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Lillie KM, Shaw J, Jansen KJ, Garrison MM. Buprenorphine/Naloxone for Opioid Use Disorder Among Alaska Native and American Indian People. J Addict Med 2021; 15:297-302. [PMID: 33074852 PMCID: PMC10395652 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Opioid-related disparities are magnified among Alaska Native and American Indian (ANAI) people. Yet, no outcome studies on medication for addiction treatment, an effective treatment in other populations, among ANAI people exist. The objective of this study was to identify variables associated with buprenorphine/naloxone retention among ANAI people with opioid use disorder (OUD). METHODS The sample was 240 ANAI adults in Anchorage, Alaska who received buprenorphine/naloxone treatment for an OUD. We gathered data from the electronic health record from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. We used survival analysis to explore possible predictors (demographic variables, psychiatric comorbidity, medical severity, previous opioid prescriptions, previous injury, alcohol use disorder, and co-occurring substance use) of length of treatment retention (in days) while accounting for right censoring. RESULTS We found that 63% of the 240 patients were retained in buprenorphine/naloxone treatment at 90 days, 51% at 6 months, and 40% at 1 year, slightly lower than the general US population. Younger age (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% confidence intervals 1.17-2.45) and co-occurring substance use (hazard ratio 2.95, 95% confidence intervals 1.99-4.38) were associated with increased rate of buprenorphine/naloxone treatment discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Younger patients and those with co-occurring substance use remain at higher risk of discontinuing buprenorphine/naloxone treatment for OUD in this population of ANAI people. Treatment programs serving ANAI people may consider paying special attention to patients with these characteristics to prevent treatment discontinuation. Our study highlights the need to address poly-substance use among ANAI people in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Lillie
- Southcentral Foundation, 4085 Tudor Centre Drive, Anchorage, AK (KML, JS, KJJ); University of Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA (MMG)
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Saunders EC, Moore SK, Walsh O, Metcalf SA, Budney AJ, Cavazos-Rehg P, Scherer E, Marsch LA. "It's way more than just writing a prescription": A qualitative study of preferences for integrated versus non-integrated treatment models among individuals with opioid use disorder. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2021; 16:8. [PMID: 33499938 PMCID: PMC7839299 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-021-00213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasingly, treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) is offered in integrated treatment models addressing both substance use and other health conditions within the same system. This often includes offering medications for OUD in general medical settings. It remains uncertain whether integrated OUD treatment models are preferred to non-integrated models, where treatment is provided within a distinct treatment system. This study aimed to explore preferences for integrated versus non-integrated treatment models among people with OUD and examine what factors may influence preferences. Methods This qualitative study recruited participants (n = 40) through Craigslist advertisements and flyers posted in treatment programs across the United States. Participants were 18 years of age or older and scored a two or higher on the heroin or opioid pain reliever sections of the Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medications, and Other Substances (TAPS) Tool. Each participant completed a demographic survey and a telephone interview. The interviews were coded and content analyzed. Results While some participants preferred receiving OUD treatment from an integrated model in a general medical setting, the majority preferred non-integrated models. Some participants preferred integrated models in theory but expressed concerns about stigma and a lack of psychosocial services. Tradeoffs between integrated and non-integrated models were centered around patient values (desire for anonymity and personalization, fear of consequences), the characteristics of the provider and setting (convenience, perceived treatment effectiveness, access to services), and the patient-provider relationship (disclosure, trust, comfort, stigma). Conclusions Among this sample of primarily White adults, preferences for non-integrated versus integrated OUD treatment were mixed. Perceived benefits of integrated models included convenience, potential for treatment personalization, and opportunity to extend established relationships with medical providers. Recommendations to make integrated treatment more patient-centered include facilitating access to psychosocial services, educating patients on privacy, individualizing treatment, and prioritizing the patient-provider relationship. This sample included very few minorities and thus findings may not be fully generalizable to the larger population of persons with OUD. Nonetheless, results suggest a need for expansion of both OUD treatment in specialty and general medical settings to ensure access to preferred treatment for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Saunders
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine At Dartmouth College, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 301, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
| | - Sarah K Moore
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine At Dartmouth College, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 301, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Olivia Walsh
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine At Dartmouth College, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 301, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Stephen A Metcalf
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine At Dartmouth College, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 301, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Alan J Budney
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine At Dartmouth College, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 301, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emily Scherer
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine At Dartmouth College, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 301, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Lisa A Marsch
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine At Dartmouth College, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 301, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
