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Fray M, ELBini-Dhouib I, Hamzi I, Doghri R, Srairi-Abid N, Lesur D, Benazza M, Abidi R, Barhoumi-Slimi T. Synthesis, characterization and in vivo antitumor effect of new α,β-unsaturated-2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2053993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fray
- Laboratory of Structural (bio)Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry LR99ES14, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - I. ELBini-Dhouib
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - I. Hamzi
- Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse en Chimie Organique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - R. Doghri
- Laboratory of Anatomo-Pathology, Institut Salah Azaiez, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - N. Srairi-Abid
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - D. Lesur
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cédex, France
| | - M. Benazza
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cédex, France
| | - R. Abidi
- Laboratoire d’Application de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et à l'Environnement (LACReSNE) LR05ES09, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - T. Barhoumi-Slimi
- Laboratory of Structural (bio)Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry LR99ES14, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Carthage, High Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Technopark of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Bernabò N, Valbonetti L, Raspa M, Fontana A, Palestini P, Botto L, Paoletti R, Fray M, Allen S, Machado-Simoes J, Ramal-Sanchez M, Pilato S, Scavizzi F, Barboni B. Graphene Oxide Improves in vitro Fertilization in Mice With No Impact on Embryo Development and Preserves the Membrane Microdomains Architecture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:629. [PMID: 32612987 PMCID: PMC7308453 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
During the latest years, human infertility worsened all over the world and is nowadays reputed as a global public health issue. As a consequence, the adoption of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) such as In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is undergoing an impressive increase. In this context, one of the most promising strategies is the innovative adoption of extra-physiological materials for advanced sperm preparation methods. Here, by using a murine model, the addition of Graphene Oxide (GO) at a specific concentration has demonstrated to increase the spermatozoa fertilizing ability in an IVF assay, finding that 0.5 μg/ml GO addition to sperm suspensions before IVF is able to increase both the number of fertilized oocytes and embryos created with a healthy offspring given by Embryo Transplantation (ET). In addition, GO treatment has been found more effective than that carried out with methyl-β-cyclodextrin, which represents the gold standard in promoting in vitro fertility of mice spermatozoa. Subsequent biochemical characterization of its interaction with male gametes has been additionally performed. As a result, it was found that GO exerts its positive effect by extracting cholesterol from membranes, without affecting the integrity of microdomains and thus preserving the sperm functions. In conclusion, GO improves IVF outcomes in vitro and in vivo, defining new perspectives for innovative strategies in the treatment of human infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bernabò
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,National Research Council - Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,National Research Council - Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council - Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Fontana
- Department of Pharmacy, D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Botto
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Machado-Simoes
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Marina Ramal-Sanchez
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Serena Pilato
- Department of Pharmacy, D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- National Research Council - Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Raspa M, Fray M, Paoletti R, Montoliu L, Giuliani A, Scavizzi F. A new, simple and efficient liquid nitrogen free method to cryopreserve mouse spermatozoa at -80 °C. Theriogenology 2018; 119:52-59. [PMID: 29982136 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mouse is widely used for biomedical research and an increasing number of genetically altered models are currently generated, therefore centralized repositories are essentials to secure the important mouse strains that have been developed. We have previously reported that spermatozoa of wild type and mutant strains frozen using standard laboratory protocols can be transported in dry ice (-79 °C) for 7 days and safely stored in a -80 °C freezer for up to two years. The objective of this new study was to compare the effects of the freezing techniques using LN2 or -80 °C freezer on fertility of frozen-thawed mouse spermatozoa. After thawing, sperm fertility was comparable (P > 0,05) between the LN2 and the -80 °C samples for at least 1 year. Furthermore, we showed that it is possible to freeze and store mouse semen directly at -80 °C and eventually transfer it to LN2 irrespective of storage time. This study is relevant because it shows for the first time that mouse spermatozoa can be efficiently frozen and stored at -80 °C with no use of liquid nitrogen for a long period of time. A new, simple, efficient and flexible, liquid nitrogen free, method was developed for freezing and maintaining spermatozoa of wild type and mutant C57BL/6N lines. Lines on this genetic background are used in collaborative research infrastructures for systematic phenotyping, e.g. the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) and therefore largely cryopreserved in repositories like EMMA/Infrafrontier. The importance of this finding will be especially useful for small laboratories with no or limited access to liquid nitrogen and for laboratories generating many mouse mutant lines by CRISPR/Cas9 who do not want to saturate the limited space of a LN2 tank, using a more accessible -80 °C freezer. This study underlines, once more, that mouse spermatozoa are very resistant and can be frozen, transported, shared and stored at -80 °C for a long time without a significant loss of viability. This new approach simplifies the freezing process and facilitates the long term storage of mouse spermatozoa at -80 °C, always allowing the transfer to LN2 for indefinite storage without noticeable detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council (IBCN), CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Fray
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lluis Montoliu
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain; CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- National Research Council (IBCN), CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
