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Deppe H, Reitberger J, Behr AV, Vitanova K, Lange R, Wantia N, Wagenpfeil S, Sculean A, Ritschl LM. Oral bacteria in infective endocarditis requiring surgery: a retrospective analysis of 134 patients. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4977-4985. [PMID: 35316412 PMCID: PMC9276723 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives It has been reported that bacteria associated with infective endocarditis originate from the oral cavity in 26–45% of cases. However, little is known on the counts and species of periodontal microbiota in infected heart valves. The aim of this study was to identify these aspects of periodontal microbiota in infective endocarditis and to potentially initiate a dental extraction concept for periodontally compromised teeth concerning patients requiring heart valve surgery. Materials and methods The retrospective study group consisted of tissue samples from infected heart valves of 683 patients who had undergone heart valve surgery. Before patients had undergone cardiac surgery, the following laboratory tests confirmed the occurrence of endocarditis in all patients: blood cultures, echocardiography, electrocardiography, chest X-ray, and electrophoresis of the serum proteins. The specimens were aseptically obtained and deep frozen immediately following surgery. Microbiological diagnosis included proof of germs (dichotomous), species of germs, and source of germs (oral versus other). Results Microbiota was detected in 134 (31.2%) out of 430 enrolled patients. Oral cavity was supposed to be the source in 10.4% of cases, whereas microbiota of the skin (57.5%) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT, 24.6%) were detected considerably more frequently. Moreover, periodontal bacteria belonged mostly to the Streptococci species and the yellow complex. None of the detected bacteria belonged to the red complex. Conclusion Most frequently, the skin and GIT represented the site of origin of the microbiota. Nevertheless, the oral cavity represented the source of IE in up to 10%. Consequently, it needs to be emphasized that a good level of oral hygiene is strongly recommended in all patients undergoing heart valve surgery in order to reduce the bacterial load in the oral cavity, thereby minimizing the hematogenous spread of oral microbiota. The prerequisites for conservative dental treatment versus radical tooth extraction must always be based on the patient’s cooperation, and the clinical intraoral status on a sense of proportion in view of the overall clinical situation due to the underlying cardiac disease. Clinical relevance The oral cavity is a source of oral microbiota on infected heart valves. Patients requiring heart valve surgery should always undergo a critical evaluation of dental treatment affecting periodontally compromised teeth, favoring a systematic, conservative-leaning recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Deppe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Hospital "Rechts Der Isar", Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Reitberger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Hospital "Rechts Der Isar", Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra V Behr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Hospital "Rechts Der Isar", Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Keti Vitanova
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Wantia
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Hospital "Rechts Der Isar", Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, University of Saarland, Kirrbergerstraße Building 86, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucas M Ritschl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Hospital "Rechts Der Isar", Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Staedt H, Heimes D, Kämmerer PW. Antibiotika im Rahmen der Endokarditisprophylaxe – Risiko und Nutzen. WISSEN KOMPAKT : FORTBILDUNG FUR ZAHNARZTE 2021; 15:113-122. [PMID: 34426751 PMCID: PMC8374404 DOI: 10.1007/s11838-021-00134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Für die Effektivität und Effizienz einer antibiotischen Prophylaxe vor zahnmedizinischen Eingriffen zum Schutz vor einer infektiösen Endokarditis liegt nur eine geringe Evidenz vor, die keine Rechtfertigung zur generalisierten Therapie von Patienten mit einem erhöhten Endokarditisrisiko darstellt. Aktuelle Leitlinien empfehlen daher, Antibiotika im Rahmen der Endokarditisprophylaxe auf Patienten zu beschränken, die zum einen ein hohes Risiko für die Entstehung einer infektiösen Endokarditis aufweisen und die sich zum anderen zahnärztlichen Eingriffen mit höchstem Endokarditisrisiko unterziehen. Einen hohen Stellwert besitzen allerdings auch Mund- und Hauthygienemaßnahmen, die nicht nur auf Risikopatienten, sondern auch auf die Allgemeinbevölkerung angewendet werden sollten, da die Inzidenz der infektiösen Endokarditis bei Patienten ohne anamnestisch bekannte Herzerkrankung zunehmend ansteigt.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Staedt
- Private Universität im Fürstentum Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - D. Heimes
- Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund‑, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie – plastische Operationen, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - P. W. Kämmerer
- Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund‑, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie – plastische Operationen, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
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The Existence of Periodontal Disease and Subsequent Ocular Diseases: A Population-Based Cohort Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56110621. [PMID: 33218003 PMCID: PMC7698707 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: We aimed to evaluate the correlation between periodontal disease (PD) and following ocular diseases via the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Subjects were regarded as having PD according to the diagnostic codes. For comparison, each subject with PD was matched to one non-PD individual from the database after exclusion. The main outcome was defined as the development of infectious keratitis, endophthalmitis, orbital cellulitis, lacrimal duct infection, uveitis and infectious scleritis. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to yield the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of ocular diseases between the study and control groups. Results: A total of 426,594 subjects were enrolled in both the study and control groups. In the multivariable analysis, significantly higher rates of infectious keratitis (aHR: 1.094, 95% CI: 1.030–1.161), uveitis (aHR: 1.144, 95% CI: 1.074–1.218) and infectious scleritis (aHR: 1.270, 95% CI: 1.114–1.449) were found in the study group. Concerning the PD interval, infectious keratitis (aHR: 1.159, 95% CI: 1.041–1.291) and infectious scleritis (aHR: 1.345, 95% CI: 1.055–1.714) would significantly occur in PD patients with an interval shorter than two years, individuals with a PD interval that ranged from two to five years were under a higher risk of developing uveitis (aHR: 1.184, 95% CI: 1.065–1.315) and infectious scleritis (aHR: 1.386, 95% CI: 1.125–1.708), and the rate of uveitis (aHR: 1.149, 95% CI: 1.038–1.272) was significantly higher if PD persisted more than five years. Conclusions: The presence of PD was moderately associated with the risk of developing infectious keratitis, uveitis and infectious scleritis.
