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Abdelmalek CM, Singh S, Fasil B, Horvath AR, Mulkey SB, Curé C, Campos M, Cavalcanti DP, Tong VT, Mercado M, Daza M, Marcela Benavides M, Acosta J, Gilboa S, Valencia D, Sancken CL, Newton S, Scalabrin DMF, Mussi-Pinhata MM, Vasconcelos Z, Chakhtoura N, Moye J, Leslie EJ, Bulas D, Vezina G, Marques FJP, Leyser M, Del Campo M, Vilain E, DeBiasi RL, Wang T, Nath A, Haydar T, Muenke M, Mansour TA, du Plessis AJ, Murray JC, Cordero JF, Kousa YA. Building a growing genomic data repository for maternal and fetal health through the PING Consortium. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.24.24307899. [PMID: 38826415 PMCID: PMC11142296 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.24307899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Prenatally transmitted viruses can cause severe damage to the developing brain. There is unexplained variability in prenatal brain injury and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes, suggesting disease modifiers. Discordant outcomes among dizygotic twins could be explained by genetic susceptibly or protection. Among several well-recognized threats to the developing brain, Zika is a mosquito-borne, positive-stranded RNA virus that was originally isolated in Uganda and spread to cause epidemics in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. In the Americas, the virus caused congenital Zika syndrome and a multitude of neurodevelopmental disorders. As of now, there is no preventative treatment or cure for the adverse outcomes caused by prenatal Zika infection. The Prenatal Infection and Neurodevelopmental Genetics (PING) Consortium was initiated in 2016 to identify factors modulating prenatal brain injury and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes for Zika and other prenatal viral infections. Methods The Consortium has pooled information from eight multi-site studies conducted at 23 research centers in six countries to build a growing clinical and genomic data repository. This repository is being mined to search for modifiers of virally induced brain injury and developmental outcomes. Multilateral partnerships include commitments with Children's National Hospital (USA), Instituto Nacional de Salud (Colombia), the Natural History of Zika Virus Infection in Gestation program (Brazil), and Zika Instituto Fernandes Figueira (Brazil), in addition to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health. Discussion Our goal in bringing together these sets of patient data was to test the hypothesis that personal and populational genetic differences affect the severity of brain injury after a prenatal viral infection and modify neurodevelopmental outcomes. We have enrolled 4,102 mothers and 3,877 infants with 3,063 biological samples and clinical data covering over 80 phenotypic fields and 5,000 variables. There were several notable challenges in bringing together cohorts enrolled in different studies, including variability in the timepoints evaluated and the collected clinical data and biospecimens. Thus far, we have performed whole exome sequencing on 1,226 participants. Here, we present the Consortium's formation and the overarching study design. We began our investigation with prenatal Zika infection with the goal of applying this knowledge to other prenatal infections and exposures that can affect brain development.
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Kharwadkar S, Herath N. Clinical manifestations of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in the Pacific Islands: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2521. [PMID: 38340071 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Dengue, Zika and chikungunya outbreaks pose a significant public health risk to Pacific Island communities. Differential diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping clinical features and limited availability of laboratory diagnostic facilities. There is also insufficient information regarding the complications of these arboviruses, particularly for Zika and chikungunya. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to calculate pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the clinical manifestations of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in the Pacific Islands. Based on pooled prevalence estimates, clinical features that may help to differentiate between the arboviruses include headache, haemorrhage and hepatomegaly in dengue; rash, conjunctivitis and peripheral oedema in Zika; and the combination of fever and arthralgia in chikungunya infections. We estimated that the hospitalisation and mortality rates in dengue were 9.90% (95% CI 7.67-12.37) and 0.23% (95% CI 0.16-0.31), respectively. Severe forms of dengue occurred in 1.92% (95% CI 0.72-3.63) of reported cases and 23.23% (95% CI 13.58-34.53) of hospitalised patients. Complications associated with Zika virus included Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), estimated to occur in 14.08 (95% CI 11.71-16.66) per 10,000 reported cases, and congenital brain malformations such as microcephaly, particularly with first trimester maternal infection. For chikungunya, the hospitalisation rate was 2.57% (95% CI 1.30-4.25) and the risk of GBS was estimated at 1.70 (95% CI 1.06-2.48) per 10,000 reported cases. Whilst ongoing research is required, this systematic review enhances existing knowledge on the clinical manifestations of dengue, Zika and chikungunya infections and will assist Pacific Island clinicians during future arbovirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kharwadkar
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nipun Herath
