1
|
Zhu T, Jin HP, Liu SS, Zhu HJ, Wang JW. Effects of extracorporeal diaphragm pacing combined with inspiratory muscle training on respiratory function in people with stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Neurol Res 2024; 46:727-734. [PMID: 38661091 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2347133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of external diaphragmatic pacing (EDP) combined with inspiratory muscle training on respiratory function in post-stroke patients. METHODS Patients with stroke were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University in China between 2021 and 2022. The patients were randomized into an EDP treatment group (control group) or an EDP treatment plus inspiratory muscle training group (experimental group). Each therapy was administered once a day for 6 days per week. The peak inspiratory flow (PIF), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC% ratio, and diaphragm thickness and mobility were measured and compared between the two groups after 4 weeks. RESULTS After 4 weeks of intervention, respiratory muscle function indicators including PIF (95% CI: 0.21-1.28, p = 0.008) and MIP (95% CI: 6.92-25.44, p = 0.001) significantly improved in the experimental group. Diaphragmatic thickness also significantly increased in the experimental group (p < 0.05), while diaphragmatic excursion showed no significant difference between the two groups. Additionally, FVC (95% CI: 0.14-1.14, p = 0.013) and FEV1 (95% CI: 0.20-1.06, p = 0.005) demonstrated a significant increase in the experimental group, whereas FEV1/FVC% (95% CI: -0.84 to 9.36, p = 0.099) exhibited no significant group difference. CONCLUSION EDP combined with inspiratory muscle training in individuals with stroke provides greater benefits than EDP alone in terms of respiratory function recovery, except for the parameters of diaphragmatic excursion and FEV1/FVC%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua-Ping Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha-Sha Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Jun Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim BS, Kim H, Kim JY. Effects of a choral program combining wind instrument performance and breathing training on respiratory function, stress, and quality of life in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0276568. [PMID: 38713736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choral activities are correlated with various health and wellbeing parameters. However, an intervention combining a music program using wind instruments and choral activities has not yet been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of a 12-week intervention combining a wind instrument performance program and a choral program on stress factors, quality of life, and respiratory function in adolescents located in a metropolitan city with exposure to air pollution. METHOD This randomized controlled trial consisted of 50 adolescents, and the subjects were randomly assigned to a combination wind instrument and choral training group, a choral training group, and a control group. Following a 12-week intervention program, respiratory function, stress factors, and quality of life were compared between the three groups. RESULTS Regarding respiratory function, with the exception of maximal inspiratory pressure, all measured variables exhibited an interaction to indicate a variation in the pattern of change(p<0.05). Furthermore, regarding stress factors and quality of life, all measured variables exhibited an interaction to indicate a variation in the pattern of change(p<0.05). As a result of the post-hoc analysis, significant differences were found in all variables in experimental group 1 compared to other groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results showed that the 12-week intervention combining a wind instrument performance program and a choral program had positive effects in improving the respiratory function, stress factors, and quality of life in adolescents. This study findings are expected to support future studies aimed at promoting overall health including respiratory function and psychological factors through various music-based programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Soo Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji Youn Kim
- Department of Fusion in Performing Art, College of Design Art, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim BS, Kim JY, Park SH, Lee MM. Effects of a Senior Musical Program on the Physical Function and Cognitive Abilities of Older Women in the Community. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081174. [PMID: 37108008 PMCID: PMC10137982 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the effects of a community-based senior musical program on the cognitive and physical functions in older women. METHOD Older women aged ≥65 years participating in a program at a community welfare center were randomized to experimental (n = 17) or control (n = 17) groups. The control group participated in singing and yoga classes offered at the welfare center, while the experimental group participated in a senior musical program consisting of vocal training, dancing, and breathing training. The effects of the 12-week program (120 min/session, two sessions/week) and the intergroup differences in outcomes were compared using the cognitive impairment screening test (CIST), pulmonary function test (PFT), respiratory muscle pressure test (RPT), and static and dynamic balance tests. RESULT The experimental group showed significant post-intervention changes in CIST scores, cardiorespiratory parameters, and static and dynamic balance (p < 0.05), but the control group only showed significant changes in some respiratory and balance parameters (p < 0.05). In comparison with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly greater post-intervention changes in the CIST score, PFT and RPT parameters, static balance, and Y-balance anterior (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The senior musical program enhanced older women's cognitive, respiratory, and physical functions and promoted a sense of accomplishment and self-satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Soo Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Department of Performing Arts Contents, Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Ho Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Mo Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang L, Chen SC, Lin PY, Lin HP, Liao LL, Chao HC, Chen MC, Chen MC, Tsao YY. A Pilot Study to Explore the Improvements in Pulmonary and Cognitive Functions With a Kazoo Intervention Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in a Rural Community. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2023; 9:23337214231212268. [PMID: 38026090 PMCID: PMC10647995 DOI: 10.1177/23337214231212268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a leading cause of disability and dependence in older adults worldwide. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the effect of using a kazoo instrument to improve pulmonary function and cognitive reserve in middle-aged and older adults in rural areas. This quasi-experimental study was conducted at two community care stations selected using cluster sampling from a rural district in southern Taiwan. We enrolled 85 middle-aged and older adults who were randomly assigned into self-learner and in-class groups. Both groups received a 6-month kazoo program. Cognitive and pulmonary function were compared before and after the intervention between the two groups. Significantly improved pulmonary function with regards to forced vital capacity (p < .05) was found in the self-learner group, and significantly improved maximum expiratory flow 75% (p < .001) was found in both groups. Mini-Mental State Examination scores significantly improved in the self-learner group (p < .01), but there was no significant change in the in-class group. Our results suggest that community care stations could consider implementing wind instrument programs such as a kazoo to enhance pulmonary function and cognitive reserve in middle-aged and older adults residing in rural areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luna Chang
- National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan. R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chuan Chen
- National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan. R.O.C
| | - Po-Yu Lin
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan. R.O.C
| | - Hsiu-Pi Lin
- Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan. R.O.C
| | - Li-Ling Liao
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. R.O.C
| | - Hui-Chen Chao
- National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan. R.O.C
| | - Mei-Chun Chen
- National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan. R.O.C
| | - Mei-Chun Chen
- National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan. R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ying Tsao
- National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan. R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
DIETARY INFLAMMATORY INDEX IS ASSOCIATED WITH LUNG FUNCTION IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS. Nutrition 2022; 99-100:111653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
6
|
Pang W, Yang F, Zhao Y, Dai E, Feng J, Huang Y, Guo Y, Zhou S, Huang M, Zheng W, Ma J, Li H, Li Q, Hou L, Zhang S, Wang H, Liu Q, Zhang B, Zhang J. Qingjin Yiqi granules for post-COVID-19 condition: A randomized clinical trial. J Evid Based Med 2022; 15:30-38. [PMID: 35416437 PMCID: PMC9114922 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Qingjin Yiqi granules (QJYQ) on post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). METHOD Patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to two groups, the QJYQ group received QJYQ combined with standard rehabilitation treatments (SRTs) and the control group only received SRTs. The treatment course was 14 days. The primary outcomes were modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale and Borg scale, while the secondary outcomes included symptoms score and 6-minute walking distance (6MWD). The safety outcome was the incidence of adverse events. RESULTS A total of 388 patients with PCC were enrolled and randomly assigned to the QJYQ group (n = 194) and the control group (n = 194). Compared to the controls, the mMRC scale was improved in the QJYQ group, which was better than that of the control group [β (95%CI): -0.626 (-1.101, -0.151), p = 0.010]. A significant improvement in Borg scale was also observed in the QJYQ group compared to the control group [β (95%CI): -0.395(-0.744, -0.046), p = 0.026]. There was no statistically significant difference in symptoms score and 6MWD between the two groups (p = 0.293, p = 0.724). No treatment-related adverse events were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS QJYQ can bring benefits to patients with PCC, mainly in the improvement of breathlessness and fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentai Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Evidence‐Based Medicine CenterTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Fengwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Evidence‐Based Medicine CenterTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yubin Zhao
- Shijiazhuang People's HospitalShijiazhuangChina
| | - Erhei Dai
- Shijiazhuang Fifth HospitalShijiazhuangChina
| | - Jihong Feng
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yongming Guo
- College of Acupuncture‐moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Shengyuan Zhou
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Wenke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Evidence‐Based Medicine CenterTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Jiang Ma
- Shijiazhuang People's HospitalShijiazhuangChina
| | - Hong Li
- Shijiazhuang People's HospitalShijiazhuangChina
| | - Qing Li
- Shijiazhuang People's HospitalShijiazhuangChina
| | - Lijuan Hou
- Shijiazhuang People's HospitalShijiazhuangChina
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Evidence‐Based Medicine CenterTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Boli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Evidence‐Based Medicine CenterTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Junhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Evidence‐Based Medicine CenterTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Effects of music on the cardiovascular system. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021; 32:390-398. [PMID: 34237410 PMCID: PMC8727633 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although music is predominantly utilized for religious, enjoyment or entertainment purposes, it is gradually emerging as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for improving health outcomes in both healthy and diseased populations, especially in those with cardiovascular diseases. As such, music of various genres and types has been postulated to possess features that stimulate or inhibit the autonomic nervous system, which leads to variable effects on cardiovascular function. However, music intervention has not been adequately explored as a cardiovascular therapeutic modality due to the lack of extensive studies with quality methodology. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to explore the available literature on the effect of music on the cardiovascular system, discuss the limitations of current research, and suggest future directions in this field.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lv W, Wang X, Liu J, Yu P. Eight-Section Brocade Exercises Improve the Sleep Quality and Memory Consolidation and Cardiopulmonary Function of Older Adults With Atrial Fibrillation-Associated Stroke. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2348. [PMID: 31695645 PMCID: PMC6818461 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Poor sleep quality is harmful for everyone and potentially even more harmful for older adults with atrial fibrillation-associated stroke (AFAS). This study aims to explore the effects of eight-section brocade (ESB) on sleep quality, memory, and cardiopulmonary function in the older adults with AFAS. Methods: Older adults with AFAS and sleep disorders were recruited and divided into the ESB (EG, n = 85) and control groups (CG, general exercise, n = 85). EG patients received 60 min ESB exercises 5 times a week for 12 weeks; CG patients received normal exercise. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scores (poor sleepers ≥8 and normal sleepers < 8), memory for word pairs (poor memory ≤ 7 and normal memory > 7), left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) thickness, and maximum ventilation (MV, to evaluate cardiopulmonary function) values were measured. The correlation between sleep and memory quality was analyzed using PSQI scores and word pairs via the Pearson correlation coefficients test. Adjusted Cox models were used to explore an interaction between PSQI and ESB exercise. Results: After 12-week exercise intervention, ESB improved sleep quality, latency, duration, disturbance and daytime dysfunction when compared to conventional exercise. In similar cases, the MV values in the EG were also higher than that in the CG (p = 0.009). ESB intervention could not affect the cardiac structure and left ventricular ejection fraction. Compared with the CG, the ESB intervention reduced PSQI scores and increased memorized word pairs (p < 0.001 for poor and normal sleepers in both unadjusted and adjusted analysis, p = 0.012 and 0.003 for poor and normal memory). The test of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that PSQI scores were strongly associated with the number of word pairs in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Eight-section brocade exercise improved sleep quality and memory consolidation and cardiopulmonary function by reducing PSQI scores, increasing word pairs and MV values in the older adults with AFAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lv
- Department of Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Studer L, Schumann DM, Stalder-Siebeneichler A, Tamm M, Stolz D. Does trumpet playing affect lung function?-A case-control study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215781. [PMID: 31048898 PMCID: PMC6497376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The effect a wind instrument has on lung function is a much-discussed topic with inconclusive data, not least because existing studies combine all wind instruments as one entity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of playing a trumpet/cornet/flugelhorn on lung function. Methods A prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional, case-control study. Participants were recruited from wind orchestra or brass bands throughout Switzerland. Inclusion criteria: aged 16 or older, reporting at least one year of playing a trumpet/cornet/flugelhorn. Controls were members of an orchestra, who had never played a wind instrument. The primary end-point of the study was the difference in FEV1%predicted between trumpet/cornet/flugelhorn players and controls. Results 147 subjects were included in the study. Controls (n = 48) were significantly younger, more commonly male, current smokers and had a lower body mass index compared to trumpet/cornet/flugelhorn players (n = 99). There was no significant difference in FEV1%predicted (91.9% vs 94.2%; p = 0.316) or FVC %predicted (89.4% vs 92.6%; p = 0.125) between controls and trumpet/cornet/flugelhorn players, respectively, in crude and adjusted analyses. However, there was a significant negative association between the number of years playing a trumpet/cornet/flugelhorn and FVC %predicted after adjusting for smoking status, gender, and height. Trumpet/cornet/flugelhorn players had a similar amount of respiratory symptoms to controls (questionnaire score 3.2±3.2 vs 2.8±2.4, p = 0.717). Conclusion Lung function in trumpet/cornet/flugelhorn players was similar to controls. However, the number of years playing a trumpet/cornet/flugelhorn seems to have an adverse effect on forced vital capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Studer
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Desiree M. Schumann
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Tamm
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baek JY, Kim JH, Kim CM. Influence of ocarina practices on lung function of healthy middle-aged females in Korea. J Phys Ther Sci 2019; 31:138-140. [PMID: 30858652 PMCID: PMC6382489 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.31.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The objective of this study is to identify the influence of ocarina practices on the lung function of a group of healthy female ocarina players aged 40 and above in comparison to an age-matched group of females with no experience with ocarina playing. [Participants and Methods] Spirometry measurement has been conducted on both groups of 35 healthy females aged 40 and above, one with regular participation in ocarina practices (experimental group) and the other without (control group). [Results] FEV1 and FEV1/FVC values of those in the experiment group who practiced ocarina on a regular basis turned out to be significantly higher than the control group, and there was no significant difference on FVC. [Conclusion] This study indicates that ocarina practices on a regular basis helps middle-aged females improve their lung functions particularly in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yun Baek
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Daegu
Catholic University, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hwi Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Daegu Catholic University:
13-13 Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Myeong Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Science,
Catholic University of Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|