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Ebata A, Suzuki T, Shoji-Harada N, Hamanaka Y, Miyashita M, Iwabuchi E, Takagi K, Miki Y, Tada H, Ishida T. Immunolocalization of Cytoplasmic ER in ER-negative Breast Carcinoma as a Potent Favorable Prognostic Predictor. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:59-66. [PMID: 37680573 PMCID: PMC10480483 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.23-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that estrogen receptor (ER) has extranuclear signaling functions in addition to classical genomic pathway, and estrogenic actions have been reported in ER-negative breast carcinoma cells. However, significance of cytoplasmic-ER immunoreactivity has not been reported in ER-negative breast carcinoma tissues. We immunolocalized cytoplasmic ER in 155 ER-negative breast carcinoma tissues and evaluated its clinicopathological significance including the prognosis. As a comparative cohort set, we also used 142 ER-positive breast carcinomas. Cytoplasmic-ER immunoreactivity was detected in the carcinoma cells, but not in the non-neoplastic mammary epithelium. Cytoplasmic-ER immunoreactivity was positive in the 35 out of 155 (23%) ER-negative breast carcinoma cases, whereas it was detected only in 2 out of 142 (1.4%) ER-positive cases. Cytoplasmic ER status was positively associated with cytoplasmic-PR status, but inversely associated with Ki67 labeling index or distant free-relapse survival rate. Moreover, cytoplasmic-ER status turned out to be an independent good prognostic factor for both distant relapse-free survival and breast cancer specific survival. These findings suggested that cytoplasmic ER plays important roles in the ER-negative breast carcinoma, and cytoplasmic ER is a potent good prognostic factor. Among the ER-negative breast cancer patients, clinical benefit of chemotherapy may be limited in the cytoplasmic-ER positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Ebata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Narumi Shoji-Harada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
| | - Yohei Hamanaka
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
| | - Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
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Subcellular dynamics of estrogen-related receptors involved in transrepression through interactions with scaffold attachment factor B1. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:239-251. [PMID: 34129097 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-01998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor (ERR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, consists of three subtypes (α, β, γ) and has strong homology with estrogen receptor. No endogenous ligands have been identified for ERRs, but they play key roles in metabolic, hormonal, and developmental processes as transcription factors without ligand binding. Although subnuclear dynamics are essential for nuclear events including nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional regulation, the dynamics of ERRs are poorly understood. Here, we report that ERRs show subcellular kinetic changes in response to diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen that represses the transactivity of all three ERR subtypes, using live-cell imaging with fluorescent protein labeling. Upon DES treatment, all ERR subtypes formed discrete clusters in the nucleus, with ERRγ also displaying nuclear export. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analyses revealed significant reductions in the intranuclear mobility of DES-bound ERRα and ERRβ, and a slight reduction in the intranuclear mobility of DES-bound ERRγ. After DES treatment, colocalization of all ERR subtypes with scaffold attachment factor B1 (SAFB1), a nuclear matrix-associated protein, was observed in dot-like subnuclear clusters, suggesting interactions of the ERRs with the nuclear matrix. Consistently, co-immunoprecipitation analyses confirmed enhanced interactions between ERRs and SAFB1 in the presence of DES. SAFB1 was clarified to repress the transactivity of all ERR subtypes through the ERR-response element. These results demonstrate ligand-dependent cluster formation of ERRs in the nucleus that is closely associated with SAFB1-mediated transrepression. Taken together, the present findings provide a new understanding of the pathophysiology regulated by ERR/SAFB1 signaling pathways and their subcellular dynamics.
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Luo S, Zhang M, Wu H, Ding X, Li D, Dong X, Hu X, Su S, Shang W, Wu J, Xiao H, Yang W, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Lu Y, Pan Z. SAIL: a new conserved anti-fibrotic lncRNA in the heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:15. [PMID: 33675440 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) account for a large proportion of genomic transcripts and are critical regulators in various cardiac diseases. Though lncRNAs have been reported to participate in the process of diverse cardiac diseases, the contribution of lncRNAs in cardiac fibrosis remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we identified a novel anti-fibrotic lncRNA, SAIL (scaffold attachment factor B interacting lncRNA). SAIL was reduced in cardiac fibrotic tissue and activated cardiac fibroblasts. Gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that knockdown of SAIL promoted proliferation and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts with or without TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor beta1) treatment, while overexpression of SAIL did the opposite. In mouse cardiac fibrosis induced by myocardial infarction, knockdown of SAIL exacerbated, whereas overexpression of SAIL alleviated cardiac fibrosis. Mechanically, SAIL inhibited the fibrotic process by directly binding with SAFB via 23 conserved nucleotide sequences, which in turn blocked the access of SAFB to RNA pol II (RNA polymerase II) and reduced the transcription of fibrosis-related genes. Intriguingly, the human conserved fragment of SAIL (hSAIL) significantly suppressed the proliferation and collagen production of human cardiac fibroblasts. Our findings demonstrate that SAIL regulates cardiac fibrosis by regulating SAFB-mediated transcription of fibrotic related genes. Both SAIL and SAFB hold the potential to become novel therapeutic targets for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenjian Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Su
