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Reissig LF, Herdina AN, Rose J, Maurer-Gesek B, Lane JL, Prin F, Wilson R, Hardman E, Galli A, Tudor C, Tuck E, Icoresi-Mazzeo C, White JK, Ryder E, Gleeson D, Adams DJ, Geyer SH, Mohun TJ, Weninger WJ. The Col4a2em1(IMPC)Wtsi mouse line: lessons from the Deciphering the Mechanisms of Developmental Disorders program. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.042895. [PMID: 31331924 PMCID: PMC6737985 DOI: 10.1242/bio.042895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Deciphering the Mechanisms of Developmental Disorders (DMDD) program uses a systematic and standardised approach to characterise the phenotype of embryos stemming from mouse lines, which produce embryonically lethal offspring. Our study aims to provide detailed phenotype descriptions of homozygous Col4a2em1(IMPC)Wtsi mutants produced in DMDD and harvested at embryonic day 14.5. This shall provide new information on the role Col4a2 plays in organogenesis and demonstrate the capacity of the DMDD database for identifying models for researching inherited disorders. The DMDD Col4a2em1(IMPC)Wtsi mutants survived organogenesis and thus revealed the full spectrum of organs and tissues, the development of which depends on Col4a2 encoded proteins. They showed defects in the brain, cranial nerves, visual system, lungs, endocrine glands, skeleton, subepithelial tissues and mild to severe cardiovascular malformations. Together, this makes the DMDD Col4a2em1(IMPC)Wtsi line a useful model for identifying the spectrum of defects and for researching the mechanisms underlying autosomal dominant porencephaly 2 (OMIM # 614483), a rare human disease. Thus we demonstrate the general capacity of the DMDD approach and webpage as a valuable source for identifying mouse models for rare diseases. Summary: We define the spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities linked with Col4a2 disruption and demonstrate the opportunities the Deciphering the Mechanisms of Developmental Disorders (DMDD) program offers for exploring rare human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F Reissig
- Division of Anatomy, MIC, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Nele Herdina
- Division of Anatomy, MIC, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Rose
- Division of Anatomy, MIC, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Maurer-Gesek
- Division of Anatomy, MIC, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jenna L Lane
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Fabrice Prin
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Robert Wilson
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Emily Hardman
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Antonella Galli
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Catherine Tudor
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Elizabeth Tuck
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Jacqueline K White
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ed Ryder
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Diane Gleeson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stefan H Geyer
- Division of Anatomy, MIC, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Timothy J Mohun
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Wolfgang J Weninger
- Division of Anatomy, MIC, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Liakath-Ali K, Vancollie VE, Lelliott CJ, Speak AO, Lafont D, Protheroe HJ, Ingvorsen C, Galli A, Green A, Gleeson D, Ryder E, Glover L, Vizcay-Barrena G, Karp NA, Arends MJ, Brenn T, Spiegel S, Adams DJ, Watt FM, van der Weyden L. Alkaline ceramidase 1 is essential for mammalian skin homeostasis and regulating whole-body energy expenditure. J Pathol 2016; 239:374-83. [PMID: 27126290 PMCID: PMC4924601 DOI: 10.1002/path.4737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin that acts as a barrier to protect the body from the external environment and to control water and heat loss. This barrier function is established through the multistage differentiation of keratinocytes and the presence of bioactive sphingolipids such as ceramides, the levels of which are tightly regulated by a balance of ceramide synthase and ceramidase activities. Here we reveal the essential role of alkaline ceramidase 1 (Acer1) in the skin. Acer1‐deficient (Acer1−/−) mice showed elevated levels of ceramide in the skin, aberrant hair shaft cuticle formation and cyclic alopecia. We demonstrate that Acer1 is specifically expressed in differentiated interfollicular epidermis, infundibulum and sebaceous glands and consequently Acer1−/− mice have significant alterations in infundibulum and sebaceous gland architecture. Acer1−/− skin also shows perturbed hair follicle stem cell compartments. These alterations result in Acer1−/− mice showing increased transepidermal water loss and a hypermetabolism phenotype with associated reduction of fat content with age. We conclude that Acer1 is indispensable for mammalian skin homeostasis and whole‐body energy homeostasis. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kifayathullah Liakath-Ali
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - David Lafont
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Camilla Ingvorsen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Angela Green
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diane Gleeson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ed Ryder
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leanne Glover
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Gema Vizcay-Barrena
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Mark J Arends
- University of Edinburgh Division of Pathology, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Brenn
- NHS Lothian University Hospitals Trust and University of Edinburgh, Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, UK
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3
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Kaloff C, Anastassiadis K, Ayadi A, Baldock R, Beig J, Birling MC, Bradley A, Brown S, Bürger A, Bushell W, Chiani F, Collins F, Doe B, Eppig J, Finnell R, Fletcher C, Flicek P, Fray M, Friedel R, Gambadoro A, Gates H, Hansen J, Herault Y, Hicks G, Hörlein A, Hrabé de Angelis M, Iyer V, de Jong P, Koscielny G, Kühn R, Liu P, Lloyd K, Lopez R, Marschall S, Martínez S, McKerlie C, Meehan T, von Melchner H, Moore M, Murray S, Nagy A, Nutter L, Pavlovic G, Pombero A, Prosser H, Ramirez-Solis R, Ringwald M, Rosen B, Rosenthal N, Rossant J, Ruiz Noppinger P, Ryder E, Skarnes W, Schick J, Schnütgen F, Schofield P, Seisenberger C, Selloum M, Smedley D, Simpson E, Stewart A, Teboul L, Tocchini Valentini G, Valenzuela D, West A, Wurst W. Genome wide conditional mouse knockout resources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Lowe N, Rees JS, Roote J, Ryder E, Armean IM, Johnson G, Drummond E, Spriggs H, Drummond J, Magbanua JP, Naylor H, Sanson B, Bastock R, Huelsmann S, Trovisco V, Landgraf M, Knowles-Barley S, Armstrong JD, White-Cooper H, Hansen C, Phillips RG, Lilley KS, Russell S, St Johnston D. Analysis of the expression patterns, subcellular localisations and interaction partners of Drosophila proteins using a pigP protein trap library. Development 2014; 141:3994-4005. [PMID: 25294943 PMCID: PMC4197710 DOI: 10.1242/dev.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although we now have a wealth of information on the transcription patterns of all the genes in the Drosophila genome, much less is known about the properties of the encoded proteins. To provide information on the expression patterns and subcellular localisations of many proteins in parallel, we have performed a large-scale protein trap screen using a hybrid piggyBac vector carrying an artificial exon encoding yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and protein affinity tags. From screening 41 million embryos, we recovered 616 verified independent YFP-positive lines representing protein traps in 374 genes, two-thirds of which had not been tagged in previous P element protein trap screens. Over 20 different research groups then characterized the expression patterns of the tagged proteins in a variety of tissues and at several developmental stages. In parallel, we purified many of the tagged proteins from embryos using the affinity tags and identified co-purifying proteins by mass spectrometry. The fly stocks are publicly available through the Kyoto Drosophila Genetics Resource Center. All our data are available via an open access database (Flannotator), which provides comprehensive information on the expression patterns, subcellular localisations and in vivo interaction partners of the trapped proteins. Our resource substantially increases the number of available protein traps in Drosophila and identifies new markers for cellular organelles and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Lowe
