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Evangelinakis N, Geladari EV, Geladari CV, Kontogeorgi A, Papaioannou GK, Peppa M, Kalantaridou S. The influence of environmental factors on premature ovarian insufficiency and ovarian aging. Maturitas 2024; 179:107871. [PMID: 37925867 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency and ovarian aging are complex conditions that affect women's reproductive health and overall well-being. They are both characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and infertility, and together affect about 1 in 100 women by the age of 40. This review explores the influence of environmental factors on the development and progression of premature ovarian insufficiency and ovarian aging. When referring to environmental factors, we include a wide range of external agents and conditions, including chemicals, socioeconomic factors and lifestyle choices. Through a review of the literature, we attempt to highlight the link between environmental factors and ovarian health. We examine the impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol A and phthalates, on ovarian function and investigate the mechanisms by which these chemicals can disrupt hormone signaling pathways, leading to alterations in ovarian reserve, oocyte quality, and folliculogenesis. Moreover, we explore lifestyle factors like obesity, stress, smoking and alcohol in relation to their effects on ovarian aging. Epigenetic changes may play a crucial role in the prevalence of premature ovarian insufficiency. Understanding the impact of environmental factors on premature ovarian insufficiency and ovarian aging is very important in public and clinical health contexts. By identifying risk factors, healthcare providers can develop targeted and strategic prevention and intervention plans. Furthermore, this knowledge can promote reproductive health and minimize exposure to harmful environmental agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Evangelinakis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni V Geladari
- 3rd Internal Medicine Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Liver Outpatient Clinic, Ypsilantou 45-47, Athens 106 76, Greece
| | - Charalampia V Geladari
- Hellenic Society of Environmental and Climate Medicine, 92 Danaon Street, 13122 Ilion, Athens, Greece
| | - Adamantia Kontogeorgi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Crete, Andrea Kalokerinou 13, Giofirakia, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Melpomeni Peppa
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital 1 Rimini Street, 12462, Chaidari, Greece
| | - Sophia Kalantaridou
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Chaidari, Athens, Greece.
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2
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Shacfe G, Turko R, Syed HH, Masoud I, Tahmaz Y, Samhan LM, Alkattan K, Shafqat A, Yaqinuddin A. A DNA Methylation Perspective on Infertility. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2132. [PMID: 38136954 PMCID: PMC10743303 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects a significant number of couples worldwide and its incidence is increasing. While assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of infertility, a significant number of couples present with an idiopathic cause for their infertility, hindering effective management. Profiling the genome and transcriptome of infertile men and women has revealed abnormal gene expression. Epigenetic modifications, which comprise dynamic processes that can transduce environmental signals into gene expression changes, may explain these findings. Indeed, aberrant DNA methylation has been widely characterized as a cause of abnormal sperm and oocyte gene expression with potentially deleterious consequences on fertilization and pregnancy outcomes. This review aims to provide a concise overview of male and female infertility through the lens of DNA methylation alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (G.S.); (R.T.); (H.H.S.); (I.M.); (Y.T.); (L.M.S.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
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3
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Kitazawa R, Haraguchi R, Kitazawa S. Histone Modification in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:41-47. [PMID: 37425097 PMCID: PMC10323199 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.23-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Keeping chromatin in a stable state is essential for genome stability, scheduled transcription, replication, DNA repair, and precise and reliable chromosome segregation and telomere maintenance during cell division. Over the past decade, research on chromatin remodeling has made great strides whereby modification of histone proteins is a key factor involved in many of the essential cellular processes. The nuclear findings of tumor cells that pathologists routinely examine are nothing but reflections of both genomic and histone alterations. Moreover, impaired histone function is known to be related to common diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis, and is, therefore, considered a potential therapeutic target. The present review first outlines the physiological function of histone proteins, and second, demonstrates their alterations to pathological states, emphasizing the importance of immunohistochemistry in histopathological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Kitazawa
