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Peraza Labrador A, Shrestha A, Gonzalez M, Marin NRG, Villacis M, Kesterke M, Lopez JP, Wright J. Recurrence of Glandular Odontogenic Cysts: A Systematic Review. Head Neck Pathol 2024; 18:31. [PMID: 38637356 PMCID: PMC11026356 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-024-01637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a benign developmental cyst of the jaws that is characterized by a high recurrence rate. METHODS A systematic review is presented of reported cases, case series, and retrospective studies of recurrent cases of glandular odontogenic cysts, to determine the overall and detailed demographic features with documentation of the specific histologic features of the initial presentation of each cyst. Searches of detailed databases were carried out to identify articles published in the English language from 1988 to 2023. The variables were demographics, patient symptoms, cyst location, radiographic features, histopathological findings, type of treatment, and minimum eight months of follow-up. RESULTS Eighteen cases were identified: with an equal gender presentation of 50% females and 50% males. The average age was 44.7. The mean size was 3.5 cm. The most common location was in the anterior mandible in 50% (n = 9) of cases, followed by the posterior mandible 27.8% (n = 5). Most patients were asymptomatic 55.6% (n = 10). The most common histologic features at first diagnosis were mucous cells in 88.9% (n = 16), variable thickness with 83.3% (n = 15), eosinophilic cuboidal cells 88.9% (n = 16), microcysts 83.3% (n = 15), and clear cells 77.8% (n = 14) cases. CONCLUSION GOC has an aggressive behavior. Evidence was not conclusive to link any single or combination of histologic features to recurrence, and the strongest correlation for recurrence was the type of treatment. Since this is an uncommon cyst, more cases are needed. Follow-up should continue for at least five years, because recurrences were higher between years 3 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Peraza Labrador
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
- , Acarigua, Portuguesa, 3303, Venezuela.
| | - Ashim Shrestha
- University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Rd, Weste Haven, Connecticut, 06516, USA
| | - Marianela Gonzalez
- Oral Surgery Department, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | | | - Marcelo Villacis
- Oral Surgery Department, International University of Ecuador, Jorge Fernández S/N, Quito, 170411, Ecuador
| | - Mathew Kesterke
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Room 718, 3302, Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Lopez
- Oral Surgery Department, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe Bogota, Carrera 7Ma Numero 117-15, Bogota, Colombia
| | - John Wright
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
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de Campos WG, Araújo R, Martin V, Trierveiler M, Gomes P, Lemos CA. Glandular Odontogenic Cyst in the Anterior Mandible: A Case Report of a Conservative Approach and a Recurrence Detection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081452. [PMID: 37189553 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is considered a rare developmental cyst, with an odontogenic origin and both epithelial and glandular characteristics, with less than 200 reported cases in the literature. METHODS In the present case, a 29-year-old man was referred for evaluation of an asymptomatic slow-growing swelling in the anterior region of the mandible, with one-year history. The patient's medical history did not reveal any systemic alteration. The extraoral examination did not show enlargement of the facial contour and the intraoral examination showed vestibular and lingual swelling. Panoramic radiography and CT scan revealed a well-defined unilocular radiolucent lesion involving the inferior incisors and canines bilaterally. RESULTS Histopathological analysis revealed multiple cysts lined by stratified epithelium with varying thickness and characteristics, in addition to duct-like structures filled with PAS-positive amorphous material, suggestive of GOC. Conservative treatment was performed through surgical curettage, peripheral ostectomy of the surgical site and apicectomy of the teeth involved in the lesion. There was one recurrence, which was detected in postoperative follow-up, leading to a new surgical approach. CONCLUSIONS Fifteen months after the second procedure, no signs of recurrence were identified, and bone neoformation within the surgical site occurred, supporting that a conservative approach for the treatment of GOC is viable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Araújo
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor Martin
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marília Trierveiler
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso Augusto Lemos
