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Yang Y, Fan G, Lan J, Li X, Li X, Liu R. Polysaccharide-mediated modulation of gut microbiota in the treatment of liver diseases: Promising approach with significant challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:135566. [PMID: 39270901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Liver disease represents a significant global health burden, with an increasing prevalence and a lack of efficient treatment options. The microbiota-gut-liver axis involves bidirectional communication between liver function and intestinal microorganisms. A balanced gut flora protects intestinal homeostasis, while imbalances contribute to the development of liver diseases. Distinct alterations in the structure of gut flora during illness are crucial in the management of various liver diseases. Polysaccharides derived from herbal products, fungi, and other sources have been identified to possess diverse biological activities and are well-tolerated in the treatment of liver diseases. This review provides updates on the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides on liver diseases, including fatty liver diseases, acute liver injuries and liver cancers. It also summarizes advancements in understanding the mechanisms involved, particularly from the perspective of gut microbiota and metabolites, by highlighting the changes in the composition of potentially beneficial and harmful bacteria and their correlation with the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides. Additionally, by exploring the structure-activity relationship, our review provides valuable insights for the structural modification of polysaccharides and expanding their applications. In conclusion, this review offers theoretical support and novel perspectives on developing polysaccharides-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guifang Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianhang Lan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China.
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Yang N, Ko M, Ahn M, Shin T. Hepatoprotective effects of norgalanthamine on carbon tetrachloride induced-hepatotoxicity in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:144-154. [PMID: 34915776 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2015241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Norgalanthamine is a major component of Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum that exhibits several biological activities. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of norgalanthamine in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Norgalanthamine (1 and 10 mg/kg) was orally administered to mice for 7 or 14 days, after which liver injury was induced by CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, i.p.). The vehicle and positive controls consisted of phosphate-buffered saline and silymarin (100 mg/kg), respectively. In CCl4-injured mice, norgalanthamine pretreatment significantly reversed the increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels, and the decrease in the serum glucose level. In the liver, norgalanthamine restored the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, while reducing lipid accumulation and, concurrently, the expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and adipocyte protein-2. Norgalanthamine also ameliorated inflammation by down-regulating the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1, and up-regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. In addition, norgalanthamine decreased collagen deposition in liver tissue as shown on picrosirius red staining by down-regulating expression of the fibrosis-related genes αSMA and fibronectin. Collectively, these findings imply that norgalanthamine mitigates CCl4-induced hepatic injury by increasing anti-oxidative activity, down-regulating pro-inflammatory mediators and fibrosis-related genes in the liver.HighlightsNorgalanthamine ameliorated the hepatotoxicity after CCl4 injury.Norgalanthamine suppressed the activation of Kupffer cells and macrophages.Norgalanthamine down-regulated pro-inflammatory mediators.Norgalanthamine increased anti-oxidative activity via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.Norgalanthamine downregulated fibrosis-related genes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsoon Ko
- Poultry Clinic and Laboratory of Bansuk Ltc, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits and Food Applications of Grape. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182755. [PMID: 36140883 PMCID: PMC9497968 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most popular fruits worldwide. It contains various bioactive compounds, such as proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonols, phenolic acids and stilbenes, the contents of which could vary considerably in grape skin, pulp and seed. Many studies have revealed that grape possesses a variety of health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gut-microbiota-modulating, anticancer and cardioprotective effects. Grape is eaten as fresh fruit and is also used as raw material to produce various products, such as wine, grape juice and raisins. Moreover, the byproducts of grape, such as grape pomace and grape seed, have many applications in the food industry. In this paper, the bioactive compounds in grape are briefly summarized based on literature published in recent years. In addition, the health benefits of grape and its bioactive components are discussed, with special attention paid to the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the applications of grape in the food industry are elucidated, especially the applications of grape pomace and grape seed. This paper can contribute to understanding the health benefits and mechanisms of grape and its bioactive compounds, as well as the promotion of the use of grape in the food industry.
