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Gonzalez-Rubio J, Le-Trilling VTK, Baumann L, Cheremkhina M, Kubiza H, Luengen AE, Reuter S, Taube C, Ruetten S, Duarte Campos D, Cornelissen CG, Trilling M, Thiebes AL. SARS-CoV-2 particles promote airway epithelial differentiation and ciliation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1268782. [PMID: 38026867 PMCID: PMC10654538 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1268782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, enters the human body via the epithelial cells of the airway tract. To trap and eject pathogens, the airway epithelium is composed of ciliated and secretory cells that produce mucus which is expelled through a process called mucociliary clearance. Methods: This study examines the early stages of contact between SARS-CoV-2 particles and the respiratory epithelium, utilizing 3D airway tri-culture models exposed to ultraviolet light-irradiated virus particles. These cultures are composed of human endothelial cells and human tracheal mesenchymal cells in a fibrin hydrogel matrix covered by mucociliated human tracheal epithelial cells. Results: We found that SARS-CoV-2 particles trigger a significant increase in ciliation on the epithelial surface instructed through a differentiation of club cells and basal stem cells. The contact with SARS-CoV-2 particles also provoked a loss of cell-cell tight junctions and impaired the barrier integrity. Further immunofluorescence analyses revealed an increase in FOXJ1 expression and PAK1/2 phosphorylation associated with particle-induced ciliation. Discussion: An understanding of epithelial responses to virus particles may be instrumental to prevent or treat respiratory infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gonzalez-Rubio
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Lea Baumann
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Cheremkhina
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Kubiza
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja E. Luengen
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen—Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen—Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen—Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Ruetten
- Institute of Pathology, Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Duarte Campos
- Bioprinting and Tissue Engineering Group, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian G. Cornelissen
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Clinic for Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine (Medical Clinic V), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Lena Thiebes
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Nishimura N, Yokota M, Kurihara S, Iwata A, Kageyama T, Ito T, Saku A, Maezawa Y, Hirose K, Nakajima H. Airway epithelial STAT3 inhibits allergic inflammation via upregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. Allergol Int 2022; 71:520-527. [PMID: 35660131 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway epithelial cells (AECs) play a crucial role in the induction and development of allergic inflammation through the development and activation of immune cells, including Th2 cells and ILC2s. Recent studies have revealed that STAT3 expressed in epithelial cells protects against pathogens and maintains homeostasis in the intestine. However, the roles of STAT3 in airway epithelium are poorly understood. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the roles of airway epithelial STAT3 in allergic airway inflammation. METHODS Allergic airway inflammation was induced by intratracheal administration of house dust mite (HDM) extract in doxycycline-induced AEC-specific STAT3-deficient (STAT3-cKO) mice and their genetic control (STAT3-WT) mice. Airway inflammation was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells and histological analysis of the lung. Purified airway epithelial cells were analyzed by quantitative PCR and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). RESULTS HDM-induced airway inflammation was exacerbated in STAT3-cKO mice compared with STAT3-WT mice. RNA-seq analyses revealed that Scd1, coding stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, was most significantly upregulated in HDM-treated STAT3-WT mice compared to HDM-treated STAT3-cKO mice. Notably, the administration of an SCD1 inhibitor exacerbated HDM-induced airway inflammation. AECs of HDM-treated STAT3-cKO mice and those of HDM-treated SCD1 inhibitor-injected mice shared 45 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed that the enriched ontology clusters included fatty acid biosynthetic process and regulation of lipid biosynthetic process, suggesting the involvement of the STAT3-SCD1-lipid metabolism axis in suppressing allergic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS STAT3 is crucial for suppressing HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation, possibly inducing SCD1 expression in AECs.