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ryuma Haraguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Sohei Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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Wang J, Sun X, Yang Z, Li S, Wang Y, Ren R, Liu Z, Yu D. Epigenetic regulation in premature ovarian failure: A literature review. Front Physiol 2023; 13:998424. [PMID: 36685174 PMCID: PMC9846267 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF), or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease characterized by amenorrhea, decreased estrogen levels and increased female gonadotropin levels. The incidence of POF is increasing annually, and POF has become one of the main causes of infertility in women of childbearing age. The etiology and pathogenesis of POF are complex and have not yet been clearly elucidated. In addition to genetic factors, an increasing number of studies have revealed that epigenetic changes play an important role in the occurrence and development of POF. However, we found that very few papers have summarized epigenetic variations in POF, and a systematic analysis of this topic is therefore necessary. In this article, by reviewing and analyzing the most relevant literature in this research field, we expound on the relationship between DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA expression and the development of POF. We also analyzed how environmental factors affect POF through epigenetic modulation. Additionally, we discuss potential epigenetic biomarkers and epigenetic treatment targets for POF. We anticipate that our paper may provide new therapeutic clues for improving ovarian function and maintaining fertility in POF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Changchun, China
| | | | | | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Changchun, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Ruoxue Ren
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Ziyue Liu
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Dehai Yu,
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Shirouzu S, Sugita N, Choijookhuu N, Yamaguma Y, Takeguchi K, Ishizuka T, Tanaka M, Fidya F, Kai K, Chosa E, Yamashita Y, Koshimoto C, Hishikawa Y. Pivotal role of High-Mobility Group Box 2 in ovarian folliculogenesis and fertility. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:133. [PMID: 36539852 PMCID: PMC9769043 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and HMGB2 are chromatin-associated proteins that belong to the HMG protein family, and are involved in the regulation of DNA transcription during cell differentiation, proliferation and regeneration in various tissues. However, the role of HMGB2 in ovarian folliculogenesis is largely unknown. METHODS We investigated the functional role of HMGB1 and HMGB2 in ovarian folliculogenesis and fertilization using C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and HMGB2-knockout (KO) mice. Ovarian tissues were obtained from WT and HMGB2-KO mice at postnatal days 0, 3, 7, and 2, 6 months of age, then performed immunohistochemistry, qPCR and Western blotting analyses. Oocyte fertilization capability was examined by natural breeding and in vitro fertilization experiments. RESULTS In HMGB2-KO mice, ovary weight was decreased due to reduced numbers of oocytes and follicles. Natural breeding and in vitro fertilization results indicated that HMGB2-KO mice are subfertile, but not sterile. Immunohistochemistry showed that oocytes expressed HMGB2, but not HMGB1, in neonatal and adult WT ovaries. Interestingly, in HMGB2-KO ovaries, a compensatory increase in HMGB1 was found in oocyte nuclei of neonatal and 2-month-old mice; however, this was lost at 6 months of age. CONCLUSIONS The depletion of HMGB2 led to alterations in ovarian morphology and function, suggesting that HMGB2 plays an essential role in ovarian development, folliculogenesis and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Shirouzu
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan ,grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Naohiro Sugita
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan ,grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Narantsog Choijookhuu
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Yu Yamaguma
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan ,grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Kanako Takeguchi
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Division of Bio-resources, Department of Biotechnology, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 5200, 889-1692 Japan
| | - Takumi Ishizuka
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Mio Tanaka
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Fidya Fidya
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Kengo Kai
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan ,grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889–1692 Japan
| | - Etsuo Chosa
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamashita
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Chihiro Koshimoto
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Division of Bio-resources, Department of Biotechnology, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 5200, 889-1692 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hishikawa
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, 889-1692 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki Japan
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Sagvekar P, Shinde G, Mangoli V, Desai SK, Mukherjee S. Evidence for TET-mediated DNA demethylation as an epigenetic alteration in cumulus granulosa cells of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Hum Reprod 2022; 28:6595033. [PMID: 35640568 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral and tissue-specific alterations in global DNA methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC) profiles have been charted as biomarkers for disease prediction and as hallmarks of dysregulated localized gene networks. Global and gene-specific epigenetic alterations in the 5mC profiles have shown widespread implications in etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, there has been no study in PCOS that integrates the quantification of 5mC and 5hmC signatures alongside the expression levels of DNA methylating and demethylating enzymes as respective indicators of methylation and demethylation pathways. Having previously shown that the 5mC signatures are not greatly altered in PCOS, we assessed the global 5hmC levels in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs) of 40 controls and 40 women with PCOS. This analysis revealed higher 5hmC levels in CGCs of PCOS women, indicating a more dominant demethylation pathway. Further, we assessed the transcript and protein expression levels of DNA demethylating and methylating enzymes, i.e. ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TET1, TET2, TET3) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B), respectively, in CGCs. The relative transcript and protein expression levels of all three TETs were found to be higher in women with PCOS; and the TET mRNA expression profiles were positively correlated with 5hmC levels in CGCs. Also, all three DNMT genes showed altered transcript expression in PCOS, although only the downregulated DNMT3A transcript was correlated with decreasing 5mC levels. At the protein level, the expression of DNMT1 (maintenance methylation enzyme) was higher, while that of DNMT3A (denovo methylation enzyme) was found to be lower in PCOS compared to controls. Overall, these results indicate that DNA methylation changes in CGCs of PCOS women may arise partly due to intrinsic alterations in the transcriptional regulation of TETs and DNMT3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sagvekar
