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Shi X, Qu M, Jiang Y, Zhu Z, Dai C, Jiang M, Ding L, Yan Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Cheng S, Hao X. Association of immune cell composition with the risk factors and incidence of acute coronary syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:115. [PMID: 37461090 PMCID: PMC10353119 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immune cells are involved in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), few studies have explored the association of incident ACS with the relative immune cell proportions. We aimed to investigate the association of immune cell proportions with the incidence and risk factors of ACS in the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort. METHODS We conducted the analyses with 38,295 subjects from the first follow-up of the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, including DNA methylation profiles for 1570 individuals. The proportions of immune cell types were observed from routine blood tests or estimated from DNA methylation profiles. For both observed and estimated immune cell proportions, we tested their associations with risk factors of ACS by multivariable linear regression models. In addition, the association of each immune cell proportion with incident ACS was assessed by the Cox regression model and conditional logistic regression model, respectively, adjusting for the risk factors of ACS. FINDINGS The proportions of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils showed strong associations with sex, followed by diabetes. Moreover, sex and current smoking were the two factors with strongest association with the proportions of lymphocyte subtypes. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of incident ACS per standard deviation (SD) increase in proportions of lymphocytes and neutrophils were 0.91 (0.85-0.96) and 1.10 (1.03-1.16), respectively. Furthermore, the OR (95% CI) of incident ACS per SD increase in proportions of NK cells, CD4+ T cells, and B cells were 0.88 (0.78-0.99), 1.15 (1.03-1.30), and 1.13 (1.00-1.26), respectively. INTERPRETATION The proportions of immune cells were associated with several risk factors of ACS, including sex, diabetes, and current smoking. In addition, proportion of neutrophils had a risk effect, while proportion of lymphocytes had a protective effect on the incidence of ACS. The protective effect of lymphocytes was probably driven by NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghan Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwei Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengguqiu Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghui Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xingjie Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Tang L, Wang H, Cao K, Xu C, Ma A, Zheng M, Xu Y, Zhang M. Dysfunction of circulating CD3 +CD56 + NKT-like cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:652-662. [PMID: 37082729 PMCID: PMC10110473 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.83317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased incidence and mortality of many cancers and infectious diseases. CD3+CD56+ NKT-like cells play pivotal roles in tumor surveillance and infection control. However, little is known about potential alterations in circulating NKT-like cells in T2DM patients. In this study, we found that the frequency and absolute counts of circulating NKT-like cells were significantly lower in patients with T2DM compared to healthy volunteers. Moreover, in T2DM patients, NKT-like cells were impaired in their production of IFN-γ and TNF-α as well as degranulation capacity. The expression of activating receptor NKG2D was markedly decreased on NKT-like cells in T2DM patients, while the expression of inhibitory receptors Tim-3 and LAG-3 was upregulated. In detail, Tim-3+NKT-like cells expressed higher LAG-3 and less IFN-γ and TNF-α compared to Tim-3-NKT-like cells. Importantly, we further found that the expression of Tim-3 in NKT-like cells from T2DM patients correlated positively with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, as well as with diabetes duration. In conclusion, these results indicate that NKT-like cells from T2DM patients display an exhausted phenotype and reduced functionality. Moreover, Tim-3 expression on NKT-like cells likely serves a novel biomarker for duration of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuanhong Xu
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Yuanhong Xu; e-mail: ; Min Zhang; e-mail:
| | - Min Zhang
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Yuanhong Xu; e-mail: ; Min Zhang; e-mail:
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3
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Liu Y, Lv Y, Zhang T, Huang T, Lang Y, Sheng Q, Liu Y, Kong Z, Gao Y, Lu S, Yang M, Luan Y, Wang X, Lv Z. T cells and their products in diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1084448. [PMID: 36776877 PMCID: PMC9909022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and has gradually become a public health problem worldwide. DKD is increasingly recognized as a comprehensive inflammatory disease that is largely regulated by T cells. Given the pivotal role of T cells and T cells-producing cytokines in DKD, we summarized recent advances concerning T cells in the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy and provided a novel perspective of immune-related factors in diabetes. Specific emphasis is placed on the classification of T cells, process of T cell recruitment, function of T cells in the development of diabetic kidney damage, and potential treatments and therapeutic strategies involving T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaodong Lv
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Shandong University, Yantai, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yating Lang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghao Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingxiao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhijuan Kong
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shangwei Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meilin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaqi Luan
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xining Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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4