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Juhas M. Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases. BRIEF LESSONS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2023:111-122. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29544-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Thompson D, Guenther B, Manayani D, Mendy J, Smith J, Espinosa DA, Harris E, Alexander J, Vang L, Morello CS. Zika virus-like particle vaccine fusion loop mutation increases production yield but fails to protect AG129 mice against Zika virus challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010588. [PMID: 35793354 PMCID: PMC9292115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with maternal infection associated with preterm birth, congenital malformations, and fetal death, and adult infection associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Recent widespread endemic transmission of ZIKV and the potential for future outbreaks necessitate the development of an effective vaccine. We developed a ZIKV vaccine candidate based on virus-like-particles (VLPs) generated following transfection of mammalian HEK293T cells using a plasmid encoding the pre-membrane/membrane (prM/M) and envelope (E) structural protein genes. VLPs were collected from cell culture supernatant and purified by column chromatography with yields of approximately 1-2mg/L. To promote increased particle yields, a single amino acid change of phenylalanine to alanine was made in the E fusion loop at position 108 (F108A) of the lead VLP vaccine candidate. This mutation resulted in a modest 2-fold increase in F108A VLP production with no detectable prM processing by furin to a mature particle, in contrast to the lead candidate (parent). To evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy, AG129 mice were immunized with a dose titration of either the immature F108A or lead VLP (each alum adjuvanted). The resulting VLP-specific binding antibody (Ab) levels were comparable. However, geometric mean neutralizing Ab (nAb) titers using a recombinant ZIKV reporter were significantly lower with F108A immunization compared to lead. After virus challenge, all lead VLP-immunized groups showed a significant 3- to 4-Log10 reduction in mean ZIKV RNAemia levels compared with control mice immunized only with alum, but the RNAemia reduction of 0.5 Log10 for F108A groups was statistically similar to the control. Successful viral control by the lead VLP candidate following challenge supports further vaccine development for this candidate. Notably, nAb titer levels in the lead, but not F108A, VLP-immunized mice inversely correlated with RNAemia. Further evaluation of sera by an in vitro Ab-dependent enhancement assay demonstrated that the F108A VLP-induced immune sera had a significantly higher capacity to promote ZIKV infection in FcγR-expressing cells. These data indicate that a single amino acid change in the fusion loop resulted in increased VLP yields but that the immature F108A particles were significantly diminished in their capacity to induce nAbs and provide protection against ZIKV challenge. Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted by mosquitoes and is a serious health threat due to potential epidemic spread. Infection in adults may lead to Guillain-Barré syndrome, a neurological disorder, or may cause harm to a developing fetus resulting in preterm birth, fetal death, or devastating congenital malformations. There are currently no approved vaccines against ZIKV. We previously developed a lead candidate vaccine based on a virus-like particle (VLP) that was generated in tissue culture. This ZIKV shell is devoid of any viral genetic material. In previous studies, this lead VLP candidate generated neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that recognized wild-type ZIKV and prevented viral replication in both mice and non-human primates. To increase production of the lead VLP candidate and decrease cost-of-goods, we introduced a single amino acid change, phenylalanine to alanine, in the envelope glycoprotein. This change resulted in a modest increase in VLP yield. However, this single amino acid change resulted in reduced induction of nAbs following immunization and no significant reduction of RNAemia following challenge compared to the lead candidate. The results of this study suggest this investigational vaccine candidate is not suitable for further vaccine development and that ZIKV VLP maturation may have an important role in protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Thompson
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ben Guenther
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Darly Manayani
- PaxVax Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Mendy
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Smith
- PaxVax Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Diego A. Espinosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jeff Alexander
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- PaxVax Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lo Vang
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