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Johanna S Rees
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - John Roote
- The Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Ed Ryder
- The Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Irina M Armean
- The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Glynnis Johnson
- The Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Emma Drummond
- The Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Helen Spriggs
- The Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Jenny Drummond
- The Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Jose P Magbanua
- The Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Huw Naylor
- The Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Bénédicte Sanson
- The Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Rebecca Bastock
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Sven Huelsmann
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Vitor Trovisco
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Matthias Landgraf
- The Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Seymour Knowles-Barley
- Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
| | - J Douglas Armstrong
- Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
| | - Helen White-Cooper
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Celia Hansen
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Adrian Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Roger G Phillips
- Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, John Maynard Smith Building, Falmer, Brighton and Hove BN1 9QG, UK
| | | | - Kathryn S Lilley
- The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Steven Russell
- The Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Daniel St Johnston
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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5
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White JK, Gerdin AK, Karp NA, Ryder E, Buljan M, Bussell JN, Salisbury J, Clare S, Ingham NJ, Podrini C, Houghton R, Estabel J, Bottomley JR, Melvin DG, Sunter D, Adams NC, Tannahill D, Logan DW, Macarthur DG, Flint J, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH, Smyth I, Watt FM, Skarnes WC, Dougan G, Adams DJ, Ramirez-Solis R, Bradley A, Steel KP. Genome-wide generation and systematic phenotyping of knockout mice reveals new roles for many genes. Cell 2013; 154:452-64. [PMID: 23870131 PMCID: PMC3717207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in whole organisms are powerful ways of interrogating gene function in a realistic context. We describe a program, the Sanger Institute Mouse Genetics Project, that provides a step toward the aim of knocking out all genes and screening each line for a broad range of traits. We found that hitherto unpublished genes were as likely to reveal phenotypes as known genes, suggesting that novel genes represent a rich resource for investigating the molecular basis of disease. We found many unexpected phenotypes detected only because we screened for them, emphasizing the value of screening all mutants for a wide range of traits. Haploinsufficiency and pleiotropy were both surprisingly common. Forty-two percent of genes were essential for viability, and these were less likely to have a paralog and more likely to contribute to a protein complex than other genes. Phenotypic data and more than 900 mutants are openly available for further analysis. PaperClip
Large openly available resource of targeted mouse mutants and phenotypic data Screen for broad range of disease features and traits Many novel phenotypes suggest functions for both studied and unstudied genes Haploinsufficiency and pleiotropy are common
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6
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Ayadi A, Birling MC, Bottomley J, Bussell J, Fuchs H, Fray M, Gailus-Durner V, Greenaway S, Houghton R, Karp N, Leblanc S, Lengger C, Maier H, Mallon AM, Marschall S, Melvin D, Morgan H, Pavlovic G, Ryder E, Skarnes WC, Selloum M, Ramirez-Solis R, Sorg T, Teboul L, Vasseur L, Walling A, Weaver T, Wells S, White JK, Bradley A, Adams DJ, Steel KP, Hrabě de Angelis M, Brown SD, Herault Y. Mouse large-scale phenotyping initiatives: overview of the European Mouse Disease Clinic (EUMODIC) and of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Mouse Genetics Project. Mamm Genome 2012; 23:600-10. [PMID: 22961258 PMCID: PMC3463797 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two large-scale phenotyping efforts, the European Mouse Disease Clinic (EUMODIC) and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Mouse Genetics Project (SANGER-MGP), started during the late 2000s with the aim to deliver a comprehensive assessment of phenotypes or to screen for robust indicators of diseases in mouse mutants. They both took advantage of available mouse mutant lines but predominantly of the embryonic stem (ES) cells resources derived from the European Conditional Mouse Mutagenesis programme (EUCOMM) and the Knockout Mouse Project (KOMP) to produce and study 799 mouse models that were systematically analysed with a comprehensive set of physiological and behavioural paradigms. They captured more than 400 variables and an additional panel of metadata describing the conditions of the tests. All the data are now available through EuroPhenome database (www.europhenome.org) and the WTSI mouse portal (http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/), and the corresponding mouse lines are available through the European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), the International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC), or the Knockout Mouse Project (KOMP) Repository. Overall conclusions from both studies converged, with at least one phenotype scored in at least 80% of the mutant lines. In addition, 57% of the lines were viable, 13% subviable, 30% embryonic lethal, and 7% displayed fertility impairments. These efforts provide an important underpinning for a future global programme that will undertake the complete functional annotation of the mammalian genome in the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Ayadi
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, IGBMC/ICS-MCI, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7104, UMR964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
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7
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Bradley A, Anastassiadis K, Ayadi A, Battey JF, Bell C, Birling MC, Bottomley J, Brown SD, Bürger A, Bult CJ, Bushell W, Collins FS, Desaintes C, Doe B, Economides A, Eppig JT, Finnell RH, Fletcher C, Fray M, Frendewey D, Friedel RH, Grosveld FG, Hansen J, Hérault Y, Hicks G, Hörlein A, Houghton R, Hrabé de Angelis M, Huylebroeck D, Iyer V, de Jong PJ, Kadin JA, Kaloff C, Kennedy K, Koutsourakis M, Kent Lloyd KC, Marschall S, Mason J, McKerlie C, McLeod MP, von Melchner H, Moore M, Mujica AO, Nagy A, Nefedov M, Nutter LM, Pavlovic G, Peterson JL, Pollock J, Ramirez-Solis R, Rancourt DE, Raspa M, Remacle JE, Ringwald M, Rosen B, Rosenthal N, Rossant J, Ruiz Noppinger P, Ryder E, Schick JZ, Schnütgen F, Schofield P, Seisenberger C, Selloum M, Simpson EM, Skarnes WC, Smedley D, Stanford WL, Francis Stewart A, Stone K, Swan K, Tadepally H, Teboul L, Tocchini-Valentini GP, Valenzuela D, West AP, Yamamura KI, Yoshinaga Y, Wurst W. The mammalian gene function resource: the International Knockout Mouse Consortium. Mamm Genome 2012; 23:580-6. [PMID: 22968824 PMCID: PMC3463800 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, the International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) made the ambitious promise to generate mutations in virtually every protein-coding gene of the mouse genome in a concerted worldwide action. Now, 5 years later, the IKMC members have developed high-throughput gene trapping and, in particular, gene-targeting pipelines and generated more than 17,400 mutant murine embryonic stem (ES) cell clones and more than 1,700 mutant mouse strains, most of them conditional. A common IKMC web portal (www.knockoutmouse.org) has been established, allowing easy access to this unparalleled biological resource. The IKMC materials considerably enhance functional gene annotation of the mammalian genome and will have a major impact on future biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Bradley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | | | - Abdelkader Ayadi