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Raspa M, Guan M, Paoletti R, Montoliu L, Ayadi A, Marschall S, Fray M, Scavizzi F. Dry ice is a reliable substrate for the distribution of frozen mouse spermatozoa: A multi-centric study. Theriogenology 2017; 96:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Nicod J, Davies RW, Cai N, Hassett C, Goodstadt L, Cosgrove C, Yee BK, Lionikaite V, McIntyre RE, Remme CA, Lodder EM, Gregory JS, Hough T, Joynson R, Phelps H, Nell B, Rowe C, Wood J, Walling A, Bopp N, Bhomra A, Hernandez-Pliego P, Callebert J, Aspden RM, Talbot NP, Robbins PA, Harrison M, Fray M, Launay JM, Pinto YM, Blizard DA, Bezzina CR, Adams DJ, Franken P, Weaver T, Wells S, Brown SDM, Potter PK, Klenerman P, Lionikas A, Mott R, Flint J. Genome-wide association of multiple complex traits in outbred mice by ultra-low-coverage sequencing. Nat Genet 2016; 48:912-8. [PMID: 27376238 PMCID: PMC4966644 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two bottlenecks impeding the genetic analysis of complex traits in rodents are access to mapping populations able to deliver gene-level mapping resolution, and the need for population specific genotyping arrays and haplotype reference panels. Here we combine low coverage sequencing (0.15X) with a novel method to impute the ancestral haplotype space in 1,887 commercially available outbred mice. We mapped 156 unique quantitative trait loci for 92 phenotypes at 5% false discovery rate. Gene-level mapping resolution was achieved at about a fifth of loci, implicating Unc13c and Pgc1-alpha at loci for the quality of sleep, Adarb2 for home cage activity, Rtkn2 for intensity of reaction to startle, Bmp2 for wound healing, Il15 and Id2 for several T-cell measures and Prkca for bone mineral content. These findings have implications for diverse areas of mammalian biology and demonstrate how GWAS can be extended via low-coverage sequencing to species with highly recombinant outbred populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Nicod
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Na Cai
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Carl Hassett
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Leo Goodstadt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Cormac Cosgrove
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin K Yee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vikte Lionikaite
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Carol Ann Remme
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M Lodder
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer S Gregory
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Tertius Hough
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Russell Joynson
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Hayley Phelps
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Barbara Nell
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Clare Rowe
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Joe Wood
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Alison Walling
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Nasrin Bopp
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jacques Callebert
- Department of Biochemistry, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, INSERM U942, Paris, France
| | - Richard M Aspden
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Nick P Talbot
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A Robbins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Harrison
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Martin Fray
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Department of Biochemistry, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, INSERM U942, Paris, France
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David A Blizard
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tom Weaver
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Sara Wells
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Steve D M Brown
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Paul K Potter
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arimantas Lionikas
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Richard Mott
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.,UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Raspa M, Mahabir E, Fray M, Volland R, Scavizzi F. Lack of transmission of murine norovirus to mice via in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and ovary transplantation. Theriogenology 2016; 86:579-88. [PMID: 26972226 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2003, murine norovirus (MNV) is still endemic in many rodent animal facilities. Our aim was to determine the risk of transmission of MNV (91% homology to MNV3) to embryo recipients and pups via assisted reproductive technologies, especially those which compromise the integrity of the zona pellucida. In vitro fertilization (IVF), assisted in vitro fertilization (AIVF) with reduced glutathione, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and ovary transplantation were performed. Murine norovirus was detected by qualitative and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. After natural infection of immunocompetent C57BL/6NTacCnrm and immunodeficient athymic nude mice with MNV, the mesenteric lymph nodes, small intestine, spleen, liver, lung, brain, ovary, and testis were infected at specific intervals for more than a 1-year period. At Week 12, the number of viral genomes per milligram of gonad from both strains was 20 to 50. Murine norovirus strictly adhered to spermatozoa collected from infected mice because three washes did not remove MNV from the sperm. After using MNV-positive sperm for IVF, AIVF, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, 27 to 30 genomes were detected in IVF (n = 100) and AIVF (n = 100) embryos from both mouse strains. Approximately 87% of MNV detected in these embryos was found in the zona pellucida. However, all embryo transfer recipients, pups, and ovary recipients were MNV-negative. The results indicate that manipulation of the germplasm through assisted reproductive technologies did not lead to transmission of MNV to mice. This may be because of the absence of an infectious dose or failure of the MNV strain to replicate effectively in developing embryos and the reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council (IBCN), CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC), Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Esther Mahabir
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Fray
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Ruth Volland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- National Research Council (IBCN), CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC), Monterotondo Scalo, Italy.
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Kaloff C, Anastassiadis K, Ayadi A, Baldock R, Beig J, Birling MC, Bradley A, Brown S, Bürger A, Bushell W, Chiani F, Collins F, Doe B, Eppig J, Finnell R, Fletcher C, Flicek P, Fray M, Friedel R, Gambadoro A, Gates H, Hansen J, Herault Y, Hicks G, Hörlein A, Hrabé de Angelis M, Iyer V, de Jong P, Koscielny G, Kühn R, Liu P, Lloyd K, Lopez R, Marschall S, Martínez S, McKerlie C, Meehan T, von Melchner H, Moore M, Murray S, Nagy A, Nutter L, Pavlovic G, Pombero A, Prosser H, Ramirez-Solis R, Ringwald M, Rosen B, Rosenthal N, Rossant J, Ruiz Noppinger P, Ryder E, Skarnes W, Schick J, Schnütgen F, Schofield P, Seisenberger C, Selloum M, Smedley D, Simpson E, Stewart A, Teboul L, Tocchini Valentini G, Valenzuela D, West A, Wurst W. Genome wide conditional mouse knockout resources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hood D, Moxon R, Purnell T, Richter C, Williams D, Azar A, Crompton M, Wells S, Fray M, Brown SDM, Cheeseman MT. A new model for non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae middle ear infection in the Junbo mutant mouse. Dis Model Mech 2015; 9:69-79. [PMID: 26611891 PMCID: PMC4728332 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.021659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute otitis media, inflammation of the middle ear, is the most common bacterial infection in children and, as a consequence, is the most common reason for antimicrobial prescription to this age group. There is currently no effective vaccine for the principal pathogen involved, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). The most frequently used and widely accepted experimental animal model of middle ear infection is in chinchillas, but