obtained by comparison of volumes obtained applying the nearly automated method and the one based on geometric modeling (y = 0.98x + 75.9; r(2) = 0.99; bias: -53.7 mL; SD: 108.1 mL). Importantly, geometric modeling does not provide reliable TRV estimates in huge kidney affected by regional deformation. Intraobserver and interobserver variability resulted in very small percentage error <2%. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide the feasibility of using a nearly automated approach for accurate and fast evaluation of TRV also in markedly enlarged ADPKD kidneys including exophytic cysts.
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Kusbeci T, Kusbeci OY, Mas NG, Karabekir HS, Yavas G, Yucel A. Stereological Evaluation of the Optic Nerve Volume in Alzheimer Disease. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 26:1683-6. [PMID: 26091054 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000001853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve damage occurs in Alzheimer disease (AD) related to the loss of the retinal ganglion cells that contribute fibers to the optic nerve and reduction of the density of axons of the optic nerve. In this study the authors evaluated optic nerve volume changes and the relation between the cerebrum and optic nerve volumes in AD patients. The study evaluated the volumetric measurements of optic nerve by applying the stereological method on magnetic resonance images (MRI). It included age-matched study and control groups, which were composed of 20 patients with probable AD and 20 healthy subjects, respectively. MRIs were analyzed by using the point-counting approach holding Cavalieri principle. There were statistically significant optic nerve volume reduction and cerebral atrophy in AD patients when compared with the age-matched control subjects (P = 0.013, P < 0.001, respectively) but there was no correlation between the optic nerve volume and cerebral volume in AD patients (r = 0.326, P = 0.160). There was a difference between optic nerve volumes of AD and control subjects. The stereological evaluation of optic nerve volume is of importance for both clinicians and anatomists and it can provide valuable information in the evaluation of morphological changes of AD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuncay Kusbeci
- *Department of Ophthalmology, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital †Department of Neurology, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital ‡Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Dokuz Eylul University §Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Dokuz Eylul University
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Afyon Kocatepe University ¶Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
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Manios GE, Mazonakis M, Voulgaris C, Karantanas A, Damilakis J. Abdominal fat volume estimation by stereology on CT: a comparison with manual planimetry. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:706-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hu TT, Yan L, Yan PF, Wang X, Yue GF. Assessment of the ABC/2 Method of Epidural Hematoma Volume Measurement as Compared to Computer-Assisted Planimetric Analysis. Biol Res Nurs 2015; 18:5-11. [PMID: 25802386 DOI: 10.1177/1099800415577634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Epidural hematoma volume (EDHV) is an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with epidural hematoma (EDH) and plays a central role in treatment decision making. This study's objective was to determine the accuracy and reliability of the widely used volume measurement method ABC/2 in estimating EDHV by comparing it to the computer-assisted planimetric method. METHODS A data set of computerized tomography (CT) scans of 35 patients with EDH was evaluated to determine the accuracy of ABC/2 method, using computer-assisted planimetric technique to establish the reference criterion of EDHV for each patient. Another data set was constructed by randomly selecting 5 patients then replicating each case twice to yield 15 patients. Intra- and interobserver reliability were evaluated by asking four observers to independently estimate EDHV for the latter data set using the ABC/2 method. RESULTS Estimation of EDHV using the ABC/2 method showed high intra- and interobserver reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = .99). These estimates were closely correlated with planimetric measures (r = .99). But the ABC/2 method generally overestimated EDHV, especially in the nonellipsoid-like group. The difference between the ABC/2 measures and planimetric measures was statistically significant (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The ABC/2 method could be used for EDHV measurement, which would contribute to treatment decision making as well as clinical outcome prediction. However, clinicians should be aware that the ABC/2 method results in a general volume overestimation. Future studies focusing on justification of the technique to improve its accuracy would be of practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
| | - Peng-Fei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ge-Fen Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Unal B, Kara A, Aksak S, Unal D. A stereological assessment method for estimating the surface area of cycloids. Eurasian J Med 2015; 42:66-73. [PMID: 25610126 DOI: 10.5152/eajm.2010.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to determine differences in estimations of surface area made by classical vertical uniform random (VUR) section series and vertical section series obtained perpendicular to a fixed horizontal plane. MATERIALS AND METHODS One volunteer subject (male, 25 years of age) with no neurological deficit was chosen at random from a bank of controls in the magnetic resonance (MR) image data library of the Department of Radiology. First, a soccer ball with known geometrical features (radius: 9.75 cm) was imaged using a T1-weighted MR scanner at 5-mm thickness (total 40 sections) to test the validity and reliability of surface area and volume measurements obtained via stereological methods. Second, T1-weighted MR section profiles were obtained from a volunteer individual. Surface area and volume estimation procedures were carried out using the Stereo Investigator 6, MicroBright-Field, Inc., USA. CONCLUSIONS We determined that there are no differences in either surface area or volume estimations made using VUR sections and direct vertical sections. We have performed an exhaustive series analysis with a variety of objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunyami Unal
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adem Kara
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selina Aksak
