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Hu W, Chen N, Yan W, Pei P, Wei Y, Zhan X. Knowledge Mapping of Olfactory Dysfunction: A Bibliometric Study. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:904982. [PMID: 35770245 PMCID: PMC9234575 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.904982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Olfaction is one of the five basic senses of human beings. As such, olfactory dysfunction seriously affects patients' quality of life and can even endanger them. In recent years, olfactory dysfunction has attracted greater research interest, and numerous studies have been published on olfactory dysfunction. However, there are few studies on olfactory dysfunction through bibliometric analysis. This study aims to describe the current situation and identify the foci and potential new research directions of olfactory dysfunction using a bibliometric approach. Methods Articles related to olfactory dysfunction published from 2002 to 2021 were located in the Web of Science Core Collection of Clarivate Analytics (London, UK). Bibliometric analyses were conducted with the CiteSpace (Chaomei Chen, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA) and VOSviewer (Center for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands) software programs. Results The number of articles published each year showed an upward trend, especially in 2020, where a sharp increase had occurred due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The United States was the country with the most publications and the strongest international cooperation. In terms of institutions, the greatest number of publications from a single institution came from Dresden University of Technology. Thomas Hummel was the author who had contributed the most articles. An analysis of co-citation networks and burst keywords in the field revealed a shift from “gonadotropin-releasing hormone” and “apoptosis” earlier on to “olfactory training,” “COVID-19,” and “Parkinson's disease” more recently. “Outcome,” “COVID-19,” “infection,” and “pathogenesis” are topics of the research frontier and hotspots. Conclusion More attention has been paid to olfactory dysfunction as the understanding of it has improved in the past 20 years. This study provides researchers with an objective, systematic, and comprehensive analysis of the literature on olfactory dysfunction. The current frontier areas and hotspots in the field focus on the pathological mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction after infection with COVID-19 and its different prognoses. The pathophysiological mechanism of olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19 will be a primary future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiheng Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongxiang Wei
| | - Xiaojun Zhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Xiaojun Zhan
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郭 怡, 姚 淋, 孙 智, 黄 小, 刘 佳, 魏 永. [Prognostic value of olfactory bulb volume in patients with post-viral olfactory dysfunction]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2022; 36:8-13. [PMID: 34979611 PMCID: PMC10128224 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare the olfactory function examination results of patients with post-viral olfactory dysfunction(PVOD) in different prognostic groups and analyze prognostic factors, especially the influence of olfactory bulb volume(OBV) on prognosis, so as to provide objective basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods:After approval by the hospital ethics committee, the patients with PVOD admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital's outpatient department from January 2019 to December 2019 were followed up for at least 1 year. These patients completed the Sniffin' Sticks test and MRI examination of the olfactory pathway before treatment. According to the results of the Sniffin' Sticks test after 1 year follow-up(threshold-discrimination-identification(TDI) score of the patients was increased at least 6 points), the patients were divided into two groups as the improvement group and the non-improvement group. The prognostic factors of PVOD patients were preliminarily determined by comparing the differences of various factors and the results of olfactory function examination between the two groups. Results:In this study, 47 patients with PVOD were included, with the smell improvement rate was 53.2%. Compared with the improvement group, the patients in the non-improvement group had longer duration, poorer initial olfactory function, higher olfactory threshold, and poorer olfactory discrimination and recognition ability(All P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in terms of gender, age, allergic rhinitis and smoking between the two groups(All P>0.05).The OBV of the non-improvement group was (59.48±23.92) mm³, which was significantly lower than that in the improvement group([92.77±14.35]mm³, P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that prognostic factors included course of disease(OR 0.677, 95%CI 0.461-0.993, P=0.046), initial T value(OR 263.806, 95%CI 1.028-67 675.884, P=0.049) and OBV(OR 1.160, 95%CI 1.002-1.343, P=0.047). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve) of OBV was 0.888(0.797-0.979, P<0.001). The correct diagnostic index of OBV≥78.50 mm³was used to determine the prognosis of olfactory function, with a specificity of 0.818 and a sensitivity of 0.840. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve of duration was 0.822(0.703-0.940, P<0.001). The correct diagnostic index of the duration ≤6 months was used to determine the prognosis of olfactory function, with a specificity of 0.727 and a sensitivity of 0.800. The area of T score was 0.793(0.662-0.924, P=0.001). T score ≥1.25 was used as the correct diagnostic index to determine the prognosis of olfactory function. The specificity and sensitivity were 0.818 and 0.680, respectively. Conclusion:The prognosis of olfactory function in PVOD patients is related to the course of disease, the degree of olfactory loss and OBV. Those with no improvement in olfactory function have a longer disease course, aggravated olfactory damage and reduced OBV than those with improved olfactory function. The factors of Duration ≤6 months, T value ≥1.25 and OBV≥78.50 mm³suggested better prognosis, and the results of objective olfactory examination have greater value in evaluating the prognosis of olfactory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- 怡辰 郭