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Gayatri Shinde
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Vijay Mangoli
- Fertility Clinic and IVF Center, 12-Springfield, 19-Vachha Gandhi Road, Gamdevi, Mumbai-, 400007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana K Desai
- Fertility Clinic and IVF Center, 12-Springfield, 19-Vachha Gandhi Road, Gamdevi, Mumbai-, 400007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srabani Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
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Hishikawa Y, Takizawa T, Koji T. In focus in HCB: new histochemical insights into mammalian gametogenesis. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:269-271. [PMID: 35230484 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hishikawa
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Office of Research Initiative and Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
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8
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Kitazawa S, Ohno T, Haraguchi R, Kitazawa R. Histochemistry, Cytochemistry and Epigenetics. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2022; 55:1-7. [PMID: 35444348 PMCID: PMC8913277 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.21-00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, many researchers have individually identified tumor-related genes, and have accumulated information on their basic research in a database. With the development of technology that can comprehensively test the expression status within a short time, oncogene panel testing has become attainable. On the other hand, changes in gene expression that do not depend on changes in base sequences, that is, epigenetics, or more comprehensively, epigenomes, are also highly involved in the development and progression of disease. Oncogene panel tests tend to focus on DNA base mutations such as point mutations, deletions, duplications, and chimera formation. Elucidation leads to correct interpretation of diseases and treatment choices, and we are in an era where integrated understanding of the genome and epigenome is indispensable. In this review, we make every effort to cover a wide range of knowledge, including data on histone protein modification, non-coding (nc)RNA and DNA methylation, and recent application trials for demonstrating epigenetic alterations in histologic and cytologic specimens. We hope this review will help marshal the knowledge accumulated by researchers involved in genomic and epigenomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Teruyuki Ohno
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital
| | - Ryuma Haraguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Riko Kitazawa
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital
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Onizuka H, Masui K, Amano K, Kawamata T, Yamamoto T, Nagashima Y, Shibata N. Metabolic Reprogramming Drives Pituitary Tumor Growth through Epigenetic Regulation of TERT. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2021; 54:87-96. [PMID: 34276102 PMCID: PMC8275863 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.21-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas are common, benign brain tumors. Some tumors show aggressive phenotypes including early recurrence, local invasion and distant metastasis, but the underlying mechanism to drive the progression of pituitary tumors has remained to be clarified. Aerobic glycolysis known as the Warburg effect is one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer, which has an impact on the tumor biology partly through epigenetic regulation of the tumor-promoting genes. Here, we demonstrate metabolic reprogramming in pituitary tumors contributes to tumor cell growth with epigenetic changes such as histone acetylation. Notably, a shift in histone acetylation increases the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) oncogene, which drives metabolism-dependent cell proliferation in pituitary tumors. These indicate that epigenetic changes could be the specific biomarker for predicting the behavior of pituitary tumors and exploitable as a novel target for the aggressive types of the pituitary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Onizuka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Kenta Masui
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Kosaku Amano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | | | - Tomoko Yamamoto
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
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10
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Masui K, Harachi M, K. Cavenee W, S. Mischel P, Shibata N. Codependency of Metabolism and Epigenetics Drives Cancer Progression: A Review. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2020; 53:1-10. [PMID: 32201436 PMCID: PMC7076272 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.20002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is widely considered to be a set of genetic diseases that are currently classified by tissue and cell type of origin and, increasingly, by its molecular characteristics. This latter aspect is based primarily upon oncogene gains, tumor suppressor losses, and associated transcriptional profiles. However, cancers are also characterized by profound alterations in cellular metabolism and epigenetic landscape. It is particularly noteworthy that cancer-causing genomic defects not only activate cell cycle progression, but regulate the opportunistic uptake and utilization of nutrients, effectively enabling tumors to maximize growth and drug resistance in changing tissue and systemic microenvironments. Shifts in chromatin architecture are central to this dynamic behavior. Further, changes in nutrient uptake and utilization directly affect chromatin structure. In this review, we describe a set of recent discoveries of metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in cancer, and especially focus on the genomically well-characterized brain tumor, glioblastoma. Further, we discuss a new mode of metabolic regulation driven by epigenetic mechanisms, that enables cancer cells to autonomously activate iron metabolism for their survival. Together, these underscore the integration of genetic mutations with metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic shifts in cancer, suggesting a new means to identifying patient subsets suitable for specific precision therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162–8666, Japan