- Institut Clinique de la Souris and Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - James F. Battey
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Cindy Bell
- Genome Canada, Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1 Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- Institut Clinique de la Souris and Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Joanna Bottomley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Steve D. Brown
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD UK
| | - Antje Bürger
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Wendy Bushell
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | | | - Christian Desaintes
- Infectious Diseases and Public Health, European Commission, DG Research & Innovation, 1049 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brendan Doe
- Istituto di Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo-Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Aris Economides
- Velocigene Division, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | | | - Richard H. Finnell
- The Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine, College Station, TX 77843-4485 USA
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | | | - Martin Fray
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD UK
| | - David Frendewey
- Velocigene Division, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Roland H. Friedel
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Icahn Medical Institute, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Frank G. Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Hansen
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yann Hérault
- Institut Clinique de la Souris and Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Geoffrey Hicks
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OV9 Canada
| | - Andreas Hörlein
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard Houghton
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | | | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vivek Iyer
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Pieter J. de Jong
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, CA 94609 USA
| | | | - Cornelia Kaloff
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karen Kennedy
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Manousos Koutsourakis
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - K. C. Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Susan Marschall
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeremy Mason
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Colin McKerlie
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, SickKids Foundation, Toronto, ON M5G2L3 Canada
| | - Michael P. McLeod
- The Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine, College Station, TX 77843-4485 USA
| | - Harald von Melchner
- Department of Molecular Haematology, University of Frankfurt Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mark Moore
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20205 USA
| | - Alejandro O. Mujica
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
- Velocigene Division, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Andras Nagy
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Mikhail Nefedov
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, CA 94609 USA
| | - Lauryl M. Nutter
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, SickKids Foundation, Toronto, ON M5G2L3 Canada
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- Institut Clinique de la Souris and Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | | | - Jonathan Pollock
- Division of Basic Neuroscience and Research, National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), Bethesda, MD 20892-0001 USA
| | - Ramiro Ramirez-Solis
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Derrick E. Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Istituto di Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo-Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Jacques E. Remacle
- Infectious Diseases and Public Health, European Commission, DG Research & Innovation, 1049 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Barry Rosen
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Nadia Rosenthal
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Janet Rossant
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, SickKids Foundation, Toronto, ON M5G2L3 Canada
| | - Patricia Ruiz Noppinger
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Charité, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ed Ryder
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Joel Zupicich Schick
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Molecular Haematology, University of Frankfurt Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Paul Schofield
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG UK
| | - Claudia Seisenberger
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- Institut Clinique de la Souris and Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Elizabeth M. Simpson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - William C. Skarnes
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Damian Smedley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1ST UK
| | | | - A. Francis Stewart
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) of the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Stone
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Kate Swan
- Genome Canada, Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1 Canada
| | | | - Lydia Teboul
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD UK
| | | | - David Valenzuela
- Velocigene Division, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Anthony P. West
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH UK
| | - Ken-ichi Yamamura
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Center for Animal Resources and Development, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshinaga
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, CA 94609 USA
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V. (DZNE) Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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8
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Gregolin C, Ryder E, Warner RC, Kleinschmidt AK, Lane MD. Liver acetyl coa carboxylase: the dissociation-reassociation process and its relation to catalytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 56:1751-8. [PMID: 16591416 PMCID: PMC220167 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.56.6.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Gregolin
- DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
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9
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Ryder E, Spriggs H, Drummond E, St Johnston D, Russell S. The Flannotator--a gene and protein expression annotation tool for Drosophila melanogaster. Bioinformatics 2009; 25:548-9. [PMID: 19126575 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Understanding developmental processes and building towards integrative systems biology require detailed knowledge of the spatio-temporal expression of genes and proteins. We have developed a software package for collecting, storing and searching the annotation of protein or gene expression patterns in Drosophila melanogaster. Using standard Drosophila anatomy and Gene Ontologies, the system can readily capture expression patterns at any stage of development and in all recognized tissue types as well as details of sub-cellular localization. The web-based system allows multiple groups to work in collaboration and share images and annotation. AVAILABILITY http://www.flannotator.org.uk/.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ryder
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
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10
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Page R, Crowther DC, Chandraratna D, Ryder E, Bautista-Llacer R, Lomas DA. P1–082: Using a