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculdade de Odontologia, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Gorgis R, Christian Krarup SA, Reibel J, Nørholt SE. Glandular Odontogenic Cyst: a Case Report and Literature Review. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2023; 14:e4. [PMID: 37521326 PMCID: PMC10382194 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2023.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The glandular odontogenic cyst is now a well-known entity comprising < 0.5% of all odontogenic cysts with a recent review tabulating about 200 cases in the English literature. Glandular odontogenic cyst shows epithelial features that simulate salivary gland or glandular differentiation. The importance of glandular odontogenic cyst relates to the fact that it has a high recurrence rate and shares overlapping histologic features with central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The purpose of this paper is to describe the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of a case of glandular odontogenic cyst with the course of treatment and 9-years follow-up, followed by a review of the literature. Methods A 63-year-old male was referred for further investigation of a mandibular radiolucency observed by his general dental practitioner. The main complaint was a murmuring sensation in the lower jaw right side. Radiological examination revealed a well-defined, unilocular, radiolucent lesion, involving the right mandible with 17 and 68 mm in mediolaterally and anteroposterior dimension, respectively. Results A total enucleation of the cystic lesion and surgical extraction of tooth #46, #47 and #48, was performed under local anaesthesia. Histopathologic examination revealed a glandular odontogenic cyst. Conclusions Glandular odontogenic cyst shows no pathognomonic clinico-radiographic characteristics, and therefore in many cases it resembles a wide spectrum of lesions. Diagnosis can be extremely difficult due to histopathological similarities with dentigerous cyst, lateral periodontal cyst and central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Therefore a careful histopathological examination and a long-term follow-up (preferably seven years) are required to rule out recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romario Gorgis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, AarhusDenmark.
- Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Institute of Odontology and Oral Health, Aarhus University, AarhusDenmark.
| | | | - Jesper Reibel
- Section of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, CopenhagenDenmark.
| | - Sven Erik Nørholt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, AarhusDenmark.
- Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Institute of Odontology and Oral Health, Aarhus University, AarhusDenmark.
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Al-Moraissi EA, Kaur A, Gomez RS, Ellis E. Effectiveness of different treatments for odontogenic keratocyst: a network meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 52:32-43. [PMID: 36150944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) are benign but aggressive lesions. As there is a lack of well randomized clinical studies assessing the effectiveness of the different treatment options for OKC, a network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to identify the best treatment option with the lowest recurrence rate. An electronic search was performed following the PRISMA guidelines to identify all clinical studies comparing treatment options against enucleation alone. The outcome variable was recurrence. The predictor variables were treatments. The eight included treatments were: enucleation with peripheral ostectomy/curettage (E + PO/curettage); enucleation with cryotherapy (E + CRYO); enucleation with/without PO followed by modified Carnoy's solution (E ± PO+MCS); enucleation with PO and with topical 5-fluorouracil (E + PO+5FU); enucleation with/without PO followed by original Carnoy's solution (E ± PO+CS); marsupialization alone (MARS); marsupialization followed by secondary enucleation with/without PO (MARS+2°E ± PO); and resection. The odds ratio was used to estimate the recurrence rate. A frequentist NMA was performed using Stata software. A total of 2989 patients in 40 studies were included. Both direct pairwise meta-analysis and NMA showed that E + 5FU+PO was significantly superior to E ± PO+MCS. However, no statistically significant difference was found between E ± PO+CS vs E + 5FU+PO, E ± PO+MCS, and resection, respectively (all very low quality evidence). The three most effective treatments in reducing the recurrence rate were E + PO+ 5FU (98.1%; very low quality evidence), resection (83.5%; very low quality evidence), and E ± PO+CS (63.8%; moderate quality evidence). The findings from this study suggest that CS remains the most effective fixative agent after enucleation and PO until proven otherwise. Additionally, 5FU appears to be an effective method with promising results that needs further research. Finally, the efficacy of MCS remains controversial; further in vivo and in vitro studies are required to determine new protocols. As this NMA included retrospective studies, the results should be interpreted with great caution (level of evidence: type III).
