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Ran F, Wang Y, Zhang G, Guo H, Li J, Zhang X, Wu Z, Bi L. Whole-transcriptome sequencing of phagocytes reveals a ceRNA network contributing to natural resistance to tuberculosis infection. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106681. [PMID: 38754565 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major fatal infectious disease globally, exhibiting high morbidity rates and impacting public health and other socio-economic factors. However, some individuals are resistant to TB infection and are referred to as "Resisters". Resisters remain uninfected even after exposure to high load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). To delineate this further, this study aimed to investigate the factors and mechanisms influencing the Mtb resistance phenotype. We assayed the phagocytic capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from Resisters, patients with latent TB infection (LTBI), and patients with active TB (ATB), following infection with fluorescent Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Phagocytosis was stronger in PBMCs from ATB patients, and comparable in LTBI patients and Resisters. Subsequently, phagocytes were isolated and subjected to whole transcriptome sequencing and small RNA sequencing to analyze transcriptional expression profiles and identify potential targets associated with the resistance phenotype. The results revealed that a total of 277 mRNAs, 589 long non-coding RNAs, 523 circular RNAs, and 35 microRNAs were differentially expressed in Resisters and LTBI patients. Further, the endogenous competitive RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed from differentially expressed genes after screening. Bioinformatics, statistical analysis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used for the identification and validation of potential crucial targets in the ceRNA network. As a result, we obtained a ceRNA network that contributes to the resistance phenotype. TCONS_00034796-F3, ENST00000629441-DDX43, hsa-ATAD3A_0003-CYP17A1, and XR_932996.2-CERS1 may be crucial association pairs for resistance to TB infection. Overall, this study demonstrated that the phagocytic capacity of PBMCs was not a determinant of the resistance phenotype and that some non-coding RNAs could be involved in the natural resistance to TB infection through a ceRNA mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlei Ran
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Yaguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; TB Healthcare Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Guoqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- TB Healthcare Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Zhilong Wu
- Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Lijun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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2
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Kaufmann SHE. Vaccine development against tuberculosis before and after Covid-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273938. [PMID: 38035095 PMCID: PMC10684952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has not only shaped awareness of the impact of infectious diseases on global health. It has also provided instructive lessons for better prevention strategies against new and current infectious diseases of major importance. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major current health threat caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which has claimed more lives than any other pathogen over the last few centuries. Hence, better intervention measures, notably novel vaccines, are urgently needed to accomplish the goal of the World Health Organization to end TB by 2030. This article describes how the research and development of TB vaccines can benefit from recent developments in the Covid-19 vaccine pipeline from research to clinical development and outlines how the field of TB research can pursue its own approaches. It begins with a brief discussion of major vaccine platforms in general terms followed by a short description of the most widely applied Covid-19 vaccines. Next, different vaccination regimes and particular hurdles for TB vaccine research and development are described. This specifically considers the complex immune mechanisms underlying protection and pathology in TB which involve innate as well as acquired immune mechanisms and strongly depend on fine tuning the response. A brief description of the TB vaccine candidates that have entered clinical trials follows. Finally, it discusses how experiences from Covid-19 vaccine research, development, and rollout can and have been applied to the TB vaccine pipeline, emphasizing similarities and dissimilarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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3
