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Yamaguchi N, Taguchi-Shiobara F, Sato Y, Senda M, Ishimoto M, Kousaka F. Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci associated with seed yield in soybean. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:396-403. [PMID: 34776747 PMCID: PMC8573547 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], the genetic analysis of seed yield is important to aid in the breeding of high-yielding cultivars. Seed yield is a complex trait, and the number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in seed yield is high. The aims of this study were to identify QTL associated with seed yield and validate their effects on seed yield using near-isogenic lines. The QTL analysis was conducted using a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between Japanese cultivars 'Toyoharuka' and 'Toyomusume', and eight seed yield-associated QTL were identified. There were significant positive correlations between seed yield and the number of favorable alleles at QTL associated with seed yield in the recombinant inbred lines for three years. The effects of qSY8-1, a QTL promoting greater seed yield, was validated in the Toyoharuka background. In a two-year yield trial, the 100-seed weight and seed yield of Toyoharuka-NIL, the near-isogenic line having the Toyomusume allele at qSY8-1, were significantly greater than those of Toyoharuka (106% and 107%, respectively) without any change for days to flowering and maturity. Our results suggest that qSY8-1 was not associated with maturity genes, and contributed to the 100-seed weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Yamaguchi
- Hokkaido Research Organization Tokachi Agricultural Experiment Station, 2, Minami 9 sen, Shinsei, Memuro-cho, Kasai-gun, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Fumio Taguchi-Shiobara
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Yumi Sato
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Mineo Senda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Masao Ishimoto
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kousaka
- Hokkaido Research Organization Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Higashi 6 sen Kita 15 Gou, Naganuma-cho, Yubari-gun, Hokkaido 069-1395, Japan
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Raza A, Asghar MA, Ahmad B, Bin C, Iftikhar Hussain M, Li W, Iqbal T, Yaseen M, Shafiq I, Yi Z, Ahmad I, Yang W, Weiguo L. Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1592. [PMID: 33212960 PMCID: PMC7698466 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet. Therefore, the present review is tempted to compare the conceptual insights with preceding published researches and proposed the important techniques which could be applied to overcome the devastating effects of lodging. We further explored that, lodging stress management is dependent on multiple approaches such as agronomical, chemical and genetics which could be helpful to reduce the lodging threats in the maize-soybean intercropping system. Nonetheless, many queries needed to explicate the complex phenomenon of lodging. Henceforth, the agronomists, physiologists, molecular actors and breeders require further exploration to fix this challenging problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhou 610000, China;
| | - Bushra Ahmad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Cheng Bin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - M. Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Wang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tauseef Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Institute of Rice Research, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 625014, China;
| | - Iram Shafiq
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Irshan Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liu Weiguo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Li MW, Wang Z, Jiang B, Kaga A, Wong FL, Zhang G, Han T, Chung G, Nguyen H, Lam HM. Impacts of genomic research on soybean improvement in East Asia. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1655-1678. [PMID: 31646364 PMCID: PMC7214498 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been commonly accepted that soybean domestication originated in East Asia. Although East Asia has the historical merit in soybean production, the USA has become the top soybean producer in the world since 1950s. Following that, Brazil and Argentina have been the major soybean producers since 1970s and 1990s, respectively. China has once been the exporter of soybean to Japan before 1990s, yet she became a net soybean importer as Japan and the Republic of Korea do. Furthermore, the soybean yield per unit area in East Asia has stagnated during the past decade. To improve soybean production and enhance food security in these East Asian countries, much investment has been made, especially in the breeding of better performing soybean germplasms. As a result, China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea have become three important centers for soybean genomic research. With new technologies, the rate and precision of the identification of important genomic loci associated with desired traits from germplasm collections or mutants have increased significantly. Genome editing on soybean is also becoming more established. The year 2019 marked a new era for crop genome editing in the commercialization of the first genome-edited plant product, which is a high-oleic-acid soybean oil. In this review, we have summarized the latest developments in soybean breeding technologies and the remarkable progress in soybean breeding-related research in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Wah Li
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Zhili Wang
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Bingjun Jiang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Akito Kaga
- Soybean and Field Crop Applied Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 Japan
| | - Fuk-Ling Wong
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Northwest Drought Crop Cultivation of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Tianfu Han
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626 Korea
| | - Henry Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