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Xu Y, Zhang Z, Wang B, He X, Tang J, Peng W, Zhou J, Wang Y. Flammulina velutipes Polysaccharides Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Injury in Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:847653. [PMID: 35401429 PMCID: PMC8986159 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.847653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury mouse model is used to study the regulation of gut microbiota and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes (FVPs). The hepatoprotective effect of the FVPs leads to reduced levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), total bile acid (TBA) content, and change in liver histopathology. Their anti-oxidant activity is exhibited by decreased levels of hepatic malonaldehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) content and increased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) content. The anti-inflammatory ability of the FVPs is reflected in a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α). 16S rRNA sequencing shows that the FVPs change the composition of the gut microbiota. A subsequent metabolomics analysis of the gut bacteria (UHPLC-MS/MS-based) revealed that fatty acid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 play important roles in the hepatoprotective effect. This study provides a potential way to modulate gut microbiota and manage liver diseases using natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyin Xu
- Department of Preservation and Processing, Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Preservation and Processing, Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Preservation and Processing, Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan He
- Department of Preservation and Processing, Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Preservation and Processing, Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Peng
- Department of Preservation and Processing, Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Preservation and Processing, Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Preservation and Processing, Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
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Study on Synergistic Antioxidant Effect of Typical Functional Components of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract from Ginkgo Biloba In Vitro. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020439. [PMID: 35056751 PMCID: PMC8778188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The predicted anti-oxidation is related to apoptosis, proliferation, lipid metabolism, cell differentiation, and immune response. There are some differences in the antioxidant capacity of the four typical components of ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) including ginkgo flavone (GF), ginkgolide (G), procyanidins (OPC), and organic acids (OA), and any two members of them can exhibit apparent synergistic effects. The order of DPPH scavenging ability was: OPC > GF > OA > G. The scavenging ability of procyanidins was close to that of VC; the scavenging capacity of ABTS was GF > OPC > OA > G. The GF:OPC (1:9) showed the best synergism in scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals. The 193 kinds of small molecules reported in EGb were obtained by analyzing the properties of EGb. In order to construct a corresponding biological activity target set, molecular docking and the network pharmacology method were employed to build the molecular action mechanism network of a compound target, and the main biological functions and signaling pathways involved with their antioxidant activities were predicted. The results displayed that the top ten compounds which belonged to the two broad categories, ginkgo flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, could interact closely with several important target proteins (CASP3, SOD2, MAPK1, HSPA4, and NQO1). This would be expected to lay a theoretical foundation for the deep development of Ginkgo biloba extract.
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Xu Y, Xie L, Tang J, He X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Zhou J, Gan B, Peng W. Morchella importuna Polysaccharides Alleviate Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Injury in Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:669331. [PMID: 34413784 PMCID: PMC8369260 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.669331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Morchella importuna polysaccharides (MIPs) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in mice. A total of 144 female mice were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, namely, control, CCl4, low-dose MIP (LMIP) group, and high-dose MIP (HMIP) group. After the 10-day experiment, serum and liver were sampled for biochemical and metabolomic analyses. The HMIPs markedly decreased the liver weight under CCl4 intoxication. Furthermore, the significantly elevated concentrations of five serum biochemical parameters, including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and total bile acid under CCl4 treatment were subverted by MIP administration in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, MIPs relieved the increased hepatic malonaldehyde and protein carbonyl content and the decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase contents caused by CCl4 intoxication. There was also a dose-dependent decrease in the CCl4-induced inflammatory indices, such as the levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and myeloperoxidase, with MIP administration. Subsequent ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics identified nine metabolites between the control and CCl4 groups and 10 metabolites between the HMIP and CCl4 groups, including some critical metabolites involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and toxicant degradation. These novel findings indicate that MIPs may be of therapeutic value in alleviating the oxidative stress and inflammation caused by CCl4. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics provides a valuable opportunity for identifying potential biomarkers and elucidating the protective mechanisms of medicinal mushrooms against hepatic oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyin Xu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Xie