mice and gerbils have also been used. We have established a robust model of middle ear infection by NTHi in the Junbo mouse, a mutant mouse line that spontaneously develops chronic middle ear inflammation in specific pathogen-free conditions. The heterozygote Junbo mouse (Jbo/+) bears a mutation in a gene (Evi1, also known as Mecom) that plays a role in host innate immune regulation; pre-existing middle ear inflammation promotes NTHi middle ear infection. A single intranasal inoculation with NTHi produces high rates (up to 90%) of middle ear infection and bacterial titres (104-105 colony-forming units/µl) in bulla fluids. Bacteria are cleared from the majority of middle ears between day 21 and 35 post-inoculation but remain in approximately 20% of middle ears at least up to day 56 post-infection. The expression of Toll-like receptor-dependent response cytokine genes is elevated in the middle ear of the Jbo/+ mouse following NTHi infection. The translational potential of the Junbo model for studying antimicrobial intervention regimens was shown using a 3 day course of azithromycin to clear NTHi infection, and its potential use in vaccine development studies was shown by demonstrating protection in mice immunized with killed homologous, but not heterologous, NTHi bacteria. Summary: Acute otitis media is an important disease in children. We describe a new infection model for translational research that uses the Junbo mouse mutant intranasally inoculated with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Hood
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Richard Moxon
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Tom Purnell
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Caroline Richter
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Debbie Williams
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Ali Azar
- Developmental Biology Division, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Michael Crompton
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Sara Wells
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Martin Fray
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Steve D M Brown
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Michael T Cheeseman
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0RD, UK Developmental Biology Division, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0RD, UK
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Mehta S, Williamson CM, Ball S, Tibbit C, Beechey C, Fray M, Peters J. Transcription driven somatic DNA methylation within the imprinted Gnas cluster. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117378. [PMID: 25659103 PMCID: PMC4319783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential marking of genes in female and male gametes by DNA methylation is essential to genomic imprinting. In female gametes transcription traversing differentially methylated regions (DMRs) is a common requirement for de novo methylation at DMRs. At the imprinted Gnas cluster oocyte specific transcription of a protein-coding transcript, Nesp, is needed for methylation of two DMRs intragenic to Nesp, namely the Nespas-Gnasxl DMR and the Exon1A DMR, thereby enabling expression of the Gnas transcript and repression of the Gnasxl transcript. On the paternal allele, Nesp is repressed, the germline DMRs are unmethylated, Gnas is repressed and Gnasxl is expressed. Using mutant mouse models, we show that on the paternal allele, ectopic transcription of Nesp traversing the intragenic Exon1A DMR (which regulates Gnas expression) results in de novo methylation of the Exon1A DMR and de-repression of Gnas just as on the maternal allele. However, unlike the maternal allele, methylation on the mutant paternal allele occurs post-fertilisation, i.e. in somatic cells. This, to our knowledge is the first example of transcript/transcription driven DNA methylation of an intragenic CpG island, in somatic tissues, suggesting that transcription driven de novo methylation is not restricted to the germline in the mouse. Additionally, Gnasxl is repressed on a paternal chromosome on which Nesp is ectopically expressed. Thus, a paternally inherited Gnas cluster showing ectopic expression of Nesp is “maternalised” in terms of Gnasxl and Gnas expression. We show that these mice have a phenotype similar to mutants with two expressed doses of Gnas and none of Gnasxl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Mehta
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Christine M. Williamson
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Ball
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Tibbit
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Beechey
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Fray
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Peters
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Guan
- Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council; Oxfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Debora Bogani
- Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council; Oxfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Susan Marschall
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH); Neuherberg Germany
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBCN) CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC); Rome Italy
| | - Toru Takeo
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Martin Fray
- Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council; Oxfordshire United Kingdom
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Abstract
Each year, thousands of new mouse models are generated around the world to further biomedical research. Unfortunately, the cost of maintaining mouse colonies makes it uneconomical to keep strains on the shelf that are not part of active research programs. Ideally, these retired strains should be archived. If this is not done and the line is simply killed off, the genetics are lost to future generations of scientists. Traditionally, embryo freezing has been used to cryopreserve mice, but this is expensive, time consuming, requires large numbers of donor females, and usually involves invasive superovulation procedures. Sperm freezing circumvents all of these disadvantages and is rapidly becoming the technique of choice for many repositories. This has been made possible through the use of refined cryoprotective agents and the development of improved in vitro fertilization techniques. This article describes two popular sperm freezing techniques employed by mouse repositories to archive spermatozoa using cryoprotective agents supplemented with either L-glutamine or monothioglycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Guan
- Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Guan
- Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus; Oxfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Debora Bogani
- Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus; Oxfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Susan Marschall
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH); Neuherberg Germany
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBCN) CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC), A. Buzzati-Traverso Campus; Rome Italy
| | | | | | - Martin Fray
- Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus; Oxfordshire United Kingdom