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Yamaguchi N, Hagihara S, Hirai D. Field assessment of a major QTL associated with tolerance to cold-induced seed coat discoloration in soybean. BREEDING SCIENCE 2019; 69:521-528. [PMID: 31598087 PMCID: PMC6776143 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.19024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In Hokkaido, the northernmost region of Japan, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crops are damaged by cold weather. Chilling temperatures negatively affect seed appearance by causing seed coat discoloration around the hilum region, which is called cold-induced discoloration (CD). An assay for CD tolerance using a phytotron was developed, and two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with CD tolerance were identified. The major QTL was located in the proximal region of the I locus, and structural variation of this locus can serve as a useful DNA marker, called the Ic marker. To use this marker in breeding programs, the effects need to be assessed under field conditions because the Ic marker has been developed solely under phytotron conditions. The aim of this study was thus to assess the effect of the Ic marker under a cool field environment. We confirmed that the Ic allele was highly effective using 27 cultivars and breeding lines including a near-isogenic line grown in the field where severe cold-weather damage occurred. This allele had no negative influence on the agronomic traits in the near-isogenic line. Our results suggest that marker-assisted selection for the Ic allele is effective for improving CD tolerance in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Yamaguchi
- Hokkaido Research Organization Tokachi Agricultural Experiment Station,
2, Minami 9 sen, Shinsei, Memuro-cho, Kasai-gun, Hokkaido 082-0081,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| | - Seiji Hagihara
- Hokkaido Research Organization Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station,
Yayoi 52, Kunneppu-cho, Tokoro-gun, Hokkaido 099-1496,
Japan
| | - Dai Hirai
- Hokkaido Research Organization Central Agricultural Experiment Station,
Higashi 6 sen Kita 15 Gou, Naganuma-cho, Yubari-gun, Hokkaido 069-1395,
Japan
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5
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Oki N, Sayama T, Ishimoto M, Yokota I, Kaga A, Takahashi M, Takahashi M. Quantitative trait loci associated with short inter-node length in soybean. BREEDING SCIENCE 2018; 68:554-560. [PMID: 30697116 PMCID: PMC6345224 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.18087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the genetic control of plant height is essential in soybean breeding to increase yield through the enlargement of the plant size while preventing lodging. A Japanese soybean germplasm, Y2, has distinctively shorter inter-node lengths than those of recently developed Japanese cultivars and is expected to provide new variation to prevent lodging. A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for plant height-related traits was conducted using F2 individuals derived from a cross between the elite Japanese cultivar Fukuyutaka and Y2. A major QTL for average inter-node length (AIL) and plant height was identified on chromosome 13 and named qSI13-1 (QTL for short inter-node on chromosome 13). The Y2 allele of qSI13-1 was partially dominant for plant height. qSI13-1 exhibited no effect on either days to flowering or number of main stem nodes. The AILs and plant heights of the near-isogenic lines containing the Y2 allele of qSI13-1 in the genetic background of Fukuyutaka were significantly less than those of Fukuyutaka. No significant differences between the near-isogenic lines and Fukuyutaka were observed for seed yield and flowering date, indicating that qSI13-1 will be useful in developing cultivars with short plant heights without having negative effects on yield potential and days to flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Oki
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center,
2421 Suya, Koushi, Kumamoto 861-1192,
Japan
| | - Takashi Sayama
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Western Region Agricultural Research Center,
6-12-1 Nishifukatsu, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514,
Japan
| | - Masao Ishimoto
- The Institute of Crop Sciences,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Ikuko Yokota
- The Institute of Crop Sciences,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Akito Kaga
- The Institute of Crop Sciences,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Masakazu Takahashi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center,
2421 Suya, Koushi, Kumamoto 861-1192,
Japan
| | - Motoki Takahashi
- The Institute of Crop Sciences,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
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6
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Resende RT, de Resende MDV, Azevedo CF, Fonseca E Silva F, Melo LC, Pereira HS, Souza TLPO, Valdisser PAMR, Brondani C, Vianello RP. Genome-Wide Association and Regional Heritability Mapping of Plant Architecture, Lodging and Productivity in Phaseolus vulgaris. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2018; 8:2841-2854. [PMID: 29967054 PMCID: PMC6071601 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The availability of high-density molecular markers in common bean has allowed to explore the genetic basis of important complex agronomic traits with increased resolution. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Regional Heritability Mapping (RHM) are two analytical approaches for the detection of genetic variants. We carried out GWAS and RHM for plant architecture, lodging and productivity across two important growing environments in Brazil in a germplasm of 188 common bean varieties using DArTseq genotyping strategies. The coefficient of determination of G × E interaction (c2int ) was equal to 17, 21 and 41%, respectively for the traits architecture, lodging, and productivity. Trait heritabilities were estimated at 0.81 (architecture), 0.79 (lodging) and 0.43 (productivity), and total genomic heritability accounted for large proportions (72% to ≈100%) of trait heritability. At the same probability threshold, three marker-trait associations were detected using GWAS, while RHM detected eight QTL encompassing 145 markers along five chromosomes. The proportion of genomic heritability explained by RHM was considerably higher (35.48 to 58.02) than that explained by GWAS (28.39 to 30.37). In general, RHM accounted for larger fractions of the additive genetic variance being captured by markers effects inside the defined regions. Nevertheless, a considerable proportion of the heritability is still missing (∼42% to ∼64%), probably due to LD between markers and genes and/or rare allele variants not sampled. RHM in autogamous species had the potential to identify larger-effect QTL combining allelic variants that could be effectively incorporated into whole-genome prediction models and tracked through breeding generations using marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Deon V de Resende