Drosophila
model of Alzheimer's disease to direct the search for genetic modifiers of Aβ
1–42
neurotoxicity. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ed Ryder
- University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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11
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The MAMMOT software suite is a collection of Perl and PHP scripts for designing, annotating and visualizing genome tiling arrays to, for example, facilitate studies into the epigenetics of gene regulation. The web design allows rapid experimental data entry from multiple users, and results can easily be shared between groups and individuals. AVAILABILITY http://www.mammot.org.uk/ CONTACT e.ryder@gen.cam.ac.uk.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ryder
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
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12
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Danesh J, Lewington S, Thompson SG, Lowe GDO, Collins R, Kostis JB, Wilson AC, Folsom AR, Wu K, Benderly M, Goldbourt U, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Yarnell JWG, Sweetnam PM, Elwood PC, Cushman M, Psaty BM, Tracy RP, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Haverkate F, de Maat MPM, Fowkes FGR, Lee AJ, Smith FB, Salomaa V, Harald K, Rasi R, Vahtera E, Jousilahti P, Pekkanen J, D'Agostino R, Kannel WB, Wilson PWF, Tofler G, Arocha-Piñango CL, Rodriguez-Larralde A, Nagy E, Mijares M, Espinosa R, Rodriquez-Roa E, Ryder E, Diez-Ewald MP, Campos G, Fernandez V, Torres E, Marchioli R, Valagussa F, Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L, Lappas G, Eriksson H, Cremer P, Nagel D, Curb JD, Rodriguez B, Yano K, Salonen JT, Nyyssönen K, Tuomainen TP, Hedblad B, Lind P, Loewel H, Koenig W, Meade TW, Cooper JA, De Stavola B, Knottenbelt C, Miller GJ, Cooper JA, Bauer KA, Rosenberg RD, Sato S, Kitamura A, Naito Y, Palosuo T, Ducimetiere P, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Evans AE, Ferrieres J, Juhan-Vague I, Bingham A, Schulte H, Assmann G, Cantin B, Lamarche B, Després JP, Dagenais GR, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Woodward M, Ben-Shlomo Y, Davey Smith G, Palmieri V, Yeh JL, Rudnicka A, Ridker P, Rodeghiero F, Tosetto A, Shepherd J, Ford I, Robertson M, Brunner E, Shipley M, Feskens EJM, Kromhout D, Dickinson A, Ireland B, Juzwishin K, Kaptoge S, Lewington S, Memon A, Sarwar N, Walker M, Wheeler J, White I, Wood A. Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. JAMA 2005; 294:1799-809. [PMID: 16219884 DOI: 10.1001/jama.294.14.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plasma fibrinogen levels may be associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationships of fibrinogen levels with risk of major vascular and with risk of nonvascular outcomes based on individual participant data. DATA SOURCES Relevant studies were identified by computer-assisted searches, hand searches of reference lists, and personal communication with relevant investigators. STUDY SELECTION All identified prospective studies were included with information available on baseline fibrinogen levels and details of subsequent major vascular morbidity and/or cause-specific mortality during at least 1 year of follow-up. Studies were excluded if they recruited participants on the basis of having had a previous history of cardiovascular disease; participants with known preexisting CHD or stroke were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Individual records were provided on each of 154,211 participants in 31 prospective studies. During 1.38 million person-years of follow-up, there were 6944 first nonfatal myocardial infarctions or stroke events and 13,210 deaths. Cause-specific mortality was generally available. Analyses involved proportional hazards modeling with adjustment for confounding by known cardiovascular risk factors and for regression dilution bias. DATA SYNTHESIS Within each age group considered (40-59, 60-69, and > or =70 years), there was an approximately log-linear association with usual fibrinogen level for the risk of any CHD, any stroke, other vascular (eg, non-CHD, nonstroke) mortality, and nonvascular mortality. There was no evidence of a threshold within the range of usual fibrinogen level studied at any age. The age- and sex- adjusted hazard ratio per 1-g/L increase in usual fibrinogen level for CHD was 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.24-2.60); stroke, 2.06 (95% CI, 1.83-2.33); other vascular mortality, 2.76 (95% CI, 2.28-3.35); and nonvascular mortality, 2.03 (95% CI, 1.90-2.18). The hazard ratios for CHD and stroke were reduced to about 1.8 after further adjustment for measured values of several established vascular risk factors. In a subset of 7011 participants with available C-reactive protein values, the findings for CHD were essentially unchanged following additional adjustment for C-reactive protein. The associations of fibrinogen level with CHD or stroke did not differ substantially according to sex, smoking, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, or several features of study design. CONCLUSIONS In this large individual participant meta-analysis, moderately strong associations were found between usual plasma fibrinogen level and the risks of CHD, stroke, other vascular mortality, and nonvascular mortality in a wide range of circumstances in healthy middle-aged adults. Assessment of any causal relevance of elevated fibrinogen levels to disease requires additional research.
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13
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el Ansari W, Russell J, Spence W, Ryder E, Chambers C. New skills for a new age: leading the introduction of public health concepts in healthcare curricula. Public Health 2003; 117:77-87. [PMID: 12802973 DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3506(02)00020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Health policy in the UK is going through significant changes. At the heart of the transformation is a dedicated focus on public health. The new primary-care-based health system will not only be premised on a specialist public health workforce, but also on broader based public-health-oriented health professionals. Within primary care, widening the foundation of health professionals with public health competencies suggests that higher education bodies will need to adapt their curricula to an approach that highlights population-based health principles, preventive philosophy, and public health concepts and methods. The first part of this paper describes the mapping of the public health content of healthcare curricula at one university in England, based on the 10 public health standard areas of competencies of the Faculty of Public Health Medicine. The second part examines, through the findings of a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis, the factors that advocates for a public-health-oriented educational strategy must examine before embarking on the instigation and development of public health concepts in the healthcare curricula. The aspects that necessitate consideration include strengths such as the prevailing policy, market forces, commitment, and motivation to the effort, and the availability of resources, information and external contacts. Features such as political drive and advocacy, interest in the education debate, collaborative links through joint working and partnerships, and ongoing internal reforms and restructuring could all act as opportunities. However, resistance and anxiety are to be expected, the operationalization of the effort and empowerment of those leading it need to be thought about, and issues of control and interests are critical. The presence of conflicting priorities and competition or the lack of vision and directives, or uncertainty about change, could act as threats and barriers to the effort. If shifting the 'traditional' healthcare curricula to a more 'innovative' public-health-oriented one is to be a success, administrators of educational change will need to take into account a 'melange' of factors and stakeholders involved in a gradual and incremental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- W el Ansari
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Health and Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, Heritage Gate, Sandringham House, Sandy Lane West, Oxford OX4 6LB, UK.