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Kenyon J, Guan M, Bogani D, Marschall S, Raspa M, Pickard A, Takeo T, Nakagata N, Fray M. Transporting mouse embryos and germplasm as frozen or unfrozen materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 4:47-65. [PMID: 25723918 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo140064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The 21st century has seen a huge proliferation in the availability of genetically altered mice. The availability of these resources has been accompanied by ever greater opportunities for international collaborations between laboratories involving the exchange of mouse strains. This exchange can involve significant costs in terms of animal welfare and transportation expenses. In an attempt to mitigate some of these costs, the mouse community has developed a battery of techniques that can be used to avoid transporting live mice. Transporting frozen embryos and sperm at liquid nitrogen (LN2 ) temperatures using dry shippers has been common practice for some time. However, current advances in this field have refined transportation procedures and introduced new techniques for disseminating embryos and sperm: for example, shipping frozen sperm on dry ice, exchanging unfrozen epididymides from which sperm can be extracted, and transporting frozen/thawed embryos in isotonic media. This article discusses some of the current practices used by laboratories to transport mouse strains around the world without having to exchange live mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Kenyon
- Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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14
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Ayadi A, Birling MC, Bottomley J, Bussell J, Fuchs H, Fray M, Gailus-Durner V, Greenaway S, Houghton R, Karp N, Leblanc S, Lengger C, Maier H, Mallon AM, Marschall S, Melvin D, Morgan H, Pavlovic G, Ryder E, Skarnes WC, Selloum M, Ramirez-Solis R, Sorg T, Teboul L, Vasseur L, Walling A, Weaver T, Wells S, White JK, Bradley A, Adams DJ, Steel KP, Hrabě de Angelis M, Brown SD, Herault Y. Mouse large-scale phenotyping initiatives: overview of the European Mouse Disease Clinic (EUMODIC) and of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Mouse Genetics Project. Mamm Genome 2012; 23:600-10. [PMID: 22961258 PMCID: PMC3463797 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two large-scale phenotyping efforts, the European Mouse Disease Clinic (EUMODIC) and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Mouse Genetics Project (SANGER-MGP), started during the late 2000s with the aim to deliver a comprehensive assessment of phenotypes or to screen for robust indicators of diseases in mouse mutants. They both took advantage of available mouse mutant lines but predominantly of the embryonic stem (ES) cells resources derived from the European Conditional Mouse Mutagenesis programme (EUCOMM) and the Knockout Mouse Project (KOMP) to produce and study 799 mouse models that were systematically analysed with a comprehensive set of physiological and behavioural paradigms. They captured more than 400 variables and an additional panel of metadata describing the conditions of the tests. All the data are now available through EuroPhenome database (www.europhenome.org) and the WTSI mouse portal (http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/), and the corresponding mouse lines are available through the European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), the International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC), or the Knockout Mouse Project (KOMP) Repository. Overall conclusions from both studies converged, with at least one phenotype scored in at least 80% of the mutant lines. In addition, 57% of the lines were viable, 13% subviable, 30% embryonic lethal, and 7% displayed fertility impairments. These efforts provide an important underpinning for a future global programme that will undertake the complete functional annotation of the mammalian genome in the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Ayadi
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, IGBMC/ICS-MCI, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7104, UMR964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
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15
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Bradley A, Anastassiadis K, Ayadi A, Battey JF, Bell C, Birling MC, Bottomley J, Brown SD, Bürger A, Bult CJ, Bushell W, Collins FS, Desaintes C, Doe B, Economides A, Eppig JT, Finnell RH, Fletcher C, Fray M, Frendewey D, Friedel RH, Grosveld FG, Hansen J, Hérault Y, Hicks G, Hörlein A, Houghton R, Hrabé de Angelis M, Huylebroeck D, Iyer V, de Jong PJ, Kadin JA, Kaloff C, Kennedy K, Koutsourakis M, Kent Lloyd KC, Marschall S, Mason J, McKerlie C, McLeod MP, von Melchner H, Moore M, Mujica AO, Nagy A, Nefedov M, Nutter LM, Pavlovic G, Peterson JL, Pollock J, Ramirez-Solis R, Rancourt DE, Raspa M, Remacle JE, Ringwald M, Rosen B, Rosenthal N, Rossant J, Ruiz Noppinger P, Ryder E, Schick JZ, Schnütgen F, Schofield P, Seisenberger C, Selloum M, Simpson EM, Skarnes WC, Smedley D, Stanford WL, Francis Stewart A, Stone K, Swan K, Tadepally H, Teboul L, Tocchini-Valentini GP, Valenzuela D, West AP, Yamamura KI, Yoshinaga Y, Wurst W. The mammalian gene function resource: the International Knockout Mouse Consortium. Mamm Genome 2012; 23:580-6. [PMID: 22968824 PMCID: PMC3463800 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, the International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) made the ambitious promise to generate mutations in virtually every protein-coding gene of the mouse genome in a concerted worldwide action. Now, 5 years later, the IKMC members have developed high-throughput gene trapping and, in particular, gene-targeting pipelines and generated more than 17,400 mutant murine embryonic stem (ES) cell clones and more than 1,700 mutant mouse strains, most of them conditional. A common IKMC web portal (www.knockoutmouse.org) has been established, allowing easy access to this unparalleled biological resource. The IKMC materials considerably enhance functional gene annotation of the mammalian genome and will have a major impact on future biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Bradley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | | | - Abdelkader Ayadi
- Institut Clinique de la Souris and Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - James F. Battey
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Cindy Bell
- Genome Canada, Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1 Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- Institut Clinique de la Souris and Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Joanna Bottomley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Steve D. Brown
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD UK
| | - Antje Bürger
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Wendy Bushell
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | | | - Christian Desaintes
- Infectious Diseases and Public Health, European Commission, DG Research & Innovation, 1049 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brendan Doe
- Istituto di Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo-Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Aris Economides
- Velocigene Division, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | | | - Richard H. Finnell
- The Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine, College Station, TX 77843-4485 USA
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | | | - Martin Fray
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD UK
| | - David Frendewey
- Velocigene Division, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Roland H. Friedel
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Icahn Medical Institute, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Frank G. Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Hansen
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yann Hérault
- Institut Clinique de la Souris and Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Geoffrey Hicks
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OV9 Canada
| | - Andreas Hörlein