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Palma Albornoz SP, Fraga-Silva TF, de Carvalho RV, Rodrigues TS, Gembre AF, de Oliveira RS, de Souza FM, Corrêa GF, Ramalho LN, Carlos D, de Almeida DC, Câmara NO, Zamboni DS, Takahashi VN, Sorgi CA, Faccioli LH, Medeiros AI, Costa DL, Bonato VL. Cell death induced by NLRP3-palmitate axis impairs pulmonary damage tolerance and aggravates immunopathology during obesity-tuberculosis comorbidity. J Pathol 2023; 259:291-303. [PMID: 36441400 DOI: 10.1002/path.6041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A low-grade and persistent inflammation, which is the hallmark of obesity, requires the participation of NLRP3 and cell death. During Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, NLRP3 signaling is important for bacterial killing by macrophages in vitro but was shown to be dispensable for host protection in vivo. We hypothesized that during obesity-tuberculosis (TB) comorbidity, NLRP3 signaling might play a detrimental role by inducing excessive inflammation. We employed a model of high-fat-diet-induced obesity, followed by M. tuberculosis infection in C57BL/6 mice. Obese mice presented increased susceptibility to infection and pulmonary immunopathology compared to lean mice. Using treatment with NLRP3 antagonist and Nlrp3-/- mice, we showed that NLRP3 signaling promoted cell death, with no effect in bacterial loads. The levels of palmitate were higher in the lungs of obese infected mice compared to lean counterparts, and we observed that this lipid increased M. tuberculosis-induced macrophage death in vitro, which was dependent on NLRP3 and caspase-1. At the chronic phase, although lungs of obese Nlrp3-/- mice showed an indication of granuloma formation compared to obese wild-type mice, there was no difference in the bacterial load. Our findings indicate that NLRP3 may be a potential target for host-directed therapy to reduce initial and severe inflammation-mediated disease and to treat comorbidity-associated TB. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Palma Albornoz
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Fc Fraga-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Vh de Carvalho
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamara S Rodrigues
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Gembre
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Silva de Oliveira
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mesquita de Souza
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giseli Furlan Corrêa
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandra Nz Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carlos
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo C de Almeida
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Os Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dario S Zamboni
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviani Nardini Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Sorgi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia H Faccioli
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I Medeiros
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Luís Costa
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia Ld Bonato
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Tripathi D, Devalraju KP, Neela VSK, Mukherjee T, Paidipally P, Radhakrishnan RK, Dozmorov I, Vankayalapati A, Ansari MS, Mallidi V, Bogam AK, Singh KP, Samten B, Valluri VL, Vankayalapati R. Metabolites enhance innate resistance to human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152357. [PMID: 36509283 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the mechanisms that mediate resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection in household contacts (HHCs) of patients with tuberculosis (TB), we followed 452 latent TB infection-negative (LTBI-) HHCs for 2 years. Those who remained LTBI- throughout the study were identified as nonconverters. At baseline, nonconverters had a higher percentage of CD14+ and CD3-CD56+CD27+CCR7+ memory-like natural killer (NK) cells. Using a whole-transcriptome and metabolomic approach, we identified deoxycorticosterone acetate as a metabolite with elevated concentrations in the plasma of nonconverters, and further studies showed that this metabolite enhanced glycolytic ATP flux in macrophages and restricted M. tuberculosis growth by enhancing antimicrobial peptide production through the expression of the surface receptor sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin-14. Another metabolite, 4-hydroxypyridine, from the plasma of nonconverters significantly enhanced the expansion of memory-like NK cells. Our findings demonstrate that increased levels of specific metabolites can regulate innate resistance against M. tuberculosis infection in HHCs of patients with TB who never develop LTBI or active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Abhinav Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammad Soheb Ansari
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Varalakshmi Mallidi
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anvesh Kumar Bogam
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Karan P Singh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Buka Samten
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Valluri
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
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5
