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Li X, Ma K, Tian T, Pang H, Liu T, Li M, Li J, Luo Z, Hu H, Hou S, Yu J, Hou Q, Song X, Zhao C, Du H, Li J, Du Z, Jin M. Methylmercury induces inflammatory response and autophagy in microglia through the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108631. [PMID: 38588609 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a global environmental pollutant with neurotoxicity, which can easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and cause irreversible damage to the human central nervous system (CNS). CNS inflammation and autophagy are known to be involved in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Meanwhile, MeHg has the potential to induce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation as well as autophagy. This study aims to further explore the exact molecular mechanism of MeHg neurotoxicity. We conducted in vitro studies using BV2 microglial cell from the central nervous system of mice. The role of inflammation and autophagy in the damage of BV2 cells induced by MeHg was determined by detecting cell viability, cell morphology and structure, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant function, inflammatory factors, autophagosomes, inflammation and autophagy-related proteins. We further investigated the relationship between the inflammatory response and autophagy induced by MeHg by inhibiting them separately. The results indicated that MeHg could invade cells, change cell structure, activate NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and autophagosome, release a large amount of inflammatory factors and trigger the inflammatory response and autophagy. It was also found that MeHg could disrupt the antioxidant function of cells. In addition, the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome alleviated both cellular inflammation and autophagy, while inhibition of autophagy increased cellular inflammation. Our current research suggests that MeHg might induce BV2 cytotoxicity through inflammatory response and autophagy, which may be mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome activated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Kai Ma
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Tiantian Tian
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Tianxiang Liu
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Jiali Li
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Zhixuan Luo
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Hu
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Qiaohong Hou
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Xiuling Song
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Chao Zhao
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Haiying Du
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China.
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, PR China.
| | - Minghua Jin
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin,130021, PR China.
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Zuo K, Xu Q, Wang Y, Sui Y, Niu Y, Liu Z, Liu M, Liu X, Liu D, Sun W, Wang Z, Liu X, Liu J. L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate Attenuates Methylmercury-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and DNA Damage in Human SH-SY5Y Cells. TOXICS 2023; 11:144. [PMID: 36851019 PMCID: PMC9967424 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxin that causes severe neuronal oxidative damage. As vitamin C is an antioxidant well-known to protect neurons from oxidative damage, our goal was to elucidate its protective mechanism against MeHg-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastomas (SHSY5Y). We treated cells with MeHg, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P), or both, and used MTT, flow cytometry, and Western blot analyses to assess cell damage. We found that MeHg significantly decreased the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, increased apoptosis, downregulated PAR and PARP1 expression, and upregulated AIF, Cyto C, and cleaved Caspase-3 expression. A time course study showed that MeHg increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; enhanced apoptosis; increased DNA damage; upregulated expression ofγH2A.X, KU70, 67 and 57 kDa AIF, CytoC, and cleaved Caspase-3; and downregulated expression of 116 kDa PARP1, PAR, BRAC1, and Rad51. Supplementation with AA2P significantly increased cell viability and decreased intrinsic ROS accumulation. It also reduced ROS accumulation in cells treated with MeHg and decreased MeHg-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, AA2P conversely regulated gene expression compared to MeHg. Collectively, we demonstrate that AA2P attenuates MeHg-induced apoptosis by alleviating ROS-mediated DNA damage and is a potential treatment for MeHg neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyang Zuo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yutong Sui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ye Niu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zinan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinpeng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
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Methylmercury promotes oxidative stress and autophagy in rat cerebral cortex: Involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR or AMPK/TSC2/mTOR pathways and attenuation by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 95:107137. [PMID: 36403891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxicant that could induce oxidative stress and autophagy. However, the underlying mechanisms through which MeHg affects the central nervous system have not been fully elucidated, and little has been known of the interaction between oxidative stress and autophagy. Therefore, rats were administrated with different MeHg concentrations to evaluate the neurotoxic effects and autophagy in cerebral cortex. Moreover, we have investigated the neuroprotective role of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in order to estimate the regulation effects of oxidative stress on autophagy. A total of 64 rats, 40 of which were randomly divided into control and MeHg-treated (4, 8 and 12 μ mol/kg) groups. The remaining 24 rats were divided into control, NAC control (1 mmol/kg), 12 μ mol/kg MeHg, and NAC pretreatment. Administration of 12 μ mol/kg MeHg significantly increased behavioral and pathological abnormalities, and autophagy levels. In addition, the oxidative stress levels increased, together with abnormal expression of autophagy-related molecules. Pretreatment with NAC significantly prevented MeHg-induced oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR or AMPK/TSC2/mTOR-mediated autophagy. In conclusion, the present study suggested that oxidative stress can regulate autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR or AMPK/TSC2/mTOR pathways. This study provides a theoretical basis for the study and treatment of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity.