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(Sanitation of dental foci before valve surgery). COR ET VASA 2020. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2019.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wan QS, Li L, Yang SK, Liu ZL, Song N. Role of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms on the Susceptibility to Periodontitis: A Meta-Analysis of a Controversial Issue. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:618-633. [PMID: 31448964 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To assess whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms influence the susceptibility to periodontitis. Methods: We retrieved 34 relevant studies, comprising a total of 3848 subjects suffering from periodontitis and 3470 controls for this meta-analysis. The pooled data were analyzed using STATA software. Results: Among all ethnic groups examined, the VDR BsmI polymorphism was associated with periodontitis under the recessive model (odds ratio [OR] = 0.722, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.532-0.980, p = 0.037). There was also a link between the VDR FokI polymorphism and periodontitis in the overall population (dominant model: OR = 1.459, 95% CI: 1.050-2.028, p = 0.025 and allelic model: OR = 1.386, 95% CI: 1.026-1.874, p = 0.034) and in Chinese participants (dominant model: OR = 1.813, 95% CI: 1.185-2.774, p = 0.006; allelic model: OR = 1.602, 95% CI: 1.044-2.459, p = 0.031) when stratified by race. The FokI variant was also correlated with aggressive periodontitis (AP) (dominant model: OR = 2.204, 95% CI: 1.148-4.231, p = 0.018; allelic model: OR = 2.017, 95% CI: 1.365-2.980, p = 0.000; and recessive model: OR = 2.903, 95% CI: 1.520-5.542, p = 0.001). We also showed a correlation between the VDR TaqI variant and periodontitis susceptibility in Caucasian populations (dominant model: OR = 0.525, 95% CI: 0.318-0.866, p = 0.012). The results revealed that there was no relationship between the VDR ApaI gene polymorphism and periodontitis. Conclusions: There was a link between the VDR BsmI and FokI gene polymorphisms and periodontitis in the overall population. In addition, the FokI polymorphism was correlated with AP. There was a link between the TaqI polymorphism and periodontitis in the Caucasian population. The VDR Apal variant, however, was not correlated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Song Wan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Medicine, Hunan Environment-Biological Polytechnic, Hengyang, China
| | - Shi-Kun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Long Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Kaboré WAD, Dembélé R, Bagré TS, Konaté A, Boisramé S, Chevalier V, Konsem T, Traoré AS, Barro N. Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Lactococcus lactis Isolated from Endodontic Infections in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Dent J (Basel) 2018; 6:dj6040069. [PMID: 30544668 PMCID: PMC6313549 DOI: 10.3390/dj6040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to characterize and test the antimicrobial susceptibility of Lactococcus lactis isolated in endodontic infections in Burkina Faso. Material and methods: This was a prospective study conducted at the Municipal Oral Health Center of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, from June to October 2014. Clinical data were collected using a questionnaire form. The method of streaking on selective medium was used to isolate bacteria. Identification was made using the API 20 Strep gallery. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by the diffusion method on solid medium. Results: One hundred and twenty-five (125) patients were received with a significant proportion from the age group of 19 to 40 years (55.2%). Apical periodontitis accounted for 50.4% and cellulitis for 49.6% of cases. Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis was identified in five exudate samples. Isolates were 100% resistant to cefixime and metronidazole, 80% to ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol and 60% to penicillin G, amoxicillin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid. A multidrug resistance of more than three families of antibiotics was noticed. No strains produced extended spectrum ß-lactamases. Conclusion: Lactococcus lactis is part of endodontic biofilm. The reported strong antibiotic resistance involving endodontic therapy will focus on the effect of the disinfectant solution and the mechanical action of the canal instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendpoulomdé Aimé Désiré Kaboré
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmitted by Food (LaBESTA)/Center for Research in Biological, Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN)/Graduate School of Science and Technology (EDST), University of Ouaga I, Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso.
- Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences (UFR/SDS), University of Ouaga I, Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso.
| | - René Dembélé
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmitted by Food (LaBESTA)/Center for Research in Biological, Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN)/Graduate School of Science and Technology (EDST), University of Ouaga I, Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso.
| | - Touwendsida Serge Bagré
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmitted by Food (LaBESTA)/Center for Research in Biological, Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN)/Graduate School of Science and Technology (EDST), University of Ouaga I, Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso.
| | - Ali Konaté
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmitted by Food (LaBESTA)/Center for Research in Biological, Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN)/Graduate School of Science and Technology (EDST), University of Ouaga I, Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso.
| | - Sylvie Boisramé
- University Laboratory of Biodiversity and Microbial Ecology, EA 3882/University of Western Brittany, 22 av C. Desmoulins 29238 Brest CEDEX, France.
| | - Valérie Chevalier
- Department of Odontology Conservative and Endodontics, University of Western Brittany, 22 av C. Desmoulins 29238 Brest CEDEX, France.
| | - Tarcissus Konsem
- Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences (UFR/SDS), University of Ouaga I, Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso.
| | - Alfred S Traoré
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmitted by Food (LaBESTA)/Center for Research in Biological, Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN)/Graduate School of Science and Technology (EDST), University of Ouaga I, Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso.
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmitted by Food (LaBESTA)/Center for Research in Biological, Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN)/Graduate School of Science and Technology (EDST), University of Ouaga I, Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso.
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