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Deniz Unal
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Erzurum, Turkey
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41
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Efficient stereological approaches for the volumetry of a normal or enlarged spleen from MDCT images. Eur Radiol 2015; 25:1761-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jeffery N, Mendias C. Endocranial and masticatory muscle volumes in myostatin-deficient mice. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2014; 1:140187. [PMID: 26064569 PMCID: PMC4448778 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.140187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural and functional trade-offs are integral to the evolution of the mammalian skull and its development. This paper examines the potential for enlargement of the masticatory musculature to limit the size of the endocranial cavity by studying a myostatin-deficient mouse model of hypermuscularity (MSTN-/-). The study tests the null prediction that the larger MSTN-/- mice have larger brains compared with wild-type (WT) mice in order to service the larger muscles. Eleven post-mortem MSTN-/- mice and 12 WT mice were imaged at high resolution using contrast enhanced micro-CT. Masticatory muscle volumes (temporalis, masseter, internal and external pterygoids) and endocranial volumes were measured on the basis of two-dimensional manual tracings and the Cavalieri principle. Volumes were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Student's t-tests. Results showed that the masticatory muscles of the MSTN-/- mice were significantly larger than in the WT mice. Increases were in the region of 17-36% depending on the muscle. Muscles increased in proportion to each other, maintaining percentages in the region of 5, 10, 21 and 62% of total muscle volume for the external ptyergoid, internal pterygoid, temporalis and masseter, respectively. Kruskal-Wallis and t-tests demonstrated that the endocranial volume was significantly larger in the WT mice, approximately 16% larger on average than that seen in the MSTN-/- mice. This comparative reduction of MSTN-/- endocranial size could not be explained in terms of observer bias, ageing, sexual dimorphism or body size scaling. That the results showed a reduction of brain size associated with an increase of muscle size falsifies the null prediction and lends tentative support to the view that the musculature influences brain growth. It remains to be determined whether the observed effect is primarily physical, nutritional, metabolic or molecular in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Jeffery
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Christopher Mendias
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Thrippleton MJ, Munro KI, McKillop G, Newby DE, Marshall I, Roberts N, Critchley HOD. Unbiased and efficient estimation of the volume of the fibroid uterus using the Cavalieri method and magnetic resonance imaging. Reprod Sci 2014; 22:15-22. [PMID: 25332217 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114553451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to develop a reliable technique for measuring volume of the fibroid uterus using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. We applied the Cavalieri method and standard calliper technique to measure the volume of the uterus and largest fibroid in 26 patients, and results were compared with "gold-standard" planimetry measurements. We found Cavalieri measurements to be unbiased, while calliper measurements systematically underestimated uterine volume (- 13.2%, P < 10(-5)) and had greater variance. Repeatability was similar for the 2 techniques (standard deviation [SD] = 4.0%-6.9%). Reproducibility of Cavalieri measurements was higher for measurement of uterine (SD = 9.0%) than fibroid volume (SD = 19.1%), whereas the reproducibility of calliper measurements was higher for fibroid (SD = 9.1%) than uterine volume (SD = 15.9%). The additional measurement time for the Cavalieri method was approximately 1 to 2 minutes. In conclusion, the Cavalieri method permits more accurate measurement of uterine and fibroid volumes and is suitable for application in both clinical practice and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Thrippleton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty I Munro
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graham McKillop
- Department of Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David E Newby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Marshall
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Roberts
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, (CRIC) University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary O D Critchley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Increases in interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma levels is progressive in immature rats with varicocele. Ir J Med Sci 2014; 184:531-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-014-1167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Powell JL, Kemp GJ, Dunbar RI, Roberts N, Sluming V, García-Fiñana M. Different association between intentionality competence and prefrontal volume in left- and right-handers. Cortex 2014; 54:63-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Onuk B, Kabak M, Sahin B, Ince NG, Selcuk MB. New method for estimating the volume and volume fractions of the nasal structures in the goose (Anser anser domesticus) using computed tomography images. Br Poult Sci 2014; 54:441-6. [PMID: 23906217 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.806980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. The conchae within the nasal cavity of poultry are important for water and energy conservation, but have not been experimentally evaluated. The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of volume and volume fraction estimates of the conchae, nasal septum and nasal cavity. 2. The nasal cavities of 7 adult goose heads were scanned using computed tomography (CT), with images sampled randomly at a 1/5 sampling fraction. Physical sections were obtained from the same samples, using an electric saw that had an adjustable section range, and provided 14 to 15 sections with a thickness of 2.5 mm. The section surface areas of the nasal cavity, nasal septum and conchae were estimated using the Cavalieri principle. Results obtained using the CT and physical section images were compared. Volumes and volume fractions obtained from the physical sections were accepted as the gold standard and differences in the CT images were determined. 3. Multiplication of the data obtained on the CT images with the deviation percentage of the physical sections produced normalised values. No differences were observed between the gold standard data and the CT images. While it was possible to normalise the obtained data using the gold standard values, the raw data could also be used for comparative studies because the deviations from normal would be similar for all groups. 4. Our study showed that the nasal structures could be estimated in vivo using CT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Onuk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