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Li L, Meng R, Lei Y, Wu S, Jiang Y. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals from PM 2.5 in China's 29 provincial capital cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:63028-63040. [PMID: 35449325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
After years of governance, China's PM2.5 pollution has improved significantly, but some problems remain. PM2.5 is the carrier of many heavy metals, and it has a stronger capacity to carry heavy metals, causing more significant harm to public health. At present, most of the studies on PM2.5-bound heavy metals in China are based on individual cities, and there are few studies from China's provincial capital cities. Given the above reasons, this paper described the pollution characteristics of PM2.5-bound heavy metal (Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Cr(VI), Ni) in 29 provincial capital cities in China (except Hohhot and Lhasa). Furthermore, the human health risk assessment recommended by US EPA was used to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of the male adults, the female adults, and the children. The results indicated that (1) the children were facing a higher risk value of PM2.5-bound heavy metals than the adults; (2) Cr, As, and Pb were the top three elements that contributed to the average non-carcinogenic risk, while Cr(VI), As, and Cd were the three elements with the highest carcinogenic risk; and (3) the concentrations of PM2.5-bound heavy metals in the provincial capital cities of northern China were worse than those in the South. In response to the above conclusions, this paper put forward: (1) the government should strengthen the management of metallurgical industry and coal-burning industrial enterprises; (2) establish a real-time monitoring system for toxic and harmful heavy metal pollutants carried in the atmosphere as soon as possible; (3) concern on the regional synergies to form pollution control metropolitan areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Meng
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yalin Lei
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Sanmang Wu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100083, China
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Kasielska-Trojan A, Święchowicz B, Antoszewski B. Coexistence of Thumb Aplasia and Cleft Lip and Alveolus with Aortopulmonary Window—A Tip for Prenatal Diagnostics for Rare Heart Anomalies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030569. [PMID: 35328123 PMCID: PMC8947534 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple congenital anomaly syndromes pose a challenge to neonatologists, as many anomalies may indicate cryptogenic malformations or disorders. Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a very rare congenital heart disease (CHD) and causes many difficulties in prenatal diagnostics. In this report, we describe a case of a female patient with multiple rare congenital malformations: aortopulmonary window, right thumb aplasia, facial nerve palsy and cleft lip and alveolus. None of the malformations were diagnosed prenatally. A long-term follow-up (40 years) is presented. The presence of certain defects (thumb aplasia) may indicate the need for a careful fetal examination extended by a fetal ECHO performed in a reference center of prenatal cardiology. The coexistence or syndromic character of the presented malformations should be verified in future if more such cases are described.
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Mellingen RM, Myrmel LS, Lie KK, Rasinger JD, Madsen L, Nøstbakken OJ. RNA sequencing and proteomic profiling reveal different alterations by dietary methylmercury in the hippocampal transcriptome and proteome in BALB/c mice. Metallomics 2021; 13:mfab022. [PMID: 33890672 PMCID: PMC8716076 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a highly neurotoxic form of mercury (Hg) present in seafood. Here, we recorded and compared proteomic and transcriptomic changes in hippocampus of male BALB/c mice exposed to two doses of MeHg. Mice were fed diets spiked with 0.28 mg MeHg kg-1, 5 mg MeHg kg-1, or an unspiked control diet for 77 days. Total mercury content was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in brain tissue of both MeHg-exposed groups (18 ± 2 mg Hg kg-1 and 0.56 ± 0.06 mg Hg kg-1). Hippocampal protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) expression levels were significantly altered both in tissues from mice receiving a low dose MeHg (20 proteins/294 RNA transcripts) and a high dose MeHg (61 proteins/876 RNA transcripts). The majority but not all the differentially expressed features in hippocampus were dose dependent. The combined use of transcriptomic and proteomic profiling data provided insight on the influence of MeHg on neurotoxicity, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress through several regulated features and pathways, including RXR function and superoxide radical degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild Marie Mellingen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
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Chang CH, Chiang CF, Liao JW, Yen GC, Huang YC, Ni SP, Chang CC, Lin HT. Dietary exposure assessment of methylmercury and polyunsaturated fatty acids in saltwater fish and processed foods among Taiwanese women of child-bearing age and children: A novel core food-matching approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128249. [PMID: 33182142 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Saltwater fish is rich in health-promoting polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Excessive fish intake may also cause health hazards due to methylmercury (MeHg). A novel dose estimation method was proposed in this study to improve the quality of food matching by considering the usage ratio of cooking and processing methods in sampling design. In total, 39 table-ready samples were specified according to 2-3 common cooking methods, and MeHg and total mercury (THg) were analyzed. The results showed that mercury was detected in 20 samples (LOD = 0.01 μg/g). High MeHg samples included fried-Spanish mackerel (1.23 μg/g), non-cooked shredded swordfish (0.325 μg/g), pan-fried Spanish mackerel (0.248 μg/g), and non-cooked shredded salmon (0.208 μg/g). Consumption data (n = 166,911) were obtained from 24-h recalls in the 2005-2008 Nutrition and Health Surveys in Taiwan (NAHSIT). The average whole-group estimated daily intake (EDI_WG) was 0.018 (7.9% tolerable daily intake, TDI) for women of child-bearing age and 0.031 μg/day per kg body weight (13.6% TDI) for children. However, 95th percentile values (P95) of 90.4% TDI and 185% TDI were estimated for the two consumer-only populations, which have raised public health concerns. The ratio of % TDI to % daily reference intake (% DRI) was used as a risk-benefit (R/B) indicator. The top 4 R/B foods were: tuna sashimi (0.089 and 0.14), non-cooked shredded swordfish (0.033 and 0.052), fried-Spanish mackerel (0.027 and 0.043) and deep-fried fish balls (0.022 and 0.035) in the two perspective populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Chang
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chow-Feng Chiang
- Master Program for Food and Drug Safety, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Huang
- Master Program for Food and Drug Safety, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pei Ni
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chin Chang
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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He T, Shen H, Zhu J, Zhu Y, He Y, Li Z, Lu H. Geniposide attenuates cadmium‑induced oxidative stress injury via Nrf2 signaling in osteoblasts. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1499-1508. [PMID: 31257486 PMCID: PMC6625402 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Geniposide, as a type of iridoid glycoside, has antioxidative capacity. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of geniposide in cadmium (Cd)-induced osteoblast injury remains only partly elucidated. In the present study, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to determine MC-3T3-E1 cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to determine the rate of apoptosis and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress-related factors were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent method (ELISA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting were used to evaluate apoptosis- and bone formation-related genes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling. It was demonstrated that geniposide increased the viability of the Cd-treated MC-3T3-E1 cells. Geniposide decreased apoptosis and ROS accumulation compared to these parameters in the Cd group. Geniposide attenuated oxidative stress-related factors, malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase and increased antioxidant key enzyme superoxidase dismutase (SOD). The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and survivin were modulated by geniposide. Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osterix were significantly increased, while osteoprotegerin was decreased by geniposide treatment compared to the Cd groups. Geniposide also enhanced Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) expression. The present study identified a potential agent for the treatment of Cd-induced osteoblast injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfeng He
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Huasong Shen
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Jinke Zhu
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Yan He
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Huanxing Lu
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
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Algarve TD, Assmann CE, Aigaki T, da Cruz IBM. Parental and preimaginal exposure to methylmercury disrupts locomotor activity and circadian rhythm of adult Drosophila melanogaster. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:255-265. [PMID: 30033776 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1485689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known toxic pollutant. However, little is known about the effects of this toxic agent in an adult as a consequence of a parental or preimaginal exposure. This study used Drosophila melanogaster to investigate whether a parental or a preimaginal (eggs-larvae-pupae stages) exposure could impact parameters as viability, locomotor activity, and sleep patterns of fruit flies. Thus, we performed two exposure protocols. One where just parents were exposed to MeHg (0-12 µM) during 24 h, then flies were transferred to lay eggs in a healthy medium (without MeHg). In the other, flies were set to lay eggs in a MeHg medium, same concentrations, and discarded after this (preimaginal exposure). Viability was evaluated from egg to adult flies. F1 progeny was collected within 24 h and transferred to a fresh healthy medium. Sleep behavior analysis was performed using Drosophila Active Monitoring System (DAMS), and the locomotor activity was evaluated by climbing assay. Results have shown that the parental exposure had a significant impact on F1 progeny reducing viability and locomotor activity performance, but no significant circadian rhythm alterations. Whereas the preimaginal exposure had a stronger effect decreasing viability and locomotor activity, it also disrupted sleep patterns. MeHg preimaginal exposure showed a longer sleep duration and lower daily activity. Results corroborate the hypothesis that low MeHg exposure could trigger subclinical symptoms related to a 'neurotoxicological development effect'. Complementary investigations could clarify the underlying mechanisms of MeHg effects in neural functions due to parental and early development exposure to this toxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Doeler Algarve
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Biogenomics, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Cellular Genetics Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Biogenomics, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Toshiro Aigaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cellular Genetics Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Biogenomics, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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