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Aladawi M, Elfil M, Abu-Esheh B, Abu Jazar D, Armouti A, Bayoumi A, Piccione E. Guillain Barre Syndrome as a Complication of COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Can J Neurol Sci 2022; 49:38-48. [PMID: 33949300 PMCID: PMC8267336 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2021.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In January 2020, the first case of Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) due to COVID-19 was documented in China. GBS is known to be postinfectious following several types of infections. Although causality can only be proven through large epidemiological studies, we intended to study this association by a thorough review of the literature. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Google scholar and included all papers with English or Spanish full text and original data of patients with GBS and recent COVID infection. Variables of interest were demographics, diagnostic investigations, and the latency between arboviral and neurological symptoms. Further variables were pooled to identify GBS clinical and electrophysiological variants, used treatments, and outcomes. The certainty of GBS diagnosis was verified using Brighton criteria. RESULTS We identified a total of 109 GBS cases. Ninety-nine cases had confirmed COVID-19 infection with an average age of 56.07 years. The average latency period between the arboviral symptoms and neurologic manifestations for confirmed COVID-19 cases was 12.2 d. The predominant GBS clinical and electromyography variants were the classical sensorimotor GBS and acute demyelinating polyneuropathy respectively. Forty cases required intensive care, 33 cases required mechanical ventilation, and 6 cases were complicated by death. CONCLUSIONS Studies on COVID-19-related GBS commonly reported sensorimotor demyelinating GBS with frequent facial palsy. The time between the onset of infectious and neurological symptoms suggests a postinfectious mechanism. Early diagnosis of GBS in COVID-19 patients is important as it might be associated with a severe disease course requiring intensive care and mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aladawi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mohamed Elfil
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Baha Abu-Esheh
- Department of Neurology, Mercy Hospital, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Deaa Abu Jazar
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch – Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Ahmad Armouti
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ahmed Bayoumi
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ezequiel Piccione
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Siddharthan V, Wang H, de Oliveira AL, Dai X, Morrey JD. Memantine treatment reduces the incidence of flaccid paralysis in a zika virus mouse model of temporary paralysis with similarities to Guillain-Barré syndrome. Antivir Chem Chemother 2021; 28:2040206620950143. [PMID: 34161179 PMCID: PMC7432970 DOI: 10.1177/2040206620950143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that Zika virus contributes to Guillain-Barré syndrome that
causes temporary paralysis. We utilized a recently described Zika virus mouse model of
temporary flaccid paralysis to address the hypothesis that treatment with an
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, memantine, can reduce the
incidence of paralysis. Aged interferon alpha/beta-receptor knockout mice were used
because of their sublethal susceptibility to Zika virus infection. Fifteen to twenty-five
percent of mice infected with a Puerto Rico strain of Zika virus develop acute flaccid
paralysis beginning at days 8–9 and peaked at days 10–12. Mice recover from paralysis
within a week of onset. In two independent studies, twice daily oral administration of
memantine at 60 mg/kg/day on days 4 through 9 after viral challenge significantly reduced
the incidence of paralysis. No efficacy was observed with treatments from days 9 through
12. Memantine treatment in cell culture or mice did not affect viral titers. These data
indicate that early treatment of memantine before onset of paralysis is efficacious, but
treatments beyond the onset of paralysis were not efficacious. The effect of this
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist on the incidence of Zika virus-induced paralysis
may provide guidance for investigations on the mechanism of paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatraman Siddharthan
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | - Xin Dai
- Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - John D Morrey
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Vang L, Morello CS, Mendy J, Thompson D, Manayani D, Guenther B, Julander J, Sanford D, Jain A, Patel A, Shabram P, Smith J, Alexander J. Zika virus-like particle vaccine protects AG129 mice and rhesus macaques against Zika virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009195. [PMID: 33711018 PMCID: PMC7990201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a re-emerging virus that constitutes a public health threat due to its recent global spread, recurrent outbreaks, and infections that are associated with neurological abnormalities in developing fetuses and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. To date, there are no approved vaccines against ZIKV infection. Various preclinical and clinical development programs are currently ongoing in an effort to bring forward a vaccine for ZIKV. Methodology/Principle findings We have developed a ZIKV vaccine candidate based on Virus-Like-Particles (VLPs) produced in HEK293 mammalian cells using the prM (a precursor to M protein) and envelope (E) structural protein genes from ZIKV. Transient transfection of cells via plasmid and electroporation produced VLPs which were subsequently purified by column chromatography yielding approximately 2mg/L. Initially, immunogenicity and efficacy were evaluated in AG129 mice using a dose titration of VLP with and without Alhydrogel 2% (alum) adjuvant. We found that VLP with and without alum elicited ZIKV-specific serum neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and that titers correlated with protection. A follow-up immunogenicity and efficacy study in rhesus macaques was performed using VLP formulated with alum. Multiple neutralization assay methods were performed on immune sera including a plaque reduction neutralization test, a microneutralization assay, and a Zika virus Renilla luciferase neutralization assay. All of these assays indicate that following immunization, VLP induces high titer nAbs which correlate with protection against ZIKV challenge. Conclusions/Significance These studies confirm that ZIKV VLPs could be efficiently generated and purified. Upon VLP immunization, in both mice and NHPs, nAb was induced that correlate with protection against ZIKV challenge. These studies support translational efforts in developing a ZIKV VLP vaccine for evaluation in human clinical trials. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a significant global health threat particularly due to the speed in which epidemics can occur. The resulting infections have been demonstrated to harm a developing fetus and, in some adults, be a co-factor for the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome. ZIKV is typically spread by the Aedes mosquito, but sexual transmission is also possible. We sought to develop a ZIKV prophylactic vaccine based on surface glycoproteins of the virus that would be devoid of any viral genetic material. This Virus-Like-Particle (VLP) was generated in vitro following introduction of plasmid DNA encoding Zika structural protein (prM-E) genes into mammalian cells. The aluminum-adjuvanted VLP induced nAbs in mice and nonhuman primates and protected against ZIKV challenge in vivo. These studies support the evaluation of this VLP candidate vaccine in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lo Vang
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Jason Mendy
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danielle Thompson
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Darly Manayani
- PaxVax Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America (PaxVax was acquired by Emergent BioSolutions Inc. Oct 2018)
| | - Ben Guenther
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Justin Julander
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Daniel Sanford
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amit Jain
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amish Patel
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul Shabram
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Smith
- PaxVax Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America (PaxVax was acquired by Emergent BioSolutions Inc. Oct 2018)
| | - Jeff Alexander
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- PaxVax Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America (PaxVax was acquired by Emergent BioSolutions Inc. Oct 2018)
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Silva RN, Goulart CDL, Oliveira MR, Tacao GY, Back GD, Severin R, Faghy MA, Arena R, Borghi-Silva A. Cardiorespiratory and skeletal muscle damage due to COVID-19: making the urgent case for rehabilitation. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:1107-1120. [PMID: 33606567 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1893169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has become increasingly evident that COVID-19 contributes to multiorgan pathophysiology. The systemic inflammatory response increases both pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels, leading to immune dysregulation and increasing the likelihood of incurring cardiac and pulmonary injuries. AREAS COVERED Longer periods of hospitalization (~20 days) increase susceptibility to ICU-acquired muscle weakness and deconditioning, which decreases muscle function and functional capacity. These conditions affect the quality of life in the post-COVID-19 period and require multi-disciplinary approaches to rehabilitate the cardiopulmonary and musculoskeletal systems of these patients. In this context, this narrative review, which included articles published in the Embase, PEDro and PubMed databases up to December 2020, is focused on discussing the essential role of exercise and rehabilitation health professionals in the COVID-19 recovery process, from hospitalization to hospital discharge, addressing strategies for professionals to mitigate the cardiac and pulmonary impairments associated with hospitalization to home or ambulatory rehabilitation, purposing ways to conduct rehabilitation programs to restore their functional status and quality of life after the infection. EXPERT OPINION In the current environment, these findings further point to the vital role of rehabilitation health professionals in the coming years and the urgent need to develop strategies to assist COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Nunes Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (Ufscar), Monjolinho, Zip-code: São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cássia Da Luz Goulart
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (Ufscar), Monjolinho, Zip-code: São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo Rezende Oliveira
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (Ufscar), Monjolinho, Zip-code: São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Yassuyuki Tacao
- Department of Physiotherapy, Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Faculty of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Zip-code: Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dionir Back
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (Ufscar), Monjolinho, Zip-code: São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Richard Severin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Health Science, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Robbins College of Applied Health Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Mark A Faghy
