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Wigger M, Tröder SE, Zevnik B. A simple and economic protocol for efficient in vitro fertilization using cryopreserved mouse sperm. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259202. [PMID: 34710162 PMCID: PMC8553151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of genome editing tools like CRISPR/Cas has substantially increased the number of genetically engineered mouse models in recent years. In support of refinement and reduction, sperm cryopreservation is advantageous compared to embryo freezing for archiving and distribution of such mouse models. The in vitro fertilization using cryopreserved sperm from the most widely used C57BL/6 strain has become highly efficient in recent years due to several improvements of the procedure. However, purchase of the necessary media for routine application of the current protocol poses a constant burden on budgetary constraints. In-house media preparation, instead, is complex and requires quality control of each batch. Here, we describe a cost-effective and easily adaptable approach for in vitro fertilization using cryopreserved C57BL/6 sperm. This is mainly achieved by modification of an affordable commercial fertilization medium and a step-by-step description of all other necessary reagents. Large-scale comparison of fertilization rates from independent lines of genetically engineered C57BL/6 mice upon cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization with our approach demonstrated equal or significantly superior fertilization rates to current protocols. Our novel SEcuRe (Simple Economical set-up for Rederivation) method provides an affordable, easily adaptable and harmonized protocol for highly efficient rederivation using cryopreserved C57BL/6 sperm for a broad application of colony management in the sense of the 3Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wigger
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- in vivo Research Facility, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon E. Tröder
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- in vivo Research Facility, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail: (BZ); (SET)
| | - Branko Zevnik
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- in vivo Research Facility, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail: (BZ); (SET)
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Hart-Johnson S, Mankelow K. Archiving genetically altered animals: a review of cryopreservation and recovery methods for genome edited animals. Lab Anim 2021; 56:26-34. [PMID: 33847177 DOI: 10.1177/00236772211007306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the ever-expanding numbers of genetically altered (GA) animals created in this new age of CRISPR/Cas, tools for helping the management of this vast and valuable resource are essential. Cryopreservation of embryos and germplasm of GA animals has been a widely used tool for many years now, allowing for the archiving, distribution and colony management of stock. However, each year brings an array of advances, improving survival rates of embryos, success rates of in-vitro fertilisation and the ability to better share lines and refine the methods to preserve them. This article will focus on the mouse field, referencing the latest developments and assessing their efficacy and ease of implementation, with a brief note on other common genetically altered species (rat, zebrafish, Xenopus, avian species and non-human Primates).
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Raspa M, Putti S, Paoletti R, Barboni B, Ramal-Sanchez M, Lanuti P, Marchisio M, D'Atri M, Ortolani C, Papa S, Valbonetti L, Bernabo N, Scavizzi F. The impact of five years storage/biobanking at -80°C on mouse spermatozoa fertility, physiology, and function. Andrology 2021; 9:989-999. [PMID: 33427410 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated how mouse spermatozoa can be efficiently stored for two years in a -80°C freezer, maintaining their ability to fertilize mouse eggs. OBJECTIVES The main objective here was to evaluate the effects of five years at -80°C compared to liquid nitrogen storage (LN2 , control condition) on mouse sperm viability, physiological parameters, and fertilization capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three different strains were used: C57BL/6N, C57BL/6J and CD1. Flow cytometry experiments were performed to analyze sperm viability (SYBR-14 + Propidium Iodide +Hoechst33342), the intracellular calcium concentration (Fluo 3-AM), the membrane lipid disorder (Merocyanine 540), and the mitochondrial activity (MitoTracker Red) in live spermatozoa. The in vitro fertilization (IVF) was used to evaluate the sperm fertilizing ability. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentage of live cells are reduced in B6N and B6J, but not in CD1 mice. However, in the live population no differences in terms of intracellular calcium concentration, membrane lipid disorder, and mitochondrial activity were reported when comparing both biobanking methods. Spermatozoa stored at -80°C for 5 years successfully fertilized the eggs and developed mouse embryo normally both in culture and in vivo, generating live pups with no differences compared to control samples stored in LN2 . DISCUSSION Long-term mouse sperm storage at -80°C (five years) could be considered an ideal alternative to the most common LN2 approach, giving economical and logistic advantages. Moreover, the precise information originated from the flow cytometry analysis stands up this technique as an optimal strategy to evaluate the sperm quality and ranking. CONCLUSION It is demonstrated here the possibility to store mouse spermatozoa for up to five years in a -80°C freezer with no significant differences compared to the storage in LN2 in terms of fertilizing ability, sperm viability, intracellular calcium concentration, membrane lipid disorder, and mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Raspa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo (Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Putti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo (Rome, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Marina Ramal-Sanchez
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario D'Atri
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino PU, Italy.,Sharp Solutions Software, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Ortolani
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino PU, Italy.,Sharp Solutions Software, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Papa
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino PU, Italy
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo (Rome, Italy.,Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Nicola Bernabo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo (Rome, Italy.,Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo (Rome, Italy
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Taylor CA, Shawlot W, Ren JX, Mukhopadhyay S. Generation and Validation of Tissue-Specific Knockout Strains for Toxicology Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 81:e86. [PMID: 31529798 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-specific knockout mice are widely used throughout scientific research. A principle method for generating tissue-specific knockout mice is the Cre-loxP system. Here, we give a detailed description of the steps required to generate and validate tissue-specific knockout mice using the Cre-loxP system. The first protocol describes how to use gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem cells to generate mice with conditional alleles. Subsequent protocols describe how to recover Cre transgenic mice from cryopreserved sperm using in vitro fertilization and present a breeding strategy for obtaining tissue-specific knockouts. Finally, methods are provided for validating the knockout mice using PCR of genomic DNA, reverse-transcription PCR and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR of mRNA, and immunoblot analysis of proteins. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherish A Taylor
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular & Molecular Biology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - William Shawlot