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard Houghton
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | | | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vivek Iyer
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Pieter J. de Jong
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, CA 94609 USA
| | | | - Cornelia Kaloff
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karen Kennedy
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Manousos Koutsourakis
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - K. C. Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Susan Marschall
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeremy Mason
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Colin McKerlie
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, SickKids Foundation, Toronto, ON M5G2L3 Canada
| | - Michael P. McLeod
- The Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine, College Station, TX 77843-4485 USA
| | - Harald von Melchner
- Department of Molecular Haematology, University of Frankfurt Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mark Moore
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20205 USA
| | - Alejandro O. Mujica
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
- Velocigene Division, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Andras Nagy
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Mikhail Nefedov
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, CA 94609 USA
| | - Lauryl M. Nutter
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, SickKids Foundation, Toronto, ON M5G2L3 Canada
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- Institut Clinique de la Souris and Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | | | - Jonathan Pollock
- Division of Basic Neuroscience and Research, National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), Bethesda, MD 20892-0001 USA
| | - Ramiro Ramirez-Solis
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Derrick E. Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Istituto di Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo-Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Jacques E. Remacle
- Infectious Diseases and Public Health, European Commission, DG Research & Innovation, 1049 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Barry Rosen
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Nadia Rosenthal
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Janet Rossant
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, SickKids Foundation, Toronto, ON M5G2L3 Canada
| | - Patricia Ruiz Noppinger
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Charité, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ed Ryder
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Joel Zupicich Schick
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Molecular Haematology, University of Frankfurt Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Paul Schofield
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG UK
| | - Claudia Seisenberger
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- Institut Clinique de la Souris and Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Elizabeth M. Simpson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - William C. Skarnes
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Damian Smedley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1ST UK
| | | | - A. Francis Stewart
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) of the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Stone
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Kate Swan
- Genome Canada, Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1 Canada
| | | | - Lydia Teboul
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD UK
| | | | - David Valenzuela
- Velocigene Division, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Anthony P. West
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Ken-ichi Yamamura
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Center for Animal Resources and Development, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshinaga
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, CA 94609 USA
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V. (DZNE) Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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16
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Williamson CM, Ball ST, Dawson C, Mehta S, Beechey CV, Fray M, Teboul L, Dear TN, Kelsey G, Peters J. Uncoupling antisense-mediated silencing and DNA methylation in the imprinted Gnas cluster. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001347. [PMID: 21455290 PMCID: PMC3063750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that non-coding macroRNAs are major elements for silencing imprinted genes, but their mechanism of action is poorly understood. Within the imprinted Gnas cluster on mouse chromosome 2, Nespas is a paternally expressed macroRNA that arises from an imprinting control region and runs antisense to Nesp, a paternally repressed protein coding transcript. Here we report a knock-in mouse allele that behaves as a Nespas hypomorph. The hypomorph mediates down-regulation of Nesp in cis through chromatin modification at the Nesp promoter but in the absence of somatic DNA methylation. Notably there is reduced demethylation of H3K4me3, sufficient for down-regulation of Nesp, but insufficient for DNA methylation; in addition, there is depletion of the H3K36me3 mark permissive for DNA methylation. We propose an order of events for the regulation of a somatic imprint on the wild-type allele whereby Nespas modulates demethylation of H3K4me3 resulting in repression of Nesp followed by DNA methylation. This study demonstrates that a non-coding antisense transcript or its transcription is associated with silencing an overlapping protein-coding gene by a mechanism independent of DNA methylation. These results have broad implications for understanding the hierarchy of events in epigenetic silencing by macroRNAs. Genomic imprinting is a process resulting in expression of genes according to parental origin. Some imprinted genes are expressed when paternally derived and others when maternally derived. Thus imprinted genes are monoallelically expressed and one copy has to be silenced. There is evidence that some long non-coding RNAs, acting in cis, have a role in silencing. We investigated the role of Nespas, a gene for a non-coding RNA that is only expressed from the paternally derived chromosome in the Gnas cluster and runs antisense to its sense counterpart, Nesp. Expression of Nespas is associated with silencing of Nesp and a repressive methylation mark on the Nesp DNA. We generated a Nespas mutant with reduced levels of activity and showed that it down-regulated its sense counterpart Nesp, in the absence of a DNA methylation mark, but in the presence of an altered chromatin mark. We conclude that Nespas can repress Nesp by a mechanism independent of DNA methylation, by modulating a chromatin mark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Williamson
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Simon T. Ball
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Dawson
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics and Imprinting, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stuti Mehta
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Colin V. Beechey
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Fray
- Medical Research Council Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Teboul
- Medical Research Council Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - T. Neil Dear
- Medical Research Council Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Kelsey
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics and Imprinting, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Peters