- Department of Physical Therapy, Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department School of Human Sciences, Human Science Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Health Science, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (Ufscar), Monjolinho, Zip-code: São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mamishi S, Ashrafi MR, Mohammadi M, Zamani G, Pourakbari B, Mahmoudi S, Aziz-Ahari S. Cytomegalovirus Infection and Guillain-Barré Syndrome: The First Case-Control Study in Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2021; 15:35-41. [PMID: 34782840 PMCID: PMC8570627 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v15i4.31285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nervous system affecting all age groups around the world. Although the pathogenesis and optimal treatment of GBS have not yet been completely identified, one of the most common infectious diseases to trigger the syndrome is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The GBS following CMV infection is rarely reported in childhood, and there have been no data on GBS with antecedent CMV infection in children in Iran. The current study aimed to evaluate the association between CMV infection and GBS in children in Iran. MATERIALS & METHODS The case-control study design was used for 30 GBS cases and 30 matched controls. All the serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EUROIMMUN Medizinische, Germany). The CMV viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the specimen was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Cytomegalovirus PCR Detection Kit, CinnaGen Co., Iran). RESULTS Anti-CMV IgG antibodies were detected in 97% of the GBS patients and 93% of the healthy controls. Anti-CMV IgM antibodies were demonstrated in 33% of the healthy controls (n=10) and 33% of the GBS children (n=10). The borderline level of anti-CMV IgM antibodies was observed in 23% of the healthy controls (n=7) and 13% of the GBS children (n=4) (P=0.57). None of the specimens from both controls and GBS cases was positive for CMV DNA using PCR. CONCLUSION The obtained data demonstrated the presence of anti-CMV antibodies in the majority of both GBS patients and controls. Moreover, no relation was observed between CMV infection and GBS. However, it is highly recommended to perform further studies with a large sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Mamishi
- 1.Pediatric Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center. Tehran University Medical Science. Tehran. Iran
- 2.Pediatric infectious Research Center. Tehran University Medical Science. Tehran. Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi
- 1.Pediatric Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center. Tehran University Medical Science. Tehran. Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mohammadi
- 1.Pediatric Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center. Tehran University Medical Science. Tehran. Iran
| | - Gholamreza Zamani
- 1.Pediatric Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center. Tehran University Medical Science. Tehran. Iran
| | - Babak Pourakbari
- 2.Pediatric infectious Research Center. Tehran University Medical Science. Tehran. Iran
| | - Shima Mahmoudi
- 2.Pediatric infectious Research Center. Tehran University Medical Science. Tehran. Iran
| | - Solmaz Aziz-Ahari
- 1.Pediatric Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center. Tehran University Medical Science. Tehran. Iran
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He J, Yang L, Chang P, Yang S, Lin S, Tang Q, Wang X, Zhang YJ. Zika virus NS2A protein induces the degradation of KPNA2 (karyopherin subunit alpha 2) via chaperone-mediated autophagy. Autophagy 2020; 16:2238-2251. [PMID: 32924767 PMCID: PMC7751636 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1823122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
KPNA2/importin-alpha1 (karyopherin subunit alpha 2) is the primary nucleocytoplasmic transporter for some transcription factors to activate cellular proliferation and differentiation. Aberrant increase of KPNA2 level is identified as a prognostic marker in a variety of cancers. Yet, the turnover mechanism of KPNA2 remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that KPNA2 is degraded via the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and that Zika virus (ZIKV) enhances the KPNA2 degradation. KPNA2 contains a CMA motif, which possesses an indispensable residue Gln109 for the CMA-mediated degradation. RNAi-mediated knockdown of LAMP2A, a vital component of the CMA pathway, led to a higher level of KPNA2. Moreover, ZIKV reduced KPNA2 via the viral NS2A protein, which contains an essential residue Thr100 for inducing the CMA-mediated KPNA2 degradation. Notably, mutant ZIKV with T100A alteration in NS2A replicates much weaker than the wild-type virus. Also, knockdown of KPNA2 led to a higher ZIKV viral yield, which indicates that KPNA2 mediates certain antiviral effects. These data provide insights into the KPNA2 turnover and the ZIKV-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China,Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Liping Yang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Peixi Chang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Shixing Yang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,CONTACT Xinping Wang
| | - Shaoli Lin
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Xinping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China,Yan-Jin Zhang
Present address of Shixing Yang is School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan-Jin Zhang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,Yan-Jin Zhang
Present address of Shixing Yang is School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China.
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