Xeropicta derbentina (Krynicki, 1836) (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Geomitridae) in Belarus – new data

A new addition to the fauna of Belarus, the land snail species Xeropicta derbentina has been found in Gomel city. The material was collected in 2022. There are no earlier reports of this species from Belarus, and this locality is the most northerly known. The shells and reproductive anatomy of X. derbentina from Gomel are described and illustrated. It is likely that the species has been passively dispersed by railway transport.

Temporal variation in climatic factors influences phenotypic diversity of Trochulus land snails

Organisms with limited dispersal capabilities should show phenotypic plasticity in situ to keep pace with environmental changes. Therefore, to study the influence of environmental variation on the phenotypic diversity, we chose land snails, Trochulus hispidus and T. sericeus, characterized by high population variability. We performed long-term field studies as well as laboratory and common garden experiments, which revealed that temporal environmental changes generate visible variation in shell size and shape of these snails. Many shell measurements of T. hispidus varied significantly with temperature and humidity in individual years. According to this, the first generation of T. hispidus, bred in controlled laboratory conditions, became significantly different in higher spire and narrower umbilicus from its wild parents. Interestingly, offspring produced by this generation and transplanted to wild conditions returned to the ‘wild’ flat and wide-umbilicated shell shape. Moreover, initially different species T. hispidus and T. sericeus transferred into common environment conditions revealed rapid and convergent shell modifications within one generation. Such morphological flexibility and high genetic variation can be evolutionarily favored, when the environment is heterogeneous in time. The impact of climate change on the shell morphometry can lead to incorrect taxonomic classification or delimitation of artificial taxa in land snails. These findings have also important implications in the context of changing climate and environment.