- 首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(北京,100029)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - 淋尹 姚
- 首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(北京,100029)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - 智甫 孙
- 首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(北京,100029)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - 小兵 黄
- 首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(北京,100029)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - 佳 刘
- 首都儿童研究所耳鼻咽喉头颈外科Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics
| | - 永祥 魏
- 首都儿童研究所耳鼻咽喉头颈外科Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics
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Philpott CM, Boardman J, Boak D. Patient Experiences of Postinfectious Olfactory Dysfunction. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2021; 83:299-303. [PMID: 33971658 DOI: 10.1159/000516109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To highlight the importance of the need for new treatment modalities, this study aimed to characterise the experience of patients with postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) in terms of the treatment they received. METHODS An online survey was hosted by the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit on the secure REDCap server. Members of the charity Fifth Sense (the UK charity that represents and supports people affected by smell and taste disorders) were invited to participate. RESULTS There were 149 respondents, of whom 127 had identified themselves as having (or had) PIOD. The age range of respondents to the survey was 28-85 years, with a mean of 58 ± 12 years, with the duration of their disorder <5 years in 63% of cases. Respondents reported experiencing variable treatment with oral and/or intranasal steroids given typically (28%), often with no benefit, but with 50% receiving no treatment whatsoever; only 3% reported undertaking olfactory training. Over two-thirds of patients experience parosmia and, up to 5 years from the onset of the problem, were still actively seeking a solution. CONCLUSION There appears to be a need to encourage greater use of guidelines for olfactory disorders amongst medical practitioners and also to develop more effective treatments for patients with PIOD, where there is clearly an unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Philpott
- The Norfolk Smell & Taste Clinic, The Norfolk & Waveney ENT Service, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Fifth Sense, Phoenix Business Centre, Unit 8, Barrow-in-Furness, United Kingdom
| | - James Boardman
- Fifth Sense, Phoenix Business Centre, Unit 8, Barrow-in-Furness, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Boak
- Fifth Sense, Phoenix Business Centre, Unit 8, Barrow-in-Furness, United Kingdom
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Winchester RL, Martyn K. Could Early Identification of Changes in Olfactory Function Be an Indicator of Preclinical Neurodegenerative Disease? A Systematic Review. Neurol Ther 2020; 9:243-263. [PMID: 32529479 PMCID: PMC7606376 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-020-00199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that currently affects 850,000 individuals in the UK with estimates continuing to rise. Diagnosis is only available in the presence of significant neuronal pathology and apparent cognitive decline, meaning that treatment avenues are often limited and carry little to no effect on prognosis. Olfactory function has been shown to have a direct correlation with cognitive function and therefore may serve as a potential diagnostic tool for the detection of preclinical disease. The objective was to examine the current literature to establish the accuracy of olfactory function testing in determining current and future cognitive function. METHODS A systematic review was performed via Medline on 17 October 2019 using the search terms and Boolean operators 'Dementia OR Alzheimer's AND olfaction AND cognitive impairment' yielding 111 results. These were then screened using inclusion/exclusion criteria alongside a PICO strategy. After titles, abstracts and full text were screened, nine articles were included in the review and critically appraised using the AXIS and CASP tools. RESULTS Significant correlations are demonstrated between olfactory impairment (OI) and cognitive decline. However, there were limitations of many of the studies in that confounders such as head trauma, upper respiratory infection (URTI) and smoking history were not considered. The majority of the studies also used an olfactory screening tool that was not designed for the population being examined. CONCLUSION Despite improvements in olfactory testing needing to be implemented, OI is clearly impaired in neurodegenerative disease across a multitude of ages and cultures, offering an early marker of future cognitive decline. As a result of the heterogenous nature of the included studies, there is a further need for future research to ensure the sensitivity, validity and reliability of implementing olfactory testing as an early marker of future cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki L Winchester
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, England.
