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Chaurasia RK, Sapra BK, Aswal DK. Interplay of immune modulation, adaptive response and hormesis: Suggestive of threshold for clinical manifestation of effects of ionizing radiation at low doses? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170178. [PMID: 38280586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The health impacts of low-dose ionizing radiation exposures have been a subject of debate over the last three to four decades. While there has been enough evidence of "no adverse observable" health effects at low doses and low dose rates, the hypothesis of "Linear No Threshold" continues to rule and govern the principles of radiation protection and the formulation of regulations and public policies. In adopting this conservative approach, the role of the biological processes underway in the human body is kept at abeyance. This review consolidates the available studies that discuss all related biological pathways and repair mechanisms that inhibit the progression of deleterious effects at low doses and low dose rates of ionizing radiation. It is pertinent that, taking cognizance of these processes, there is a need to have a relook at policies of radiation protection, which as of now are too stringent, leading to undue economic losses and negative public perception about radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, India; Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - B K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, India; Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - D K Aswal
- Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
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2
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Jung YH, Park JY, Kim HJ, Lee SM, Kim SH, Yun JH. Regenerative Potential of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7-Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ligature-Induced Periodontitis. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:200-210. [PMID: 36565024 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral disease caused by bacterial infection that has stages according to the severity of tissue destruction. The advanced stage of periodontitis presents irreversible destruction of soft and hard tissues, which finally results in loss of teeth. When conventional treatment modalities show limited results, tissue regeneration therapy is required in patients with advanced periodontitis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) delivering bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) on tissue regeneration in a periodontitis model. BMP7 is a member of the BMP family that shows bone-forming ability; however, BMPs rapid clearing and degradation and unproven efficacy make it difficult to apply it in clinical dentistry. To overcome this, we established BMP7-expressing engineered BM-MSCs (BMP7-eBMSCs) that showed superior osteogenic differentiation potential when subcutaneously transplanted with a biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold into immunocompromised mice. Furthermore, the efficacy of BMP7-eBMSC transplantation for periodontal tissue regeneration was evaluated in a rat ligature-induced periodontitis model. Upon measuring two-dimensional and three-dimensional amounts of regenerated alveolar bone using microcomputed tomography, the amounts were found to be significantly higher in the BMP7-eBMSC transplantation group than in the eBMSC transplantation group. Most importantly, fibrous periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue regeneration was also achieved upon BMP7-eBMSC transplantation, which was evaluated by calculating the modified relative connective tissue attachment. The amount of connective tissue attachment in the BMP7-eBMSC transplantation group was significantly higher than that in the ligature-induced periodontitis group, although the increase was comparable between the BMP7-eBMSC and human PDL stem cell transplantation groups. Taken together, our results suggested that sustainable release of BMP7 induces periodontal tissue regeneration and that transplantation of BMP7-eBMSCs is a feasible treatment option for periodontal regeneration. Impact Statement Periodontitis is the second most common human dental disease affecting chronic systemic diseases. Despite the tremendous efforts trying to cure the damaged periodontal tissues using tissue engineering technologies, a definitive regenerative method has not been in consensus. Researchers are seeking more feasible and abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and furthermore, how to use reliable growth factors under more efficient control are the issues to be solved. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) gene delivering bone marrow-derived MSCs on periodontal tissue regeneration to evaluate the efficacy of BMP7 and engineered BMSCs for periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hun Jung
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Department of Research Institute, SL BIGEN, Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Min Lee
- Department of Research Institute, SL BIGEN, Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwan Kim
- Department of Periodontics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Yun
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zhang Z, Dong Y, Wu B, Li Y, Liu Z, Liu Z, Gao Y, Gao L, Song Q, Zheng Z, Yao Y. Irradiation enhances the malignancy-promoting behaviors of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965660. [PMID: 36338684 PMCID: PMC9627491 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Previous studies have found that some pro-malignant CAFs participate in the resistance to radiotherapy as well as the initiation and progression of tumor recurrence. However, the exact mechanism of how radiation affects CAFs remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect and possible mechanism of radiation-activated CAFs, and its influence on lung cancer. Methods CAFs were isolated from surgical specimens in situ and irradiated with 8Gy x-rays. The changes in cell morphology and subcellular structure were observed. CAFs marker proteins such as FAP and α-SMA were detected by Western Blotting. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and transwell chamber assay was used to detect the activation of cell viability and migration ability. A nude mouse xenograft model was established to observe the tumorigenicity of irradiated CAFs in vivo. The genomic changes of CAFs after radiation activation were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing technology, and the possible mechanisms were analyzed. Results The CAFs showed a disorderly growth pattern after X-ray irradiation. Subcellular observations suggested that metabolism-related organelles exhibited more activity. The expression level of CAFs-related signature molecules was also increased. The CAFs irradiated by 8Gy had good proliferative activity. In the (indirect) co-culture system, CAFs showed radiation protection and migration induction to lung cancer cell lines, and this influence was more obvious in radiation-activated CAFs. The radiation protection was decreased after exosome inhibitors were applied. Vivo study also showed that radiation-activated CAFs have stronger tumorigenesis. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes were enriched in several pro-cancer signaling pathways in radiation-activated CAFs. Conclusions Our study confirmed that CAFs could be activated by ionizing radiation. Irradiation-activated CAFs could promote cancer cell proliferation, migration, radiotherapy tolerance, and tumorigenesis. These results suggested that irradiation-activated CAFs might participate in the recurrence of lung cancer after radiotherapy, and the inhibition of CAFs activation may be an important way to improve clinical radiotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Research Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Research Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oncology, Huang-gang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Yingge Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Research Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Wuhan, China
| | - Zehui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Research Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjun Gao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Research Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Wuhan, China
| | - Likun Gao
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Research Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Yao, ; Zhongliang Zheng, ; Qibin Song,
| | - Zhongliang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Yao, ; Zhongliang Zheng, ; Qibin Song,
| | - Yi Yao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Research Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Yao, ; Zhongliang Zheng, ; Qibin Song,
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Sangsuwan T, Mannervik M, Haghdoost S. Transgenerational effects of gamma radiation dose and dose rate on Drosophila flies irradiated at an early embryonal stage. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 881:503523. [PMID: 36031335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) kills cells mainly through induction of DNA damages and the surviving cells may suffer from mutations. Transgenerational effects of IR are well documented, but the exact mechanisms underlying them are less well understood; they include induction of mutations in germ cells and epigenetic inheritance. Previously, effects in the offspring of mice and zebrafish exposed to IR have been reported. A few studies also showed indications of transgenerational effects of radiation in humans, particularly in nuclear power workers. In the present project, short- and long-term effects of low-dose-rate (LDR; 50 and 97 mGy/h) and high-dose-rate (HDR; 23.4, 47.1 and 495 Gy/h) IR in Drosophila embryos were investigated. The embryos were irradiated at different doses and dose rates and radiosensitivity at different developmental stages was investigated. Also, the survival of larvae, pupae and adults developed from embryos irradiated at an early stage (30 min after egg laying) were studied. The larval crawling and pupation height assays were applied to investigate radiation effects on larval locomotion and pupation behavior, respectively. In parallel, the offspring from 3 Gy irradiated early-stage embryos were followed up to 12 generations and abnormal phenotypes were studied. Acute exposure of embryos at different stages of development showed that the early stage embryo is the most sensitive. The effects on larval locomotion showed no significant differences between the dose rates but a significant decrease of locomotion activity above 7 Gy was observed. The results indicate that embryos exposed to the low dose rates have shorter eclosion times. At the same cumulative dose (1 up to 7 Gy), HDR is more embryotoxic than LDR. We also found a radiation-induced depigmentation on males (A5 segment of the dorsal abdomen, A5pig-) that can be transmitted up to 12 generations. The phenomenon does not follow the classical Mendelian laws of segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traimate Sangsuwan
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Mannervik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Caen Normandy, Cimap-Aria, Ganil, and Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE), Caen, France.
