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Mollica MY, Beussman KM, Kandasamy A, Rodríguez LM, Morales FR, Chen J, Manohar K, Del Álamo JC, López JA, Thomas WE, Sniadecki NJ. Distinct platelet F-actin patterns and traction forces on von Willebrand factor versus fibrinogen. Biophys J 2023; 122:3738-3748. [PMID: 37434354 PMCID: PMC10541491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon vascular injury, platelets form a hemostatic plug by binding to the subendothelium and to each other. Platelet-to-matrix binding is initially mediated by von Willebrand factor (VWF) and platelet-to-platelet binding is mediated mainly by fibrinogen and VWF. After binding, the actin cytoskeleton of a platelet drives its contraction, generating traction forces that are important to the cessation of bleeding. Our understanding of the relationship between adhesive environment, F-actin morphology, and traction forces is limited. Here, we examined F-actin morphology of platelets attached to surfaces coated with fibrinogen and VWF. We identified distinct F-actin patterns induced by these protein coatings and found that these patterns were identifiable into three classifications via machine learning: solid, nodular, and hollow. We observed that traction forces for platelets were significantly higher on VWF than on fibrinogen coatings and these forces varied by F-actin pattern. In addition, we analyzed the F-actin orientation in platelets and noted that their filaments were more circumferential when on fibrinogen coatings and having a hollow F-actin pattern, while they were more radial on VWF and having a solid F-actin pattern. Finally, we noted that subcellular localization of traction forces corresponded to protein coating and F-actin pattern: VWF-bound, solid platelets had higher forces at their central region while fibrinogen-bound, hollow platelets had higher forces at their periphery. These distinct F-actin patterns on fibrinogen and VWF and their differences in F-actin orientation, force magnitude, and force localization could have implications in hemostasis, thrombus architecture, and venous versus arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Y Mollica
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Kevin M Beussman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adithan Kandasamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Junmei Chen
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Krithika Manohar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Juan C Del Álamo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - José A López
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wendy E Thomas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Resuscitation Engineering Science Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Molecular Engineering and Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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2
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Zelená A, Blumberg J, Probst D, Gerasimaitė R, Lukinavičius G, Schwarz US, Köster S. Force generation in human blood platelets by filamentous actomyosin structures. Biophys J 2023; 122:3340-3353. [PMID: 37475214 PMCID: PMC10465724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets are central elements of the blood clotting response after wounding. Upon vessel damage, they bind to the surrounding matrix and contract the forming thrombus, thus helping to restore normal blood circulation. The hemostatic function of platelets is directly connected to their mechanics and cytoskeletal organization. The reorganization of the platelet cytoskeleton during spreading occurs within minutes and leads to the formation of contractile actomyosin bundles, but it is not known if there is a direct correlation between the emerging actin structures and the force field that is exerted to the environment. In this study, we combine fluorescence imaging of the actin structures with simultaneous traction force measurements in a time-resolved manner. In addition, we image the final states with superresolution microscopy. We find that both the force fields and the cell shapes have clear geometrical patterns defined by stress fibers. Force generation is localized in a few hotspots, which appear early during spreading, and, in the mature state, anchor stress fibers in focal adhesions. Moreover, we show that, for a gel stiffness in the physiological range, force generation is a very robust mechanism and we observe no systematic dependence on the amount of added thrombin in solution or fibrinogen coverage on the substrate, suggesting that force generation after platelet activation is a threshold phenomenon that ensures reliable thrombus contraction in diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zelená
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Blumberg
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitri Probst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rūta Gerasimaitė
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Köster
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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3
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Tsuji C, Dodding MP. Lumenal components of cytoplasmic microtubules. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1953-1962. [PMID: 36524962 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The lumen of cytoplasmic microtubules is a poorly explored expanse of intracellular space. Although typically represented in textbooks as a hollow tube, studies over several decades have shown that the microtubule lumen is occupied by a range of morphologically diverse components. These are predominantly globular particles of varying sizes which appear to exist either in isolation, bind to the microtubule wall, or form discontinuous columns that extend through the lumenal space. Actin filaments with morphologies distinct from the canonical cytoplasmic forms have also now been found within the microtubule lumen. In this review, we examine the historic literature that observed these lumenal components in tissues from diverse species and integrate it with recent cryo-electron tomography studies that have begun to identify lumenal proteins. We consider their cell and tissue distribution, possible mechanisms of incorporation, and potential functions. It is likely that continuing work in this area will open a new frontier in cytoskeletal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Tsuji
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
| | - Mark P Dodding
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
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Dohet-Eraly J, Boudjeltia KZ, Rousseau A, Queeckers P, Lelubre C, Desmet JM, Chopard B, Yourassowsky C, Dubois F. Three-dimensional analysis of blood platelet spreading using digital holographic microscopy: a statistical study of the differential effect of coatings in healthy volunteers and dialyzed patients. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:502-513. [PMID: 35154888 PMCID: PMC8803030 DOI: 10.1364/boe.448817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In cardiovascular disorders, the study of thrombocytes, commonly known as platelets, is highly important since they are involved in blood clotting, essential in hemostasis, and they can in pathological situations affect the blood circulation. In this paper, single deposited platelets are measured using interferometric digital holographic microscopy. We have shown that the average optical height of platelets is significantly lower in healthy volunteers than in dialyzed patients, meaning a better spreading. It demonstrates the great interest for assessing this parameter in any patients, and therefore the high potential of analyzing single spread platelets using digital holographic microscopy in fundamental research as well as a diagnostic tool in routine laboratories, for usual blood tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Dohet-Eraly
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Charleroi, 706 Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
- Microgravity Research Centre, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Charleroi, 706 Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Alexandre Rousseau
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Charleroi, 706 Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Patrick Queeckers
- Microgravity Research Centre, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Christophe Lelubre
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Charleroi, 706 Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Charleroi - Hôpital civil Marie Curie, 140 Chaussée de Bruxelles, 6042 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Desmet
- Department of Nephrology, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Charleroi - Hôpital Vésale, 706 Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Bastien Chopard
- Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, 7 Route de Drize, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Yourassowsky
- Microgravity Research Centre, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Frank Dubois
- Microgravity Research Centre, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Structural analysis of receptors and actin polarity in platelet protrusions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105004118. [PMID: 34504018 PMCID: PMC8449362 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105004118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During activation the platelet cytoskeleton is reorganized, inducing adhesion to the extracellular matrix and cell spreading. These processes are critical for wound healing and clot formation. Initially, this task relies on the formation of strong cellular-extracellular matrix interactions, exposed in subendothelial lesions. Despite the medical relevance of these processes, there is a lack of high-resolution structural information on the platelet cytoskeleton controlling cell spreading and adhesion. Here, we present in situ structural analysis of membrane receptors and the underlying cytoskeleton in platelet protrusions by applying cryoelectron tomography to intact platelets. We utilized three-dimensional averaging procedures to study receptors at the plasma membrane. Analysis of substrate interaction-free receptors yielded one main structural class resolved to 26 Å, resembling the αIIbβ3 integrin folded conformation. Furthermore, structural analysis of the actin network in pseudopodia indicates a nonuniform polarity of filaments. This organization would allow generation of the contractile forces required for integrin-mediated cell adhesion.
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