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Al-Moraissi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen.
| | - A Kaur
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - R S Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - E Ellis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Nel C, Robinson L, Roza ALOC, Ker-Fox J, Gomes NR, Fonseca FP, Santos-Silva AR, Romañach MJ, Vargas PA, van Heerden WF. Clinical and radiologic spectrum of glandular odontogenic cysts: A multicenter study of 92 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 133:593-603. [PMID: 35065903 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this multicenter retrospective study was to report the clinical and radiologic features of 92 glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs) diagnosed over a 20-year period. STUDY DESIGN Histologically confirmed cases of GOC were retrospectively reviewed from 4 oral pathology laboratories in South Africa and Brazil to categorize the clinical and radiologic spectrum of GOCs. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 46 years (range 17-87) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. GOCs had a mandibular predilection (68%), with 42% of all cases located anteriorly. Additionally, 42% of cases crossed the midline. Radiologically, most lesions were unilocular (53%) and uniformly radiolucent (97%), with well-demarcated borders (93%). Cortical expansion (62%), loss of cortical integrity (71%), and maxillary sinus (67%) and nasal cavity encroachment (72%) were common findings. Significant differences in lesions between the 2 countries were discovered in sex predilection, clinical signs and symptoms, and lesion locations within the mandible and maxilla. CONCLUSION GOCs present with a wide spectrum of clinical and radiologic features, ranging from cysts with typical GOC-like presentations to more aggressive lesions. The need for advanced imaging in the surgical planning of GOCs exhibiting radiologic signs of aggression is justified based on the high recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chané Nel
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Liam Robinson
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Jason Ker-Fox
- Department of Financial Management. Faculty of Economics and Management Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nathália Rodrigues Gomes
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário José Romañach
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willie Fp van Heerden
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Glandular Odontogenic Cyst Associated with Odontoma: A Rare Case Report. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2022; 21:68-72. [PMID: 35400934 PMCID: PMC8934886 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-020-01360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an extremely rare developmental jawbone cyst, tending to recurrence owing to its aggressive behavior. There has been no reported case of presence of GOC simultaneous with odontoma. We presented a case of GOC associated with odontoma with special reference to the diagnostic imaging and the histopathological features. Case Presentation A 42-year-old Chinese man presented with swelling and pain in the anterior mandible for the past 3 months. Panoramic scan showed a large multiocular well-circumscribed radiolucency accompanied by toothlike morphological abnormality. Histological findings confirmed a GOC associated with odontoma. Conclusion This case demonstrates GOC with multiple clinical spectrum, and its association with odontoma might enhance the existing knowledge of this rare jawbone cyst.
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da Silva KD, Gomes APN, Balbinot KM, Sena YR, Mosconi C, de Mendonça EF, Tarquinio SBC, de Melo Alves Junior S, de Jesus Viana Pinheiro J, Ferreira de Aguiar MC. Glandular odontogenic cysts: a collaborative investigation of 22 cases and proteins related to invasiveness. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:342-349. [PMID: 35122318 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A glandular odontogenic cyst has an intriguing, aggressive behaviour whose mechanisms have not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVE To conduct a collaborative cross-sectional study on the clinical, demographic, microscopic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of glandular odontogenic cysts, emphasizing the histopathological characteristics and expression of proteins related to invasiveness. METHODS Twenty-two cases of glandular odontogenic cyst from three oral and maxillofacial pathology services in Brazil were selected from 1988 to 2018. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Histopathological features were evaluated in detail. Sixteen cases of glandular odontogenic cyst were also submitted to immunohistochemistry to detect MT1-MMP, TKS4, TKS5, and cortactin, the key regulators of invadopodia formation. RESULTS GOCs were primarily seen in men over 40 years of age, in the posterior mandible and the anterior maxilla as a unilocular, radiolucent lesion. All cases presented hobnail cells, clear cells, and variable thickness of the lining epithelium, three of the ten key histopathological parameters to be evaluated in glandular odontogenic cysts. Immunohistochemistry revealed a greater expression of the studied proteins in the glandular odontogenic cysts than in the controls (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION Overexpression of proteins that regulate cell invasiveness was identified, and the present study's findings suggest that invadopodia activity is a possible mechanism used by glandular odontogenic cysts to promote local invasion, which could partly explain its intriguing biological behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Duarte da Silva