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14
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Ryder E. Needs of older people in the community: issues for PCGs and PCTs. Br J Community Nurs 2001; 6:638-44. [PMID: 11832793 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2001.6.12.9449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
National policy (Department of Health, 1997, 2000) is directing care provision to being appropriate to meet people's needs; to be effective; evidence-based; efficient and economic. Primary care groups (PCGs) and trusts (PCTs) have been identified as being the organizations to deliver such care. Since the introduction of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990, certain issues have been highlighted as having implications for the provision of an 'ideal' service for older people on the community. These issues focus around three main areas: assessment of need; working in partnership and quality of service provision. This article discusses these issues and their implications for PCGs/PCTs in relation to supporting older people in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ryder
- Department of Public and Community Health, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford
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15
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Ryder E, Gómez ME, Fernández V, Campos G, Morales LM, Valbuena H, Raleigh X. [Glucose/insulin response to a glucose overload in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes]. Invest Clin 2001; 42:269-81. [PMID: 11787271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
With the purpose of determining how certain risk factors for type 2 diabetes such as family history of diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia, affect the glucose-insulin response to a glucose challenge, 135 individuals (77 women and 58) men were studied. Their ages ranged from 20-68 years, their basal glycemic values were less than 110 mg/dL but they were considered at risk for diabetes due to the presence of one or more of those factors. We found that the presence of those risk factors did not affect the glycemic response in any case. However, the basal insulin levels as well as the post-challenge values were increased significantly (p < 0.0001) by the presence of obesity in men as well as in women. Dyslipidemia increased the basal and post challenge glucose insulin values only in men (p < 0.002). The coexistence of obesity and family history of diabetes provoked a decrease in the basal insulin levels as well as in the insulin response to glucose. We conclude that, without alteration of the glycemic response, the presence of risk factors as obesity, dyslipidemia or family history of diabetes leads to basal hyperinsulinemia, as well as glucose stimulated hyperinsulinemia, however the coexistence of obesity and family history of diabetes, is responsible for a deficit in the insulin secretion by the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ryder
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas Dr. Américo Negrette, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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16
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Ryder E, Wiltshire S. Who will hold the reins of power? Nurs Times 2001; 97:39. [PMID: 11957656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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17
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Ryder E, Wiltshire S. We should value the core skills. Nurs Times 2001; 97:40-1. [PMID: 11957630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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18
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Ryder E, Wiltshire S. Understanding empowerment. Nurs Times 2001; 97:39. [PMID: 11957683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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19
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Ryder E, Wiltshire S. The changing face of primary and community health care. Nurs Times 2001; 97:41-2. [PMID: 11957539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Cepko
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Ryder E. [Broadening our visibility and dissemination]. Invest Clin 2000; 41:217-8. [PMID: 11155763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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22
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Ryder E. [Lessons learned from the subjects treated by WAME (World Association of Medical Editors)]. Invest Clin 2000; 41:77-9. [PMID: 10961043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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23
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Florez H, Ryder E, Campos G, Fernandez V, Morales LM, Valbuena H, Rincón E, Gómez ME, Raleigh X. Women relatives of Hispanic patients with type 2 diabetes are more prone to exhibit metabolic disturbances. Invest Clin 1999; 40:127-42. [PMID: 10390951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia and impaired insulin action are familial and predictive of Type 2 diabetes onset. Since high levels of insulin are characteristic of our general (venezuelan)hispanic population, the purpose of this investigation was to identify early metabolic defects in a group of healthy first degree relatives of Type 2 diabetic patients. We studied 46 (29 women and 17 men; ages ranging 18-66 y) first degree relatives of Type 2 diabetic patients comparing them with 22 (12 women and 10 men; ages ranging 22-60 y) subjects who had no family history of diabetes. All subjects underwent resting blood pressure and anthropometric measurements; a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test with determination of glucose and insulin and a fasting lipid profile. The relatives of Type 2 diabetic patients had higher tricipital (TC) and subscapular (SC) skinfolds, and elevated DBP in relation to the control group. The skinfolds elevation was more evident in women, while in men the elevation in DBP predominates. None of the relatives had glucose intolerance, however, the glucose-stimulated insulin response was elevated at all points in men as well as in women. No difference was observed in the HOMA values for IR and beta cell function, or in the delta I30/delta G30 ratio. The lipid profile showed a marked elevation in TG levels in men as well as in women, with low HDL-C values in men. No other lipid abnormalities were observed. Correlation analysis revealed strong association between BMI and WHR with skinfolds and several parameters of the carbohydrate metabolism in women, but not in men. IR in women was possitively associated with skinfolds, SBP and lipid parameters and beta cell function with VLDL-C. Adult relatives of Type 2 diabetic venezuelan patients from hispanic origin had, early in their lives, several parameters of the metabolic syndrome as hyperinsulinemia, obesity, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure. These alterations were more prominent in women, group in which the association among BMI, WHR and IR were statistically significant respect to SBP, DBP, basal insulin, insulin/glucose ratio, TG and HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Florez
- Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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24
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Dickens HF, Holmes NG, Ryder E, Breen M, Thomas R, Suter N, Sampson J, Langford CF, Ross M, Carter NP, Binns MM. Use of cosmid-derived and chromosome-specific canine microsatellites. J Hered 1999; 90:52-4. [PMID: 9987903 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/90.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of microsatellite markers being used to generate the emerging genetic linkage maps of the dog are derived from small-insert, random clones. While such markers are easy to generate, they have the disadvantage that they cannot easily be physically mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), making it difficult to assess the extent of genome coverage represented by such maps. In contrast, microsatellite markers from large-insert libraries enable the linkage groups within which they fall to be physically anchored to specific chromosomes. One aim of our work is to identify at least one microsatellite-containing cosmid clone for each canine chromosome, to ensure that linkage groups exist for all chromosomes. This is particularly important for a species with as complex a karyotype as the dog. Locating two cosmids on each chromosome would allow the orientation of the linkage groups to be established. Chromosomal locations of cosmid clones containing microsatellites have been determined by FISH and confirmed using canine chromosome-specific paints. Microsatellite sequences have been genotyped on the DogMap reference family. Microsatellites derived from flow-sorted, chromosome-specific libraries represent another source of useful markers. Initial studies have been carried out on the canine X chromosome, on which markers were underrepresented in our initial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Dickens
