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Zhao D, Wang Q, Meng F, Lu F, Bie X, Lu Z, Lu Y. TetR-Type Regulator Lp_2642 Positively Regulates Plantaricin EF Production Based on Genome-Wide Transcriptome Sequencing of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 163. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4362-4372. [PMID: 35311254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Whole-genome and transcriptome sequences of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 163 are provided. There was one circular chromosome and four circular plasmids, with sizes of 3,131,367; 56,674; 49,140; 43,628; and 36,387 bp, respectively, in L. plantarum 163. The regulator Lp_2642 was selected from the genome data, the overexpression of which increased the transcriptional levels of related genes in plantaricin EF biosynthesis and enhanced plantaricin EF production. Its production was 17.30 mg/L in 163 (Lp_2642), which was 1.29-fold higher than that of the original strain. The regulation mechanism demonstrated that Lp_2642 can bind to three sites of plnA promoter, which enhances its transcription and expression, thereby increasing plantaricin EF production. Amino acids Asn-100, Asn-64, and Thr-69 may play a key role in the binding of Lp_2642. These results provide a novel strategy for mass production of plantaricin EF, which facilitates its large-scale production and application in the agriculture and food industries as a preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fanqiang Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
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Single-cell transcriptomics identifies limbal stem cell population and cell types mapping its differentiation trajectory in limbal basal epithelium of human cornea. Ocul Surf 2021; 20:20-32. [PMID: 33388438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to uncover novel cell types in heterogenous basal limbus of human cornea for identifying LSC at single cell resolution. METHODS Single cells of human limbal basal epithelium were isolated from young donor corneas. Single-cell RNA-Sequencing was performed using 10x Genomics platform, followed by clustering cell types through the graph-based visualization method UMAP and unbiased computational informatic analysis. Tissue RNA in situ hybridization with RNAscope, immunofluorescent staining and multiple functional assays were performed using human corneas and limbal epithelial culture models. RESULTS Single-cell transcriptomics of 16,360 limbal basal cells revealed 12 cell clusters belonging to three lineages. A smallest cluster (0.4% of total cells) was identified as LSCs based on their quiescent and undifferentiated states with enriched marker genes for putative epithelial stem cells. TSPAN7 and SOX17 are discovered and validated as new LSC markers based on their exclusive expression pattern and spatial localization in limbal basal epithelium by RNAscope and immunostaining, and functional role in cell growth and tissue regeneration models with RNA interference in cultures. Interestingly, five cell types/states mapping a developmental trajectory of LSC from quiescence to proliferation and differentiation are uncovered by Monocle3 and CytoTRACE pseudotime analysis. The transcription factor networks linking novel signaling pathways are revealed to maintain LSC stemness. CONCLUSIONS This human corneal scRNA-Seq identifies the LSC population and uncovers novel cell types mapping the differentiation trajectory in heterogenous limbal basal epithelium. The findings provide insight into LSC concept and lay the foundation for understanding the corneal homeostasis and diseases.
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Uras IZ, Sexl V, Kollmann K. CDK6 Inhibition: A Novel Approach in AML Management. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072528. [PMID: 32260549 PMCID: PMC7178035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex disease with an aggressive clinical course and high mortality rate. The standard of care for patients has only changed minimally over the past 40 years. However, potentially useful agents have moved from bench to bedside with the potential to revolutionize therapeutic strategies. As such, cell-cycle inhibitors have been discussed as alternative treatment options for AML. In this review, we focus on cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) emerging as a key molecule with distinct functions in different subsets of AML. CDK6 exerts its effects in a kinase-dependent and -independent manner which is of clinical significance as current inhibitors only target the enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Z. Uras
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Karoline Kollmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 43-1-25077-2917
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Hibara A, Yamaguchi T, Kojima M, Yamano Y, Higuchi M. Nicotine inhibits expression of Prrx1 in pituitary stem/progenitor cells through epigenetic regulation, leading to a delayed supply of growth-hormone-producing cells. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 51:65-74. [PMID: 32146343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotine, a toxic component of smoking, adversely affects animal growth and reproduction by decreasing secretion of anterior pituitary hormones. However, it has not been clarified whether nicotine inhibits the supply of endocrine cells in the pituitary gland. The present study investigated short- and long-term effects of persistent nicotine exposure on the pituitary glands of young animals. DESIGN Three-week-old male Wistar rats were exposed to nicotine (1 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 days, and gene expression, cell numbers, and DNA methylation status were analyzed on the following day and 4 weeks after final treatments. RESULTS The expression level of the stem cell marker Sox2 was not changed by nicotine exposure throughout the experiment. On the other hand, nicotine inhibited expression of a progenitor cell marker, Prrx1, and growth hormone (Gh). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the SOX2-positive cells positive for PRRX1 in nicotine-treated groups decreased to 61% (4-week-old) and 70% (8-week-old) of the saline-treated controls. In addition, the proportion of GH-positive cells in nicotine-treated group was 14% lower than that of saline-treated controls. Furthermore, first intron hypermethylation of Prrx1 was detected by a bisulfite sequence of genomic DNA from the anterior lobe of the rat pituitary gland. CONCLUSIONS We show that persistent nicotine exposure in young animals inhibits expression of Prrx1 in pituitary stem/progenitor cells through epigenetic regulation, leading to a delayed supply of GH-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Hibara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Miki Kojima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Masashi Higuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
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Zheng J, Wang Z, Yang H, Yao X, Yang P, Ren C, Wang F, Zhang Y. Pituitary Transcriptomic Study Reveals the Differential Regulation of lncRNAs and mRNAs Related to Prolificacy in Different FecB Genotyping Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020157. [PMID: 30781725 PMCID: PMC6410156 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) have been identified as important regulators in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis associated with sheep prolificacy. However, their expression pattern and potential roles in the pituitary are yet unclear. To explore the potential mRNAs and lncRNAs that regulate the expression of the genes involved in sheep prolificacy, we used stranded specific RNA-seq to profile the pituitary transcriptome (lncRNA and mRNA) in high prolificacy (genotype FecB BB, litter size = 3; H) and low prolificacy sheep (genotype FecB B+; litter size = 1; L). Our results showed that 57 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 298 DE mRNAs were found in the pituitary between the two groups. The qRT-PCR results correlated well with the RNA-seq results. Moreover, functional annotation analysis showed that the target genes of the DE lncRNAs were significantly enriched in pituitary function, hormone-related pathways as well as response to stimulus and some other terms related to reproduction. Furthermore, a co-expression network of lncRNAs and target genes was constructed and reproduction related genes such as SMAD2, NMB and EFNB3 were included. Lastly, the interaction of candidate lncRNA MSTRG.259847.2 and its target gene SMAD2 were validated in vitro of sheep pituitary cells. These differential mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles provide a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Hu sheep prolificacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhibo Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xiaolei Yao
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - CaiFang Ren
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - YanLi Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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CDK6 coordinates JAK2 V617F mutant MPN via NF-κB and apoptotic networks. Blood 2019; 133:1677-1690. [PMID: 30635286 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-08-872648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 80% of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) harbor the acquired somatic JAK2 V617F mutation. JAK inhibition is not curative and fails to induce a persistent response in most patients, illustrating the need for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. We describe a critical role for CDK6 in MPN evolution. The absence of Cdk6 ameliorates clinical symptoms and prolongs survival. The CDK6 protein interferes with 3 hallmarks of disease: besides regulating malignant stem cell quiescence, it promotes nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and contributes to cytokine production while inhibiting apoptosis. The effects are not mirrored by palbociclib, showing that the functions of CDK6 in MPN pathogenesis are largely kinase independent. Our findings thus provide a rationale for targeting CDK6 in MPN.
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Identification of long non-coding RNAs in the immature and mature rat anterior pituitary. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17780. [PMID: 29259254 PMCID: PMC5736705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in several types of human pituitary adenomas and normal anterior pituitary, some of which are involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas. However, a systematic analysis of lncRNAs expressed at different developmental stages of normal pituitary, particularly in rats, has not been performed. Therefore, we contrasted two cDNA libraries of immature (D15) and mature (D120) anterior pituitary in rat that were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq Xten platform, and a total of 29,568,806,352 clean reads were identified. Notably, 7039 lncRNA transcripts corresponded to 4442 lncRNA genes, and 1181 lncRNA transcripts were significantly differentially expressed in D15 and D120. In addition, 6839 protein-coding genes (<100 kb upstream and downstream) were the nearest neighbors of 4074 lncRNA genes. An interaction network of lncRNAs and the follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit (FSHb) gene was constructed using the lncRNATargets platform, and three novel lncRNAs were obtained. Furthermore, we detected the expression of the novel lncRNAs and ten highly expressed lncRNAs that were randomly selected through quantitative PCR (qPCR). The rat anterior pituitary lncRNA content identified in this study provides a more in-depth understanding of the roles of these lncRNAs in hormone and reproduction development and regulation in mammals.