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5
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Kahraman E, Göker E. Anticancer effects of imidazole nucleus in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines via the inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4377-4388. [PMID: 35226260 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imidazole nucleus has been used efficiently in the development of many drug molecules due to its therapeutic effects. Many derivatives of it have been produced particularly for use in cancer treatment. However, the anti-cancer effects of imidazole nucleus in liver cancer cells are as yet unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of imidazole nucleus in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS Anti-cancer effect of imidazole nucleus was investigated using cell viability assay, apoptosis analysis, cell migration analysis, cell morphology analysis, colony formation assay and 3D cell culture techniques in HuH-7 and Mahlavu cell lines. Also, effect of imidazole on AKT and ERK1/2 pathways were determined using by western blot analysis. Imidazole decreased cell viability in both HCC cell lines in a dose and time-dependent manner and also suppressed the colony forming ability of the cells (p < 0.05). Imidazole increased the cleaved caspase 3 protein levels and thus induced apoptosis (p < 0.05). Imidazole induced morphological alterations and autophagy by increasing intracellular vacuolization. Also, imidazole decreased the viability and dimensions of HCC cell tumor spheroids produced in 3D cell cultures (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was observed that all of these effects, are defined above, appeared in parallel with suppression of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways by imidazole nucleus. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this present study established the anti-cancer effects of imidazole nucleus in HCC cell lines and showed that it could be a potential molecule in the treatment of HCC via inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Kahraman
- Research and Application Center of Individualized Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Atatürk Vocational School of Health Services, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erdem Göker
- Research and Application Center of Individualized Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. .,Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Orekhova NA, Modorov MV. Effects of environmental low-dose irradiation on functional-metabolic organ responses in a natural mouse population (Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771) within the East Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT) area, Russia. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1414-1423. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2033340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natal´ya A. Orekhova
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, st. Vos’mogo Marta 202, Yekaterinburg, 620144 Russia
| | - Makar V. Modorov
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, st. Vos’mogo Marta 202, Yekaterinburg, 620144 Russia
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Khan MGM, Wang Y. Advances in the Current Understanding of How Low-Dose Radiation Affects the Cell Cycle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030356. [PMID: 35159169 PMCID: PMC8834401 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells exposed to ionizing radiation undergo a series of complex responses, including DNA damage, reproductive cell death, and altered proliferation states, which are all linked to cell cycle dynamics. For many years, a great deal of research has been conducted on cell cycle checkpoints and their regulators in mammalian cells in response to high-dose exposures to ionizing radiation. However, it is unclear how low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) regulates the cell cycle progression. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that LDIR may have profound effects on cellular functions. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how LDIR (of up to 200 mGy) regulates the cell cycle and cell-cycle-associated proteins in various cellular settings. In light of current findings, we also illustrate the conceptual function and possible dichotomous role of p21Waf1, a transcriptional target of p53, in response to LDIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Gulam Musawwir Khan
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
| | - Yi Wang
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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8
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Effect of X-ray exposure during hysterosalpingography on capabilities of female germ cells. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:3233-3242. [PMID: 34751833 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the effect of X-ray exposure during hysterosalpingography (HSG) on subsequent laboratory outcomes in in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS A total of 1458 oocytes, consisting of 990 oocytes retrieved from 70 women (89 cycles) who underwent HSG prior to IVF and 468 oocytes from 45 women (57 cycles) who underwent IVF without HSG, were evaluated for their retrieval number, maturity, fertilization, and development post fertilization. X-ray exposure during HSG was recorded as reference air kerma (RAK) (mGy). Subjects were stratified according to the amount of RAK (Nil: IVF without HSG, L-RAK: RAK < 16.23, mH-RAK: RAK ≥ 16.23). The number of oocytes retrieved, oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development was compared among 3 groups. Further, multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the effect of X-ray exposure on laboratory outcomes in IVF. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in the fertilization rate among 3 groups (Nil: 71.6%, L-RAK: 80.5%, mH-RAK: 78.3%). The good-quality blastocyst rate in mH-RAK (46.2%) was significantly higher than L-RAK (35.3%) and Nil (32.4%). Multivariate analyses revealed that X-ray exposure was associated with higher fertilization, higher blastocyst development, and higher good-quality blastocyst development rates with adjustment for patient age, BMI, ovarian stimulation types, and fertilization methods. Association between X-ray exposure and the number of oocytes retrieved, and oocyte maturation was not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that X-ray exposure of the female reproductive organs during HSG could enhance the potential of oocytes rather than adversely.
