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Dickey AS, Sanchez DN, Arreola M, Sampat KR, Fan W, Arbez N, Akimov S, Van Kanegan MJ, Ohnishi K, Gilmore-Hall SK, Flores AL, Nguyen JM, Lomas N, Hsu CL, Lo DC, Ross CA, Masliah E, Evans RM, La Spada AR. PPARδ activation by bexarotene promotes neuroprotection by restoring bioenergetic and quality control homeostasis. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/419/eaal2332. [PMID: 29212711 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurons must maintain protein and mitochondrial quality control for optimal function, an energetically expensive process. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that promote mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. We recently determined that transcriptional dysregulation of PPARδ contributes to Huntington's disease (HD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from a CAG-polyglutamine repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. We documented that the PPARδ agonist KD3010 is an effective therapy for HD in a mouse model. PPARδ forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR), and RXR agonists are capable of promoting PPARδ activation. One compound with potent RXR agonist activity is the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug bexarotene. We tested the therapeutic potential of bexarotene in HD and found that bexarotene was neuroprotective in cellular models of HD, including medium spiny-like neurons generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with HD. To evaluate bexarotene as a treatment for HD, we treated the N171-82Q mouse model with the drug and found that bexarotene improved motor function, reduced neurodegeneration, and increased survival. To determine the basis for PPARδ neuroprotection, we evaluated metabolic function and noted markedly impaired oxidative metabolism in HD neurons, which was rescued by bexarotene or KD3010. We examined mitochondrial and protein quality control in cellular models of HD and observed that treatment with a PPARδ agonist promoted cellular quality control. By boosting cellular activities that are dysfunctional in HD, PPARδ activation may have therapeutic applications in HD and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey S Dickey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dafne N Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martin Arreola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kunal R Sampat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicolas Arbez
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sergey Akimov
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michael J Van Kanegan
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kohta Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - April L Flores
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Janice M Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole Lomas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cynthia L Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Donald C Lo
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Albert R La Spada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. .,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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McCullough KM, Daskalakis NP, Gafford G, Morrison FG, Ressler KJ. Cell-type-specific interrogation of CeA Drd2 neurons to identify targets for pharmacological modulation of fear extinction. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:164. [PMID: 30135420 PMCID: PMC6105686 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral and molecular characterization of cell-type-specific populations governing fear learning and behavior is a promising avenue for the rational identification of potential therapeutics for fear-related disorders. Examining cell-type-specific changes in neuronal translation following fear learning allows for targeted pharmacological intervention during fear extinction learning, mirroring possible treatment strategies in humans. Here we identify the central amygdala (CeA) Drd2-expressing population as a novel fear-supporting neuronal population that is molecularly distinct from other, previously identified, fear-supporting CeA populations. Sequencing of actively translating transcripts of Drd2 neurons using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) technology identifies mRNAs that are differentially regulated following fear learning. Differentially expressed transcripts with potentially targetable gene products include Npy5r, Rxrg, Adora2a, Sst5r, Fgf3, Erbb4, Fkbp14, Dlk1, and Ssh3. Direct pharmacological manipulation of NPY5R, RXR, and ADORA2A confirms the importance of this cell population and these cell-type-specific receptors in fear behavior. Furthermore, these findings validate the use of functionally identified specific cell populations to predict novel pharmacological targets for the modulation of emotional learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M McCullough
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georgette Gafford
- Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Filomene G Morrison
- Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Boyce G, Button E, Soo S, Wellington C. The pleiotropic vasoprotective functions of high density lipoproteins (HDL). J Biomed Res 2017; 32:164. [PMID: 28550271 PMCID: PMC6265396 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic functions of circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) on peripheral vascular health are well established. HDL plays a pivotal role in reverse cholesterol transport and is also known to suppress inflammation, endothelial activation and apoptosis in peripheral vessels. Although not expressed in the central nervous system, HDL has nevertheless emerged as a potential resilience factor for dementia in multiple epidemiological studies. Animal model data specifically support a role for HDL in attenuating the accumulation of β-amyloid within cerebral vessels concomitant with reduced neuroinflammation and improved cognitive performance. As the vascular contributions to dementia are increasingly appreciated, this review seeks to summarize recent literature focused on the vasoprotective properties of HDL that may extend to cerebral vessels, discuss potential roles of HDL in dementia relative to brain-derived lipoproteins, identify gaps in current knowledge, and highlight new opportunities for research and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilaine Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Emily Button
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sonja Soo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cheryl Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized pathologically by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The amyloid hypothesis contends that the abnormal accumulation of Aβ, the principal component of amyloid plaques, plays an essential role in initiating the disease. Impaired clearance of soluble Aβ from the brain, a process facilitated by apolipoprotein E (APOE), is believed to be a contributing factor in plaque formation. APOE expression is transcriptionally regulated through the action of a family of nuclear receptors including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and liver X receptors (LXRs) in coordination with retinoid X receptors (RXRs). It has been previously reported that various agonists of this receptor family can influence brain Aβ levels in rodents. In this study we investigated the effects of LXR/RXR agonism on brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ40 in naïve rats. Treatment of rats for 3 days or 7 days with the LXR agonist, T0901317 or the RXR agonist, bexarotene did not result in significant changes in brain or CSF Aβ40 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songli Wang
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Wen
- Department of Neuroscience, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Wood
- Department of Neuroscience, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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