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Hanna-Pladdy B, Enslein A, Fray M, Gajewski BJ, Pahwa R, Lyons KE. Utility of the NeuroTrax computerized battery for cognitive screening in Parkinson's disease: comparison with the MMSE and the MoCA. Int J Neurosci 2010; 120:538-43. [PMID: 20615057 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2010.496539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To determine the utility of a computerized assessment in Parkinson's disease (PD), we compared the cognitive performance of 50 PD patients on the NeuroTrax computerized battery relative to the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The results revealed fair agreement between impairment on the NeuroTrax and the MMSE (kappa=.291, p=.031) but only slight agreement between the NeuroTrax and the MoCA (kappa=.138, p = .054) and between the MoCA and the MMSE (kappa = .168, p = .069). The NeuroTrax identified 52% of the sample as average or above, 40% as below average, and 8% as impaired. The MoCA identified 54% of the sample as impaired (28% average or above and 18% below average), while the MMSE identified 66% as average or above (20% below average and 14% impaired). Several stepwise regressions revealed that executive and verbal functions were the best predictors of cognitive functioning on the NeuroTrax, while memory recall, serial sevens, naming, and abstraction were the best predictors on the MoCA. These results suggest that although the NeuroTrax may be useful in identifying executive cognitive deficits in PD, similar to the MMSE the NeuroTrax may lack optimal sensitivity. While the MoCA is sensitive, it may be too stringent in overclassifying PD patients as impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hanna-Pladdy
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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18
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Blake A, Pickford K, Greenaway S, Thomas S, Pickard A, Williamson CM, Adams NC, Walling A, Beck T, Fray M, Peters J, Weaver T, Brown SDM, Hancock JM, Mallon AM. MouseBook: an integrated portal of mouse resources. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:D593-9. [PMID: 19854936 PMCID: PMC2808969 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The MouseBook (http://www.mousebook.org) databases and web portal provide access to information about mutant mouse lines held as live or cryopreserved stocks at MRC Harwell. The MouseBook portal integrates curated information from the MRC Harwell stock resource, and other Harwell databases, with information from external data resources to provide value-added information above and beyond what is available through other routes such as International Mouse Stain Resource (IMSR). MouseBook can be searched either using an intuitive Google style free text search or using the Mammalian Phenotype (MP) ontology tree structure. Text searches can be on gene, allele, strain identifier (e.g. MGI ID) or phenotype term and are assisted by automatic recognition of term types and autocompletion of gene and allele names covered by the database. Results are returned in a tabbed format providing categorized results identified from each of the catalogs in MouseBook. Individual result lines from each catalog include information on gene, allele, chromosomal location and phenotype, and provide a simple click-through link to further information as well as ordering the strain. The infrastructure underlying MouseBook has been designed to be extensible, allowing additional data sources to be added and enabling other sites to make their data directly available through MouseBook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Blake
- MRC Harwell, Mammalian Genetics Unit and the Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
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19
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Wilkinson P, Sengerova J, Matteoni R, Chen CK, Soulat G, Ureta-Vidal A, Fessele S, Hagn M, Massimi M, Pickford K, Butler RH, Marschall S, Mallon AM, Pickard A, Raspa M, Scavizzi F, Fray M, Larrigaldie V, Leyritz J, Birney E, Tocchini-Valentini GP, Brown S, Herault Y, Montoliu L, de Angelis MH, Smedley D. EMMA--mouse mutant resources for the international scientific community. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:D570-6. [PMID: 19783817 PMCID: PMC2808872 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory mouse is the premier animal model for studying human disease and thousands of mutants have been identified or produced, most recently through gene-specific mutagenesis approaches. High throughput strategies by the International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) are producing mutants for all protein coding genes. Generating a knock-out line involves huge monetary and time costs so capture of both the data describing each mutant alongside archiving of the line for distribution to future researchers is critical. The European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA) is a leading international network infrastructure for archiving and worldwide provision of mouse mutant strains. It operates in collaboration with the other members of the Federation of International Mouse Resources (FIMRe), EMMA being the European component. Additionally EMMA is one of four repositories involved in the IKMC, and therefore the current figure of 1700 archived lines will rise markedly. The EMMA database gathers and curates extensive data on each line and presents it through a user-friendly website. A BioMart interface allows advanced searching including integrated querying with other resources e.g. Ensembl. Other resources are able to display EMMA data by accessing our Distributed Annotation System server. EMMA database access is publicly available at http://www.emmanet.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Wilkinson
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
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Pastorelli LM, Wells S, Fray M, Smith A, Hough T, Harfe BD, McManus MT, Smith L, Woolf AS, Cheeseman M, Greenfield A. Genetic analyses reveal a requirement for Dicer1 in the mouse urogenital tract. Mamm Genome 2009; 20:140-51. [PMID: 19169742 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-008-9169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in other classes of small RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) remain the most widely investigated and have been shown to play a role in a number of different processes in mammals. Many studies investigating miRNA function focus on the processing enzyme Dicer1, which is an RNAseIII protein essential for the biogenesis of active miRNAs through its cleavage of precursor RNA molecules. General deletion of Dicer1 in the mouse confirms that miRNAs are essential for development because embryos lacking Dicer1 fail to reach the end of gastrulation. Here we investigate the role of Dicer1 in urogenital tract development. We utilised a conditional allele of the Dicer1 gene and two Cre-expressing lines, driven by HoxB7 and Amhr2, to investigate the effect of Dicer1 deletion on both male and female reproductive tract development. Data presented here highlight an essential role for Dicer1 in the correct morphogenesis and function of the female reproductive tract and confirm recent findings that suggest Dicer1 is required for female fertility. In addition, HoxB7:Cre-mediated deletion in ureteric bud derivatives leads to a spectrum of anomalies in both males and females, including hydronephrotic kidneys and kidney parenchymal cysts. Male reproductive tract development, however, remains largely unaffected in the absence of Dicer1. Thus, Dicer1 is required for development of the female reproductive tract and also normal kidney morphogenesis.