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Yoshida S, Kato T, Kato Y. EMT Involved in Migration of Stem/Progenitor Cells for Pituitary Development and Regeneration. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5040043. [PMID: 27058562 PMCID: PMC4850466 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration are important processes in embryonic development of many tissues as well as oncogenesis. The pituitary gland is a master endocrine tissue and recent studies indicate that Sox2-expressing stem/progenitor cells actively migrate and develop this tissue during embryogenesis. Notably, although migration activity of stem/progenitor cells in the postnatal period seems to be reduced compared to that in the embryonic period, it is hypothesized that stem/progenitor cells in the adult pituitary re-migrate from their microenvironment niche to contribute to the regeneration system. Therefore, elucidation of EMT in the pituitary stem/progenitor cells will promote understanding of pituitary development and regeneration, as well as diseases such as pituitary adenoma. In this review, so as to gain more insights into the mechanisms of pituitary development and regeneration, we summarize the EMT in the pituitary by focusing on the migration of pituitary stem/progenitor cells during both embryonic and postnatal organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saishu Yoshida
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Property, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Takako Kato
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Property, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
- Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Yukio Kato
- Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
- Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
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Vankelecom H. Pituitary Stem Cells: Quest for Hidden Functions. STEM CELLS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41603-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Nishimura N, Ueharu H, Nishihara H, Shibuya S, Yoshida S, Higuchi M, Kanno N, Horiguchi K, Kato T, Kato Y. Search for regulatory factors of the pituitary-specific transcription factor PROP1 gene. J Reprod Dev 2015; 62:93-102. [PMID: 26640231 PMCID: PMC4768783 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2015-092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary-specific transcription factor PROP1, a factor important for pituitary organogenesis, appears on
rat embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) in SOX2-expressing stem/progenitor cells and always coexists with SOX2
throughout life. PROP1-positive cells at one point occupy all cells in Rathke’s pouch, followed by a rapid
decrease in their number. Their regulatory factors, except for RBP-J, have not yet been clarified. This study
aimed to use the 3 kb upstream region and 1st intron of mouse prop1 to pinpoint a group of
factors selected on the basis of expression in the early pituitary gland for expression of
Prop1. Reporter assays for SOX2 and RBP-J showed that the stem/progenitor marker SOX2 has
cell type-dependent inhibitory and activating functions through the proximal and distal upstream regions of
Prop1, respectively, while RBP-J had small regulatory activity in some cell lines. Reporter
assays for another 39 factors using the 3 kb upstream regions in CHO cells ultimately revealed that 8 factors,
MSX2, PAX6, PIT1, PITX1, PITX2, RPF1, SOX8 and SOX11, but not RBP-J, regulate Prop1
expression. Furthermore, a synergy effect with SOX2 was observed for an additional 10 factors, FOXJ1, HES1,
HEY1, HEY2, KLF6, MSX1, RUNX1, TEAD2, YBX2 and ZFP36Ll, which did not show substantial independent action.
Thus, we demonstrated 19 candidates, including SOX2, to be regulatory factors of Prop1
expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Nishimura
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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PRRX1- and PRRX2-positive mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells are involved in vasculogenesis during rat embryonic pituitary development. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:557-65. [PMID: 25795141 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that cells positive for the paired-related homeobox transcription factors PRRX1 and PRRX2 occur in the rat pituitary, and that they are derived from two different origins: pituitary-derived cells positive for stem cell marker SOX2 and extra-pituitary-derived cells negative for SOX2. In this study, we have further characterized the PRRX1- and PRRX2-positive cells that originate from extra-pituitary cells. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed with specific antibodies against PRRX1 and PRRX2 in order to clarify their roles in pituitary vasculogenesis. PRRX1- and PRRX2-positive cells were found in Atwell's recess and at the periphery of the pituitary on embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5). Several PRRX1-positive cells then invaded the anterior lobe, together with a few PRRX2-positive cells, on E16.5. Some PRRX1-positive cells were also positive for mesenchymal stem cell marker NESTIN. Moreover, some PRRX1/NESTIN double-positive cells showed characteristics of vascular endothelial cells with an Isolectin-B4-binding capacity. PRRX1 co-localized with vascular smooth muscle cell/pericyte marker α-smooth muscle actin in the deep area of Atwell's recess. We confirmed the presence of PRRX2/NESTIN double-positive cells at an entry area in Atwell's recess and at the periphery of the pituitary, but PRRX2 did not co-localize with Isolectin B4 or α-smooth muscle actin. These data suggest that PRRX1- and PRRX2-positive mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells are present at the periphery of the embryonic pituitary and at the entry from Atwell's recess and participate in pituitary vasculogenesis by differentiation into vascular endothelial cells and pericytes, whereas the presence of PRRX2 indicates much higher stemness than PRRX1.
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