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Suffolk, England
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25
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Ryder E. [Is research a priority in the Venezuelan university?]. Invest Clin 1998; 39:71-5. [PMID: 9707918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Knowledge of the genealogical relationships of cells during development can allow one to gain insight into when and where developmental decisions are being made. Genealogical relationships can be revealed by a variety of methods, all of which involve marking a progenitor cell and/or a group of cells and then following the progeny. The use of replication-incompetent retroviral vectors for the analysis of lineal relationships in developing vertebrate tissues is described. An overview of the relevant aspects of the retroviral life cycle is given, and the strategies and current methods in use in our laboratory are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Cepko
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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27
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Ryder E. [The Prague experience]. Invest Clin 1997; 38:167-9. [PMID: 9527386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Cepko
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Morales LM, Semprún-Fereira M, Ryder E, Valbuena H, Rincón E, Fernandez V, Flórez H, Campos G, Gómez ME, Raleigh X. Improved triglyceride control with low glycaemic index-high carbohydrate modified-lipid diet in a hypertriglyceridaemic child. Acta Paediatr 1997; 86:772-4. [PMID: 9240891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a 7-y-old boy with severe hypertriglyceridaemia who was successfully treated for 6 y with a low glycaemic index-high carbohydrate modified-lipid diet that produced beneficial changes in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. It is suggested that a selection of a complex digestible carbohydrate and an adequate ratio between polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat may, in the long term, favourably improve the lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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30
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Durante P, Raleigh X, Gómez ME, Campos G, Ryder E. Isozyme analysis of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte phosphofructokinase from insulin resistant individuals. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 225:975-82. [PMID: 8780720 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was characterized by immunological titration with subunit specific antibodies and column chromatography on QAE-Sephadex in three different groups: control, type II diabetic, and obese individuals. It was found that PMN phosphofructokinase in the three groups consists mainly of a mixture of L4 and M4 homotetramers with possibly some hybrid forms. The predominant subunit was the L-type. A 24% decrease in the specific activity of the L-type isozyme was observed and an intermediate form (I-isozyme) having 23% of the total activity in diabetic individuals appeared. In obese individuals a 30% decrease was observed in the activity of M-type isozyme and 9% of the total activity corresponded to the intermediate form. Kinetic studies showed different regulatory properties among the isozymes from the three groups. The lower PFK activity found in diabetic and obese individuals can be associated with the decreased activity in the L-type isozyme (for diabetic individuals) and in the M-type isozyme (for obese individuals); the lower activity can also be associated with the four times lower affinity for F-6-P showed by the M-type isozyme, the decreased sensitivity to ATP inhibition (for both isozymes), and the appearance of an intermediate form with a different kinetic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Durante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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31
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Fernández V, Campos G, Rincón E, Valbuena H, Ryder E, Gomez ME, Raleigh X. [Qualitative and quantitiative differences in the plasma lipoproteins of obese, hyperlipidemic or normolipidemic men and women]. Invest Clin 1996; 37:17-34. [PMID: 8920029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations of the lipoprotein composition and their relation with the insulin-resistance and/or hyperinsulinemia in non diabetic obese patients. Twenty-two no obese(13 women and 9 men) and 30 obese patients (BMI > 30) were studied, who were divided into two groups according to the total lipid levels. The first group was formed by 18 obese patients (10 women and 8 men) with normal serum cholesterol (Chol) concentration < 200 mg/dL and triglycerides (TG) < 150mg/dL (NO), while the second group were formed by 12 obese patients (3 women and 9 men) with elevated Chol level > 200mg/dL and/or TG > 150 mg/dL (HO). A clinical and anthropometric examination was performed to each patient, as well as a glucose tolerance test, including serum glucose and insulin determinations. Likewise, the plasma lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3) were isolated by ultracentrifugation and their cholesterol and triglycerides content were determined by enzymatic methods. In this report, we demonstrate the existence of compensatory basal hyperinsulinemia in men and women on both obese patients populations as well as alterations in the lipoprotein composition, mostly a TG overload even on NO. On the other hand, the presence of lipids and lipoproteins modification were obvious in those patients with abdominal obesity, on whom the hyperinsulinemia was more evident, which could be related with the high risk of cardiovascular disease in this kind of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Ryder E. [35 years: time to revise figures and concepts]. Invest Clin 1995; 36:159-61. [PMID: 8589079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Durante P, Raleigh X, Gómez ME, Campos G, Ryder E. Isozyme analysis of human normal polymorphonuclear leukocyte phosphofructokinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 216:898-905. [PMID: 7488210 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was characterized by immunological titration with subunit specific antibodies, column chromatography on QAE-Sephadex and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two different isozymes, M-type and L-type, were found. The M(r) values of the M and L subunits were 79,500 +/- 1,914 and 74,250 +/- 1,258, respectively. The two isozymes presented different kinetic and regulatory properties. The results suggest that PFK from human normal PMN is a mixture of M-type and L-type homotetramers, mainly, with possible minor heterotetrameric forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Durante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Florez H, Valbuena H, Ryder E, Rincón E, Campos G, Castillo S, González J, Fernández V, Raleigh X, Gómez ME. [Dyslipidemia and hyperinsulinemia in normoglycemic-obese relatives of patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]. Invest Clin 1995; 36:131-47. [PMID: 7548306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To determine the most frequent dyslipidemias among first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients, and its association with their glucose-tolerance status and hyperinsulinemia, we have started to examine members of NIDDM pedigrees, according to American Diabetes Association guidelines for nuclear family studies. In a large family with 2 NIDDM siblings in the 2nd generation, and 4 siblings with NIDDM in the 3rd generation, we have evaluated 14 first degree relatives and also 15 sex and aged matched healthy control subjects without family history of diabetes. The NIDDM relative group presented BMI = 31.8 +/- 3.9 kg/m2, SBP = 128 +/- 18.2 mmHg, DBP = 84 +/- 12.7 mmHg. Both relatives and controls were subjected to a 2h 75g OGTT for glucose and insulin determinations. Although none of NIDDM relatives has IGT, both Glycemic Area (GA) and Insulin Area (IA) were greater (p < 0.01) in the NIDDM relative group. The Insulin/Glucose ratio was also higher (p < 0.01) at 0 and 120 min of OGTT, this might be indirect evidence of Insulin- Resistance. Fasting serum lipids in the NIDDM relatives were TG = 148 +/- 24mg/dl, T-Chol = 244 +/- 10.7mg/dl, HDL-C = 34.2 +/- 2.5mg/dl; lipids in the control group were TG = 84.8 +/- 10.1mg/dl, T-Chol = 167 +/- 10.2mg/dl, HDL-C = 44.4 +/- 2.6mg/dl. Electrophoretic pattern showed type IIa (30.7%) and IIb (61.5%) hyperlipidemias in the NIDDM relatives. In this group, there was a positive and significant association between basal insulin and DBP (r = 0.67; p < 0.01), and between DBP and both TG (r = 0.74; p < 0.01)) and VLDL-C (r = 0.58; p < 0.05). It was also obtained a negative association between basal insulin and HDL-C (r = -0.89; p < 0.001). These data suggest that hyperinsulinemia in association with lipid abnormalities could appear early (before the development of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Diabetes) in first degree