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Kashyap S, Sharma I, Dowarah B, Barman R, Gill SS, Agarwala N. Plant and soil-associated microbiome dynamics determine the fate of bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. PLANTA 2023; 258:57. [PMID: 37524889 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Plant and the soil-associated microbiome is important for imparting bacterial wilt disease tolerance in plants. Plants are versatile organisms that are endowed with the capacity to withstand various biotic and abiotic stresses despite having no locomotory abilities. Being the agent for bacterial wilt (BW) disease, Ralstonia solanacearum (RS) colonizes the xylem vessels and limits the water supply to various plant parts, thereby causing wilting. The havoc caused by RS leads to heavy losses in crop productivity around the world, for which a sustainable mitigation strategy is urgently needed. As several factors can influence plant-microbe interactions, comprehensive understanding of plant and soil-associated microbiome under the influence of RS and various environmental/edaphic conditions is important to control this pathogen. This review mainly focuses on microbiome dynamics associated with BW disease and also provide update on microbial/non-microbial approaches employed to control BW disease in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampurna Kashyap
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Indrani Sharma
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Bhaskar Dowarah
- Department of Botany, Bahona College, Bahona, Jorhat, Assam, 785101, India
| | - Ramen Barman
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
| | - Niraj Agarwala
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India.
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Chen N, Shao Q, Lu Q, Li X, Gao Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals differential transcription in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) following inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22137. [PMID: 36550145 PMCID: PMC9780229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a major Solanaceae crop worldwide and is vulnerable to bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum during the production process. BW has become a growing concern that could enormously deplete the tomato yield from 50 to 100% and decrease the quality. Research on the molecular mechanism of tomato regulating BW resistance is still limited. In this study, two tomato inbred lines (Hm 2-2, resistant to BW; and BY 1-2, susceptible to BW) were used to explore the molecular mechanism of tomato in response to R. solanacearum infection by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. We identified 1923 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Hm 2-2 and BY 1-2 after R. solanacearum inoculation. Among these DEGs, 828 were up-regulated while 1095 were down-regulated in R-3dpi (Hm 2-2 at 3 days post-inoculation with R. solanacearum) vs. R-mock (mock-inoculated Hm 2-2); 1087 and 2187 were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in S-3dpi (BY 1-2 at 3 days post-inoculation with R. solanacearum) vs. S-mock (mock-inoculated BY 1-2). Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the largest amount of DEGs were annotated with the Biological Process terms, followed by Cellular Component and Molecular Function terms. A total of 114, 124, 85, and 89 regulated (or altered) pathways were identified in R-3dpi vs. R-mock, S-3dpi vs. S-mock, R-mock vs. S-mock, and R-3dpi vs. S-3dpi comparisons, respectively, by Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. These clarified the molecular function and resistance pathways of DEGs. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed the expression patterns of eight randomly selected DEGs, which suggested that the RNA-seq results were reliable. Subsequently, in order to further verify the reliability of the transcriptome data and the accuracy of qRT-PCR results, WRKY75, one of the eight DEGs was silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and the defense response of plants to R. solanacearum infection was analyzed. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide profound insight into the potential mechanism of tomato in response to R. solanacearum infection, which lays an important foundation for future studies on BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000 China
| | - Qin Shao
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000 China
| | - Qineng Lu
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000 China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000 China
| | - Yang Gao
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000 China
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Shi H, Xu P, Wu S, Yu W, Cheng Y, Chen Z, Yang X, Yu X, Li B, Ding A, Wang W, Sun Y. Analysis of rhizosphere bacterial communities of tobacco resistant and non-resistant to bacterial wilt in different regions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18309. [PMID: 36316337 PMCID: PMC9622857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco bacterial wilt has seriously affected tobacco production. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced tobacco bacterial wilt resistant mutants are important for the control of tobacco bacterial wilt. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the rhizosphere bacterial community assemblages of bacterial wilt resistant mutant tobacco rhizosphere soil (namely KS), bacterial wilt susceptible tobacco rhizosphere soil (namely GS) and bulk soil (namely BS) in Xuancheng, Huanxi, Yibin and Luzhou. Alpha analysis showed that the bacterial community diversity and richness of KS and GS in the four regions were not significantly different. However, analysis of intergroup variation in the top 15 bacterial communities in terms of abundance showed that the bacterial communities of KS and GS were significantly different from BS, respectively. In addition, pH, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (AN) and soil organic carbon (SOC) were positively correlated with the bacterial community of KS and negatively correlated with GS in the other three regions except Huanxi. Network analysis showed that the three soils in the four regions did not show a consistent pattern of network complexity. PICRUSt functional prediction analysis showed that the COG functions were similar in all samples. All colonies were involved in RNA processing and modification, chromatin structure and dynamics, etc. In conclusion, our experiments showed that rhizosphere bacterial communities of tobacco in different regions have different compositional patterns, which are strongly related to soil factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Shi
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Peiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengxin Wu
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Yazhi Cheng
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Sichuan Tobacco Science Institute, Sichuan Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu, 615000, China
| | - Xingyou Yang
- Sichuan Tobacco Science Institute, Sichuan Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu, 615000, China
| | - Xiangwen Yu
- Sichuan Tobacco Science Institute, Sichuan Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu, 615000, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Anming Ding
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
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Goraj W, Pytlak A, Kowalska B, Kowalski D, Grządziel J, Szafranek-Nakonieczna A, Gałązka A, Stępniewska Z, Stępniewski W. Influence of pipe material on biofilm microbial communities found in drinking water supply system. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110433. [PMID: 33166536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biofilms and water samples from a model installation built of PVC-U, PE-HD and cast iron pipes were investigated using standard heterotrophic plate count and 16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing. The results of the high throughput identification imply that the construction material strongly influences the microbiome composition. PVC-U and PE-HD pipes were dominated with Proteobacteria (54-60%) while the cast pipe was overgrown by Nitrospirae (64%). It was deduced that the plastic pipes create a more convenient environment for the potentially pathogenic taxa than the cast iron. The 7-year old biofilms were described as complex habitats with sharp oxidation-reduction gradients, where co-existence of methanogenic and methanotrophic microbiota takes place. Furthermore, it was found that the drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) are a useful tool for studying the ecology of rare bacterial phyla. New ecophysiological aspects were described for Aquihabitans, Thermogutta and Vampirovibrio. The discrepancy between identity of HPC-derived bacteria and NGS-revealed composition of biofilm and water microbiomes point to the need of introducing new diagnostical protocols to enable proper assessment of the drinking water safety, especially in DWDSs operating without disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Goraj
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1 I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Pytlak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Beata Kowalska
- Faculty of Environmental Protection Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kowalski
- Faculty of Environmental Protection Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Grządziel
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich Street 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Szafranek-Nakonieczna
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1 I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Gałązka
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich Street 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Zofia Stępniewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1 I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Witold Stępniewski
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
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Determining Soil Microbial Communities and Their Influence on Ganoderma Disease Incidences in Oil Palm ( Elaeis guineensis) via High-Throughput Sequencing. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120424. [PMID: 33260913 PMCID: PMC7760618 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Biological and physicochemical soil factors involved in the incidence of the basal stem rot (BSR) disease in an oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantation in Malaysia were characterized. Blenheim soil with a low BSR disease incidence and Bernam soil with high BSR disease incidence were analyzed and observed to have differences in composition and diversity of soil prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities. Blenheim soil with a high pH and calcium was shown to have higher prokaryotic and eukaryotic diversity compared to Bernam soil. High abundances of rare metabolically diverse and versatile bacterial taxa, bacterial taxa that increased with the introduction of biocontrol agents, potential disease-suppressive bacteria, and bacterivorous flagellates were observed in Blenheim soil. In contrast, Bernam