1
|
Suzuki T, Mizukami H, Nambo Y, Ishimaru M, Miyata K, Akiyama K, Korosue K, Naito H, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G, Taya K. Different effects of an extended photoperiod treatment on growth, gonadal function, and condition of hair coats in Thoroughbred yearlings reared under different climate conditions. J Equine Sci 2016; 26:113-24. [PMID: 26858576 PMCID: PMC4739141 DOI: 10.1294/jes.26.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One- to two-year-old Thoroughbred colts and fillies being reared in Miyazaki (warm climate) and Hidaka (cold climate), Japan, were administered extended photoperiod (EP) treatment between December 20 and the following April 10, and its effect on growth, endocrine changes, gonadal activation, and hair coat condition was investigated. In colts reared in Miyazaki, no effect of EP treatment was noted on the growth indices, including body weight (BW), height at withers (HW), girth, and cannon circumference (CC), whereas the BWs and CCs of fillies were significantly higher in the EP treatment group than the control. In Hidaka, the BWs and HWs of colts and HWs of fillies were significantly higher in the EP treatment group. Gonadal activation characterized by an increase in circulating hormone concentrations was earlier in the EP treatment group for fillies reared in Miyazaki [luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (P4), and estradiol-17β (E2)] and in colts (LH, testosterone, and E2) and fillies (LH, FSH, P4, and E2) reared in Hidaka. Regardless of sex and climate, prolactin was significantly higher in the EP treatment group, whereas insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) was not. Initial ovulation occurred before April in more of the EP treatment group than the control regardless of the climate. Molting of the hair coat, examined in March, was advanced in the EP treatment group regardless of sex and climate. These results suggest that EP treatment may promote growth and gonadal activation in fillies reared in Miyazaki and in colts and fillies reared in Hidaka and that the effect may be mediated by prolactin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasuo Nambo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mutsuki Ishimaru
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyata
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Kentaro Akiyama
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Kenji Korosue
- Miyazaki Yearling Training Farm, Japan Racing Association, Miyazaki 880-0036, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naito
- Equine Department, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Taya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Shadai Corporation, Hokkaido 059-1432, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Langgartner D, Füchsl AM, Uschold-Schmidt N, Slattery DA, Reber SO. Chronic subordinate colony housing paradigm: a mouse model to characterize the consequences of insufficient glucocorticoid signaling. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:18. [PMID: 25755645 PMCID: PMC4337237 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic, in particular chronic psychosocial, stress is a burden of modern societies and known to be a risk factor for numerous somatic and affective disorders (in detail referenced below). However, based on the limited existence of appropriate, and clinically relevant, animal models for studying the effects of chronic stress, the detailed behavioral, physiological, neuronal, and immunological mechanisms linking stress and such disorders are insufficiently understood. To date, most chronic stress studies in animals employ intermittent exposure to the same (homotypic) or to different (heterotypic) stressors of varying duration and intensity. Such models are only of limited value, since they do not adequately reflect the chronic and continuous situation that humans typically experience. Furthermore, application of different physical or psychological stimuli renders comparisons to the mainly psychosocial stressors faced by humans, as well as between the different stress studies almost impossible. In contrast, rodent models of chronic psychosocial stress represent situations more akin to those faced by humans and consequently seem to hold more clinical relevance. Our laboratory has developed a model in which mice are exposed to social stress for 19 continuous days, namely the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) paradigm, to help bridge this gap. The main aim of the current review article is to provide a detailed summary of the behavioral, physiological, neuronal, and immunological consequences of the CSC paradigm, and wherever possible relate the findings to other stress models and to the human situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea M. Füchsl
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nicole Uschold-Schmidt
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David A. Slattery