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Averbeck D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Role of Mitochondria in Radiation Responses: Epigenetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011047. [PMID: 34681703 PMCID: PMC8541263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies reveal that the outcomes of exposures to ionizing radiation (IR) highly depend on activation and regulation through other molecular components of organelles that determine cell survival and proliferation capacities. As typical epigenetic-regulated organelles and central power stations of cells, mitochondria play an important pivotal role in those responses. They direct cellular metabolism, energy supply and homeostasis as well as radiation-induced signaling, cell death, and immunological responses. This review is focused on how energy, dose and quality of IR affect mitochondria-dependent epigenetic and functional control at the cellular and tissue level. Low-dose radiation effects on mitochondria appear to be associated with epigenetic and non-targeted effects involved in genomic instability and adaptive responses, whereas high-dose radiation effects (>1 Gy) concern therapeutic effects of radiation and long-term outcomes involving mitochondria-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Both effects depend on radiation quality. For example, the increased efficacy of high linear energy transfer particle radiotherapy, e.g., C-ion radiotherapy, relies on the reduction of anastasis, enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and immunogenic (antitumor) responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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10
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Wang Z, Lv MY, Huang YX. Effects of Low-Dose X-Ray on Cell Growth, Membrane Permeability, DNA Damage and Gene Transfer Efficiency. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820962615. [PMID: 33192201 PMCID: PMC7597563 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820962615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to reveal if low dose X-rays would induce harmful or beneficial effect or dual response on biological cells and whether there are conditions the radiation can enhance gene transfer efficiency and promote cell growth but without damage to the cells. Method A systematic study was performed on the effects of Kilo-V and Mega-V X-rays on the cell morphology, viability, membrane permeability, DNA damage, and gene transfection of 293 T and CHO cells. Results The Kilo-V X-rays of very low doses from 0.01 to 0.04 Gray in principle didn't induce any significant change in cell morphology, growth, membrane permeability, and cause DNA damage. The Mega-V X-ray had a damage threshold between 1.0 and 1.5 Gray. The 0.25 Gray Mega-V-X-ray could promote cell growth and gene transfer, while the 1.5 Gray Mega-V X-ray damaged cells. Conclusion The very low dose of KV X-rays is safe to cells, while the effects of Mega-V-X-rays are dose-dependent. Mega-V-X-rays with a dose higher than the damage threshold would be harmful, that between 1.0 -1.5 Gray can evoke dual effects, whereas 0.25 Gray MV X-ray is beneficial for both cell growth and gene transfer, thus would be suitable for radiation-enhanced gene transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yue Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Xiong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Shin E, Lee S, Kang H, Kim J, Kim K, Youn H, Jin YW, Seo S, Youn B. Organ-Specific Effects of Low Dose Radiation Exposure: A Comprehensive Review. Front Genet 2020; 11:566244. [PMID: 33133150 PMCID: PMC7565684 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.566244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a high-energy radiation whose biological effects depend on the irradiation doses. Low-dose radiation (LDR) is delivered during medical diagnoses or by an exposure to radioactive elements and has been linked to the occurrence of chronic diseases, such as leukemia and cardiovascular diseases. Though epidemiological research is indispensable for predicting and dealing with LDR-induced abnormalities in individuals exposed to LDR, little is known about epidemiological markers of LDR exposure. Moreover, difference in the LDR-induced molecular events in each organ has been an obstacle to a thorough investigation of the LDR effects and a validation of the experimental results in in vivo models. In this review, we summarized the recent reports on LDR-induced risk of organ-specifically arranged the alterations for a comprehensive understanding of the biological effects of LDR. We suggested that LDR basically caused the accumulation of DNA damages, controlled systemic immune systems, induced oxidative damages on peripheral organs, and even benefited the viability in some organs. Furthermore, we concluded that understanding of organ-specific responses and the biological markers involved in the responses is needed to investigate the precise biological effects of LDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunguk Shin
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jeongha Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Jin
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Songwon Seo
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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Xu J, Liu D, Xiao S, Meng X, Zhao D, Jiang X, Jiang X, Cai L, Jiang H. Low-Dose Radiation Prevents Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-019-00158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Guéguen Y, Bontemps A, Ebrahimian TG. Adaptive responses to low doses of radiation or chemicals: their cellular and molecular mechanisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1255-1273. [PMID: 30535789 PMCID: PMC11105647 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the current knowledge on the mechanisms of adaptive response to low doses of ionizing radiation or chemical exposure. A better knowledge of these mechanisms is needed to improve our understanding of health risks at low levels of environmental or occupational exposure and their involvement in cancer or non-cancer diseases. This response is orchestrated through a multifaceted cellular program involving the concerted action of diverse stress response pathways. These evolutionary highly conserved defense mechanisms determine the cellular response to chemical and physical aggression. They include DNA damage repair (p53, ATM, PARP pathways), antioxidant response (Nrf2 pathway), immune/inflammatory response (NF-κB pathway), cell survival/death pathway (apoptosis), endoplasmic response to stress (UPR response), and other cytoprotective processes including autophagy, cell cycle regulation, and the unfolded protein response. The coordinated action of these processes induced by low-dose radiation or chemicals produces biological effects that are currently estimated with the linear non-threshold model. These effects are controversial. They are difficult to detect because of their low magnitude, the scarcity of events in humans, and the difficulty of corroborating associations over the long term. Improving our understanding of these biological consequences should help humans and their environment by enabling better risk estimates, the revision of radiation protection standards, and possible therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX, B.P. no 17, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRSI, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Alice Bontemps
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX, B.P. no 17, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Teni G Ebrahimian
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX, B.P. no 17, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
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14
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Intracellular and Intercellular Signalling Mechanisms following DNA Damage Are Modulated By PINK1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1391387. [PMID: 30116473 PMCID: PMC6079383 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1391387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function and accumulation of DNA damage have been recognized as hallmarks of age-related diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction initiates protective signalling mechanisms coordinated at nuclear level particularly by modulating transcription of stress signalling factors. In turn, cellular response to DNA lesions comprises a series of interconnected complex protective pathways, which require the energetic and metabolic support of the mitochondria. These are involved in intracellular as well as in extracellular signalling of damage. Here, we have initiated a study that addresses how mitochondria-nucleus communication may occur in conditions of combined mitochondrial dysfunction and genotoxic stress and what are the consequences of this interaction on the cell system. In this work, we used cells deficient for PINK1, a mitochondrial kinase involved in mitochondrial quality control whose loss of function leads to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, challenged with inducers of DNA damage, namely, ionizing radiation and the radiomimetic bleomycin. Combined stress at the level of mitochondria and the nucleus impairs both mitochondrial and nuclear functions. Our findings revealed exacerbated sensibility to genotoxic stress in PINK1-deficient cells. The same cells showed an impaired induction of bystander phenomena following stress insults. However, these cells responded adaptively when a challenge dose was applied subsequently to a low-dose treatment to the cells. The data demonstrates that PINK1 modulates intracellular and intercellular signalling pathways, particularly adaptive responses and transmission of bystander signalling, two facets of the cell-protective mechanisms against detrimental agents.