- Mouse Genetic Engineering Facility, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Jin Xiang Ren
- Mouse Genetic Engineering Facility, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular & Molecular Biology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Inoue R, Harada K, Wakayama S, Ooga M, Wakayama T. Improvement of a twice collection method of mouse oocytes by surgical operation. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:427-433. [PMID: 32507772 PMCID: PMC7593636 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse oocytes are generally collected after euthanasia. However, if oocytes were collected without euthanasia, then mice could be used to collect oocytes again after recovery. This condition is especially useful for mice that are genotypically rare. In this study, we examined the reusability of mice after collecting oocytes via a surgical operation. When oocytes were collected using medetomidine/midazolam/butorphanol combination anesthesia and examined for the quality of oocytes after in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), they could develop to full term at the same rate as controls. When oocytes were collected from those mice a second time, the average number of oocytes was reduced by nearly 1/3. However, the blastocyst and offspring rates of those oocytes after IVF or ICSI were the same as those of the control regardless of the recovery day period. Although germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes can be collected from all reused mice, the final number of offspring did not increase. Interestingly, when oocytes were collected from the front position of the ampulla, 76% of the oviducts possessed oocytes after reuse, and the average number of oocytes significantly increased to a level comparable to that of the control. Finally, we examined whether reused mice can be used as recipient females, and then healthy offspring were obtained similarly as the control recipients. In conclusion, we provide a new method to collect a sufficient number of oocytes from reused mice without concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Inoue
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kana Harada
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Sayaka Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ooga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
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Nakagata N, Takeo T. Basic mouse reproductive techniques developed and modified at the Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University. Exp Anim 2019; 68:391-395. [PMID: 31243193 PMCID: PMC6842795 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University was
established in 1998. We provide advanced research support services for the mouse-based
biomedical research community via an official and a premium mouse bank system. To
efficiently manage these mouse banks, we have actively developed and modified basic mouse
reproductive techniques. We shall introduce these techniques in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Toru Takeo
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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Takeo T, Sztein J, Nakagata N. The CARD Method for Mouse Sperm Cryopreservation and In Vitro Fertilization Using Frozen-Thawed Sperm. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1874:243-256. [PMID: 30353518 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8831-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years sperm cryopreservation was rapidly established as the technique to efficiently manage production, preservation, and transportation of genetically engineered mice. However, occasionally, the reduced fertility of the frozen-thawed mouse sperm can make it difficult to revitalize the mouse by in vitro fertilization (IVF). In particular, the frozen-thawed sperm of C57BL/6 mice, widely used as the background of choice for genetically engineered strains, show very low fertility after freezing and thawing. To overcome this problem, we have developed a new protocol for sperm cryopreservation and IVF with frozen-thawed C57BL/6 sperm as well as other mouse strains. This protocol has the following three modifications: (1) addition of L-glutamine to the sperm cryoprotectant, (2) addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin to the sperm preincubation medium, and (3) addition of reduced glutathione to the fertilization medium. These modifications greatly enhanced the fertility of frozen-thawed C57BL/6 sperm, resulting in a stable fertilization rate >80% in IVF. Our results indicate that this robust protocol for sperm cryopreservation may improve the archiving and distributing system for genetically engineered mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takeo
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Jorge Sztein
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Li MW, Glass OC, Zarrabi J, Baker LN, Lloyd KCK. Cryorecovery of Mouse Sperm by Different IVF Methods Using MBCD and GSH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 4. [PMID: 27413624 PMCID: PMC4940049 DOI: 10.4172/2375-4508.1000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Different protocols incorporating methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) have been reported to improve IVF recovery of cryopreserved mouse sperm on a C57BL/6 (J and N) genetic background. However, it is not clear which IVF protocol is most appropriate when using the various methods to cryorecover sperm with different sperm quality and sample volumes. Therefore, in the present study we correlated sperm motility with fertilization rate and compared the efficiency of different IVF methods using various sperm samples so as to establish general guidelines for mouse sperm cryorecovery by IVF. High linear correlation between sperm fertilization rate and progressive motility was found, R2 was 0.9623 and 0.9993 for pre-freezing and post-thaw progressive motility, respectively. High amounts of cryoprotective agent (CPA) were observed to impair both sperm capacitation and fertilization. Moreover, the presence of a large number of immotile sperm in the sperm-oocyte co-incubation drop was found to reduce IVF success which could be partially reversed by supplementation using monothioglycerol (MTG) during centrifugation. It was concluded that the efficiency of IVF using cryorecovered mouse sperm in media containing MBCD and GSH can be predicted from sperm progressive motility. High concentrations of CPA and immotile sperm should be mitigated prior to IVF. The optimum IVF method should be selected based on sperm sample volume and sperm parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wen Li
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, United States
| | - Olivia C Glass
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, United States
| | - Jasmin Zarrabi
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, United States
| | - Lisa N Baker
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, United States
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, United States
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Jia G, Fu X, Cheng K, Yue M, Jia B, Hou Y, Zhu S. Spermatozoa cryopreservation alters pronuclear formation and zygotic DNA demethylation in mice. Theriogenology 2015; 83:1000-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Guan M, Bogani D, Marschall S, Raspa M, Takeo T, Nakagata N, Fray M. In Vitro Fertilization in Mice Using the MBCD-GSH Protocol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 4:67-83. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo140059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Guan
- Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus; Oxfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Debora Bogani
- Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus; Oxfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Susan Marschall
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH); Neuherberg Germany
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBCN) CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC), A. Buzzati-Traverso Campus; Rome Italy
| | | | | | - Martin Fray
- Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus; Oxfordshire United Kingdom
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