relatives of NIDDM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Florez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Mijac V, Arrieta J, Mendt C, Valbuena H, Ryder E. [Role of environmental factors in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Venezuelan children]. Invest Clin 1995; 36:73-82. [PMID: 7548302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In view of the controversy surrounding the role of environmental factors, such as the presence of bovine albumin in milk, or viral infections, in the etiology of IDDM, a study was undertaken to determine the relationship between these events and the subsequent risk of developing IDDM. On 40 venezuelan diabetic children (< 18 y) and forty, age, sex and race-matched controls were studied at the same time. Parents of children completed a questionnaire on the infant's feeding habits, its environment and family history. The X2 method and the Fischer's exact test were used to analyze the results. We found that 20% of the controls, and 10% of IDDM (NS), were never breast-fed. In 95% of controls vs 65% of IDDM (p < 0.001), cow's milk was given exclusively from birth, or combined with breast-feeding, 65% of IDDM and 60% of controls (NS) were breast-fed (alone or combined with milk substitutes) for more than three months. These results do not support the hypothesis that early exposure to breast milk substitutes increases the risk of IDDM in venezuelan children. The study revealed, however, that a family history of diabetes mellitus was present in 55% of IDDM vs 30% of controls (p < 0.05) and mumps infection before the onset of diabetes was recorded in 42.5% of IDDM in comparison with 12.5% of controls (p = 0.005). Other viral infections (rubella, chicken pox) had no statistical significance. The latter results suggest an association between a family history of diabetes mellitus and viral infections with the development of IDDM among this group of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mijac
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Semprún-Fereira M, Ryder E, Morales LM, Gómez ME, Raleigh X. [Glycemic index and insulin response to the ingestion of precooked corn flour in the form of "arepa" in healthy individuals]. Invest Clin 1994; 35:131-42. [PMID: 7803549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
With the purpose of exploring the glucose and insulin responses to a breakfast composed of a complex carbohydrate (CC) in the form of a "arepa" prepared with precooked corn flour, with or without the addition of protein and fat (CC + P + F), we studied 6 healthy volunteers, ages ranging from 26-50 years and body mass index of 24.5 +/- 1.32. Three tests were performed on each individual: 1) 75 g OGTT, 2) Ingestion of 75 g of CC ("arepa") and 3) Ingestion of 75 g of CC + 6.7 g protein (low fat cheese) and 4 g fat (margarine). Glycemic values (glucose - oxidase method) and insulinemia (radioimmunoassay) were determined at basal, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min. Glucose (GA) and insulin (IA) areas, glycemic index (GI) and insulin/glucose ratio (I/G) were calculated. We found that the "arepa" has a high GI (71.5%) that it is increased, although not significatively to 140% with the addition of protein and fat. Total GA as well as IA obtained for CC and for CC + P + F were similar to OGTT, however the profiles of the glucose and insulin responses during CC and CC + P + F were less abrupt but more prolonged, resulting in a greater I/G ratio for OGTT in comparison with CC or CC + P + F during the initial steps. We conclude that GI of this corn bread ("arepa") is high in comparison to other complex carbohydrates and it is not altered by the addition of protein and fat. This is possibly due to glucose and insulin responses similar to that produced by OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Semprún-Fereira
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Abstract
This paper describes a research study designed to explore approaches to integrating gerontological principles within district nurse education courses. Data were collected by a descriptive survey approach. The findings of the study indicated that various approaches were used to incorporate gerontological content within the curriculum. The district nurse lecturer emerged as the crucial link in ensuring subject material related to the specialism of district nursing, and the community practice teacher was significant in enabling students to relate gerontological theory to practice-based learning. The district nurse lecturer also emerged as supportive of the multi-disciplinary nature of gerontology by encouraging shared learning activities with a range of other community health care students. Against the background of major changes in community health care delivery, district nurses are identifying areas of expertise within their role as community health care nurses. One such area of expertise lies in the care of older people within the community, who form a high percentage of patients on the district nurse's caseload. In order to ensure that district nurses are effectively prepared to meet the specialist needs of older people, district nurse education courses must incorporate gerontological content within their programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ryder
- School of Health Care Studies, Oxford Brookes University, England
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Morales LM, Campos G, Ryder E, Casanova A. Insulin and lipogenesis in rat adipocytes. II. Effect of high levels of insulin and glucose on lipid synthesis in isolated rat adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 199:1151-7. [PMID: 8147855 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistant states are characterized by receptor and post-receptor defects in insulin action. When the insulin resistant state progresses, elevated levels of insulin are accompanied by increasing levels of glucose. In a previous paper we demonstrated that treatment of isolated adipocytes with high levels of insulin led to a decrease in insulin binding as well as a decrease in basal and insulin-stimulated lipid synthesis. The results of the present study establish that the addition of high concentrations of glucose in combination with a high level of insulin, does not modify the decrease in binding of insulin to its receptor. However, the decrease in lipid synthesis previously observed in the presence of high concentrations of insulin was completely overcome by the presence of high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Clinicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Ryder E. Cults. Preying on your mind. Nurs Times 1993; 89:58-60. [PMID: 8321663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Morales LM, Campos G, Ryder E, Casanova A. Insulin and lipogenesis in rat adipocytes. I. Effect of insulin incubation on lipid synthesis by isolated rat adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 188:807-12. [PMID: 1445324 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)91128-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To assess the effect of insulin on lipid synthesis in isolated rat adipocytes, cells were preincubated for 3 h with high concentrations (16.6 nM) of the hormone and lipogenesis measured through 14C-acetate incorporation into lipids, analyzing at the same time the activity of some lipogenic enzymes. It was found that insulin induced not only a decrease in the number of insulin receptors but a 30% loss in basal and insulin-stimulated acetate incorporation into total lipids as well as a decrease in the activities of enzymes related to the novo fatty acid synthesis pathway as malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Campos G, Ryder E, Morales LM, Raleigh X. Kinetics of phosphofructokinase from granulocytes isolated from patients with insulin resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 185:559-66. [PMID: 1535194 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)91661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphofructokinases from granulocytes isolated from insulin-resistant patients, mainly those from type II diabetics where the degree of insulin resistance was more pronounced, exhibit some changes in their kinetic behavior when assayed under allosteric conditions, characterized by an increased affinity for fructose-6-phosphate, being more resistant to ATP inhibition while it became more sensitive to citrate inhibitory effect. Those changes are suggestive of a isozymic modification to a more L-type enriched enzyme with a loss of the F-type component, probably present in the normal granulocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Ryder E. All about patient-controlled analgesia. J Intraven Nurs 1991; 14:371-82. [PMID: 1748919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of patient-controlled analgesia is to provide the patient with a serum analgesia level for comfort with minimal sedation. In light of the increased use of patient-controlled analgesia, this article details indications for the administration of pain control as well as available technology and monitoring parameters within the hospital and home care environment.