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Neutzling Gomes
- Department of Semiology and Clinics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karolyny Martins Balbinot
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Mosconi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás. Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Beatriz Chaves Tarquinio
- Department of Semiology and Clinics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - João de Jesus Viana Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Cássia Ferreira de Aguiar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Sreekumar VN, Salim S, Cherian SK, John R. A vacillating swelling in maxillary anterior region-Diagnostic challenges and management. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2020; 11:292-297. [PMID: 33897198 PMCID: PMC8051655 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_84_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In most of the cystic lesions appearing in the oral cavity, proper diagnosis and treatment remains a challenge. As glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare type of developmental odontogenic cyst, it was not included in our differential diagnosis. The report of GOC was quite surprising as it was rare and never came in this discussion. A 25-year-old male patient was reported to our center with a chief complaint of painless swelling in the right anterior region of the maxilla. The swelling was oval shaped and diffuse extending from the distal aspect of 11 to the mesial aspect of 14 and superiorly extending into the sulcus. Working diagnosis was a periapical cyst, so conventional treatment of root canal treatment, cyst enucleation, and apicoectomy was done. This article presents a rare case which was primarily misdiagnosed and treated and has been subsequently revealed histopathologically as a rare clinicopathological entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Nair Sreekumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Shiad Salim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sangeeth K Cherian
- Department of Prosthodontics, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Kerala, India
| | - Richie John
- General Practitioner, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Martins-Chaves RR, Granucci M, Gomez RS, Henriques de Castro W. Glandular Odontogenic Cyst-A Case Series. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 79:1062-1068. [PMID: 33212035 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon jawbone cyst with a challenging diagnosis because of the presence of several clinical and histopathologic overlaps with other odontogenic lesions and central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. To date, less than 200 cases of GOC have been published in the literature with reliable clinical and histopathologic information. Furthermore, the lack of a well-documented GOC case series impairs a more detailed understanding about the biological behavior and appropriate management of the lesion. Therefore, in this study, we report 3 well-documented cases of GOC in the literature. In one of the cases, the incisional biopsy was misdiagnosed as a dentigerous cyst, and the lesion recurred. Therefore, we also discuss key points regarding the diagnosis and treatment of GOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rayra Martins-Chaves
- PhD student in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Granucci
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Resident, Clinics Hospital, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Professor, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Wagner Henriques de Castro
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Extranodal lymphoma arising within the maxillary alveolus: a systematic review. Oral Radiol 2018; 34:113-126. [PMID: 30147235 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-017-0309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Extranodal lymphomas affecting the head and neck infrequently arise within the jaw bones. Although clinical examination and conventional radiography may initially suffice for such lesions arising within the mandible, those arising within the maxillary alveolus generally require cross-sectional imaging because of the complex anatomy of this region. This study was performed to determine the prevalence, demographic characteristics, and clinical presentations of these lesions and the imaging modalities used for their diagnosis. Study design A systematic review (SR) on case series and another SR on case reports were performed to investigate the demographic, clinical, and radiological features of extranodal lymphomas arising within the maxillary alveolus. Results Most case series were derived from just four nations, whereas the case reports were derived from a wider range of ethnicities. The more detailed case reports significantly reported at least one imaging modality. Most patients were aware of their lesions for nearly 2 months before presentation. The most frequent symptom was swelling. Most case reports included a provisional diagnosis, the most frequent of which was dental infection followed by squamous cell carcinoma. Discussion Extranodal lymphomas arising within the maxillary alveolus were sufficiently frequent in four communities to be reported in two or more case series, and the occasional single case report indicated that such lesions are more widespread globally. Although the SR on case series revealed differences in the relative period prevalence and maxillary/mandibular ratio, the SR on case reports revealed details of the clinical presentation and imaging modalities used.