- Department of Forestry
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
- EMBRAPA Florestas, Colombo, PR 83411-000, Brazil
| | - Camila F Azevedo
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudio Brondani
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO 75375-000, Brazil
| | - Rosana Pereira Vianello
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO 75375-000, Brazil
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Kato S, Sayama T, Ishimoto M, Yumoto S, Kikuchi A, Nishio T. The effect of stem growth habit on single seed weight and seed uniformity in soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill). BREEDING SCIENCE 2018; 68:352-359. [PMID: 30100802 PMCID: PMC6081300 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.17137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The timing of flower formation and length of the seed-filling period of indeterminate growth soybean varieties vary more than those of determinate varieties (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). These variations have been hypothesized to affect single seed weight and its uniformity which determine the processing quality of soybean used in foods. We derived near isogenic lines (NILs) with different growth characteristics from an indeterminate line (donor parent) and three determinate lines with heavy seeds (recurrent parents), and evaluated the effects of growth habit on seed weight and its uniformity. Each NIL population consisting of five indeterminate and five determinate BC4F4 lines tested at two locations in two different years with two replications. Split-plot analysis of variance, with main-plot and sub-plot being cross combination and growth habit, respectively, showed that indeterminate varieties had slightly heavier seeds than determinate varieties and that there was no significant difference in uniformity of single seed weights. The effects of growth habit on seed uniformity was related to genetic background, but differences between the two growth characteristics were less than the differences among genetic background. This indicates that indeterminate growth habit did not much influence seed weight or its uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kato
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO),
297 Uenodai, Kariwano, Daisen, Akita 019-2112,
Japan
| | - Takashi Sayama
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO,
1-3-1 Senyuu, Zentsuji, Kagawa 765-8508,
Japan
| | - Masao Ishimoto
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
| | - Setsuzo Yumoto
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
| | - Akio Kikuchi
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO),
297 Uenodai, Kariwano, Daisen, Akita 019-2112,
Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishio
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University,
1-1 Tsutsumidori, Amamiyamachi, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555,
Japan
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Fujii K, Sayama T, Takagi K, Kosuge K, Okano K, Kaga A, Ishimoto M. Identification and dissection of single seed weight QTLs by analysis of seed yield components in soybean. BREEDING SCIENCE 2018; 68:177-187. [PMID: 29875601 PMCID: PMC5982185 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.17098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Single seed weight (SSW), or seed size, is a seed yield components (SYC) in soybean, and it is suggested that the genetic factors regulating SSW are involved in the control of other SYCs. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for SSW and their effects on the other SYCs were investigated using a recombinant inbred line population derived from typical small- and large-seeded cultivars that were cultivated in two different environments. QTL analysis detected four environmentally stable QTLs for SSW, two of which coincided with the defined loci, qSw17-1 and Ln. The effects of the other loci, qSw12-1 and qSw13-1, were confirmed by analyzing residual heterozygous line progenies derived from the recombinant population. These four QTL regions were also involved in the control of an additional SYC, namely the large-seeded allele at each locus that reduced either the number of pods per plant or the number of ovules per pod. These results suggest the presence of at least two different regulatory mechanisms for SSW. Isolation of genes responsible for these QTLs provides an important tool in the understanding and utilization of SSW diversity for soybean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Fujii
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO),
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
| | - Takashi Sayama
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO),
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
| | - Kyoko Takagi
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
| | - Kazumasa Kosuge
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, Ibaraki Agriculture Center,
3165-1 Ago, Kasama, Ibaraki 319-0206,
Japan
| | - Katsunori Okano
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, Ibaraki Agriculture Center,
3165-1 Ago, Kasama, Ibaraki 319-0206,
Japan
| | - Akito Kaga
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO),
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
| | - Masao Ishimoto
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO),
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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