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Tian J, Pinto JM, Li L, Zhang S, Sun Z, Wei Y. Identification of Viruses in Patients With Postviral Olfactory Dysfunction by Multiplex Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:158-164. [PMID: 32786080 PMCID: PMC7436707 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives/Hypothesis To investigate causative viruses in patients with postviral olfactory disorders (PVOD). Study Design Case‐control study. Methods One hundred fifty‐one consecutive patients diagnosed with PVOD were enrolled, and samples from 38 patients who visited the doctor within 3 months of symptom onset were collected and analyzed. Thirty‐two individuals who underwent surgery for nasal septal deviation during the same time period were collected as the control group. The Sniffin' Sticks psychophysical olfactory test was used to evaluate olfactory function. Olfactory cleft specimens were collected using nasopharyngeal flocked swabs (COPAN FLOQSwabs). Eighteen viruses were tested for with the Luminex xTAG RVP FAST v2 Assay Kit. Results Out of the 38 patients with PVOD, rhinoviruses were detected in 13 patients, and coronavirus OC43 was detected in one patient. The frequency of positive virus detection in the patients with anosmia was higher than in those with hyposmia (58.8% vs. 19.0%, P = 0.018). In control group, rhinovirus was identified in one patient (3.1%). Nasal obstruction was the most common symptom and was experienced by 71.0% of patients. Conclusions Rhinovirus and coronavirus are more commonly identified in PVOD. Our methods represent an approach to screen for viruses that may be involved in PVOD. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 131:158–164, 2021
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Li Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Sanmei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xie DX, Leland EM, Seal SM, Lin SY, Rowan NR. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Taste Dysfunction in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:482-489. [PMID: 32609889 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often describe alterations in sense of taste. These complaints have historically been attributed to olfactory dysfunction; however, there is evidence of direct, objective, gustatory disturbances in the setting of CRS that are not thoroughly characterized. This study sought to investigate and summarize gustatory dysfunction experienced by patients with CRS. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were reviewed following PRISMA guidelines. English language, original studies investigating objective taste in adult patients with CRS were included. A meta-analysis with inverse variance, random-effects model was performed. RESULTS Of 2750 studies screened, 11 articles with 471 unique patients were included. Patients with CRS exhibit worse gustatory function compared to healthy controls (standardized mean difference 0.94 [95% CI, 0.44-1.45]). Hypogeusia was identified in 32/95 (33.7%) patients from three studies that used methods with a validated definition of hypogeusia. Older age, male gender, and smoking history were associated with taste dysfunction, while objective gustatory and olfactory dysfunction were not correlated. Subjective taste and quality of life measures were also not associated with objective taste. The impact of sinus surgery on objective taste is unclear. CONCLUSION Approximately 34% of patients with CRS experience hypogeusia. Neither olfactory function nor subjective taste were associated with objective gustatory function. Given the substantial prevalence of taste dysfunction patients with CRS, there is significant potential for growth in understanding of pathogenesis, impact on quality of life, and potential treatment strategies of taste impairment in the CRS patient population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Laryngoscope, 131:482-489, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah X Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Evelyn M Leland
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Stella M Seal
- Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Sandra Y Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
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Abstract
Young children with olfactory disturbance are sometimes encountered in ENT clinics. We investigated the clinical applicability of olfactory testing to the pediatric population in China.One hundred and ninety-three healthy children aged 6 to 17 years were enrolled. All participants were asked for demographic information (age, sex, body mass index [BMI], and rating of olfactory function) in a structured questionnaire and underwent olfactory testing including T&T Olfactometer (T&T), odor discrimination (OD), and odor identification (OI) tests of Sniffin' Sticks.Age had a significant influence on the outcome of olfactory testing, sex, BMI, or self-rating had no influence. Children had better performance on T&T than OI and OD tests of Sniffin' Sticks.T&T and Sniffin' Sticks can be completed by Chinese children. Performance on olfactory tests increased with increasing age. T&T may be more suitable to assess olfactory function in the Chinese pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital
| | - Hongguang Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital
| | - Jumei Wang
- Infirmary of Nanshan Primary School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Delun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital
| | - Zebin Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital
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Yao L, Yi X, Pinto JM, Yuan X, Guo Y, Liu Y, Wei Y. Olfactory cortex and Olfactory bulb volume alterations in patients with post-infectious Olfactory loss. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:1355-1362. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yao L, Pinto JM, Yi X, Li L, Peng P, Wei Y. Gray matter volume reduction of olfactory cortices in patients with idiopathic olfactory loss. Chem Senses 2014; 39:755-60. [PMID: 25240014 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bju047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic olfactory loss (IOL) is a common olfactory disorder. Little is known about the pathophysiology of this disease. Previous studies demonstrated decreased olfactory bulb (OB) volume in IOL patients when compared with controls. The aim of our study was to investigate structural brain alterations in areas beyond the OB. We acquired T1-weighted magnetic resonance images from 16 patients with IOL and from 16 age- and sex-matched controls on a 3T scanner. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed using VBM8 toolbox and SPM8 in a Matlab environment. Psychophysical testing confirmed that patients had higher scores for Toyota and Takagi olfactometer and lower scores for Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test than controls (t = 46.9, P < 0.001 and t = 21.4, P < 0.001, respectively), consistent with olfactory dysfunction. There was a significant negative correlation between the 2 olfactory tests (r = -0.6, P = 0.01). In a volume of interest analysis including primary and secondary olfactory areas, we found patients with IOL to exhibit gray matter volume loss in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, parahippocampal cortex, and the piriform cortex. The present study indicates that changes in the central brain structures proximal to the OB occur in IOL. Further investigations of this phenomenon may be helpful to elucidate the etiology of IOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyin Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jayant Marian Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiaoli Yi
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China and
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China,
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