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Kovoor E, Chauhan SK, Hajrasouliha A. Role of inflammatory cells in pathophysiology and management of diabetic retinopathy. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:1563-1573. [PMID: 35914582 PMCID: PMC11082823 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Several inflammatory cells and proteins, including macrophages and microglia, cytokines, and vascular endothelial growth factors, are found to play a significant role in the development and progression of DR. Inflammatory cells play a significant role in the earliest changes seen in DR including the breakdown of the blood retinal barrier leading to leakage of blood into the retina. They also have an important role in the pathogenesis of more advanced stage of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, leading to neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachment. In this review, we examine the function of numerous inflammatory cells involved in the pathogenesis, progression, and role as a potential therapeutic target in DR. Additionally, we explore the role of inflammation following treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kovoor
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir Hajrasouliha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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5
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Al Qurabiy HE, Abbas IM, Hammadi ATA, Mohsen FK, Salman RI, Dilfy SH. Urinary tract infection in patients with diabetes mellitus and the role of parental genetics in the emergence of the disease. J Med Life 2022; 15:955-962. [PMID: 36188660 PMCID: PMC9514823 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the role of paternal genetics in the development of diabetic mellitus (DM) and determine the impact of DM on the urinary system by investigating the percentage of patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). The study included 100 people with DM; their ages ranged from 5 to 83 years. The DM and blood sugar levels were diagnosed clinically and at a laboratory in Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital and the outpatient clinics. The age, gender, and causes of DM and the family history of diabetes were reported. Isolation and identification of bacterial species were made depending on culture media and biochemical tests. The average age of patients was 47.7±5.5, and most of them were female (67%). The incidence of DM increased with age, and the main cause of DM was likely to be a genetic predisposition (family history), where 32% of patients appeared to have a positive family history and the presence of DM in both parents or only the mother had a significant role in increasing the genetic predisposition of developing DM. Among the non-genetic causes of DM, the most common was exposure to sudden psychological or nervous shock (41%). Obesity also had an important role in the development of diabetes, and also pregnancy and smoking. Moreover, 66% of patients with type 2 DM and all with type 1 DM suffered from UTIs. The main causative agents were E. coli (60%) and Proteus spp. (13%). The majority of patients suffering from UTIs (73%) were females. In conclusion, type 2 DM is the most common, especially in females, and increases with age. The main cause of DM was family genetic predisposition and sudden shocks. The current study also showed that most diabetic patients suffered from UTIs, especially females, and the main causes of UTI inflammation are E. coli isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ihab Majeed Abbas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Kut University College, Al-Kut, Iraq
| | | | - Farah Kadhim Mohsen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Kut University College, Al-Kut, Iraq
| | - Rasha Ibrahim Salman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Kut University College, Al-Kut, Iraq
| | - Saja Hussain Dilfy
- Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science, Wasit University, Al-Kut, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Saja Hussain Dilfy, Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science, Wasit University, Al-Kut, Iraq. E-mail:
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6
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Wang H, Cao K, Liu S, Xu Y, Tang L. Tim-3 Expression Causes NK Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852436. [PMID: 35464400 PMCID: PMC9018664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by high blood glucose levels and chronic low-grade inflammation. It shows a strong association with obesity and immune dysfunction, which makes T2DM patients more susceptible to infectious diseases. NK cells play an important role in pathogen control and tumor surveillance. However, whether NK cell distribution and functional status are altered in T2DM is unclear. To address this issue, we compared surface receptor expression and cytokine production between peripheral blood NK cells from 90 T2DM patients and 62 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We found a significantly lower frequency and absolute number of NK cells in patients than in controls. Interestingly, the expression of inhibitory receptor Tim-3 was significantly increased, while the expression of the activating receptor NKG2D was significantly decreased, in T2DM NK cells. Both TNF-α secretion and degranulation capacity (evidenced by CD107a expression) were dampened in NK cells from patients. The expression of Tim-3 on NK cells correlated positively with both HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels and negatively with the percentage and absolute number of total NK cells and was associated with increased NK cell apoptosis. In addition, Tim-3 expression on NK cells negatively correlated with TNF-α production, which could be restored by blocking Galectin-9/Tim-3 pathway. Our results suggest that NK cell dysfunction secondary to augmented Tim-3 expression occurs in T2DM patients, which may partly explain their increased susceptibility to cancer and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kangli Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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7
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Luo D, Liu D, Rao C, Shi S, Zeng X, Liu S, Jiang H, Liu L, Zhang Z, Lu X. Raised SPINK1 levels play a role in angiogenesis and the transendothelial migration of ALL cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2999. [PMID: 35194087 PMCID: PMC8864021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess whether raised Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) expressions modulates angiogenesis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to SPINK1 were noted to exhibit raised expressions of interleukin-8 (IL-8) as well as VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 cell adhesion molecules in a dose-dependent manner. In co-culture system of HUVECs and Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, SPINK1 exposure also resulted in enhanced endothelial cell motility and ALL cells trans-endothelial migration. High concentrations of SPINK1 caused in vitro cellular reorganization into tubes in Matrigel-cultured HUVECs and induced in vivo vascularization and brain infiltration of NOD/SCID ALL model mice. The further transcriptomic analysis indicated that SPINK1 treatment altered several biological processes of endothelial cells and led to activation of the MAPK pathway. This study is the first to determine the neovascularization effects of raised SPINK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Luo