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D1- but not D2-like dopamine receptor antagonist in the CA1 region of the hippocampus reduced stress-induced reinstatement in extinguished morphine-conditioning place preference in the food-deprived rats. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:196-206. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Dong R, Wang H, Li D, Lang L, Gray F, Liu Y, Laffont CM, Young M, Jiang J, Liu Z, Learned SM. Pharmacokinetics of Sublingual Buprenorphine Tablets Following Single and Multiple Doses in Chinese Participants With and Without Opioid Use Disorder. Drugs R D 2020; 19:255-265. [PMID: 31197606 PMCID: PMC6738359 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-019-0277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two phase I studies assessed the pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine, its metabolite norbuprenorphine, and naloxone following administration of buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual tablets in Chinese participants. Methods In the first phase I, open-label, single ascending-dose (SAD) study, 82 opioid-naïve volunteers received a single buprenorphine/naloxone dose ranging from 2 mg/0.5 mg to 24 mg/6 mg while under naltrexone block. In a second phase I, open-label, multiple ascending-dose (MAD) study, 27 patients with opioid dependence in withdrawal received buprenorphine/naloxone doses of either 16 mg/4 mg or 24 mg/6 mg for 9 consecutive days. Serial blood samples were collected after a single dose (SAD study) and at steady-state (MAD study). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental analysis. Safety assessments included adverse events monitoring and laboratory tests. Results The pharmacokinetic profiles of buprenorphine and naloxone were consistent between single- and multiple-dose studies. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were reached early for buprenorphine (0.75–1.0 h) and naloxone (0.5 h), supporting rapid absorption. In the SAD study, increases in plasma exposures to buprenorphine and naloxone were less than dose proportional, in line with previous observations in Western populations. Buprenorphine-to-naloxone ratios for Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) were constant over the dose range investigated and also consistent with Western populations data. Steady state was reached within 7 days of daily dosing, with slight accumulation over repeated doses. No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions The present data suggest that buprenorphine/naloxone pharmacokinetic profiles in Chinese participants are consistent, overall, with those in Western populations, supporting no differences in dosing. Clinical Trial Registration The protocols were registered on the official website of the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA): http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/; Registration numbers CTR20132963 (RB-CN-10-0012), CTR20140153 (RB-CN-10-0015). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40268-019-0277-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Liwei Lang
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Frank Gray
- Indivior PLC, 215 Bath Road, Slough, England, SL1 4AA, UK
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Indivior PLC, 215 Bath Road, Slough, England, SL1 4AA, UK.
| | | | - Malcolm Young
- Indivior PLC, 215 Bath Road, Slough, England, SL1 4AA, UK
| | - Ji Jiang
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
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McDuff D, Stull T, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Hitchcock ME, Hainline B, Reardon CL. Recreational and ergogenic substance use and substance use disorders in elite athletes: a narrative review. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:754-760. [PMID: 31097457 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substances from various classes may be used for recreational purposes, self-treatment or to boost performance. When substance use shifts from occasional to regular, heavy or hazardous use, positive and negative effects can develop that vary by substance class and athlete. Regular use of recreational or performance enhancing substances can lead to misuse, sanctions or use disorders. OBJECTIVE To review the prevalence, patterns of use, risk factors, performance effects and types of intervention for all classes of recreational and performance enhancing substances in elite athletes by sport, ethnicity, country and gender. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies that compared the prevalence and patterns of substance use, misuse and use disorders in elite athletes with those of non-athletes and provided detailed demographic and sport variations in reasons for use, risk factors and performance effects for each main substance class. RESULTS Alcohol, cannabis, tobacco (nicotine) and prescribed opioids and stimulants are the most commonly used substances in elite athletes, but generally used at lower rates than in non-athletes. In contrast, use/misuse rates for binge alcohol, oral tobacco, non-prescription opioids and anabolic-androgenic steroids are higher among athletes than non-athletes, especially in power and collision sports. Cannabis/cannabinoids seem to have replaced nicotine as the second most commonly used substance. CONCLUSIONS Substance use in elite athletes varies by country, ethnicity, gender, sport and competitive level. There are no studies on substance use disorder prevalence in elite male and female athletes and few studies with direct comparison groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McDuff
- Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA .,MD Sports Performance, Ellicott, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd Stull
- Athletics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln University Health Center, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, Fundação do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Mary E Hitchcock
- Ebling Library for the Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian Hainline
- National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Claudia L Reardon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Wang X, Jiang H, Zhao M, Li J, Gray F, Sheng L, Li Y, Li X, Ling W, Li W, Hao W. Treatment of opioid dependence with buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual tablets: A phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2019; 11:e12344. [PMID: 30460781 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual tablets for the treatment of opioid dependence in Chinese adults. METHODS This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included four periods: induction (3-5 days), stabilization (7-21 days), randomization/treatment (6 weeks), and postmedication follow-up (1 week). A total of 442 participants with opioid dependence were enrolled; 260 were randomized to buprenorphine/naloxone or placebo. The primary outcome was retention in treatment, defined as the time from randomization to treatment completion or treatment failure. Secondary outcomes included maximum consecutive days of abstinence from opioids, self-reported craving and opioid withdrawal symptoms, and urine drug screen results. Safety assessments included adverse event