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Eom HS, Park HS, You GE, Kim JY, Nam SY. Identification of cellular responses to low-dose radiation by the profiling of phosphorylated proteins in human B-lymphoblast IM-9 cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1207-1216. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1377362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Soo Eom
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Sun Park
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Eun You
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Young Nam
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Temelie M, Stroe D, Petcu I, Mustaciosu C, Moisoi N, Savu D. Bystander effects and compartmental stress response to X-ray irradiation in L929 cells. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:371-379. [PMID: 27025606 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bystander effects are indirect consequences of radiation and many other stress factors. They occur in cells that are not directly exposed to these factors, but receive signals from affected cells either by gap junctions or by molecules released in the medium. Characterizing these effects and deciphering the underlying mechanisms involved in radiation-induced bystander effects are relevant for cancer radiotherapy and radioprotection. At doses of X-ray radiation 0.5 and 1 Gy, we detected bystander effects as increased numbers of micronuclei shortly after the treatment, through medium transfer and by co-cultures. Interestingly, bystander cells did not exhibit long-term adverse changes in viability. Evaluation of several compartmental stress markers (CHOP, BiP, mtHsp60, cytHsp70) by qRT-PCR did not reveal expression changes at transcriptional level. We investigated the involvement of ROS and NO in this process by addition of specific scavengers of these molecules, DMSO or c-PTIO in the transferred medium. This approach proved that ROS but not NO is involved in the induction of lesions in the acceptor cells. These results indicate that L929 cells are susceptible to stress effects of radiation-induced bystander signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Temelie
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. BOX MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Stroe
- The Oncologic Radiotherapy Clinic, The Coltea Bucharest Hospital, No. 1-3, I. C. Bratianu Boulevard, District 3, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Petcu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. BOX MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mustaciosu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. BOX MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Moisoi
- Neuroscience Psychology and Behaviour Department, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Building, University Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leicester School of Pharmacy, The Gateway, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Diana Savu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. BOX MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania.
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17
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Yang G, Li W, Jiang H, Liang X, Zhao Y, Yu D, Zhou L, Wang G, Tian H, Han F, Cai L, Cui J. Low-dose radiation may be a novel approach to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapeutics. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2157-68. [PMID: 27299986 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been generally accepted that both natural and man-made sources of ionizing radiation contribute to human exposure and consequently pose a possible risk to human health. However, accumulating evidence has shown that the biological effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) are different from those of high-dose radiation. LDR can stimulate proliferation of normal cells and activate their defense systems, while these biological effects are not observed in some cancer cell types. Although there is still no concordance on this matter, the fact that LDR has the potential to enhance the effects of cancer therapeutics and reduce the toxic side effects of anti-cancer therapy has garnered significant interest. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the experimental data detailing the different responses of normal and cancer tissues to LDR, the underlying mechanisms, and its significance in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozi Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Radiation-Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. .,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202.
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Martínez MA, Úbeda A, Moreno J, Trillo MÁ. Power Frequency Magnetic Fields Affect the p38 MAPK-Mediated Regulation of NB69 Cell Proliferation Implication of Free Radicals. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:510. [PMID: 27058530 PMCID: PMC4848966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferative response of the neuroblastoma line NB69 to a 100 µT, 50 Hz magnetic field (MF) has been shown mediated by activation of the MAPK-ERK1/2 pathway. This work investigates the MF effect on the cell cycle of NB69, the participation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal (JNK) kinases in the field-induced proliferative response and the potential involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the activation of the MAPK-ERK1/2 and -p38 signaling pathways. NB69 cultures were exposed to the 100 µT MF, either intermittently for 24, 42 or 63 h, or continuously for periods of 15 to 120 min, in the presence or absence of p38 or JNK inhibitors: SB203580 and SP600125, respectively. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used as ROS scavenger. Field exposure induced transient activation of p38, JNK and ERK1/2. The MF proliferative effect, which was mediated by changes in the cell cycle, was blocked by the p38 inhibitor, but not by the JNK inhibitor. NAC blocked the field effects on cell proliferation and p38 activation, but not those on ERK1/2 activation. The MF-induced proliferative effects are exerted through sequential upregulation of MAPK-p38 and -ERK1/2 activation, and they are likely mediated by a ROS-dependent activation of p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Antonia Martínez
- Servicio de Investigación-BEM, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Úbeda
- Servicio de Investigación-BEM, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Moreno
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Automatización y Física Aplicada, Technical School of Engineering and Industrial Design (ETSID), UPM, 28012 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Trillo
- Servicio de Investigación-BEM, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Premkumar K, Shankar BS. Involvement of MAPK signalling in radioadaptive response in BALB/c mice exposed to low dose ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:249-62. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1146829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Liang X, Gu J, Yu D, Wang G, Zhou L, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zheng S, Liu Q, Cai L, Cui J, Li W. Low-Dose Radiation Induces Cell Proliferation in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts but not in Lung Cancer Cells: Importance of ERK1/2 and AKT Signaling Pathways. Dose Response 2016; 14:1559325815622174. [PMID: 26788032 PMCID: PMC4710120 DOI: 10.1177/1559325815622174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormesis and adaptive responses are 2 important biological effects of low-dose ionizing radiation (LDR). In normal tissue, LDR induces hormesis as evinced by increased cell proliferation; however, whether LDR also increases tumor cell proliferation needs to be investigated. In this study, cell proliferation was assayed by total cell numbers and the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3′ -kinase(PI3K)-Akt (PI3K/AKT) phosphorylation were determined by Western blot analysis. Human embryonic lung fibroblast 2BS and lung cancer NCI-H446 cell lines were irradiated with LDR at different doses (20-100 mGy). In response to 20 to 75 mGy X-rays, cell proliferation was significantly increased in 