- Medical Laboratory, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongqiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunbao Rao
- Medical Laboratory, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomei Zeng
- Medical Laboratory, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lishi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenhong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Medical Laboratory, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China. .,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Cheng F, Liu J, Guo Z, Li S, Chen J, Tu C, Fu F, Shen B, Zhang X, Lai G, Lan J. Angiotensin-(1-7) ameliorates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial injury through suppressing chloride channel 3. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4100-4111. [PMID: 35098884 PMCID: PMC8973701 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1997695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is leading cause of deaths in DM patients. However, there are limited effective medical therapies for diabetic CVD. Vascular endothelial injury caused by DM is a critical risk factor for diabetic CVD. Previous study has indicated that Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) may prevent diabetic CVD, whereas it is not clear that Ang-(1-7) whether attenuates diabetic CVD through suppressing vascular endothelial injury. In this study, we found that Ang-(1-7) alleviated high glucose (HG)-induced endothelial injury in bEnd3 cells. Moreover, Ang-(1-7) ameliorated HG-induced endothelial injury through downregulating chloride channel 3 (CIC-3) via Mas receptor. Furthermore, HG-induced CIC-3 enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokine production and reduced the level of nitric oxide (NO), while Ang-(1-7) preserved the impact of HG-induced CIC-3 on productions of ROS, cytokine and NO through inhibiting CIC-3 via Mas receptor. Summarily, the present study revealed that Ang-(1-7) alleviated HG-induced vascular endothelial injury through the inhibition of CIC-3, suggested that Ang-(1-7) may preserve diabetic CVD through suppressing HG-induced vascular endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- Second Ward of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Songshan Lake Center Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China.,Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Second Ward of General Pediatrics, Dongguan Eighth People's Hospital, Dongguan Children's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523321, China
| | - Zhuolin Guo
- Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Shicheng Li
- Second Ward of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Songshan Lake Center Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Jingfu Chen
- Second Ward of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Songshan Lake Center Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Chang Tu
- Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Fengzhou Fu
- Second Ward of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Songshan Lake Center Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Bai Shen
- Second Ward of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Songshan Lake Center Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Second Ward of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Songshan Lake Center Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Guohua Lai
- Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Jun Lan
- Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
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Zhang P, Yang CL, Du T, Liu YD, Ge MR, Li H, Liu RT, Wang CC, Dou YC, Duan RS. Diabetes mellitus exacerbates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis via modulating both adaptive and innate immunity. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:244. [PMID: 34702288 PMCID: PMC8549151 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common concomitant disease of late-onset myasthenia gravis (MG). However, the impacts of DM on the progression of late-onset MG were unclear. METHODS In this study, we examined the immune response in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rats with DM or not. The phenotype and function of the spleen and lymph nodes were determined by flow cytometry. The serum antibodies, Tfh cells, and germinal center B cells were determined by ELISA and flow cytometry. The roles of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in regulating Tfh cells were further explored in vitro by co-culture assays. RESULTS Our results indicated clinical scores of EAMG rats were worse in diabetes rats compared to control, which was due to the increased production of anti-R97-116 antibody and antibody-secreting cells. Furthermore, diabetes induced a significant upregulation of Tfh cells and the subtypes of Tfh1 and Tfh17 cells to provide assistance for antibody production. The total percentages of B cells were increased with an activated statue of improved expression of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. We found CD4+ T-cell differentiation was shifted from Treg cells towards Th1/Th17 in the DM+EAMG group compared to the EAMG group. In addition, in innate immunity, diabetic EAMG rats displayed more CXCR5 expression on NK cells. However, the expression of CXCR5 on NKT cells was down-regulated with the increased percentages of NKT cells in the DM+EAMG group. Ex vivo studies further indicated that Tfh cells were upregulated by AGEs instead of hyperglycemia. The upregulation was mediated by the existence of B cells, the mechanism of which might be attributed the elevated molecule CD40 on B cells. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes promoted both adaptive and innate immunity and exacerbated clinical symptoms in EAMG rats. Considering the effect of diabetes, therapy in reducing blood glucose levels in MG patients might improve clinical efficacy through suppressing the both innate and adaptive immune responses. Additional studies are needed to confirm the effect of glucose or AGEs reduction to seek treatment for MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Du
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Ru Ge