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan O. Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review fundamentals in adrenal gland histophysiology. Key findings regarding the important signaling pathways involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis and adrenal growth are summarized. We illustrate how adrenal gland morphology and function are deeply interconnected in which novel signaling pathways (Wnt, Sonic hedgehog, Notch, β-catenin) or ionic channels are required for their integrity. Emphasis is given to exploring the mechanisms and challenges underlying the regulation of proliferation, growth, and functionality. Also addressed is the fact that while it is now well-accepted that steroidogenesis results from an enzymatic shuttle between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, key questions still remain on the various aspects related to cellular uptake and delivery of free cholesterol. The significant progress achieved over the past decade regarding the precise molecular mechanisms by which the two main regulators of adrenal cortex, adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and angiotensin II act on their receptors is reviewed, including structure-activity relationships and their potential applications. Particular attention has been given to crucial second messengers and how various kinases, phosphatases, and cytoskeleton-associated proteins interact to ensure homeostasis and/or meet physiological demands. References to animal studies are also made in an attempt to unravel associated clinical conditions. Many of the aspects addressed in this article still represent a challenge for future studies, their outcome aimed at providing evidence that the adrenal gland, through its steroid hormones, occupies a central position in many situations where homeostasis is disrupted, thus highlighting the relevance of exploring and understanding how this key organ is regulated. © 2014 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 4:889-964, 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gallo-Payet
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang LL, Wun WSA, Wang PS. Recovery from developmental nonylphenol exposure is possible for female rats. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 221:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
van der Sluis RJ, van den Aardweg T, Reuwer AQ, Twickler MT, Boutillon F, Van Eck M, Goffin V, Hoekstra M. Prolactin receptor antagonism uncouples lipids from atherosclerosis susceptibility. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:341-50. [PMID: 25063756 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pituitary-derived hormone prolactin has been suggested to stimulate the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease through its effects on metabolism and inflammation. In this study, we aimed to challenge the hypothesis that inhibition of prolactin function may beneficially affect atherosclerosis burden. Hereto, atherosclerosis-susceptible LDL receptor (Ldlr) knockout mice were transplanted with bone marrow from transgenic mice expressing the pure prolactin receptor antagonist Del1-9-G129R-hPRL or their non-transgenic littermates as control. Recipient mice expressing Del1-9-G129R-hPRL exhibited a decrease in plasma cholesterol levels (-29%; P<0.05) upon feeding a Western-type diet (WTD), which could be attributed to a marked decrease (-47%; P<0.01) in the amount of cholesterol esters associated with pro-atherogenic lipoproteins VLDL/LDL. By contrast, Del1-9-G129R-hPRL-expressing mice did not display any change in the susceptibility for atherosclerosis after 12 weeks of WTD feeding. Both the absolute atherosclerotic lesion size (223 ± 33 × 10(3) μm(2) for Del1-9-G129R-hPRL vs 259 ± 32 × 10(3) μm(2) for controls) and the lesional macrophage and collagen contents were not different between the two groups of bone marrow recipients. Importantly, Del1-9-G129R-hPRL exposure increased levels of circulating neutrophils (+91%; P<0.05), lymphocytes (+55%; P<0.05), and monocytes (+43%; P<0.05), resulting in a 49% higher (P<0.01) total blood leukocyte count. In conclusion, we have shown that prolactin receptor signaling inhibition uncouples the plasma atherogenic index from atherosclerosis susceptibility in Ldlr knockout mice. Despite an associated decrease in VLDL/LDL cholesterol levels, application of the prolactin receptor antagonist Del1-9-G129R-hPRL does not alter the susceptibility for initial development of atherosclerotic lesions probably due to the parallel increase in circulating leukocyte concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J van der Sluis
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsGorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The NetherlandsLaboratory for Microbiology and Infection ControlAmphia Hospital, Breda, The NetherlandsDepartment EndocrinologyDiabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumInsermUnit 1151,Prolactin/Growth Hormone Pathophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tim van den Aardweg