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Herrera M, Keynan Y, McLaren PJ, Isaza JP, Abrenica B, López L, Marin D, Rueda ZV. Gene expression profiling identifies candidate biomarkers for new latent tuberculosis infections. A cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274257. [PMID: 36170228 PMCID: PMC9518923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the gene expression profile in individuals with new latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and to compare them with people with active tuberculosis (TB) and those exposed to TB but not infected. Design A prospective cohort study. Recruitment and follow-up were conducted between September 2016 to December 2018. Gene expression and data processing and analysis from April 2019 to April 2021. Setting Two male Colombian prisons. Participants 15 new tuberculin skin test (TST) converters (negative TST at baseline that became positive during follow-up), 11 people that continued with a negative TST after two years of follow-up, and 10 people with pulmonary ATB. Main outcome measures Gene expression profile using RNA sequencing from PBMC samples. The differential expression was assessed using the DESeq2 package in Bioconductor. Genes with |logFC| >1.0 and an adjusted p-value < 0.1 were differentially expressed. We analyzed the differences in the enrichment of KEGG pathways in each group using InterMiner. Results The gene expression was affected by the time of incarceration. We identified group-specific differentially expressed genes between the groups: 289 genes in people with a new LTBI and short incarceration (less than three months of incarceration), 117 in those with LTBI and long incarceration (one or more years of incarceration), 26 in ATB, and 276 in the exposed but non-infected individuals. Four pathways encompassed the largest number of down and up-regulated genes among individuals with LTBI and short incarceration: cytokine signaling, signal transduction, neutrophil degranulation, and innate immune system. In individuals with LTBI and long incarceration, the only enriched pathway within up-regulated genes was Emi1 phosphorylation. Conclusions Recent infection with MTB is associated with an identifiable RNA pattern related to innate immune system pathways that can be used to prioritize LTBI treatment for those at greatest risk for developing active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Herrera
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Doctorado en Epidemiologia, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yoav Keynan
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Paul J. McLaren
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Isaza
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Bernard Abrenica
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lucelly López
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Marin
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Zulma Vanessa Rueda
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Hiemstra AM, MacDonald CE, van Rensburg IC, Stanley K, Maasdorp E, Mc Anda S, Tönsing S, Shaw JA, Tromp G, van der Spuy GD, Urdahl KB, Lewinsohn DM, Kuivaniemi H, Du Plessis N, Malherbe ST, Walzl G. Cascade Immune Mechanisms of Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (IMPAc-TB): study protocol for the Household Contact Study in the Western Cape, South Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:381. [PMID: 35428268 PMCID: PMC9012070 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis exists, and > 90% of those infected remain disease-free. Innate and adaptive immune responses required to mediate such protection against tuberculosis (TB) are, however, poorly understood. Methods This is an analytical study exploring protective and non-protective pathways of immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Adults without HIV infection are recruited at community healthcare clinics in high TB incidence areas of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Data regarding participants’ medical, social and medication usage will be collected, and clinical examinations and point-of-care tests documented. Reference tests for TB (chest radiographs and sputum tests for GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra®, Auramine smear and liquid cultures) and investigations to classify infection states [interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) and SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nasopharyngeal swab and IgG], are done on all participants who meet the inclusion criteria. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computerized tomography will be done on all close contacts (contacts) and healthy control (controls) participants. Participants are divided into 12 study groups representing a spectrum of TB clinical phenotypes and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection based on their TB status, exposure history, results of IGRA test at baseline and 3 months, SARS-CoV-2 serology, and PCR results, and for contacts and controls, PET-CT imaging findings indicative of sub-clinical TB lesions. Samples for experimental assays include whole blood for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and blood in PAXgene® tubes for RNA isolation. All SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative study participants undergo bronchoscopy for collecting bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Discussion The paired blood and BAL samples will be used for comprehensive analyses of the tissue-specific and systemic immunity that will include e.g., cytometry by time-of-flight analyses, RNA-sequencing, multiplex immunoassays, epigenetic analysis, and mechanistic studies of control of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results will be integrated with those from mice and non-human primate studies to provide a comprehensive analysis of protective pathways in natural and vaccine-induced immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07349-8.
