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Baghianimoghadam B, Arabzadeh A, Fallah Y. Ellis–van Creveld Syndrome in Iran, a Case Report and Review of Disease Cases in Iran, Middle East. Acta Med Litu 2021; 28:317-324. [PMID: 35474936 PMCID: PMC8958661 DOI: 10.15388/amed.2021.28.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis–van Creveld syndrome (EVC)) (OMIM: #225500) is a rare skeletal dysplasia with unknown exact prevalence. EVC patients may have abnormal skeletal and extra skeletal symptoms. We report a case of EVC patient and review previous cases reported in Iran. Materials and methods: The patient was a 30 years old woman referred to our hand clinic for an extra finger in both hands. She was born to a consanguineous marriage. The patient had a history of bilateral valgus deformity of the knees, for which she underwent proximal tibial and distal femoral osteotomy. Upon examination, the patient had bilateral polydactyly and brachymetacarpia with hypotrophic fingernails. She was about 120 cm tall and had acromesomelic type dwarfism. Oral examination revealed serrated incisal margins, dental transposition, a diastema, conical teeth and, enamel hypoplasia. In the radiographic examination of upper extremity, postaxial polydactyly and polymetacarpia, enlarged distal radius, and fusion of capitate and hamate were seen. We searched online databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar) and found 14 Iranian papers with 21 reported patients (there was no time limit). We reviewed available clinical and genetic data and the geographic origins of patients. Results: 14 articles reporting 22 EVC patients (including our patient) from Iran have been published in Persian and English (7 in Persian and 7 in English). All patients presented with characteristic EVC symptoms but were diagnosed at a relatively late age, 18 patients were born to consanguineous marriages Conclusions: It seems that based on these studies, it is possible to identify some families with this genetic mutation. We can warn such families of the dangers of consanguineous marriage through genetic counseling before marriage. In addition, by identifying families with such problems, we can detect such anomalies in the baby earlier with more careful prenatal care.
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Zaka A, Shahzad S, Rao HZ, Kanwal S, Gul A, Basit S. An intrafamilial phenotypic variability in Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome due to a novel 27 bps deletion mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2888-2894. [PMID: 34037314 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease, characterized by ectodermal, skeletal, and cardiac anomalies. We report intrafamilial phenotypic variability in three new EvC syndrome cases. Affected males in this study showed only ectodermal abnormalities, whereas an affected female showed the classical presentation of EvC Syndrome, including bilateral postaxial polydactyly of hands and feet, and congenital heart defects. Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify the causative variant, followed by validation and segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing. A homozygous deletion variant (c.731_757del) was identified in exon 6 of the EVC gene (NM_153717.2). The identified variant is considered to be the most likely candidate variant for the EvC syndrome in the family based on previous reports validating the role of EVC variants in the EvC syndrome. The disease correctly segregated in the family members, as all affected members were homozygous, and obligate carriers were heterozygous. Our family is remarkable in highlighting the variable expressivity of the EvC phenotype within the same family, due to a homozygous deletion mutation in the EVC gene. The variable expressivity might be due to the hypomorphic nature of mutation, or the presence of additional variants in modifier genes or in the regulatory regions of the EVC/EVC2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zaka
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Shahzad
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hadi Zahid Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Kanwal
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Gul
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sulman Basit
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Disorganization of chondrocyte columns in the growth plate does not aggravate experimental osteoarthritis in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10745. [PMID: 32612184 PMCID: PMC7329885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial joint disease mainly affecting articular cartilage (AC) with a relevant biomechanical component. During endochondral ossification growth plate (GP) chondrocytes arrange in columns. GPs do not ossify in skeletally mature rodents. In neonatal mice, an altered joint loading induces GP chondrocyte disorganization. We aimed to study whether experimental OA involves GP disorganization in adult mice and to assess if it may have additional detrimental effects on AC damage. Knee OA was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in wild-type (WT) adult mice, and in Tamoxifen-inducible Ellis-van-Creveld syndrome protein (Evc) knockouts (EvccKO), used as a model of GP disorganization due to Hedgehog signalling disruption. Chondrocyte column arrangement was assessed in the tibial GP and expressed as Column Index (CI). Both DMM-operated WT mice and non-operated-EvccKO showed a decreased CI, indicating GP chondrocyte column disarrangement, although in the latter, it was not associated to AC damage. The most severe GP chondrocyte disorganization occurred in DMM-EvccKO mice, in comparison to the other groups. However, this altered GP structure in DMM-EvccKO mice did not exacerbate AC damage. Further studies are needed to confirm the lack of interference of GP alterations on the analysis of AC employing OA mice.