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21
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Groszer M, Keays DA, Deacon RM, de Bono JP, Prasad-Mulcare S, Gaub S, Baum MG, French CA, Nicod J, Coventry JA, Enard W, Fray M, Brown SD, Nolan PM, Pääbo S, Channon KM, Costa RM, Eilers J, Ehret G, Rawlins JNP, Fisher SE. Impaired synaptic plasticity and motor learning in mice with a point mutation implicated in human speech deficits. Curr Biol 2008; 18:354-62. [PMID: 18328704 PMCID: PMC2917768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The most well-described example of an inherited speech and language disorder is that observed in the multigenerational KE family, caused by a heterozygous missense mutation in the FOXP2 gene. Affected individuals are characterized by deficits in the learning and production of complex orofacial motor sequences underlying fluent speech and display impaired linguistic processing for both spoken and written language. The FOXP2 transcription factor is highly similar in many vertebrate species, with conserved expression in neural circuits related to sensorimotor integration and motor learning. In this study, we generated mice carrying an identical point mutation to that of the KE family, yielding the equivalent arginine-to-histidine substitution in the Foxp2 DNA-binding domain. Homozygous R552H mice show severe reductions in cerebellar growth and postnatal weight gain but are able to produce complex innate ultrasonic vocalizations. Heterozygous R552H mice are overtly normal in brain structure and development. Crucially, although their baseline motor abilities appear to be identical to wild-type littermates, R552H heterozygotes display significant deficits in species-typical motor-skill learning, accompanied by abnormal synaptic plasticity in striatal and cerebellar neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Groszer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Keays
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M.J. Deacon
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph P. de Bono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Shweta Prasad-Mulcare
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room TS-20D, MSC 9411, Bethesda, Maryland 20852-9411
| | - Simone Gaub
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Muriel G. Baum
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catherine A. French
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Nicod
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A. Coventry
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Fray
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Steve D.M. Brown
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M. Nolan
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Svante Pääbo
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Rui M. Costa
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room TS-20D, MSC 9411, Bethesda, Maryland 20852-9411
| | - Jens Eilers
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Günter Ehret
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - J. Nicholas P. Rawlins
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
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22
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Parkinson N, Hardisty-Hughes RE, Tateossian H, Tsai HT, Brooker D, Morse S, Lalane Z, MacKenzie F, Fray M, Glenister P, Woodward AM, Polley S, Barbaric I, Dear N, Hough TA, Hunter AJ, Cheeseman MT, Brown SDM. Mutation at the Evi1 locus in Junbo mice causes susceptibility to otitis media. PLoS Genet 2007; 2:e149. [PMID: 17029558 PMCID: PMC1592239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM), inflammation of the middle ear, remains the most common cause of hearing impairment in children. It is also the most common cause of surgery in children in the developed world. There is evidence from studies of the human population and mouse models that there is a significant genetic component predisposing to OM, yet nothing is known about the underlying genetic pathways involved in humans. We identified an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced dominant mouse mutant Junbo with hearing loss due to chronic suppurative OM and otorrhea. This develops from acute OM that arises spontaneously in the postnatal period, with the age of onset and early severity dependent on the microbiological status of the mice and their air quality. We have identified the causal mutation, a missense change in the C-terminal zinc finger region of the transcription factor Evi1. This protein is expressed in middle ear basal epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and neutrophil leukocytes at postnatal day 13 and 21 when inflammatory changes are underway. The identification and characterization of the Junbo mutant elaborates a novel role for Evi1 in mammalian disease and implicates a new pathway in genetic predisposition to OM. Otitis media (OM), inflammation of the middle ear, is the most common cause of deafness in children. Although acute episodes of OM in children are associated with middle ear infections, in a substantial portion of cases recurrent episodes of OM, or a chronic suppurative OM, will develop. There is evidence from genetic studies of human families that there is a significant genetic component contributing to the development of recurrent and chronic forms of OM. However, the genes involved have not been identified. The authors have identified and characterized mouse mutants that demonstrate chronic OM as a route to identifying genes involved with OM. This study describes one mutant, Junbo, which shares many features with human OM. Junbo develops an acute OM following birth that subsequently develops into a chronic suppurative form of OM. Junbo carries a mutation in the transcription factor gene, Evi1. Evi1 is expressed in a variety of cell types in the middle ear lining when inflammatory changes are underway. The identification of the Junbo mutation implicates a new gene involved in predisposition to OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Parkinson
- Mammalian Gentics Unit, Medical Research Council, Harwell, United Kingdom
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23
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Keays DA, Tian G, Poirier K, Huang GJ, Siebold C, Cleak J, Oliver PL, Fray M, Harvey RJ, Molnár Z, Piñon MC, Dear N, Valdar W, Brown SD, Davies KE, Rawlins JNP, Cowan NJ, Nolan P, Chelly J, Flint J. Mutations in alpha-tubulin cause abnormal neuronal migration in mice and lissencephaly in humans. Cell 2007; 128:45-57. [PMID: 17218254 PMCID: PMC1885944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of the mammalian brain is dependent on extensive neuronal migration. Mutations in mice and humans that affect neuronal migration result in abnormal lamination of brain structures with associated behavioral deficits. Here, we report the identification of a hyperactive N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mouse mutant with abnormalities in the laminar architecture of the hippocampus and cortex, accompanied by impaired neuronal migration. We show that the causative mutation lies in the guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding pocket of α-1 tubulin (Tuba1) and affects tubulin heterodimer formation. Phenotypic similarity with existing mouse models of lissencephaly led us to screen a cohort of patients with developmental brain anomalies. We identified two patients with de novo mutations in TUBA3, the human homolog of Tuba1. This study demonstrates the utility of ENU mutagenesis in the mouse as a means to discover the basis of human neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Keays
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Guoling Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY10016, USA
| | - Karine Poirier
- Institut Cochin, INSERM Unité 567, CNRS UMR 8104, Université René Descartes – Paris 5, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Guo-Jen Huang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christian Siebold
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - James Cleak