2BS but not in NCI-H446 cells. In 2BS cells, LDR at 20 to 75 mGy also stimulated phosphorylation of MAPK/ERK pathway proteins including ERK, MEK, and Raf and of the PI3K/AKT pathway protein AKT. To test whether ERK1/2 and AKT pathway activation was involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation in 2BS cells, the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways were inhibited using their specific inhibitors, U0126 and LY294002. U0126 decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and LY294002 decreased the phosphorylation of AKT; each could significantly inhibit LDR-induced 2BS cell proliferation. However, LDR did not stimulate these kinases, and kinase inhibitors also did not affect cell proliferation in the NCI-H446 cells. These results suggest that LDR stimulates cell proliferation via the activation of both MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in 2BS but not in NCI-H446 cells. This finding implies the potential for applying LDR to protect normal tissues from radiotherapy without diminishing the efficacy of tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Junlian Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Dehai Yu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shirong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Yin Q, Lu H, Bai Y, Tian A, Yang Q, Wu J, Yang C, Fan TP, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Zheng X, Li Z. A metabolite of Danshen formulae attenuates cardiac fibrosis induced by isoprenaline, via a NOX2/ROS/p38 pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5573-85. [PMID: 25766073 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardiac fibrosis is a common feature of advanced coronary heart disease and is characteristic of heart disease. However, currently available drugs against cardiac fibrosis are still very limited. Here, we have assessed the role of isopropyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxylpropanoate (IDHP), a new metabolite of Danshen Dripping Pills, in cardiac fibrosis mediated by the β-adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline, and its underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Identification of IDHP was identified by mass spectrometry, and proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Myocardial collagen was quantitatively assessed with Picrosirius Red staining. Expression of mRNA for collagen was evaluated with real-time PCR. Phosphorylated and total p38 MAPK, NADPH oxidase (NOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analysed by Western blot. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was evaluated by dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescent staining. NOX2 was knocked down using specific siRNA. KEY RESULTS IDHP attenuated β-adrenoceptor mediated cardiac fibrosis in vivo and inhibited isoprenaline-induced proliferation of neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs) and collagen I synthesis in vitro. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, which is an important mediator in the pathogenesis of isoprenaline-induced cardiac fibrosis, was inhibited by IDHP. This inhibition of phospho-p38 by IDHP was dependent on decreased generation of ROS. These effects of IDHP were abolished in NRCFs treated with siRNA for NOX2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS IDHP attenuated the cardiac fibrosis induced by isoprenaline through a NOX2/ROS/p38 pathway. These novel findings suggest that IDHP is a potential pharmacological candidate for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis, induced by β-adrenoceptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yin
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aiju Tian
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxiang Yang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jimin Wu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhi Yang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Angiogenesis and Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaopu Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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22
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Lacoste-Collin L, Jozan S, Pereda V, Courtade-Saïdi M. Influence of A Continuous Very Low Dose of Gamma-Rays on Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress. Dose Response 2015; 13:10.2203_dose-response.14-010.Lacoste-Collin. [PMID: 26692019 PMCID: PMC4679219 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.14-010.lacoste-collin] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown a delay of death by lymphoma in SJL/J mice irradiated with continuous very low doses of ionizing radiation. In order to understand the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon, we have irradiated in vitro the Raw264.7 monocytic and the YAC-1 lymphoma cell lines at very low-dose rate of 4cGy.month(-1). We have observed a transient increase in production of both free radicals and nitric oxide with a transient adaptive response during at least two weeks after the beginning of the irradiation. The slight decrease of Ki67 proliferation index observed during the second and third weeks of YAC-1 cells culture under irradiation was not significant but consistent with the shift of the proliferation assay curves of YAC-1cells at these same durations of culture. These in vitro results were in good agreement with the slightly decrease under irradiation of Ki67 proliferative index evaluated on lymphomatous lymph nodes of SJL/J mice. A significant decrease of YAC-1 cells apoptotic rate under radiation appeared after 4 weeks of culture. Therefore very small doses of gamma-irradiation are able to modify the cellular response. The main observations did not last with increasing time under irradiation, suggesting a transient adaptation of cells or organisms to this level of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne Jozan
- Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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23
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Ionizing Radiation–Inducible miR-27b Suppresses Leukemia Proliferation via Targeting Cyclin A2. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 90:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Keta O, Todorović D, Popović N, Korićanac L, Cuttone G, Petrović I, Ristić-Fira A. Radiosensitivity of human ovarian carcinoma and melanoma cells to γ-rays and protons. Arch Med Sci 2014; 10:578-86. [PMID: 25097591 PMCID: PMC4107263 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.43751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proton radiation offers physical advantages over conventional radiation. Radiosensitivity of human 59M ovarian cancer and HTB140 melanoma cells was investigated after exposure to γ-rays and protons. MATERIAL AND METHODS Irradiations were performed in the middle of a 62 MeV therapeutic proton spread out Bragg peak with doses ranging from 2 to 16 Gy. The mean energy of protons was 34.88 ±2.15 MeV, corresponding to the linear energy transfer of 4.7 ±0.2 keV/µm. Irradiations with γ-rays were performed using the same doses. Viability, proliferation and survival were assessed 7 days after both types of irradiation while analyses of cell cycle and apoptosis were performed 48 h after irradiation. RESULTS Results showed that γ-rays and protons reduced the number of viable cells for both cell lines, with stronger inactivation achieved after irradiation with protons. Surviving fractions for 59M were 0.91 ±0.01 for γ-rays and 0.81 ±0.01 for protons, while those for HTB140 cells were 0.93 ±0.01 for γ-rays and 0.86 ±0.01 for protons. Relative biological effectiveness of protons, being 2.47 ±0.22 for 59M and 2.08 ±0.36 for HTB140, indicated that protons provoked better cell elimination than γ-rays. After proton irradiation proliferation capacity of the two cell lines was slightly higher as compared to γ-rays. Proliferation was higher for 59M than for HTB140 cells after both types of irradiation. Induction of apoptosis and G2 arrest detected after proton irradiation were more prominent in 59M cells. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results suggest that protons exert better antitumour effects on ovarian carcinoma and melanoma cells than γ-rays. The dissimilar response of these cells to radiation is related to their different features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilija Keta