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Cong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Chun Dou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Sheng Duan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Hammad R, Elmadbouly AA, Ahmad IH, Mohammed SA, Farouk N, Futooh Z, Alfy MO, Abozaid S, Mohamed EF, Kotb FM, Abdelbadea A, Seliem N, Elshafei A, Mashaal A. T-Natural Killers and Interferon Gamma/Interleukin 4 in Augmentation of Infection in Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1897-1908. [PMID: 33958881 PMCID: PMC8093190 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s305511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between immune system and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathogenesis attracted attention to demonstrate the role of immune cells and their secreted cytokines in T2DM development and its subsequent foot complications. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between T Natural killer cell (TNK) %, Interleukin 4 (IL4) and Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and diabetic foot infection (DFI) development in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety patients with diabetes were included in this work, divided as T2DM group (n=30), DFU group (n=30), and DFI group (n=30). TNK% was detected using flow cytometry. Serum IL4 and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. Diabetes biochemical parameters were also analyzed. RESULTS Significant decrease was detected in TNK% and IFN-γ in DFI group compared to other 2 groups (P<0.001). Significant decrease was detected in serum levels of IL4 in DFI group compared to T2DM group (P=0.006). IFN-γ/IL4 was significantly decreased in DFI compared to DFU group (P=0.020). There was a significant correlation of TNK% with both IL4 and IFN-γ (r=0.385, P<0.001; r=0.534, P<0.001, respectively). Significant negative correlation of TNK% with HbA1c and LDL was revealed (r=-0.631, P<0.001; and r=-0.261, P=0.013, respectively), while a positive correlation was seen with HDL (r=0.287, P=0.006). A significant negative correlation of IL4 with HbA1c was found (r=-0.514, P<0.001;. As for IFN-γ, a significant negative correlation with HbA1c and LDL was detected (r=-0.369, P< 0.001; r=-0.229, P=0.030). TNK % and IFN-γ level showed negative correlations with disease duration/year (r=-0.546, P< 0.001; r=-0.338, P=0.001,respectively). CONCLUSION Decline in TNK frequency has essential role in T2DM pathogenesis and subsequent foot complications. Downregulation of TNK% and IFN-γ level have potential roles in predicting infection of diabetic ulcer and are correlated with disease duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Hammad
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Elmadbouly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Correspondence: Asmaa A Elmadbouly Tel +20 1011504476 Email
| | - Inass Hassan Ahmad
- Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa A Mohammed
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Farouk
- Vascular Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zahraa Futooh
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Omar Alfy
- General Surgery Department, Al Zahraa University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah Abozaid
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman F Mohamed
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Kotb
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alzahra Abdelbadea
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nora Seliem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshafei
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alya Mashaal
- Immunology, Zoology & Entomology Department, Faculty of Science for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Mxinwa V, Dludla PV, Nyambuya TM, Mokgalaboni K, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Nkambule BB. Natural killer cell levels in adults living with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:51. [PMID: 32907543 PMCID: PMC7487809 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic immune activation and hyperglycaemia are a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) while natural killer (NK) cells are involved in the pathogenesis of T2D. Dysregulated NK cell responses are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients living with T2D. OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive and systematic evidence-based estimate on the levels of NK cells in patients living with T2D. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis included 13 studies reporting on 491 adult patients with T2D and 1064 nondiabetic controls. The pooled effect estimates showed increased levels of NK cells in adult patients with T2D compared to controls (MD: 0.03 [- 3.20, 3.26], I2 = 97%, p < 0.00001). CONCLUSION Overall, the evidence presented in this systematic review shows that the changes in NK cells in patients living with T2D are still unclear and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, 9000 Namibia
| | - Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
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12
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Daryabor G, Atashzar MR, Kabelitz D, Meri S, Kalantar K. The Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Organ Metabolism and the Immune System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1582. [PMID: 32793223 PMCID: PMC7387426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, or insulin resistance and obesity play key roles in the induction and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The field of immunometabolism implies a bidirectional link between the immune system and metabolism, in which inflammation plays an essential role in the promotion of metabolic abnormalities (e.g., obesity and T2DM), and metabolic factors, in turn, regulate immune cell functions. Obesity as the main inducer of a systemic low-level inflammation is a main susceptibility factor for T2DM. Obesity-related immune cell infiltration, inflammation, and increased oxidative stress promote metabolic impairments in the insulin-sensitive tissues and finally, insulin resistance, organ failure, and premature aging occur. Hyperglycemia and the subsequent inflammation are the main causes of micro- and macroangiopathies in the circulatory system. They also promote the gut microbiota dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and fatty liver disease. The impaired immune system together with metabolic imbalance also increases the susceptibility of patients to several pathogenic agents such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thus, the need for a proper immunization protocol among such patients is granted. The focus of the current review is to explore metabolic and immunological abnormalities affecting several organs of T2DM patients and explain the mechanisms, whereby diabetic patients become more susceptible to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Daryabor
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Atashzar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and the Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), The University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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