soil was predominantly characterized by potential disease-inducible bacterial taxa. A combination of both abiotic and biotic elements might be essential in driving disease-suppressive soil microbiome toward Ganoderma BSR in Blenheim soil. Abstract Basal stem rot (BSR), caused by Ganoderma boninense, is the most devastating oil palm disease in South East Asia, costing US$500 million annually. Various soil physicochemical parameters have been associated with an increase in BSR incidences. However, very little attention has been directed to understanding the relationship between soil microbiome and BSR incidence in oil palm fields. The prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial diversities of two coastal soils, Blenheim soil (Typic Quartzipsamment—calcareous shell deposits, light texture) with low disease incidence (1.9%) and Bernam soil (Typic Endoaquept—non-acid sulfate) with high disease incidence (33.1%), were determined using the 16S (V3–V4 region) and 18S (V9 region) rRNA amplicon sequencing. Soil physicochemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations, micronutrients, and soil physical parameters) were also analyzed for the two coastal soils. Results revealed that Blenheim soil comprises higher prokaryotic and eukaryotic diversities, accompanied by higher pH and calcium content. Blenheim soil was observed to have a higher relative abundance of bacterial taxa associated with disease suppression such as Calditrichaeota, Zixibacteria, GAL15, Omnitrophicaeota, Rokubacteria, AKYG587 (Planctomycetes), JdFR-76 (Calditrichaeota), and Rubrobacter (Actinobacteria). In contrast, Bernam soil had a higher proportion of other bacterial taxa, Chloroflexi and Acidothermus (Actinobacteria). Cercomonas (Cercozoa) and Calcarisporiella (Ascomycota) were eukaryotes that are abundant in Blenheim soil, while Uronema (Ciliophora) and mammals were present in higher abundance in Bernam soil. Some of the bacterial taxa have been reported previously in disease-suppressive and -conducive soils as potential disease-suppressive or disease-inducible bacteria. Furthermore, Cercomonas was reported previously as potential bacterivorous flagellates involved in the selection of highly toxic biocontrol bacteria, which might contribute to disease suppression indirectly. The results from this study may provide valuable information related to soil microbial community structures and their association with soil characteristics and soil susceptibility to Ganoderma.
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Ling L, Han X, Li X, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang L, Cao P, Wu Y, Wang X, Zhao J, Xiang W. A Streptomyces sp. NEAU-HV9: Isolation, Identification, and Potential as a Biocontrol Agent against Ralstonia Solanacearum of Tomato Plants. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030351. [PMID: 32121616 PMCID: PMC7142955 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is an important soil-borne bacterial plant pathogen. In this study, an actinomycete strain named NEAU-HV9 that showed strong antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum was isolated from soil using an in vitro screening technique. Based on physiological and morphological characteristics and 98.90% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T, the strain was identified as a member of the genus Streptomyces. Tomato seedling and pot culture experiments showed that after pre-inoculation with the strain NEAU-HV9, the disease occurrence of tomato seedlings was effectively prevented for R.solanacearum. Then, a bioactivity-guided approach was employed to isolate and determine the chemical identity of bioactive constituents with antibacterial activity from strain NEAU-HV9. The structure of the antibacterial metabolite was determined as actinomycin D on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report that actinomycin D has strong antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum with a MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of 0.6 mg L−1 (0.48 μmol L−1). The in vivo antibacterial activity experiment showed that actinomycin D possessed significant preventive efficacy against R. solanacearum in tomato seedlings. Thus, strain NEAU-HV9 could be used as BCA (biological control agent) against R. solanacearum, and actinomycin D might be a promising candidate for a new antibacterial agent against R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoyang Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Lida Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Yutong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (W.X.)
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (X.H.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (X.W.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (W.X.)
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Wasai S, Minamisawa K. Plant-Associated Microbes: From Rhizobia To Plant Microbiomes. Microbes Environ 2019; 33:1-3. [PMID: 29593170 PMCID: PMC5877334 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me3301rh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sawa Wasai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
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Toyota K, Shirai S. Growing Interest in Microbiome Research Unraveling Disease Suppressive Soils against Plant Pathogens. Microbes Environ 2019; 33:345-347. [PMID: 30606975 PMCID: PMC6307993 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me3304rh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Toyota
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Sayo Shirai
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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