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nataša Popović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lela Korićanac
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Giacomo Cuttone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy
| | - Ivan Petrović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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25
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Kim JE, Kim SH, Jeong JH, Ji YH, Jung Y. Behavior and differentiation studies of hASCs and rBMSCs by the γ-ray irradiation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-1123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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26
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Lee EK, Kim JA, Park SJ, Kim JK, Heo K, Yang KM, Son TG. Low-dose radiation activates Nrf1/2 through reactive species and the Ca(2+)/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in human skin fibroblast cells. BMB Rep 2013; 46:258-63. [PMID: 23710636 PMCID: PMC4133890 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.5.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we explored the effect of LDR on the activation of Nrfs transcription factor involved in cellular redox events. Experiments were carried out utilizing 0.05 and 0.5 Gy X-ray irradiated normal human skin fibroblast HS27 cells. The results showed LDR induced Nrf1 and Nrf2 activation and expression of antioxidant genes HO-1, Mn-SOD, and NQO1. In particular, 0.05 Gy-irradiation increased only Nrf1 activation, but 0.5 Gy induced both Nrf1 and Nrf2 activation. LDR-mediated Nrf1/2 activation was accompanied by reactive species (RS) generation and Ca2+ flux. This effect was abolished in the presence of N-acetyl-cysteine and BAPTA- AM. Furthermore, Nrf1/2 activation by LDR was suppressed by PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK1/2. In conclusion, LDR induces Nrf1 and Nrf2 activation and expression of Nrf-regulated antioxidant defense genes through RS and Ca2+/ERK1/2 pathways, suggesting new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the beneficial role of LDR in HS27 cells. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(5): 258-263]
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyeong Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan 619-953
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EL-SAGHIRE HOUSSEIN, MICHAUX ARLETTE, THIERENS HUBERT, BAATOUT SARAH. Low doses of ionizing radiation induce immune-stimulatory responses in isolated human primary monocytes. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1407-14. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Ghosh S, Kumar A, Tripathi RP, Chandna S. Connexin-43 regulates p38-mediated cell migration and invasion induced selectively in tumour cells by low doses of γ-radiation in an ERK-1/2-independent manner. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:383-95. [PMID: 24045413 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy exposes certain regions of solid tumours to low sublethal doses of γ-radiation that may cause secondary malignancies. Therefore, evaluating low-dose-γ-radiation-induced alterations in tumorigenic potential and understanding their mechanisms could help in improving radiotherapy outcome. Limited studies have indicated connexin (Cx) up-regulation by low doses, whereas Cxs are independently shown to alter cell migration in unirradiated cells. We investigated low-dose-γ-radiation-induced alterations in Cx43 expression and cell proliferation/migration/invasion in various tumour cell lines, along with the putative molecular pathways such as p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2)-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Interestingly, a narrow range of low doses (10-20 cGy) enhanced Cx43 expression and also selectively induced glioma cell migration without altering cell proliferation, accompanied by sustained activation of p38 and up-regulation of p21(waf1/cip1), whereas the lowest (5 cGy) dose induced cell proliferation coupled with enhanced p-ERK1/2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p-H3 levels without inducing cell migration. Most importantly, low-dose-γ-radiation-induced cell migration and p38 activation was strongly inhibited by knocking down Cx43 expression, thereby demonstrating latter's upstream role, whereas the knock-down had no effect on ERK-1/2 or cell proliferation. Silencing Cx43 caused near-complete inhibition of radiation-induced cell migration/invasion in all tumour cell lines (U87, BMG-1, A549 and HeLa), whereas no cell migration/invasiveness was induced in the γ-irradiated primary VH10 or transformed AA8 fibroblasts. Our study demonstrates for the first time that low-dose γ-radiation induces p38-MAPK mediated cell migration selectively in tumour cells. Further, this effect is regulated by Cx43, which could thus be an important mediator in radiation-induced secondary malignancies and/or metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Ghosh
- Natural Radiation Response Mechanisms Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences with
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Zhang D, Guo M, Zhang W, Lu XY. Adiponectin stimulates proliferation of adult hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β)/β-catenin signaling cascade. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:44913-20. [PMID: 22039048 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.310052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine secreted from adipocytes. Accumulating evidence suggests that the physiological roles of adiponectin go beyond its metabolic effects. In the present study, we demonstrate that adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) are expressed in adult hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells (hNSCs). Adiponectin treatment increases proliferation of cultured adult hNSCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas apoptosis and differentiation of adult hNSCs into neuronal or glial lineage were not affected. Adiponectin activates AMP-activated protein kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathways in adult hNSCs. Pretreatment with the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580, but not the AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor Compound C, attenuates adiponectin-induced cell proliferation. Moreover, adiponectin induces phosphorylation of Ser-389, a key inhibitory site of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and this effect can be blocked by inhibition of p38MAPK with SB203580. Levels of total and nuclear β-catenin, the primary substrate of GSK-3β, were increased by adiponectin treatment. These results indicate that adiponectin stimulates proliferation of adult hNSCs, via acting on GSK-3β to promote nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Thus, our studies uncover a novel role for adiponectin signaling in regulating proliferation of adult neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
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Fucic A, Gamulin M. Interaction between ionizing radiation and estrogen: what we are missing? Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:966-9. [PMID: 21903337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Following complexity as a new approach in science of 21st century biomonitoring of biological effects caused by ionizing radiation received an option of a new dimension. Insight in biological response of mammals to ionizing radiation exposure by integration of genome, non-genome and distant organ bystander effects will significantly change evaluation of health risk and preventive measures. Impact of estrogen on carcinogenesis caused by occupational or accidental exposure to ionizing radiation additionally enables biodosimetry to recognize vulnerable subpopulations according to gender and age. Estrogen, as a potent molecule involved in number of biological pathways during development and adulthood, shows close interaction with pathological processes launched by overexposure to ionizing radiation which should be included in future research and radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Ksaverska c 2, Croatia.