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Tang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan He
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingcheng Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Peng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
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Polyphenols by Generating H 2O 2, Affect Cell Redox Signaling, Inhibit PTPs and Activate Nrf2 Axis for Adaptation and Cell Surviving: In Vitro, In Vivo and Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090797. [PMID: 32867057 PMCID: PMC7555200 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human health benefits from different polyphenols molecules consumption in the diet, derived mainly by their common activities in the gastrointestinal tract and at the level of blood micro-capillary. In the stomach, intestine and colon, polyphenols act as reducing agents preventing lipid peroxidation, generation and absorption of AGEs/ALEs (advanced glycation end products/advanced lipid oxidation end products) and postprandial oxidative stress. The low absorption of polyphenols in blood does not support their activity as antioxidants and their mechanism of activity is not fully understood. The results are from in vitro, animal and human studies, detected by relevant oxidative stress markers. The review carries evidences that polyphenols, by generating H2O2 at nM concentration, exogenous to cells and organs, act as activators of signaling factors increasing cell Eustress. When polyphenols attain high concentration in the blood system, they generate H2O2 at µM concentration, acting as cytotoxic agents and Distress. Pre-treatment of cells or organisms with polyphenols, by generating H2O2 at low levels, inhibits cellular PTPs (protein tyrosine phosphatases), inducing cell signaling through transcription of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) axis of adaptation and protection to oxidation stress. Polyphenols ingestion at the right amount and time during the meal acts synergistically at the level of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and blood system, for keeping the redox homeostasis in our organism and better balancing human health.
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Liu T, Tan F, Long X, Pan Y, Mu J, Zhou X, Yi R, Zhao X. Improvement Effect of Lotus Leaf Flavonoids on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E41. [PMID: 32102401 PMCID: PMC7169453 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of lotus leaf flavonoids (LLF) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in mice was studied. CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally to induce liver injury in Kunming mice. Mice were treated with LLF by gavage, and the mRNA expression levels in serum and liver were detected. Compared with the model group, LLF significantly reduced the liver index and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels in mice with CCl4-induced liver injury. Pathological observation showed that LLF effectively reduced morphological incompleteness and hepatocyte necrosis in CCl4-treated liver tissue. The result of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) indicated that LLF significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), and catalase (CAT) and down- regulated the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (p < 0.05). Thus, LLF is an active ingredient that ameliorates liver injury, and it has good application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongji Liu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela 838, Philippines;
| | - Xingyao Long
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Yanni Pan
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jianfei Mu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Runkun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
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Protective Effects of Flavone from Tamarix aphylla against CCl 4-Induced Liver Injury in Mice Mediated by Suppression of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205215. [PMID: 31640181 PMCID: PMC6829218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the beneficial effects of 3,5-dihydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavone isolated from Tamarix aphylla L. against liver injury in mice. Liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at a dose of 0.4 mL/kg mixed in olive oil at ratio (1:4) twice a week for 6 consecutive weeks. The administration of CCl4 caused significant histopathological changes in liver tissues while the pre-treatment with the flavone at dose of 10 and 25 mg/kg ameliorated the observed liver damages. Also, it markedly reduced hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level as well as increased the activities of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) compared with their recorded levels in CCl4 model group. Moreover, the immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the enhancement in the protein level of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) while the protein levels of cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3 (caspase-3), Bcl-2-associated x protein (Bax), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and CD31 were suppressed following the flavone treatement. These results suggest that the flavone can inhibit liver injury induced in mice owning to its impact on the oxidation, apoptotic and angiogenesis mechanisms. Further pharmacological investigations are essential to determine the effectiveness of the flavone in human.