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Cruz-Orive LM, Gelšvartas J, Roberts N. Sampling theory and automated simulations for vertical sections, applied to human brain. J Microsc 2013; 253:119-50. [PMID: 24422975 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been substantial developments in both magnetic resonance imaging techniques and automatic image analysis software. The purpose of this paper is to develop stereological image sampling theory (i.e. unbiased sampling rules) that can be used by image analysts for estimating geometric quantities such as surface area and volume, and to illustrate its implementation. The methods will ideally be applied automatically on segmented, properly sampled 2D images - although convenient manual application is always an option - and they are of wide applicability in many disciplines. In particular, the vertical sections design to estimate surface area is described in detail and applied to estimate the area of the pial surface and of the boundary between cortex and underlying white matter (i.e. subcortical surface area). For completeness, cortical volume and mean cortical thickness are also estimated. The aforementioned surfaces were triangulated in 3D with the aid of FreeSurfer software, which provided accurate surface area measures that served as gold standards. Furthermore, a software was developed to produce digitized trace curves of the triangulated target surfaces automatically from virtual sections. From such traces, a new method (called the 'lambda method') is presented to estimate surface area automatically. In addition, with the new software, intersections could be counted automatically between the relevant surface traces and a cycloid test grid for the classical design. This capability, together with the aforementioned gold standard, enabled us to thoroughly check the performance and the variability of the different estimators by Monte Carlo simulations for studying the human brain. In particular, new methods are offered to split the total error variance into the orientations, sectioning and cycloid components. The latter prediction was hitherto unavailable--one is proposed here and checked by way of simulations on a given set of digitized vertical sections with automatically superimposed cycloid grids of three different sizes. Concrete and detailed recommendations are given to implement the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Cruz-Orive
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computation, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Influence of Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Bone Regeneration in Experimental Cranial Defects Using Spongostan and Bio-Oss as Protein Carriers. J Craniofac Surg 2013; 24:1507-14. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e31828f2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Sezgin OS, Kayıpmaz S, Sahin B. The effect of slice thickness on the assessment of bone defect volumes by the Cavalieri principle using cone beam computed tomography. J Digit Imaging 2013; 26:115-8. [PMID: 22539100 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-012-9480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of section thickness on volume estimations obtained by cone beam computed tomography. Intraosseal cavities representing bone defects on vestibular sides of the two dry sheep mandibles were scanned by a cone beam computed tomography system. Consecutive sections at 0.2, 0.6, 1, 1.4, and 2.2 mm thickness were used to estimate the volumes of the cavities using the Cavalieri principle of stereological methods. Estimated volumes are then compared with the volumes obtained by the Archimedean principle. In 0.2-, 0.6-, and 1-mm-thick slices, the volumes estimated by the Cavalieri principle did not differ from the volumes by the Archimedean principle (p > 0.05). The 0.2 mm slice-thickness group had the highest asymptotic significance value (p = 0.6). Although the thinnest slice appears to provide the most accurate values, slice thickness up to 1 mm can be chosen for volume calculations on CBCT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Said Sezgin
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical Universty, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal organ growth: a magnetic resonance imaging study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67223. [PMID: 23843995 PMCID: PMC3700970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study whether maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with alterations in the growth of fetal lungs, kidneys, liver, brain, and placenta. Design A case-control study, with operators performing the image analysis blinded. Setting Study performed on a research-dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner (1.5 T) with participants recruited from a large teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Participants A total of 26 pregnant women (13 current smokers, 13 non smokers) were recruited; 18 women (10 current smokers, 8 nonsmokers) returned for the second scan later in their pregnancy. Methods Each fetus was scanned with MRI at 22–27 weeks and 33–38 weeks gestational age (GA). Main outcome measures Images obtained with MRI were used to measure volumes of the fetal brain, kidneys, lungs, liver and overall fetal size, as well as placental volumes. Results Exposed fetuses showed lower brain volumes, kidney volumes, and total fetal volumes, with this effect being greater at visit 2 than at visit 1 for brain and kidney volumes, and greater at visit 1 than at visit 2 for total fetal volume. Exposed fetuses also demonstrated lower lung volume and placental volume, and this effect was similar at both visits. No difference was found between the exposed and nonexposed fetuses with regards to liver volume. Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging has been used to show that maternal smoking is associated with reduced growth of fetal brain, lung and kidney; this effect persists even when the volumes are corrected for maternal education, gestational age, and fetal sex. As expected, the fetuses exposed to maternal smoking are smaller in size. Similarly, placental volumes are smaller in smoking versus nonsmoking pregnant women.
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