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsGorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The NetherlandsLaboratory for Microbiology and Infection ControlAmphia Hospital, Breda, The NetherlandsDepartment EndocrinologyDiabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumInsermUnit 1151,Prolactin/Growth Hormone Pathophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Q Reuwer
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsGorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The NetherlandsLaboratory for Microbiology and Infection ControlAmphia Hospital, Breda, The NetherlandsDepartment EndocrinologyDiabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumInsermUnit 1151,Prolactin/Growth Hormone Pathophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marcel T Twickler
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsGorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The NetherlandsLaboratory for Microbiology and Infection ControlAmphia Hospital, Breda, The NetherlandsDepartment EndocrinologyDiabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumInsermUnit 1151,Prolactin/Growth Hormone Pathophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Florence Boutillon
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsGorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The NetherlandsLaboratory for Microbiology and Infection ControlAmphia Hospital, Breda, The NetherlandsDepartment EndocrinologyDiabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumInsermUnit 1151,Prolactin/Growth Hormone Pathophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsGorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The NetherlandsLaboratory for Microbiology and Infection ControlAmphia Hospital, Breda, The NetherlandsDepartment EndocrinologyDiabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumInsermUnit 1151,Prolactin/Growth Hormone Pathophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsGorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The NetherlandsLaboratory for Microbiology and Infection ControlAmphia Hospital, Breda, The NetherlandsDepartment EndocrinologyDiabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumInsermUnit 1151,Prolactin/Growth Hormone Pathophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsGorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The NetherlandsLaboratory for Microbiology and Infection ControlAmphia Hospital, Breda, The NetherlandsDepartment EndocrinologyDiabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumInsermUnit 1151,Prolactin/Growth Hormone Pathophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Llansola M, Ahabrach H, Errami M, Cabrera-Pastor A, Addaoudi K, Felipo V. Impaired release of corticosterone from adrenals contributes to impairment of circadian rhythms of activity in hyperammonemic rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 536:164-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
7
|
Horii Y, Kawaguchi M, Ohta R, Hirano A, Watanabe G, Kato N, Himi T, Taya K. Male Hatano high-avoidance rats show high avoidance and high anxiety-like behaviors as compared with male low-avoidance rats. Exp Anim 2013; 61:517-24. [PMID: 23095815 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.61.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our prime objective was to establish an optimal model animal for studying avoidance learning and memory in rodents. The two-way rat inbred strains of Hatano high- (HAA) and low-avoidance (LAA) animals were originally selected and bred in accordance with their high or low performance respectively in the shuttle-box active avoidance task. Previous studies demonstrated that they have clear strain differences in endocrine stress response, which is related to acquisition of aversive learning and emotional reactivity. To evaluate the effect of selection by the shuttle-box task on avoidance performance and emotional reactivity, male Hatano rats underwent passive avoidance, open field and elevated plus maze tests. The present results show that the avoidance performance in the passive task was significantly greater in HAA rats than in LAA rats. Furthermore, HAA rats showed high anxiety-like behaviors compared with LAA rats in open field and elevated plus maze tests. Taken together, this study demonstrated that 1) selection and breeding of Hatano HAA and LAA strain rats by shuttle-box task had been properly carried out with the criterion of high and low avoidance performance respectively and that 2) HAA rats were predisposed to high anxiety compared with LAA rats. These results indicated that Hatano HAA and LAA rats can be useful models for studying avoidance learning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Horii