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Zhu W, Sheng D, Shao Y, Zhang Q, Peng Y. Neuronal calcitonin gene-related peptide promotes prostate tumor growth in the bone microenvironment. Peptides 2021; 135:170423. [PMID: 33086087 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Advanced stage of prostate cancer cells preferentially metastasizes to varying bones of prostate cancer patients, resulting in incurable disease with poor prognosis and limited therapeutical treatment options. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide produced by prostate gland, is known to play a pivotal role in facilitating tumor growth and metastasis of numerous human cancers. In this study, we aim to investigate the clinical relevance of CGRP in prostate cancer patients and the effects of CGRP and CGRP antagonists on prostate tumor growth in the mouse model. The prostate tumor-bearing mice were received either CGRP or CGRP antagonist treatment, and the tumor growth was monitored by quantification of luminescence intensities. We found that the CGRP+ nerve fiber density and serum CGRP levels were substantially upregulated in the bone or serum specimens from advanced prostate cancer patients as well as in prostate tumor-bearing mice. Administration of CGRP promoted, whereas treatment of CGRP antagonists inhibited prostate tumor growth in the femurs of mice. In addition, CGRP treatment activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs)/ Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in prostate cancer cells. Targeting CGRP may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for advanced prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhu
- Department of Urology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Dongya Sheng
- Department of Urology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yiqun Shao
- Department of Urology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Urology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
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Yin Y, Ornitz DM. FGF9 and FGF10 activate distinct signaling pathways to direct lung epithelial specification and branching. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/621/eaay4353. [PMID: 32127497 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay4353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 9 and 10 are essential during the pseudoglandular stage of lung development. Mesothelium-produced FGF9 is principally responsible for mesenchymal growth, whereas epithelium-produced FGF9 and mesenchyme-produced FGF10 guide lung epithelial development, and loss of either of these ligands affects epithelial branching. Because FGF9 and FGF10 activate distinct FGF receptors (FGFRs), we hypothesized that they would control distinct developmental processes. Here, we found that FGF9 signaled through epithelial FGFR3 to directly promote distal epithelial fate specification and inhibit epithelial differentiation. By contrast, FGF10 signaled through epithelial FGFR2b to promote epithelial proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, FGF9-FGFR3 signaling functionally opposed FGF10-FGFR2b signaling, and FGFR3 preferentially used downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, whereas FGFR2b relied on downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. These data demonstrate that, within lung epithelial cells, different FGFRs function independently; they bind receptor-specific ligands and direct distinct developmental functions through the activation of distinct downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Yin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Larribère L, Galach M, Novak D, Arévalo K, Volz HC, Stark HJ, Boukamp P, Boutros M, Utikal J. An RNAi Screen Reveals an Essential Role for HIPK4 in Human Skin Epithelial Differentiation from iPSCs. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1234-1245. [PMID: 28966120 PMCID: PMC5639458 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of human skin epithelial cells are incompletely understood. As a consequence, the efficiency to establish a pure skin epithelial cell population from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) remains poor. Using an approach including RNAi and high-throughput imaging of early epithelial cells, we identified candidate kinases involved in their differentiation from hiPSCs. Among these, we found HIPK4 to be an important inhibitor of this process. Indeed, its silencing increased the amount of generated skin epithelial precursors at an early time point, increased the amount of generated keratinocytes at a later time point, and improved growth and differentiation of organotypic cultures, allowing for the formation of a denser basal layer and stratification with the expression of several keratins. Our data bring substantial input regarding regulation of human skin epithelial differentiation and for improving differentiation protocols from pluripotent stem cells. High-throughput RNAi screen setup during human skin epithelial differentiation Identification of HIPK4 as a crucial blocker of human skin epithelial differentiation Improvement of human organotypic epithelial cultures after HIPK4 silencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Larribère
- Skin Cancer Unit (G300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Marta Galach
- Skin Cancer Unit (G300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Novak
- Skin Cancer Unit (G300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karla Arévalo
- Skin Cancer Unit (G300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Volz
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Stark
- Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Boukamp
- Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40021 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit (G300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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