| | - Mio Harachi
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162–8666, Japan
| | - Webster K. Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paul S. Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162–8666, Japan
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11
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Soe MT, Shibata Y, Win Htun M, Abe K, Soe K, Win Than N, Lwin T, Phone Kyaw M, Koji T. Immunohistochemical Mapping of Bcl9 Using Two Antibodies that Recognize Different Epitopes Is Useful to Characterize Juvenile Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Myanmar. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2019; 52:9-17. [PMID: 30923411 PMCID: PMC6434316 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.18045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 9 (Bcl9) is the core component of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and overexpressed in nuclei of various tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the extent of Bcl9 expression relative to HCC differentiation stage and its functional aspects are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of Bcl9 immunohistochemically, using two anti-Bcl9 antibodies; one was a conventional polyclonal-antibody (anti-Bcl9ABC) against amino acid no.800-900 of human-Bcl9, while the other (anti-Bcl9BIO) was against amino acid no.50-200, covering Pygopus-binding sites of Bcl9. Immunohistochemistry using anti-Bcl9BIO demonstrated distinctive staining in the cytoplasm, while the anti-Bcl9ABC signal was detected in both cytoplasm and nuclei of HCC cells, reflecting different states of Bcl9 function because Pygopus-binding to Bcl9 is essential to exert its function together with β-catenin in nucleus. Quantitative analysis revealed a significantly higher immunohistochemical-score by anti-Bcl9BIO in normal liver comparing various differentiation grades of HCC (P < 0.004), whereas no significant difference was noted with anti-Bcl9ABC. Interestingly, immunohistochemical-score of anti-Bcl9BIO in patients aged < 40 years was significantly lower than that of ≥ 40 years group (P < 0.01). The results indicated that anti-Bcl9BIO detected cytoplasmic Bcl9, which does not bind to Pygopus suggesting it could be a useful indicator for development of HCC in young Myanmar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat Thu Soe
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yasuaki Shibata
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Myo Win Htun
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kuniko Abe
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Hospital
| | | | - Nay Win Than
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yangon Specialty Hospital
| | - Thann Lwin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yangon Specialty Hospital
| | | | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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12
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An X, Ma H, Han P, Zhu C, Cao B, Bai Y. Genome-wide differences in DNA methylation changes in caprine ovaries between oestrous and dioestrous phases. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:85. [PMID: 30524725 PMCID: PMC6277999 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation plays a vital role in reproduction. Entire genome DNA methylation changes during the oestrous phase (ES) and dioestrous phase (DS) in the ovaries of Guanzhong dairy goats were investigated using bisulphite sequencing to understand the molecular biological mechanisms of these goats’ oestrous cycle. Results We discovered distinct genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in ES and DS ovaries. A total of 26,910 differentially methylated regions were upregulated and 21,453 differentially methylated regions were downregulated in the ES samples compared with the DS samples (P-values ≤0.05 and fold change of methylation ratios ≥2). Differentially methylated region analysis showed hypomethylation in the gene body regions and hypermethylation in the joining region between upstream regions and gene bodies. The methylation ratios of the STAR, FGF2, FGF12, BMP5 and SMAD6 genes in the ES samples were lower than those of the DS samples (P-values ≤0.05 and fold change of methylation ratios ≥2). Conversely, the methylation ratios of the EGFR, TGFBR2, IGF2BP1 and MMD2 genes increased in the ES samples compared with the DS samples. In addition, 223 differentially methylated genes were found in the GnRH signalling pathway (KO04912), ovarian steroidogenesis pathway (KO04913), oestrogen signalling pathway (KO04915), oxytocin signalling pathway (KO04921), insulin secretion pathway (KO04911) and MAPK signalling pathway (KO04010). Conclusions This study is the first large-scale comparison of the high-resolution DNA methylation landscapes of oestrous and dioestrous ovaries from dairy goats. Previous studies and our investigations have shown that the NR5A2, STAR, FGF2 and BMP5 genes might have potential application value in regulating caprine oestrus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0301-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng An
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Ma
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Han
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhu
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China
| | - Binyun Cao
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Henan Province, No. 91 Jingsan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008 People's Republic of China
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