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Flück CE, Audí L, Fernández-Cancio M, Sauter KS, Martinez de LaPiscina I, Castaño L, Esteva I, Camats N. Broad Phenotypes of Disorders/Differences of Sex Development in MAMLD1 Patients Through Oligogenic Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:746. [PMID: 31555317 PMCID: PMC6726737 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders/differences of sex development (DSD) are the result of a discordance between chromosomal, gonadal, and genital sex. DSD may be due to mutations in any of the genes involved in sex determination and development in general, as well as gonadal and/or genital development specifically. MAMLD1 is one of the recognized DSD genes. However, its role is controversial as some MAMLD1 variants are present in normal individuals, several MAMLD1 mutations have wild-type activity in functional studies, and the Mamld1-knockout male mouse presents with normal genitalia and reproduction. We previously tested nine MAMLD1 variants detected in nine 46,XY DSD patients with broad phenotypes for their functional activity, but none of the mutants, except truncated L210X, had diminished transcriptional activity on known target promoters CYP17A1 and HES3. In addition, protein expression of MAMLD1 variants was similar to wild-type, except for the truncated L210X. We hypothesized that MAMLD1 variants may not be sufficient to explain the phenotype in 46,XY DSD individuals, and that further genetic studies should be performed to search for additional hits explaining the broad phenotypes. We therefore performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in seven of these 46,XY patients with DSD and in one 46,XX patient with ovarian insufficiency, who all carried MAMLD1 variants. WES data were filtered by an algorithm including disease-tailored lists of MAMLD1-related and DSD-related genes. Fifty-five potentially deleterious variants in 41 genes were identified; 16/55 variants were reported in genes in association with hypospadias, 8/55 with cryptorchidism, 5/55 with micropenis, and 13/55 were described in relation with female sex development. Patients carried 1-16 variants in 1-16 genes together with their MAMLD1 variation. Network analysis of the identified genes revealed that 23 genes presented gene/protein interactions with MAMLD1. Thus, our study shows that the broad phenotypes of individual DSD might involve multiple genetic variations contributing towards the complex network of sexual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa E Flück
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics and Department of BioMedical Research, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Audí
- Growth and Development Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Fernández-Cancio
- Growth and Development Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kay-Sara Sauter
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics and Department of BioMedical Research, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Idoia Martinez de LaPiscina
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Luis Castaño
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Cruces University Hospital, Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Isabel Esteva
- Endocrinology Section, Gender Identity Unit, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Núria Camats
- Growth and Development Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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Huang X, Guo Y, Xu H, Yang Z, Deng X, Deng H, Yuan L. Identification of a novel EVC variant in a Han-Chinese family with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e885. [PMID: 31338997 PMCID: PMC6732296 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ellis‐van Creveld syndrome (EVC), a very rare genetic skeletal dysplasia, is clinically characterized by a tetrad consisting of chondrodystrophy, polydactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cardiac anomalies. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic defect for EVC in a five‐generation consanguineous Han‐Chinese pedigree. Methods A five‐generation, 12‐member Han‐Chinese pedigree was enrolled in this study. Exome sequencing was applied in the proband to screen potential genetic variant(s), and then Sanger sequencing was used to identify the variant in family members and 200 unrelated ethnicity‐matched controls. Results A novel homozygous variant, c.2014C>T, p.(Q672*), in the EvC ciliary complex subunit 1 gene (EVC), was detected in the patient, which was cosegregated with the disease in the family and absent in the controls. Conclusion The identified novel homozygous EVC variant, c.2014C>T, p.(Q672*), was responsible for EVC in this Han‐Chinese pedigree. The findings in this study extend the EVC mutation spectrum and may provide new insights into EVC causation and diagnosis with implications for genetic counseling and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Medical Information, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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