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Valdez SR, Bonafede MM, Carreño NB, Deis RP, Jahn GA. Lactation deficit in OFA hr/hr rats may be caused by differential sensitivity to stress compared with Wistar and Sprague Dawley rats. Stress 2012; 15:361-77. [PMID: 22150285 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2011.624223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OFA hr/hr (OFA) rats present a major lactation deficit that impairs offspring survival. To explore whether abnormal stress responsiveness causes this deficit, we compared their hormonal (prolactin, progesterone, and corticosterone) responses to stress (room change and 2-min ether exposure) with those of Wistar and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. We tested responses during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, lactation, after ovariectomy, and ovarian steroid hormone priming, and responses to suckling. We evaluated hypothalamic expression of receptors for prolactin (PRLRlong) and the isoforms of receptors for progesterone (PRA and B) and estrogen (ERα and β) in late pregnancy. We tested whether administration of an anxiolytic (diazepam) improved lactation. Ether exposure increased circulating levels of the three hormones in the three strains of rats, cycling and ovariectomized, but was less effective in pregnancy and lactation. Elevated estrogen level (estrus and estradiol-treated ovariectomized rats) potentiated the prolactin response more in SD and OFA rats than in Wistar rats. Elevated progesterone level (late pregnancy, lactation, progesterone-treated ovariectomized rats) inhibited the prolactin response less in OFA than in SD or Wistar rats. Ether exposure inhibited the prolactin and oxytocin responses to suckling only in OFA rats. Diazepam treatment increased pup survival rate and the prolactin response to suckling. Hypothalamic total PR mRNA content, assayed by RT-PCR, was higher in pregnant OFA rats compared with SD and Wistar rats, but the PRB/PRA protein ratio determined by Western blot was lowest in Wistar rats, intermediate in OFA rats, and highest in SD rats. The heightened sensitivity to stress of lactating OFA rats may contribute to their lactational deficit and be caused by a combination of hypoprolactinemia and reduced inhibitory capacity of progesterone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana R Valdez
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Lactancia, IMBECU, CCT-CONICET Mendoza, Casilla de Correos 855, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jaroenporn S, Nagaoka K, Ohta R, Watanabe G, Taya K. Prolactin induces phosphorylation of the STAT5 in adrenal glands of Hatano rats during stress. Life Sci 2009; 85:172-7. [PMID: 19481553 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the signaling of prolactin (PRL) in the adrenal gland during stress in Hatano high- (HAA) and low-avoidance (LAA) rats. MAIN METHODS Adrenal glands of both strains were collected at 0, 15 and 30 min after stress. The protein levels of phosphorylated STAT5 and the mRNA levels of melanocortin receptor 2 (MC2R) and PRL receptor (PRLR) were analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of bromocriptine-induced hypoprolactinemia on adrenocortical responses to stress were investigated. KEY FINDINGS Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations in HAA were greater than LAA, while the difference in PRL concentrations were found only at 120 min after stress induction. No strain differences were observed in corticosterone or progesterone in response to stress. The stress-induced increase in MC2R mRNA expression was higher in HAA, but there was a lowered PRLR mRNA expression. STAT5 become highly phosphorylated in response to stress in both strains, but bromocriptine led to a reduction the STAT5 phosphorylation. Exposure to bromocriptine was associated with a reduction in plasma PRL in response to stress in both strains, while the ACTH levels were not altered. However, the decrease in corticosterone and progesterone in response to stress was observed only in bromocriptine-treated LAA rats. SIGNIFICANCE These data show that PRL plays an important role in the regulation of corticosterone and progesterone release in LAA but not in HAA during stress. These results suggest that PRL increase in response to stress, and it acts on the adrenal cortex and thereby plays an important physiologic role in protecting against acute stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Jaroenporn
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jaroenporn S, Nagaoka K, Ohta R, Shirota M, Watanabe G, Taya K. Differences in adrenocortical secretory and gene expression responses to stimulation in vitro by ACTH or prolactin between high- and low-avoidance Hatano rats. Stress 2009; 12:22-9. [PMID: 18609294 DOI: 10.1080/10253890801976652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats of the Hatano high-avoidance (HAA) and low-avoidance (LAA) strains have been genetically selected on the basis of their two-way active avoidance behavior, and have different endocrine responses to stress. The present study focused on the adrenal steroid hormone responses of the Hatano strains and identifies differences in regulation of the adrenal cortex in vitro of HAA and LAA rats. Although incubation with prolactin (PRL) and/or adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) resulted in a dose-dependent increase of corticosterone and progesterone release by adrenal cells from both HAA and LAA male rats, the responses were markedly increased for adrenal cells from LAA rats as compared with HAA rats. This finding suggested that adrenal glands of HAA rats are less sensitive to PRL and/or ACTH than adrenals from LAA rats. Several possible intra-adrenal regulators were investigated. The basal level of expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and the long form of the PRL receptor (PRLR-L) mRNAs was higher in adrenals of LAA rats. ACTH treatment of adrenal cells from HAA rats resulted in statistically significant increases in melanocortin receptor 2 (MC2R) mRNA expression, while neither ACTH nor PRL altered MC2R mRNA expression in adrenal cells of LAA rats. Conversely, the increase in PRLR-L mRNA expression induced by PRL was observed only in adrenal cells from LAA rats. Treatment of adrenal cells with PRL and/or ACTH increased the expression of StAR and CYP11A1 mRNAs for both Hatano strains. However, the induction of StAR mRNA expression was higher in LAA rats, but the CYP11A1 response was lower. These findings indicate that adrenal cells of the LAA strain have higher sensitivity to secretagogues than those of the HAA strain. These results suggest that PRL may also be important in stimulating secretion of adrenal steroid hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Jaroenporn
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jaroenporn S, Yamamoto T, Itabashi A, Nakamura K, Azumano I, Watanabe G, Taya K. Effects of pantothenic acid supplementation on adrenal steroid secretion from male rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1205-8. [PMID: 18520055 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of pantothenic acid-supplementation on the adrenal secretion of corticosterone and progesterone in male rats were investigated using an in vitro cell culture system. Male rats at 21 d of age were given 0.03% pantothenic acid in their drinking water for 9 weeks. After 9 weeks of treatment, the animals were decapitated, and adrenal cells were cultured in the absence or presence of rat adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; 10(-15) to 10(-10) M) and/or ovine prolactin (oPRL; 10(-9) to 10(-7) M) for 4 h. Adrenal cells in pantothenic acid-treated rats exhibited higher basal levels of corticosterone and progesterone than control rats. The response of ACTH and/or PRL on corticosterone and progesterone release was higher in the pantothenic acid-treated rats than in the control rats. In addition, PRL increased the stimulatory effect of ACTH-induced corticosterone secretion in both normal and pantothenic acid-treated rats. These results clearly demonstrated that pantothenic acid supplementation stimulates the ability of adrenal cells in male rats to secrete corticosterone and progesterone. Additionally, these results also showed that pantothenic acid supplementation induced adrenal hyperresponsiveness to ACTH stimulation, and PRL further stimulated adrenal sensitivity to ACTH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Jaroenporn
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jaroenporn S, Furuta C, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G, Taya K. Comparative effects of prolactin versus ACTH, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone on cortisol release and proliferation of the adrenocortical carcinoma cell line H295R. Endocrine 2008; 33:205-9. [PMID: 18484195 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-008-9075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, using the H295R cell line as a model system, we investigated the role of prolactin (PRL) and steroid hormones in the growth regulation and cortisol release of adrenocortical cells. H295R cells were treated with increasing doses (10(-13)-10(-6) M) of PRL, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), progesterone (P(4)), testosterone (T), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). As expected, ACTH raised cortisol secretion and increased the proliferation rate of cultured cells. Incubation with T, DHT, E(2), and P(4) for 24 h did not significantly increase cortisol release. Conversely, PRL concentrations of 10(-8)-10(-6) M caused a significant increase in the release of cortisol. Long-term (5 days) stimulation of H295R cells with E(2), P(4), and PRL was a trigger to increased cell proliferation, while T and DHT did not alter H295R cell proliferation. Taken together, these results indicate that steroid hormones exert differential effects on adrenocortical function. Additionally, the present study demonstrates that PRL had biphasic actions in regulating adrenocortical function. PRL may form a novel regulatory system for steroid hormone secretion and cell proliferation in the adrenal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Jaroenporn
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|