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Liang X, So YH, Cui J, Ma K, Xu X, Zhao Y, Cai L, Li W. The low-dose ionizing radiation stimulates cell proliferation via activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in rat cultured mesenchymal stem cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2011; 52:380-386. [PMID: 21436606 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hormesis induced by low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) is often mirrored by its stimulation of cell proliferation. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/ extracellular-signal- regulated kinases (ERK) pathway is known to play important roles in cell growth. Therefore, this study was to examine the effects of LDIR on rat mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Rat MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow from 6 to 8-week-old male Wistar rats and cultured in vitro. Exponentially growing cells within 4-5 passages were irradiated with low doses of X-rays at 20, 50, 75 and 100 mGy with a dose rate of 100 mGy/min. Cell proliferation was evaluated by counting total viable cell number with trypan-blue staining and MTT assay. Cell cycle changes were also evaluated by flow cytometry and the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway was assayed by Western blotting. Results showed that LDIR at 50 and 75 mGy significantly stimulated the proliferation of rat MSCs with the most stimulating effect at 75 mGy. There was a significant increase in the proportion of S phase cells in MSCs in response to 75 mGy X-rays. Activation of several members in the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, including c-Raf, MEK and ERK were observed in the cells exposed to 75 mGy X-rays. To define the role of ERK activation in LDIR-stimulated cell proliferation, LDIR-treated MSCs were pre-incubated with MEK specific inhibitor U0126, which completely abolished LDIR-increased phosphorylation of ERK and cell proliferation. These results suggest that LDIR stimulates MSC proliferations in the in vitro condition via the activation of MAPK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liang
- Cancer Center at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Veeraraghavan J, Natarajan M, Herman TS, Aravindan N. Low-dose γ-radiation-induced oxidative stress response in mouse brain and gut: regulation by NFκB-MnSOD cross-signaling. Mutat Res 2010; 718:44-55. [PMID: 21056117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced amplification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be a sensing mechanism for activation of signaling cascades that influence cell fate. However, the regulated intrinsic mechanisms and targets of low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) are still unclear. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of LDIR on NFκB signal transduction and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) activity in mice brain and gut. LDIR resulted in both dose-dependent and persistent NFκB activation in gut and brain. QPCR displayed a dose- and tissue-dependent differential modulation of 88 signaling molecules. With stringent criteria, a total of 15 (2cGy), 43 (10cGy) and 19 (50cGy) genes were found to be commonly upregulated between brain and gut. SOD2 immunostaining showed a LDIR-dose dependent increase. Consistent with the NFκB results, we observed a persistent increase in SOD2 activity after LDIR. Moreover, muting of LDIR-induced NFκB attenuated SOD2 transactivation and cellular localization. These results imply that exposure of healthy tissues to LDIR results in induced NFκB and SOD2 activity and transcriptional activation of NFκB-signal transduction/target molecules. More importantly, the results suggest that NFκB initiates a feedback response through transcriptional activation of SOD2 that may play a key role in the LDIR-induced oxidative stress response and may control the switch that directs cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamunarani Veeraraghavan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Guo WY, Wang GJ, Wang P, Chen Q, Tan Y, Cai L. Acceleration of diabetic wound healing by low-dose radiation is associated with peripheral mobilization of bone marrow stem cells. Radiat Res 2010; 174:467-79. [PMID: 20726708 DOI: 10.1667/rr1980.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the effect of repeated low-dose radiation exposure (75 mGy X ray) on skin wound healing in a rat model of diabetes. A skin wound was made on the backs of diabetic and age-matched control rats 60 days after diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin. Rats with skin wounds were immediately treated with whole-body radiation daily for 5, 10 or 15 days with a 2-day break every 5 days. Wound size was estimated 5, 10 and 15 days after wound formation. Repeated exposure of diabetic rats to low-dose radiation significantly accelerated skin wound healing compared to the nonirradiated diabetic group. Furthermore, low-dose radiation-induced improvement in healing was associated with increases in bone marrow and circulating CD31(+)/CD34(+) stem cells, vessel regeneration and cell proliferation in the wound tissue, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 expression. Therefore, we conclude that the acceleration of wound healing in diabetic rats by repeated exposure to low-dose radiation is associated with stimulation of bone marrow stem cell proliferation and peripheral mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ying Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Shin SC, Kang YM, Kim HS. Life Span and Thymic Lymphoma Incidence in High- and Low-Dose-Rate Irradiated AKR/J Mice and Commonly Expressed Genes. Radiat Res 2010; 174:341-6. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1946.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nam SY, Seo HH, Park HS, An S, Kim JY, Yang KH, Kim CS, Jeong M, Jin YW. Phosphorylation of CLK2 at serine 34 and threonine 127 by AKT controls cell survival after ionizing radiation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:31157-63. [PMID: 20682768 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.122044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT phosphorylates components of the intrinsic cell survival machinery and promotes survival to various stimuli. In the present study, we identified CDC-like kinase 2 (CLK2) as a new substrate of AKT activation and elucidated its role in cell survival to ionizing radiation. AKT directly binds to and phosphorylates CLK2 on serine 34 and threonine 127, in vitro and in vivo. CLK2 phosphorylation was detected in HeLa cells overexpressing active AKT. In addition, we demonstrated that ionizing radiation induces CLK2 phosphorylation via AKT activation. In contrast, the suppression of endogenous AKT expression by siRNA inhibited CLK2 phosphorylation in response to 2 gray of γ-ray or insulin. Furthermore, we examined the effect of CLK2 on the survival of irradiated CCD-18Lu cells overexpressing Myc-CLK2. CLK2 overexpression significantly increased cell growth and inhibited cell death induced by 2 gray. The role of CLK2 in cell survival to ionizing radiation was dependent on the phosphorylation of serine 34 and threonine 127. Our results suggest that AKT activation controls cell survival to ionizing radiation by phosphorylating CLK2, revealing an important regulatory mechanism required for promoting cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Young Nam
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co, Ltd, Seoul 132-703, Korea.