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Czekaj P, Król M, Limanówka Ł, Michalik M, Lorek K, Gramignoli R. Assessment of animal experimental models of toxic liver injury in the context of their potential application as preclinical models for cell therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172597. [PMID: 31408648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical animal models allow to study development and progression of several diseases, including liver disorders. These studies, for ethical reasons and medical limits, are impossible to carry out in human patients. At the same time, such experimental models constitute an important source of knowledge on pathomechanisms for drug- and virus-induced hepatotoxicity, both acute and chronic. Carbon tetrachloride, D-Galactosamine, and retrorsine are xenobiotics that can be used in immunocompetent animal models of hepatotoxicity, where chemical-intoxicated livers present histological features representative of human viruses-related infection. A prolonged derangement into liver architecture and functions commonly lead to cirrhosis, eventually resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma. In human, orthotopic liver transplantation commonly resolve most the problems related to cirrhosis. However, the shortage of donors does not allow all the patients in the waiting list to receive an organ on time. A promising alternative treatment for acute and chronic liver disease has been advised in liver cell transplantation, but the limited availability of hepatocytes for clinical approaches, in addition to the immunosuppressant regiment required to sustain cellular long-term engraftment have been encouraging the use of alternative cell sources. A recent effective source of stem cells have been recently identified in the human amnion membrane. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC) have been preclinically tested and proven sufficient to rescue immunocompetent rodents lethally intoxicated with drugs. The adoption of therapeutic procedures based on hAEC transplant in immunocompetent recipients affected by liver diseases, as well as patients with immune-related disorders, may constitute a successful new alternative therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Król
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Limanówka
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Michalik
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lorek
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 14152, Huddinge, Sweden.
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11
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Hasona N, Morsi A. Grape Seed Extract Alleviates Dexamethasone-Induced Hyperlipidemia, Lipid Peroxidation, and Hematological Alteration in Rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 34:213-218. [PMID: 31092996 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ameliorative effects of dietary natural compounds have drawn increasing attention. Dietary antioxidant is considered a common practice adopted in traditional and alternative medicine. The current study was considered to assess the ameliorative effect of grape seed extract on dexamethasone-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Rats were injected with dexamethasone, (0.1 mg/kg; i.m.), three times per week, for 30 days. The other groups; dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg) and grape seed extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg were given orally to rats, respectively. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in a significant elevation in liver function markers activities, lipid profile, and hematological alterations; also, a remarkable increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation marker whereas decreased antioxidant activities in rats. However, administration of grape seed extract resulted in a reversal of dexamethasone-induced lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, liver function markers and lipid profile, and hematological alterations. Moreover, grape seed extract demonstrated preventive action against dexamethasone-induced histopathological changes in rat liver tissues. In conclusion, grape seed extract exhibited a protective effect in rats against oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia and hematological alterations induced by dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Hasona
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- 2Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Morsi
- 3Pathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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12
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Yogalakshmi B, Sathiya Priya C, Anuradha CV. Grape seed proanthocyanidins and metformin combination attenuate hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats subjected to nutrition excess. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:174-183. [PMID: 29482356 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1444058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver is a pathological outcome of nutrient excess and is suggested to be one of the hits for progressive liver injury. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) and metformin (MET) alone or in combination can relieve hepatic ER stress induced in rats subjected to calorie excess. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male albino Wistar rats were given high calorie diet (HCD) for 45 days, while GSP (100 mg/kg body weight) and MET (50 mg/kg body weight) were administered either alone or in combination for last 15 days. RESULTS GSP, MET or both had reduced the levels of ER stress markers and chaperons, and suppressed the activation of lipogenic and inflammatory mediators in rat liver. DISCUSSION Though GSP and MET had reduced ER stress and inflammation individually, combination treatment with GSP + MET was more effective. CONCLUSION We suggest intervention with GSP and MET intake has to be considered for the management of liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskaran Yogalakshmi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar , India
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13
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Lee Y, Cho IJ, Kim JW, Lee M, Ku SK, Choi J, Lee H. Hepatoprotective effects of blue honeysuckle on CCl 4-induced acute liver damaged mice. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:322-338. [PMID: 30680187 PMCID: PMC6341158 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of blue honeysuckle (BH) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatic damage in mice. The experiment used a total of 60 ICR mice, which were divided into six groups. Except for the intact control groups, all groups received a single intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 after a 7 day pre-treatment period with distilled water, BH extracts, or silymarin. Twenty-four hours after the CCl4 injection, the following observations, representative of classical oxidative stress-mediated centrolobular necrotic acute liver injuries, were observed: decreased body weight; small nodule formation and enlargement on the gross inspections with related liver weight increase; elevation of serum AST and ALT, increases in hepatic lipid peroxidation and related depletion of endogenous antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes; centrolobular necrosis; increases in apoptotic markers, lipid peroxidation markers, and oxidative stress markers. However, liver damage was significantly inhibited by the pre-treatment with BH extracts. The present study demonstrated that oral administration of BH extracts prior to exposure to CCl4 conferred favorable hepatoprotective effects. These results demonstrated that BHe possessed suitable properties for use as a potent hepatoprotective medicinal food.