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7
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Sivakumaran D, Jenum S, Ritz C, Vaz M, Doherty TM, Grewal HMS. Improving Assignments for Therapeutic and Prophylactic Treatment Within TB Households. A Potential for Immuno-Diagnosis? Front Immunol 2022; 13:801616. [PMID: 35401549 PMCID: PMC8993507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.801616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Delays in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) can lead to more severe disease and increased transmission. Contact investigation among household contacts (HHCs) of TB patients is crucial to ensure optimal outcomes. In the context of a prospective cohort study in Palamaner, Southern India, this study attempted to assess the potential of 27 different soluble immune markers to accurately assign HHCs for appropriate treatment. A multiplex bead assay was applied on QuantiFERON (QFT)-nil supernatants collected from 89 HHCs grouped by longitudinal QFT status; M. tuberculosis (Mtb) infected (QFT positive at baseline and follow-up, n = 30), recent QFT converters (QFT-negative at baseline, n = 27) and converted to QFT-positivity within 6 months of exposure (at follow-up, n = 24) and QFT consistent negatives (n = 32). The 29 TB index cases represented Active TB. Active TB cases and HHCs with Mtb infection produced significantly different levels of both pro-inflammatory (IFNγ, IL17, IL8, IP10, MIP-1α, MIP1β, and VEGF) and anti-inflammatory (IL9 and IL1RA) cytokines. We identified a 4-protein signature (bFGF, IFNγ, IL9, and IP10) that correctly classified HHCs with Mtb infection vs. Active TB with a specificity of 92.6%, suggesting that this 4-protein signature has the potential to assign HHCs for either full-length TB treatment or preventive TB treatment. We further identified a 4-protein signature (bFGF, GCSF, IFNγ, and IL1RA) that differentiated HHCs with Mtb infection from QFT consistent negatives with a specificity of 62.5%, but not satisfactory to safely assign HHCs to no preventive TB treatment. QFT conversion, reflecting new Mtb infection, induced an elevated median concentration in nearly two-thirds (19/27) of the analyzed soluble markers compared to the levels measured at baseline. Validation in other studies is warranted in order to establish the potential of the immune biosignatures for optimized TB case detection and assignment to therapeutic and preventive treatment of Mtb infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanasekaran Sivakumaran
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Synne Jenum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Harleen M. S. Grewal, ; Synne Jenum,
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mario Vaz
- Department of Physiology, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
- Division of Health and Humanities, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Harleen M. S. Grewal
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Harleen M. S. Grewal, ; Synne Jenum,
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8
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Diallo D, Somboro AM, Diabate S, Baya B, Kone A, Sarro YS, Kone B, Diarra B, Diallo S, Diakite M, Doumbia S, Toloba Y, Murphy RL, Maiga M. Antituberculosis Therapy and Gut Microbiota: Review of Potential Host Microbiota Directed-Therapies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:673100. [PMID: 34950603 PMCID: PMC8688706 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.673100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern with millions of deaths every year. The overlap with HIV infections, long treatment duration, and the emergence of drug resistance are significant obstacles to the control of the disease. Indeed, the standard first-line regimen TB treatment takes at least six months and even longer for the second-line therapy, resulting in relapses, drug resistance and re-infections. Many recent reports have also shown prolonged and significant damage of the gut microbial community (dysbiosis) from anti-TB drugs that can detrimentally persist several months after the cessation of treatment and could lead to the impairment of the immune response, and thus re-infections and drug resistance. A proposed strategy for shortening the treatment duration is thus to apply corrective measures to the dysbiosis for a faster bacterial clearance and a better treatment outcome. In this review, we will study the role of the gut microbiota in both TB infection and treatment, and its potential link with treatment duration. We will also discuss, the new concept of "Host Microbiota Directed-Therapies (HMDT)" as a potential adjunctive strategy to improve the treatment effectiveness, reduce its duration and or prevent relapses. These strategies include the use of probiotics, prebiotics, gut microbiota transfer, and other strategies. Application of this innovative solution could lead to HMDT as an adjunctive tool to shorten TB treatment, which will have enormous public health impacts for the End TB Strategy worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dramane Diallo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Anou M Somboro
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Seydou Diabate
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Bacar Baya
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou Kone
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Yeya S Sarro
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Bourahima Kone
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Bassirou Diarra
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Souleymane Diallo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou Diakite