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Lee EK, Chung SW, Kim JY, Kim JM, Heo HS, Lim HA, Kim MK, Anton S, Yokozawa T, Chung HY. Allylmethylsulfide Down-Regulates X-Ray Irradiation-Induced Nuclear Factor-kappaB Signaling in C57/BL6 Mouse Kidney. J Med Food 2009; 12:542-51. [PMID: 19627202 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Allylmethylsulfide (AMS), a volatile organosulfur derivative from garlic, has been shown to have radioprotective effects in radiation-challenged cell and animal models, but the mechanism of radioprotection is not well understood. To determine the mechanism of radioprotection in an in vivo model, we first verified the antioxidant capacity of AMS using 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced human embryonic kidney 293T cells by measuring reactive oxygen species generation, reduced glutathione, protein tyrosine kinase/protein tyrosine phosphatase balance, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) protein levels. We then investigated the protective effects of AMS (55 and 275 micromol/kg, intraperitoneal treatment) on 15 Gy X-ray-irradiated mouse kidney. The results showed that AMS decreased the free radical-induced lipid peroxidation in mice exposed to X-rays. Moreover, the antioxidative AMS suppressed the activation of NF-kappaB and its dependent genes such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 through inhibition of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and activation of IkappaB kinase alpha/beta and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Based on these results, AMS may be a useful radioprotective agent by down-regulating the MAPKs and NF-kappaB signaling pathway that can be induced via X-ray irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Chatzinikolaou G, Nikitovic D, Berdiaki A, Zafiropoulos A, Katonis P, Karamanos NK, Tzanakakis GN. Heparin regulates colon cancer cell growth through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling. Cell Prolif 2009; 43:9-18. [PMID: 19845689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2009.00649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heparin acts as an extracellular stimulus capable of activating major cell signalling pathways. Thus, we examined the putative mechanisms utilized by heparin to stimulate HT29, SW1116 and HCT116 colon cancer cell growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Possible participation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade on heparin-induced HT29, SW1116 and HCT116 colon cancer cell growth was evaluated using specific MAPK cascade inhibitors, Western blot analysis, real-time quantitative PCR and FACS apoptosis analysis. RESULTS Treatment with a highly specific p38 kinase inhibitor, SB203580, significantly (50-70%) inhibited heparin-induced colon cancer cell growth, demonstrating that p38 MAPK signalling is involved in their heparin-induced proliferative response. This was shown to be correlated with increased (up to 3-fold) phosphorylation of 181/182 threonine/tyrosine residues on p38 MAP kinase. Furthermore, heparin inhibited cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p53 tumour suppressor gene and protein expression up to 2-fold or 1.8-fold, respectively, and stimulated cyclin D1 expression up to 1.8-fold, in these cell lines through a p38-mediated mechanism. On the other hand, treatment with heparin did not appear to affect HT29, SW1116 and HCT116 cell levels of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that an extracellular glycosaminoglycan, heparin, finely modulates expression of genes crucial to cell cycle regulation through specific activation of p38 MAP kinase to stimulate colon cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Histology, Division of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Park HS, Yun Y, Kim CS, Yang KH, Jeong M, Ahn SK, Jin YW, Nam SY. A critical role for AKT activation in protecting cells from ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis and the regulation of acinus gene expression. Eur J Cell Biol 2009; 88:563-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Wolfesberger B, Tonar Z, Gerner W, Skalicky M, Heiduschka G, Egerbacher M, Thalhammer JG, Walter I. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib decreases cell number and induces apoptosis in a canine osteosarcoma cell line. Res Vet Sci 2009; 88:94-100. [PMID: 19665156 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma, an aggressive cancer with early distant metastasis, shows still despite good chemotherapy protocols poor long term survival. The aim of our study was to determine whether sorafenib, a novel multikinase inhibitor, has any effect on D-17 canine osteosarcoma cells. A cell proliferation kit was used for detecting surviving cells after treatment for 72 h with sorafenib or carboplatin or their combination. A significant decrease of neoplastic cells was observed after incubation with 0.5-16 microM sorafenib or with 80-640 microM carboplatin. Using immunocytochemistry for activated caspase 3 to evaluate apoptosis, we found significantly more positive cells in the sorafenib treated groups. Paradoxically, expression of the nuclear proliferation marker Ki-67 was also significantly higher in sorafenib treated cells. The drug sorafenib showed potent antitumour activity against D-17 canine osteosarcoma cells in vitro, suggesting a potential as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of bone cancer in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wolfesberger
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Jiang H, Xu Y, Li W, Ma K, Cai L, Wang G. Low-Dose Radiation Does Not Induce Proliferation in Tumor CellsIn VitroandIn Vivo. Radiat Res 2008; 170:477-87. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1132.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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The effect of radio-adaptive doses on HT29 and GM637 cells. Radiat Oncol 2008; 3:12. [PMID: 18433479 PMCID: PMC2387149 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-3-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shape of the dose-response curve at low doses differs from the linear quadratic model. The effect of a radio-adaptive response is the centre of many studies and well known inspite that the clinical applications are still rarely considered. METHODS We studied the effect of a low-dose pre-irradiation (0.03 Gy - 0.1 Gy) alone or followed by a 2.0 Gy challenging dose 4 h later on the survival of the HT29 cell line (human colorectal cancer cells) and on the GM637 cell line (human fibroblasts). RESULTS 0.03 Gy given alone did not have a significant effect on both cell lines, the other low doses alone significantly reduced the cell survival. Applied 4 h before the 2.0 Gy fraction, 0.03 Gy led to a significant induced radioresistance in GM637 cells, but not in HT29 cells, and 0.05 Gy led to a significant hyperradiosensitivity in HT29 cells, but not in GM637 cells. CONCLUSION A pre-irradiation with 0.03 Gy can protect normal fibroblasts, but not colorectal cancer cells, from damage induced by an irradiation of 2.0 Gy and the application of 0.05 Gy prior to the 2.0 Gy fraction can enhance the cell killing of colorectal cancer cells while not additionally damaging normal fibroblasts. If these findings prove to be true in vivo as well this may optimize the balance between local tumour control and injury to normal tissue in modern radiotherapy.
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