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Abstract
Phosphofructokinase from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes has low cooperativity and high affinity for its substrate, F-6-P. It is resistant to ATP inhibition at pH 8; however, at pH 7.1 it becomes sensitive to the effect of this compound. It is activated by F-1, 6-P2; it is not very sensitive to citrate inhibition and F-2, 6-P2 has no effect on its activity. With these kinetic characteristics we assume that perhaps the predominant L-type subunit is accompanied by an F-type component.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Ryder E, Campos G, Morales-Villalobos LM. Enzymatic changes in polymorphonuclear cells isolated from type II diabetics. Biochem Med Metab Biol 1987; 37:205-12. [PMID: 2954568 DOI: 10.1016/0885-4505(87)90028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The absolute values of several enzymes present in polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells isolated from subjects catalogued as Type II diabetics that never received insulin to control their hyperglycemia are reported. PMN from the blood of fasting diabetics and a control group were isolated by the dextran flotation technique. The enzymes were assayed in whole homogenates prepared by sonication of the cells. Serum glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were also determined from the same blood sample. We found a 40% decrease in the levels of phosphofructokinase (39.7 +/- 3.0 vs 66.1 +/- 6.3 mU/mg, P less than 0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase (350 +/- 22 vs 583 +/- 49 mU/mg, P less than 0.001) and a 25% decrease in malate dehydrogenase (250 +/- 29 vs 341 +/- 20 mU/mg, P less than 0.01). No differences in hexokinase (16.3 +/- 1.7 vs 18.2 +/- 1.7 mU/mg, P greater than 0.1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (66.6 +/- 2.5 vs 76.3 +/- 5.7 mU/mg, P greater than 0.05) were detected. These patients had normal or elevated levels of IRI (22.9 +/- 2.8 vs 14.5 +/- 2.4 microU/ml, P less than 0.05) concomitant with hyperglycemia (162.7 +/- 10.2 vs 78.0 +/- 1.6 mg/dl, P less than 0.001), revealing some degree of insulin resistance. It appears that glycolysis is affected not only at the phosphofructokinase step but beyond this point, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is not affected, and defective insulin action more than the lack of insulin might be responsible for the metabolic alteration.
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Morales de Villalobos LM, Campos G, Ryder E. Effect of chronic ingestion of iodide during pregnancy and lactation on rat pup brain enzymes. Enzyme 1986; 35:96-101. [PMID: 2943585 DOI: 10.1159/000469328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The developmental pattern of several key enzymes in brain of pups born to mothers receiving high levels of iodide (1.1 mg daily intake) during pregnancy and lactation were followed up to the weaning period. We found that in the initial states of postnatal development, glutamic dehydrogenase increased above control levels, whereas succinic dehydrogenase decreased. At late stages, we observed differences in phosphofructokinase and malic enzyme activities which were all increased at 30 days. There was no change in hexokinase. Animal weight did not vary with respect to controls and we only obtained discrete increases (not statistically different) in serum thyroxine values, which led us to assume that the enzymatic modifications might be a consequence of either a very mild hormonal alteration or to the direct effect of iodide.
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Abstract
1. The subcellular distribution of malic enzyme in two different brain regions (frontal cortex and striatum) is studied in adult rats. 2. A bimodal distribution is found in both regions: 75% being localized in the mitochondrial fraction and the remaining 25% in the cytosol. 3. In the frontal cortex, free mitochondria is enriched with the enzyme, while, in striatum, free as well as synaptic mitochondria, presented the same activity. 4. Kinetic studies of the malic enzymes show two Km values when malate is used as substrate. A higher Km value for free mitochondria as compared with a lower one found for the cytosolic and synaptosomal mitochondria suggests the presence of two enzyme populations. 5. The following are common characteristics for the two enzyme populations: NADP dependence, use of either Mg2+ or Mn2+ as cofactor and hyperbolic malate saturation curves not affected by dicarboxylic acids.
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Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus has been implicated as producing alterations in glucose metabolism in animals. We performed oral glucose tolerance tests and measured serum immunoreactive insulin responses in 13 patients who were infected by VEE virus during an epidemic in 1969, in Zulia State, Venezuela. No significant alterations in the glucose tolerance test were found. Sera of 86 diabetic outpatients and 98 control individuals with normal glycemia at a local hospital were tested for antibodies to VEE virus by hemagglutination inhibition. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups; 10.4% of the diabetic patients had detectable antibodies against VEE virus, compared to 7.1% of controls. Seventy-three percent of the diabetics with antibodies were individuals over 40 yr old, whose diabetes could be catalogued as insulin independent. The results of these studies indicate no relationship of VEE virus infection to subsequent diabetes.
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Luengo de Borges E, Ryder E, Campos G. Lack of effect on glutamate dehydrogenase activity after in vivo administration of pharmacological doses of haloperidol. Biochem Pharmacol 1982; 31:1446-8. [PMID: 7092934 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(82)90043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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