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Siqueira ECD, de Sousa SF, França JA, Diniz MG, Pereira TDSF, Moreira RG, Vargas PA, Gomez RS, Gomes CC. Targeted next-generation sequencing of glandular odontogenic cyst: a preliminary study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 124:490-494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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de Freitas Silva BS, Yamamoto-Silva FP, Sena-Filho M, Silva Sant’Ana SS, Mariano-Júnior WJ, de Almeida OP, Estrela C. 20-year Follow-up of Recurrent Glandular Odontogenic Cyst Mimicking a Periapical Lesion. J Endod 2017; 43:1915-1920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chrcanovic BR, Gomez RS. Glandular odontogenic cyst: An updated analysis of 169 cases reported in the literature. Oral Dis 2017; 24:717-724. [PMID: 28744957 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B R Chrcanovic
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - R S Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
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Cousin T, Bobek S, Oda D. Glandular odontogenic cyst associated with ameloblastoma: Case report and review of the literature. J Clin Exp Dent 2017. [PMID: 28638564 PMCID: PMC5474343 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) associated with ameloblastoma is an exceedingly rare histologic presentation with no known clinical significance or treatment applications. Four cases have been reported, three in the mandible and one in the maxilla. The age range is 14-65 and with male predilection. All four presented with swellings and two with pain. We add one more case to the literature of a 58-year old male presenting with an expansile multilocular radiolucency between teeth #19-23. The ameloblastomatous changes in this case are consistent with those of a unicystic ameloblastoma-mural subtype. Although the histologic changes are those of a unicystic ameloblastoma, the clinical and radiographic findings are not. This case therefore presents a clinical challenge with regards to treatment planning for recurrence and prognosis. We conclude that treatment for GOC therefore be based on individual clinical presentation.
Key words:Glandular odontogenic cyst, GOC, ameloblastoma, unicystic ameloblastoma, mural unicystic ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Cousin
- DDS candidate. University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle WA USA
| | - Samuel Bobek
- MD, DMD. Swedish Hospital Maxillofacial Surgery, Seattle WA USA
| | - Dolphine Oda
- BDS, MSc. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle WA USA
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Lesions of the jaws presenting as radiolucencies on cone-beam CT. Clin Radiol 2016; 71:972-985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Faisal M, Ahmad SA, Ansari U. Glandular odontogenic cyst - Literature review and report of a paediatric case. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2015; 5:219-25. [PMID: 26587384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an extremely rare lesion occurring in the jawbones. The present paper is a review of 181 cases of GOCs reported in English literature, since it was first reported by Padayache and Van Wyk in 1987. Mandible was involved in 130 cases and maxilla in 51 cases. Anterior mandible was the most common area of involvement. Radiographic appearance was that of a unilocular radiolucency in 98 of 176 reported cases. Rest presented as multilocular radiolucency. Cortical expansion was observed in 136 of the 180 reported cases while cortex breach or perforation was seen in 81 cases. The treatment of choice was that of minor procedures that included enucleation with or without curettage, peripheral ostectomy, cryotherapy, etc. in 157 of the total 177 reported cases. Marginal jaw resection, segmental mandibulectomy etc. was reported in 20 cases. Although minor surgical procedures were the treatment of choice in most studies, two major studies of Kaplan et al. and Fowler et al. involving 111 and 46 cases, recorded a recurrence rate of 35.9 and 19.6%, respectively. The age range was between 11 and 82 years. The respective mean age of patients in the above mentioned studies was 45.7 for Kaplan's and 51 years for Fowler's whereas in our study, the mean age was 45.9 years. Very rarely does GOC presents itself in a paediatric patient. The paper also reports a case of an 11-year-old child whose histopathogy came out to be a case of a GOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faisal
- Associate Professor, A Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Ansar Ahmad
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Uzma Ansari
- Resident, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
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17
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Lee BD. Response to letter to the editors "Re: Byung-Do Lee, Wan Lee, Kyung-Hwan Kwon, Moon-Ki Choi, Eun-Joo Choi and Jung-Hoon Yoon. Glandular odontogenic cyst mimicking ameloblastoma in a 78-year-old female: a case report. Imaging Science in Dentistry 2014; 44(3): 249-52.". Imaging Sci Dent 2015; 45:139-40. [PMID: 26125011 PMCID: PMC4483622 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2015.45.2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Do Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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18