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Peter L. Oliver
- MRC Functional Genetics Unit, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Martin Fray
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Robert J. Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Maria C. Piñon
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Neil Dear
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - William Valdar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Steve D.M. Brown
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Kay E. Davies
- MRC Functional Genetics Unit, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - J. Nicholas P. Rawlins
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Cowan
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY10016, USA
| | - Patrick Nolan
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Institut Cochin, INSERM Unité 567, CNRS UMR 8104, Université René Descartes – Paris 5, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Corresponding author
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24
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Ogonuki N, Mochida K, Miki H, Inoue K, Fray M, Iwaki T, Moriwaki K, Obata Y, Morozumi K, Yanagimachi R, Ogura A. Spermatozoa and spermatids retrieved from frozen reproductive organs or frozen whole bodies of male mice can produce normal offspring. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:13098-103. [PMID: 16920794 PMCID: PMC1550775 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605755103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of male germ cells is a strategy to conserve animal species and strains of animals valuable to biomedical research. We tested whether mouse male germ cells could be cryopreserved without cryoprotection by simply freezing epididymides, testes, or whole bodies. The reproductive organs were isolated from killed mice and frozen for 1 week to 1 year at -80 degrees C before spermatozoa and spermatids were collected and injected into mature oocytes. Normal pups were born irrespective of strains tested (ICR and C57BL/6). Epididymides and testes frozen and transported internationally to another laboratory by air could produce pups of inbred C57BL/6 mice. Testicular spermatozoa retrieved from the bodies of male mice (BALB/c nude and C3H/He strains) that had been kept frozen (-20 degrees C) for 15 years could also produce normal offspring by microinsemination. Thus, freezing of either male reproductive organs or whole bodies is the simplest way to preserve male germ cells. Restoration of extinct species could be possible if male individuals are found in permafrost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Ogonuki
- *Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Keiji Mochida
- *Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hiromi Miki
- *Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Kimiko Inoue
- *Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Martin Fray
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Takamasa Iwaki
- Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; and
| | - Kazuo Moriwaki
- *Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yuichi Obata
- *Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Kazuto Morozumi
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Ryuzo Yanagimachi
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96822
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Atsuo Ogura
- *Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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25
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Williamson CM, Turner MD, Ball ST, Nottingham WT, Glenister P, Fray M, Tymowska-Lalanne Z, Plagge A, Powles-Glover N, Kelsey G, Maconochie M, Peters J. Identification of an imprinting control region affecting the expression of all transcripts in the Gnas cluster. Nat Genet 2006; 38:350-5. [PMID: 16462745 DOI: 10.1038/ng1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting results in allele-specific silencing according to parental origin. Silencing is brought about by imprinting control regions (ICRs) that are differentially marked in gametogenesis. The group of imprinted transcripts in the mouse Gnas cluster (Nesp, Nespas, Gnasxl, Exon 1A and Gnas) provides a model for analyzing the mechanisms of imprint regulation. We previously identified an ICR that specifically regulates the tissue-specific imprinted expression of the Gnas gene. Here we identify a second ICR at the Gnas cluster. We show that a paternally derived targeted deletion of the germline differentially methylated region (DMR) associated with the antisense Nespas transcript unexpectedly affects both the expression of all transcripts in the cluster and methylation of two DMRs. Our results establish that the Nespas DMR is the principal ICR at the Gnas cluster and functions bidirectionally as a switch for modulating expression of the antagonistically acting genes Gnasxl and Gnas. Uniquely, the Nespas DMR acts on the downstream ICR at exon 1A to regulate tissue-specific imprinting of the Gnas gene.
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Ogonuki N, Mochida K, Shinmen A, Ohkawa M, Miki H, Inoue K, Fray M, Moriwaki K, Obata Y, Ogura A. 358 MICROINSEMINATION USING MALE GERM CELLS FROM EPIDIDYMIDES AND TESTES STORED IN FREEZERS WITHOUT CRYOPROTECTANT. Reprod Fertil Dev 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv18n2ab358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of male germ cells is a strategy for the conservation of species and strains valuable to biomedical researchers. However, to minimize damage that may occur during freezing and thawing, complex cryopreservation protocols that have been optimized for the stage and species of the male germ cell are usually employed. This study was undertaken to see whether mouse male germ cells could be safely cryopreserved for later use by freezing the whole epididymides and testes without cryoprotectant. Furthermore, we examined whether frozen male germ cells maintained their fertilization ability after international transportation on dry ice. Epididymides and testes were collected from sexually mature male ICR and C57BL/6Cr mice and placed in polypropylene cryotubes. The cryotubes were frozen at -80�C with or without a freezing container, or were plunged directly into liquid nitrogen (LN2). They were stored at -80�C or in LN2 from between one week and one year. Epididymides and testes were thawed by placing the cryotubes in a water bath at room temperature. B6D2F1 and C57BL/6Cr oocytes were microinseminated with either epididymal and testicular spermatozoa or round spermatids. After embryo transfer into pseudopregnant females, normal pups were obtained irrespective of the method of cryopreservation and cell type used. However, their birth rates (2-33%) were lower than those of our conventional microinsemination using fresh sperm or spermatids (20-60%). For transportation experiments, testes were collected from C57BL/6J mice and placed in a cryotube. The cryotubes were frozen at -80�C in a freezing container. On the day of transportation, the cryotubes were placed in a polystyrene foam case filled with dry ice and were transported from Harwell (UK) to Tsukuba (Japan) by air and land. After three days, the samples were delivered to the recipient facility and were stored at -80�C until use (about 1 month). After thawing and collection of spermatogenic cells, C57BL/6J oocytes were microinseminated with either testicular spermatozoa or elongated spermatids. After embryo transfer, 24 (34% per transfer) and 8 (16%) offspring, respectively, were obtained from the two groups. These results indicate that mouse male germ cells retain their nuclear integrity even after freezing epididymides or testes in freezers without cryoprotectant. Since this cryopreservation technique is very simple and allows storage at -80�C for at least several months, it may enable transportation of mouse male germ cells internationally on dry ice, even when the senders are not specialized in cryopreservation.
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