Correlation study on the relationship between dyslipidemia and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with diabetes mellitus

Effects of comprehensive exercise training on frailty, negative emotions and physical functions of elderly patients with diabetes

Objective

To evaluate the effects of comprehensive exercise training on frailty, negative emotions and physical functions of elderly patients with diabetes.

Methods

This is a retrospective study. A total of 140 elderly patients with T2DM in The No.2 Hospital of Baoding were selected from December, 2021 to June, 2023 and randomly divided into two groups, with 70 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing and routine exercise education, and the study group was additionally given comprehensive exercise training. Tilburg frailty indicator (TFI), emotional status, physical functions, grip strength, fasting blood glucose and patient satisfaction were compared and analyzed between the two groups.

Results

Before the intervention, TFI showed no significant differences between the two groups (p>0.05). After the intervention, physical, psychological and social frailty in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (p= 0.00). SAS and SDS scores reduced significantly in the study group compared with those in the control group after the intervention, with statistically significant differences (p=0.00). After the intervention, the grip strength was significantly larger while the fasting blood glucose was significantly lower in the study group compared with those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (p=0.00). Patient satisfaction in the study group was higher than in the control group, with a statistically significant difference(p=0.03).

Conclusion

Comprehensive exercise training for elderly patients with diabetes is beneficial to improving their frail state, negative emotions, blood glucose levels and physical functions. It has significant clinical application value.

Association of carotid intima-media thickness and dyslipidaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) often present with comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, obesity and hyperglycaemia, which increases their risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-related mortality. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a biomarker for subclinical atherosclerosis, has been associated with overall CVD, especially in type 2 DM (T2DM). Hence, this protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis aims to review existing literature on the association of CIMT and dyslipidaemia in patients with T2DM.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS

The proposed systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted according to an updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols guideline. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed studies on Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Sciences databases will be conducted up to 30 June 2023. A meta-analysis of data extracted from selected studies will be performed to explore the association between dyslipidaemia and CIMT in patients with diabetes. The effect estimates will be reported as standardised mean differences/Cohen's d and 95% CIs. A random effect model will be used in case of high heterogeneity whereas fixed-effect model will be used in the absence of heterogeneity. All statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS V.29.0 software. In cases of high heterogeneity, subgroup analysis will be performed based on study design, countries of publication and body mass index to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias will be assessed graphically via funnel plots and statistically using Egger's regression test. Sensitivity analysis will also be performed to evaluate the stability of the overall effect size and the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation will be used to grade the quality of analysed evidence.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION

As the proposed study will use secondary published data, approval will not be sought from the ethics committee.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER

CRD42023451731.

Lipid Profile in Children Born Small for Gestational Age

BACKGROUND

Lipid disorders are one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to estimate the lipid profile in early childhood in the population of Polish children born small for gestational age (SGA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study included 140 patients (93 SGA children and 47 controls) aged 5 to 11 years. All the subjects underwent a physical examination and blood laboratory tests for the glucose and lipid profiles. The SGA group was divided into subgroups, i.e., symmetrical and asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

RESULTS

Blood sample analysis revealed higher levels of total cholesterol (SGA group 190.61 ± 24.66 mg/dL vs. controls 143.23 ± 23.90; p < 0.001). The analysis of particular cholesterol fractions showed significantly higher mean values of triglycerides and LDL cholesterol as well as lower mean values of HDL cholesterol in SGA children. Children in both groups did not differ significantly in terms of weight or body mass index. A statistically significantly higher glucose concentration was observed in SGA patients with the symmetrical type of IUGR. Analyzing the differences regarding metabolic factors, we obtained a statistically significant difference only in fasting glucose concentration (asymmetrical IUGR = 90.56 ± 10.21 vs. symmetrical IUGR = 98.95 ± 14.79; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Children born SGA, even those not suffering from overweight or obesity in their early childhood, have an abnormal lipid profile, which may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.

Prevalence and influencing factors of abnormal carotid artery intima-media thickness in Henan Province in China

Background

Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been shown to be a valuable predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the influencing factors of CIMT among adults in Central China.

Methods

A total of 2,578 participants who underwent physical examination in Henan Provincial People's Hospital between January 2018 and July 2018 were enrolled. The respondents were divided into two subgroups according to their CIMT value (CIMT ≥1.0 mm group and CIMT <1.0 mm group). Variables considered were age, gender, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and uric acid levels, as well as hypertension, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, and visceral fat area (VFA). Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the potential factors influencing CIMT.

Results

The proportion of CIMT ≥1.0 mm among the physical examination population was 27.42% (707/2 578). The analysis of the two groups revealed significant differences in age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. In the logistic regression analysis, age (OR=1.071, 95%CI=1.062-1.080), male sex (OR=2.012, 95%CI=1.251-2.238), hypertension (OR=1.337, 95%CI=1.031-1.735), diabetes (OR=1.535, 95%CI=1.045-2.255), HDL cholesterol (OR=0.540, 95%CI=0.366-0.796), and LDL cholesterol (OR=1.336, 95%CI=1.154-1.544) were significantly associated with abnormal CIMT.

Conclusion

Early screening should be carried out among men, the older adults, and those with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.