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MacDonald DS. A systematic review of the literature of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome affecting East Asians and North Europeans. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120:396-407. [PMID: 26297395 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare, by systematic review, North European and East Asian consecutive case series of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). STUDY DESIGN A systematic review of the literature was performed for all consecutive case series of NBCCS, which included keratocystic odontgenic tumors (KCOTs) arising in North European and East Asian communities. The clinical and radiologically apparent features were identified and synthesized, and a meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS East Asian reports were significantly more "proband only" compared with North European reports. Significant differences between these 2 communities were observed for 5 of the 6 major features and 11 of the 27 minor features. With regard to the major NBCCS features, the North Europeans displayed significantly more frequent basal cell carcinomas, calcified falx cerebri, palmar and plantar pits, and a family history, whereas the East Asians displayed KCOTs significantly more frequently. With regard to minor features, East Asians displayed significantly more frequent cleft lips and palates and hypertelorism. CONCLUSIONS East Asians displayed multiple KCOTs and cleft lips and palates more frequently compared with North Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S MacDonald
- University of British Columbia, Chairman of the Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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19
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Purohit S, Shah V, Bhakhar V, Harsh A. Glandular odontogenic cyst in maxilla: A case report and literature review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2014; 18:320-3. [PMID: 25328322 PMCID: PMC4196310 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.140923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon jaw bone cyst of odontogenic origin described in 1987 by Gardner et al. It is a cyst having an unpredictable and potentially aggressive behavior. The increased recurrence rate can be due to its multilocularity and incomplete removal of the lining following conservative treatment. Clinically, the most common site of occurrence is the anterior region of mandible. GOC has a slight male predilection and occurs primarily in middle-aged patients. This article presents a case of glandular odontogenic cyst in a 30-year-old female patient in the posterior region of the maxilla, which is quite rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Purohit
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Jodhpur Dental College and General Hospital, Boranada, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vandana Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Vikas Bhakhar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashutosh Harsh
- Department of Dentistry, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College and Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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20
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Lee BD, Lee W, Kwon KH, Choi MK, Choi EJ, Yoon JH. Glandular odontogenic cyst mimicking ameloblastoma in a 78-year-old female: A case report. Imaging Sci Dent 2014; 44:249-52. [PMID: 25279347 PMCID: PMC4182361 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2014.44.3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare, potentially aggressive jaw lesion. The common radiographic features include a well-defined radiolucency with distinct borders, presenting a uni- or multilocular appearance. A cystic lesion in the posterior mandible of a 78-year-old female was incidentally found. Radiographs showed a unilocular lesion with a scalloped margin, external root resorption of the adjacent tooth, and cortical perforation. This lesion had changed from a small ovoid shape to a more expanded lesion in a period of four years. The small lesion showed unilocularity with a smooth margin and a well-defined border, but the expanded lesion produced cortical perforation and a lobulated margin. The provisional diagnosis was an ameloblastoma, whereas the histopathological examination revealed a GOC. This was a quite rare case, given that this radiographic change was observed in the posterior mandible of an elderly female. This case showed that a GOC can grow even in people in their seventies, changing from the unilocular form to an expanded, lobulated lesion. Here, we report a case of GOC with characteristic radiographic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Do Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Moon-Ki Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
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21
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Abstract
In this short communication, the very rare glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is presented as an independent entity. The GOC is a jawbone cyst of the maxilla and mandible. The typical radiological and histopathological characteristics of the GOC are described. Furthermore, differential diagnoses, current treatment options and the recurrence rates of this of entity are discussed.