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendi Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifan Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Farcas AM, Nagarajan S, Cosulich S, Carroll JS. Genome-Wide Estrogen Receptor Activity in Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqaa224. [PMID: 33284960 PMCID: PMC7787425 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The largest subtype of breast cancer is characterized by the expression and activity of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha/ER). Although several effective therapies have significantly improved survival, the adaptability of cancer cells means that patients frequently stop responding or develop resistance to endocrine treatment. ER does not function in isolation and multiple associating factors have been reported to play a role in regulating the estrogen-driven transcriptional program. This review focuses on the dynamic interplay between some of these factors which co-occupy ER-bound regulatory elements, their contribution to estrogen signaling, and their possible therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the review illustrates how some ER association partners can influence and reprogram the genomic distribution of the estrogen receptor. As this dynamic ER activity enables cancer cell adaptability and impacts the clinical outcome, defining how this plasticity is determined is fundamental to our understanding of the mechanisms of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca M Farcas
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sankari Nagarajan
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Jason S Carroll
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Misiakiewicz-Has K, Zawiślak A, Pilutin A, Kolasa-Wołosiuk A, Szumilas P, Duchnik E, Wiszniewska B. Morphological and Functional Changes in Skin of Adult Male Rats Chronically Treated with Letrozole, a Nonsteroidal Inhibitor of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2020; 53:99-111. [PMID: 33177782 PMCID: PMC7642481 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.20009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is a target for hormones and a site of hormone production. Aromatase inhibitors such as letrozole reduce circulating estrogen. The aim of the study was to investigate the morphology of the dermis and immunoexpression of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α and β (ERα, ERβ), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) in male rats with a deficit of estradiol. Experiments were performed on skin of 12 male rats. Rats in the experimental group received per os letrozole for 6 months. For morphological analysis, van Gieson, Sirius Red and orcein staining of sections was performed. In immunohistochemistry, reactions with specific antibodies (anti-P450arom, LHR, FSHR, ERα, ERβ) were used. In morphometric analysis, sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Differences between groups were assessed by Mann-Whitney U-test. There were no differences in the diameter of collagen fibers. The dermis of letrozole-treated animals showed areas without collagen fibers, and expression of P450arom, ERα and ERβ was diminished in the skin of these animals. This study indicates that estrogens exert an effect via ERs that has a role in maintaining proper skin morphology in males, together with androgen. This is also the first documented expression of FSHR in the skin of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicja Zawiślak
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
| | - Anna Pilutin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
| | | | - Paweł Szumilas
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
| | - Ewa Duchnik
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
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Tanida T, Matsuda KI, Tanaka M. Novel metabolic system for lactic acid via LRPGC1/ERRγ signaling pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:13239-13256. [PMID: 32851675 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000492r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid (LA) is a byproduct of glycolysis resulting from intense exercise or a metabolic defect in aerobic processes. LA metabolism is essential to prevent lactic acidosis, but the mechanism through which LA regulates its own metabolism is largely unknown. Here, we identified a LA-responsive protein, named LRPGC1, which has a distinct role from PGC1α, a key metabolic regulator, and report that LRPGC1 particularly mediates LA response to activate liver LA metabolism. Following LA stimulation, LRPGC1, but not PGC1α, translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus through deactivation of nuclear export signals, interacts with the nuclear receptor ERRγ, and upregulates TFAM, which ensures mitochondrial biogenesis. Knockout of PGC1 gene in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells decreased the LA consumption and TFAM expression, which were rescued by LRPGC1 expression, but not by PGC1α. These LRPGC1-induced effects were mediated by ERRγ, concomitantly with mitochondrial activation. The response element for LRPGC1/ERRγ signaling pathway was identified in TFAM promoter. Notably, the survival rate of a mouse model of lactic acidosis was reduced by the liver-targeted silencing of Lrpgc1, while it was significantly ameliorated by the pharmacological activation of ERRγ. These findings demonstrate LA-responsive transactivation via LRPGC1 that highlight an intrinsic molecular mechanism for LA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanida
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Ichi Matsuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Mohamadalizadeh-Hanjani Z, Shahbazi S, Geranpayeh L. Investigation of the SPAG5 gene expression and amplification related to the NuMA mRNA levels in breast ductal carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:225. [PMID: 32838814 PMCID: PMC7445913 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-02001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cell proliferative markers are very important in breast cancer. Since SPAG5 and NuMA proteins play a significant role in the mitosis regulatory network and cell division, we aimed to study their mRNA levels as well as SPAG5 gene amplification correlated to clinicopathological status in ductal carcinoma of the breast. Methods SPAG5 and NuMA gene expressions were investigated in 40 breast cancer tissues and normal adjacent tissues via real-time PCR. PUM1 was selected as the reference gene. QMF PCR method was applied to study SPAG5 gene amplification and AGBL2, BOD1L, and POR were designated as internal control genes. Gene amplification was determined by calculating a dosage quotient for each DNA fragment. Results Increased SPAG5 mRNA expression was detected in breast cancer tissues (p = 0.005) and related to tumor size. No significant difference was observed between NuMA gene expression level in tumor tissue and the normal adjacent tissue (p = 0.56). However, we observed that NuMA expression was significantly increased in ER-positive tumor tissues. There was no clear correlation pattern between SPAG5 and NuMA mRNA levels (r = 0.33). Seventeen percent of tissues showed complete amplification in SPAG5 gene fragments. Conclusion Our results were consistent with the previous publications regarding SPAG5 gene expression and amplification in breast cancer with an emphasis on the prominent role of this protein in tumor pathogenesis. Our results failed to yield any correlation between SPAG5 and NuMA mRNA levels which implies independence of these genes in breast cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirin Shahbazi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Loabat Geranpayeh
- Department of Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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