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Yacouba Toloba
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Robert L Murphy
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mamoudou Maiga
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali.,Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Rijnink WF, Ottenhoff THM, Joosten SA. B-Cells and Antibodies as Contributors to Effector Immune Responses in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640168. [PMID: 33679802 PMCID: PMC7930078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is still a major threat to mankind, urgently requiring improved vaccination and therapeutic strategies to reduce TB-disease burden. Most present vaccination strategies mainly aim to induce cell-mediated immunity (CMI), yet a series of independent studies has shown that B-cells and antibodies (Abs) may contribute significantly to reduce the mycobacterial burden. Although early studies using B-cell knock out animals did not support a major role for B-cells, more recent studies have provided new evidence that B-cells and Abs can contribute significantly to host defense against Mtb. B-cells and Abs exist in many different functional subsets, each equipped with unique functional properties. In this review, we will summarize current evidence on the contribution of B-cells and Abs to immunity toward Mtb, their potential utility as biomarkers, and their functional contribution to Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn F Rijnink
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Chen ZY, Wang L, Gu L, Qu R, Lowrie DB, Hu Z, Sha W, Fan XY. Decreased Expression of CD69 on T Cells in Tuberculosis Infection Resisters. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1901. [PMID: 32849474 PMCID: PMC7426741 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD69 is a biomarker of T-cell activation status, but its activation status in human Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection remains elusive. METHODS A set of cohorts of patients with different tuberculosis (TB) infection status including active TB patients (ATB), latent tuberculous infection patients (LTBI) and close contacts (CCs) of ATB was designed, and the expression profiles of CD69 and several T-cell markers were determined on Mtb antigen-stimulated T cells by flow cytometry. RESULTS The frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were both comparable among Mtb-infected individuals including ATB and LTBI, which guaranteed the consistency of the background level. A t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (tSNE) analysis on a panel of six phenotypic markers showed a unique color map axis gated on T cells in the CCs group compared with ATB and LTBI populations. By further gating on cells positive for each individual marker and then overlaying those events on top of the tSNE plots, their distribution suggested that some markers were expressed differently in the CCs group. Further analysis showed that the expression levels of CD69 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly lower in the CCs group, especially in interferon-γ-responding T cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the T-cell activation status of CD69 is associated with Mtb infection and may have the potential to distinguish LTBI from those populations who have been exposed continuously to Mtb but have not become infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yan Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Gu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Qu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Douglas B. Lowrie
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhidong Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sha
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Fan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Institute, Shanghai, China
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Kaufmann SHE. Vaccination Against Tuberculosis: Revamping BCG by Molecular Genetics Guided by Immunology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:316. [PMID: 32174919 PMCID: PMC7056705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health threat. Although a vaccine has been available for almost 100 years termed Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), it is insufficient and better vaccines are urgently needed. This treatise describes first the basic immunology and pathology of TB with an emphasis on the role of T lymphocytes. Better understanding of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) serves as blueprint for rational design of TB vaccines. Then, disease epidemiology and the benefits and failures of BCG vaccination will be presented. Next, types of novel vaccine candidates are being discussed. These include: (i) antigen/adjuvant subunit vaccines; (ii) viral vectored vaccines; and (III) whole cell mycobacterial vaccines which come as live recombinant vaccines or as dead whole cell or multi-component vaccines. Subsequently, the major endpoints of clinical trials as well as administration schemes are being described. Major endpoints for clinical trials are prevention of infection (PoI), prevention of disease (PoD), and prevention of recurrence (PoR). Vaccines can be administered either pre-exposure or post-exposure with Mtb. A central part of this treatise is the description of the viable BCG-based vaccine, VPM1002, currently undergoing phase III clinical trial assessment. Finally, new approaches which could facilitate design of refined next generation TB vaccines will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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