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22
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Tambawala SS, Karjodkar FR, Yadav A, Sansare K, Sontakke S. Glandular odontogenic cyst: A case report. Imaging Sci Dent 2014; 44:75-9. [PMID: 24701462 PMCID: PMC3972410 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2014.44.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs) are rare intrabony solitary or multiloculated cysts of odontogenic origin. The importance of GOCs lies in the fact that they exhibit a propensity for recurrence similar to keratocystic odontogenic tumors and that they may be confused microscopically with central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Thus, the oral and maxillofacial radiologists play an important role in definitive diagnosis of GOC based on distinctive cases; though they are rare. In large part, this is due to the GOC's complex and frequently non-specific histopathology. This report describes a case of GOC occurrence in the posterior mandibular ramus region in a 17-year-old female, which is a rare combination of site, age, and gender for occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz S Tambawala
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Freny R Karjodkar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Archana Yadav
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Kaustubh Sansare
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Subodh Sontakke
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
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23
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Mascitti M, Santarelli A, Sabatucci A, Procaccini M, Lo Muzio L, Zizzi A, Rubini C. Glandular odontogenic cyst: review of literature and report of a new case with cytokeratin-19 expression. Open Dent J 2014; 8:1-12. [PMID: 24624237 PMCID: PMC3950754 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601408010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) was a rare jawbone cyst described in 1988 as a distinct entity. This lesion can involve either jaw, and the anterior region of the mandible was the most commonly affected area. Clinical and radiographic findings were not specific, and the diagnosis of GOC can be extremely difficult due to the rarity of this lesion. The cyst presented a wall constituted by fibrous connective tissue and was lined by a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of variable thickness. Large areas of the lining epithelium presented cylinder cells, sometimes ciliated. A variable amount of mucina was occasionally noted. Due to the strong similarities, this cyst can be easily misdiag-nosed as a central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMEC). Immunohistochemistry may be an aid in diagnosis; in fact has been demonstrated that there were differences in the expression of cytokeratins (CK) in GOC and CMEC. In this study, we reported a new case of GOC in a 38 year female patient. In addition, we carried out a review of 110 previous cases reported in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Santarelli
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy ; Institute of Health and Science on Aging INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Sabatucci
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Procaccini
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy ; Institute of Health and Science on Aging INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Sperimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Zizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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24
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Khosravi N, Razavi SM, Kowkabi M, Navabi AA. Demographic distribution of odontogenic cysts in Isfahan (Iran) over a 23-year period (1988-2010). Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2013; 10:162-7. [PMID: 23946730 PMCID: PMC3731954 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Odontogenic cysts are relatively common lesions which can cause different complications. As demographic information is lacking in Iran and specially in Isfahan, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of odontogenic cysts according to age, gender and affected area among patients referring to the Oral Pathology Department of the Dental School of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) over a 23-year period. Materials and Methods: A total of 7412 diagnosed lesions recorded in the Oral Pathology Department archives of Isfahan Dental School between 1988 and 2010 were reevaluated, then odontogenic cysts were separated through reviewing microscopic slides according to the 2005 World Health Organization classification and variables such as age, gender, the infected jaw, and its specific region were obtained by SPSS Version 16.0 from the recorded database. Results: 21.62% of the lesions were odontogenic cysts, of which 48.72% were inflammatory and 51.28% were developmental cysts. These cysts were more common in the mandible. The mean age of patients was 29.53 ± 16.1. Male to female ratio was 1.31:1. The four most frequent odontogenic cysts were radicular cysts (35.12%), dentigerous cysts (25.77%), odontogenic keratocysts (22.58%) and residual cysts (12.98%). Conclusion: Odontogenic cysts are fairly frequent jaw lesions (21.62%), of which radicular cyst was the most common cyst. The four most common lesions constituted a sum of 96.45% of the total. In general, the prevalence rates in our study are similar to the studies from other geographic parts of the world but with a lower incidence of inflammatory cysts, higher prevalence of dentigerous cysts and residual cysts and also mandibular predominance for residual cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Khosravi
- School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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25
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Nabil S, Lo RCL, Choi WS. Simultaneous radicular cyst and mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the maxilla: a diagnostic nightmare. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-010290. [PMID: 23761616 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-010290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 20-year-old woman presenting initially with an asymptomatic palatal swelling. Radiographic examination showed a cyst at the right maxilla with bucco-lingual expansion and perforation of palatal bone. Incisional biopsy was carried out via a buccal approach and the result revealed a benign odontogenic cyst, in keeping with radicular cyst. The patient was then scheduled for cyst enucleation. During the procedure, it was found that the palatal lesion was unrelated to the maxillary cyst. Incisional biopsy of the palatal mass was carried out and revealed a low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The patient then had a partial maxillectomy with fibula flap reconstruction. There was no recurrence at postoperative 1 year follow-up and she was rehabilitated with dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nabil
- Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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26
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Glandular odontogenic cyst: analysis of 46 cases with special emphasis on microscopic criteria for diagnosis. Head Neck Pathol 2011; 5:364-75. [PMID: 21915706 PMCID: PMC3210226 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-011-0298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is now a relatively well-known entity with recent reviews indicating over 100 cases reported in the English literature. The GOC's importance relates to the fact that it exhibits a propensity for recurrence similar to the odontogenic keratocyst, and that it may be confused microscopically with central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMEC). Numerous histopathologic features for the GOC have been described, but the exact microscopic criteria necessary for diagnosis have not been universally accepted. Furthermore, some of the microscopic features of GOC may also be found in dentigerous, botryoid, radicular, and surgical ciliated cysts. The purpose of this multicenter retrospective study is to further define the clinical, radiographic, and microscopic features of GOC, to determine which microscopic features may be helpful for diagnosis in problematic cases, to determine the most appropriate treatment, and to determine if GOC and CMEC share a histopathologic spectrum. In our series of 46 cases, the mean age at diagnosis was 51 years with 71% of cases in the 5th-7th decades. No gender predilection was noted. 80% of cases occurred in the mandible, and 60% of the lesions involved the anterior regions of the jaws. Swelling/expansion was the most common presenting complaint, although some cases were asymptomatic. Radiographically, most cases presented as a well-defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucency involving the periapical area of multiple teeth. Some lesions displayed a scalloped border. Cases also presented in dentigerous, lateral periodontal, and "globulomaxillary" relationships. The canine area was a common location for maxillary cases. All cases were treated conservatively (enucleation, curettage, cystectomy, excision). Follow-up on 18 cases revealed a recurrence rate of 50% (9/18), with 6 cases recurring more than once (range of follow-up: 2 months to 20 years; average length of follow-up: 8.75 years). The mean interval from initial treatment to first recurrence was 8 years, and from first recurrence to second recurrence was 5.8 years. Two cases recurred three times and the interval from second to third recurrence was 7 years (exact interval only documented in one case). All cases exhibited eosinophilic cuboidal (hobnail) cells, a feature not specific for GOC, but necessary for diagnosis, in our opinion. Univariate analysis indicated several features that are most helpful in distinguishing GOC from GOC mimickers in problematic cases, including: (1) the presence of microcysts (P < 0.0001); (2) epithelial spheres (P < 0.0001); (3) clear cells (P = 0.0002); (4) variable thickness of the epithelial cyst lining (P = 0.0002); and (5) multiple compartments (P = 0.006). Stratified analysis indicated that when microcysts are present, epithelial spheres and multiple compartments are still significant, and clear cells are marginally significant in distinguishing GOCs from GOC mimickers. The presence of microcysts (P = 0.001), clear cells (P = 0.032), and epithelial spheres (P = 0.042) appeared to be most helpful in distinguishing GOC associated with an unerupted tooth from dentigerous cyst with metaplastic changes. There were no statistically significant differences microscopically between GOCs that recurred and those that did not. The presence of 7 or more microscopic parameters was highly predictive of a diagnosis of GOC in our series (P < 0.0001), while the presence of 5 or less microscopic parameters was highly predictive of a non-GOC diagnosis (P < 0.0001). Islands resembling mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC-like islands) were identified in the cyst wall of three cases, only one of which had follow-up (no evidence of disease at 74 mo.); therefore, at this time insufficient information is available to determine whether GOC and CMEC share a histopathologic spectrum or whether MEC-like islands in GOCs are associated with more aggressive or malignant behavior.
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27
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Araújo de Morais HH, José de Holanda Vasconcellos R, de Santana Santos T, Guedes Queiroz LM, Dantas da Silveira ÉJ. Glandular odontogenic cyst: case report and review of diagnostic criteria. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2011; 40:e46-50. [PMID: 21459013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon jaw bone cyst of odontogenic origin with unpredictable and potentially aggressive behaviour. It also has the propensity to grow to a large size and tendency towards recurrence. GOC can be easily misdiagnosed microscopically as a central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. This paper reports a case of GOC in a 56-year-old male and reviews the main criteria for accurate diagnosis. The diagnosis of GOC can be extremely difficult due to the rarity of the cyst and lack of clear diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hécio Henrique Araújo de Morais
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte University, Caicó-RN, Brazil
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28
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Glandular Odontogenic Cysts: Diagnosis and Treatment Dilemma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2010.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Kwon JI, Kim HW, Han SH, Nam W, Cha IH, Kim HJ. Glandular odontogenic cyst of mandible: case report. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2010.36.3.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Il Kwon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong Nam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Ho Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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