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Affiliation(s)
- You‐Suk Lee
- Department of Food and NutritionCollege of BioNano TechnologyGachon UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Il Je Cho
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal FormulationDepartment of Herbal FormulationCollege of Oriental MedicineDaegu Haany UniversityGyeongsan‐siGyeongdanuk‐doKorea
| | | | - Min‐Ki Lee
- Department of Physical EducationKongju National UniversityKongju‐siChngcheongnam‐doKorea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and HistologyCollege of Korean MedicineDaegu Haany UniversityGyeongsan‐siGyeongdanuk‐doKorea
| | - Jae‐Suk Choi
- Division of BioindustryCollege of Medical and Life SciencesSilla UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Hae‐Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and NutritionCollege of BioNano TechnologyGachon UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
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14
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Naqiong W, Liansheng W, Zhanying H, Yuanlin G, Chenggang Z, Ying G, Qian D, Dongchen L, Yanjun Z, Jianjun L. A Multicenter and Randomized Controlled Trial of Bicyclol in the Treatment of Statin-Induced Liver Injury. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5760-5766. [PMID: 29200411 PMCID: PMC5728082 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bicyclol treatment in statin-induced liver injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 168 patients with liver injury caused by statins. Patients were randomized into two four-week treatment groups: bicyclol 25 mg three times daily or polyene phosphatidylcholine 456 mg three times daily as control. Serum biochemical indexes were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS Significant differences in alanine transaminase (ALT) levels among the three measurements before and after treatment in the two groups at different time points were observed (p<0.01). There was a significant difference (p<0.01) between two weeks and four weeks after treatment compared to the baseline period. There was a significant interaction (p=0.003) between the two groups and time factors. After two and four weeks of treatment, the ALT levels in the control group (68.20±26.31, 50.71±27.13 respectively) were higher compared to the ALT in the bicyclol group (49.33±21.39, 30.36±17.41 respectively) (p<0.01). After four weeks of treatment, the normalization rates of bicyclol and polyene phosphatidylcholine groups were 74.68% and 46.15%, respectively. The efficacy of bicyclol was significantly better than that of polyene phosphatidylcholine (p<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the bicyclol and polyene phosphatidylcholine groups were 2.53% and 2.56%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences observed between the two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that trends of ALT changes in the two groups were different, and the improvement of ALT was more obvious in the bicyclol group. Bicyclol is considered to be safe and effective in the treatment of statin-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Naqiong
- Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wang Liansheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Han Zhanying
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Guo Yuanlin
- Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Chenggang
- Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gao Ying
- Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dong Qian
- Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liu Dongchen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Yanjun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Li Jianjun
- Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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15
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Niu X, Liu F, Li W, Zhi W, Yao Q, Zhao J, Yang G, Wang X, Qin L, He Z. Hepatoprotective effect of fraxin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo through regulating hepatic antioxidant, inflammation response and the MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1091-1102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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16
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Wang L, Lu J, Sun W, Gu Y, Zhang C, Jin R, Li L, Zhang Z, Tian X. Hepatotoxicity induced by radix Sophorae tonkinensis in mice and increased serum cholinesterase as a potential supplemental biomarker for liver injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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