reporting, electrocardiograms, clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, and prior/concomitant medications. RESULTS The median treatment retention time (95% confidence internal) with buprenorphine/naloxone was 32 days (26-38) versus 6 days (5-8) for placebo, with a Cox hazard ratio of 0.28 (95% confidence interval, 0.21-0.38; P < 0.0001). The median maximum consecutive days of abstinence (95% confidence interval) was: buprenorphine/naloxone, 21 days (26-38); placebo, 5 days (5-8) with a Cox hazard ratio of 0.38 (95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.60; P < 0.0001). Withdrawal and craving symptoms were significantly milder with buprenorphine/naloxone versus placebo (P < 0.001). Urine drug screen results indicated significantly lower opioid usage in the buprenorphine/naloxone group compared with placebo (P < 0.001). The most commonly reported adverse events in the buprenorphine/naloxone group during treatment were aspartate aminotransferase increased and nasopharyngitis. DISCUSSION Efficacy and safety results from this clinical trial support a positive benefit-risk ratio for buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual tablet use in the treatment of an opioid-dependent Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- XuYi Wang
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Sheng, China
| | | | - Lixia Sheng
- Beijing An Ding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Walter Ling
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hao
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Venner KL, Donovan DM, Campbell ANC, Wendt DC, Rieckmann T, Radin SM, Momper SL, Rosa CL. Future directions for medication assisted treatment for opioid use disorder with American Indian/Alaska Natives. Addict Behav 2018; 86:111-117. [PMID: 29914717 PMCID: PMC6129390 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. is experiencing an alarming opioid epidemic, and although American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) are especially hard hit, there is a paucity of opioid-related treatment research with these communities. AI/ANs are second only to Whites in the U.S. for overdose mortality. Thus, the National Institute on Drug Abuse convened a meeting of key stakeholders to elicit feedback on the acceptability and uptake of medication assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorders (OUDs) among AI/ANs. Five themes from this one-day meeting emerged: 1) the mismatch between Western secular and reductionistic medicine and the AI/AN holistic healing tradition; 2) the need to integrate MAT into AI/AN traditional healing; 3) the conflict between standardized MAT delivery and the traditional AI/AN desire for healing to include being medicine free; 4) systemic barriers; and 5) the need to improve research with AI/ANs using culturally relevant methods. Discussion is organized around key implementation strategies informed by these themes and necessary for the successful adoption of MAT in AI/AN communities: 1) type of medication; 2) educational interventions; 3) coordination of care; and 4) adjunctive psychosocial counseling. Using a community-based participatory research approach is consistent with a "two eyed seeing" approach that integrates Western and Indigenous worldviews. Such an approach is needed to develop impactful research in collaboration with AI/AN communities to address OUD health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla L Venner
- Department of Psychology and Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Dennis M Donovan
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Institute and Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1107 NE 45th Street, Suite 120, Seattle, WA 98105-4631, USA
| | - Aimee N C Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Room 3719, Box 120, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dennis C Wendt
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Institute and Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1107 NE 45th Street, Suite 120, Seattle, WA 98105-4631, USA
| | - Traci Rieckmann
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sandra M Radin
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Institute and Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1107 NE 45th Street, Suite 120, Seattle, WA 98105-4631, USA
| | - Sandra L Momper
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carmen L Rosa
- Center for the Clinical Trials Network, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Levy S, Mountain-Ray S, Reynolds J, Mendes SJ, Bromberg J. A novel approach to treating adolescents with opioid use disorder in pediatric primary care. Subst Abus 2018; 39:173-181. [DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2018.1455165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Levy
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Pediatric Physicians Organization at Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Shannon Mountain-Ray
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Pediatric Physicians Organization at Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Wareham Pediatric Associates, Wareham, MA
| | - Jason Reynolds
- Pediatric Physicians Organization at Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Wareham Pediatric Associates, Wareham, MA
| | - Steven J. Mendes
- Pediatric Physicians Organization at Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Wareham Pediatric Associates, Wareham, MA
| | - Jonas Bromberg
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Pediatric Physicians Organization at Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Abstract
The prescribing of opioid analgesics for pain management-particularly for management of chronic noncancer pain (CNCP)-has increased more than fourfold in the United States since the mid-1990s. Yet there is mounting evidence that opioids have only limited effectiveness in the management of CNCP, and the increased availability of prescribed opioids has contributed to upsurges in opioid-related addiction cases and overdose deaths. These concerns have led to critical revisiting and modification of prior pain management practices (e.g., guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), but the much-needed changes in clinical practice will be facilitated by a better understanding of the pharmacology and behavioral effects of opioids that underlie both their therapeutic effects (analgesia) and their adverse effects (addiction and overdose). With these goals in mind, this review first presents an overview of the contemporary problems associated with opioid management of CNCP and the related public health issues of opioid diversion, overdose, and addiction. It then discusses the pharmacology underlying the therapeutic and main adverse effects of opioids and its implications for clinical management of CNCP within the framework of recent clinical guidelines for prescribing opioids in the management of CNCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, Maryland 20852;
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
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