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Liu BK, Xv BJ, Si CC, Shi WQ, Ding GZ, Tang LX, Xv M, Shi CY, Liu HJ. Effect of potassium fertilization on storage root number, yield, and appearance quality of sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.). Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1298739. [PMID: 38455375 PMCID: PMC10917953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1298739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Increasing storage root number is a pivotal approach to enhance both storage root (SR) yield and appearance quality of sweet potato. Here, 2-year field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of 0 (K0), 120 (K1), 240 (K2), and 360 (K3) kg ha-1 potassium fertilizer (K2O) on lignin metabolism, root growth, storage root yield, and uniformity. The results demonstrated that potassium (K) application led to a decrease in the activities of key enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis, including phenylalanine deaminase (PAL), 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4-CL), cinnamic acid dehydrogenase (CAD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD). This resulted in a significant reduction in lignin and G-type lignin contents in potential SRs compared to K0 treatment within 10-30 days after planting (DAP). BJ553 exhibited a significant decrease in PAL activity, as well as lignin and G-type contents at 10 DAP, whereas YS25 showed delayed effects until 20 DAP. However, the number and distribution of secondary xylem conduits as well as the mid-column diameter area in roots were increased in K2 treatment. Interestingly, K2 treatment exhibited significantly larger potential SR diameter than other treatments at 15, 20, and 25 DAP. At harvest, K2 treatment increased the SR number, the single SR weight, and overall yield greatly compared with K0 treatment, with an average increase of 19.12%, 16.54%, and 16.92% respectively. The increase of SR number in BJ553 was higher than that of YS25. Furthermore, K2 treatment exhibited the lowest coefficient of variation for both SR length and diameter, indicating a higher yield of middle-sized SRs. In general, appropriate potassium application could effectively suppress lignin biosynthesis, leading to a reduction in the degree of pericycle lignification in potential SRs. This promotes an increase in the number of storage roots and ultimately enhances both yield and appearance quality of sweet potato. The effect of potassium fertilizer on lignin metabolism in BJ553 roots was earlier and resulted in a greater increase in the SR number compared to YS25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-kui Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Bing-jie Xv
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng-cheng Si
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Wen-qing Shi
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-zheng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Li-xue Tang
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Xv
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-yv Shi
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-jvan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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Zeng W, Shen D, Wu W, Zhang S, Li Z, Zhang D. Involvement of a catalase gene in lignin catalysis and immune defense against pathogenic fungus in Coptotermes formosanus: a potential new target for termite control. Pest Manag Sci 2024. [PMID: 38358092 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detoxifying enzymes are likely involved in lignin feeding and immune defense mechanisms within termites, rendering them potential targets for biological control. However, investigations into the dual functionality of termite detoxification enzymes in vivo have not been documented. RESULTS In this study, the complete cDNA of the catalase gene (Cfcat) derived from Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki was amplified. CFCAT comprises an open reading frame spanning 1527 bp, encoding a 508-amino acid sequence. The highest expression was observed in the epidermal tissues (including the fat body and hemolymph) followed by the foregut/salivary gland. Furthermore, we confirmed the catalase activity of the recombinant Cfcat protein. Using RNA interference (RNAi) technology, the importance of Cfcat in the lignin-feeding of C. formosanus was demonstrated, and the role of Cfcat in innate immunity was investigated. Survival assays showed that Cfcat RNAi significantly increased the susceptibility of C. formosanus to Metarhizium anisopliae. Irrespective of the infection status, Cfcat inhibition had a significant impact on multiple factors of humoral and intestinal immunity in C. formosanus. Notably, Cfcat RNAi exhibited a more pronounced immunosuppressive effect on humoral immunity than on intestinal immunity. CONCLUSION Cfcat plays an important role in the regulation of innate immunity and lignin feeding in C. formosanus. Cfcat RNAi can weaken the immune response of termites against M. anisopliae, which may aid the biocontrol efficiency of M. anisopliae against C. formosanus. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the development of a novel biocontrol strategy targeting detoxifying enzymes of termites. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danni Shen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Duan R, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang L, Yang J, Wang L, Wang S, Su Y, Xue H. Transcriptome and Physiological Analysis Highlight Lignin Metabolism of the Fruit Dots Disordering during Postharvest Cold Storage in 'Danxiahong' Pear. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1785. [PMID: 37761925 PMCID: PMC10531081 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pear (Pyrus L.) is one of the most important fruits in the world. Fruit dots are an important trait that affects pear quality. Abnormal fruit dots usually reduce the merchantability of pears. In this research, during cold storage, 'Danxiahong' pear fruit exhibited protrudent fruit dots on the peels. Microscopy system measurement showed that fruit dots size and height on the abnormal fruit peel were bigger and higher than the normal ones. Likewise, scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that the abnormal fruit peel, in contrast to the normal pear peel, exhibited an abnormal cell structure and fruit dots. Physiological analysis showed that the lignin content in abnormal fruit peel was significantly higher than in normal fruit peel. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the top-enriched pathways were mainly associated with lignin synthesis and metabolism. The transcripts of lignin biosynthesis-associated genes were analyzed, and the results showed that the expression of a cascade of structural genes, including PpyPAL, PpyCCR, PpyC3H, PpyC4H, PpyHCT, PpyCAD, PpyLAC, and PpyPOD, was significantly induced in the protrudent peels. Furthermore, the expression of regulatory genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, especially the NAC-MYB-based gene regulatory network, was significantly upregulated in the abnormal peels. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis confirmed the induction of lignin biosynthesis genes. Overall, this research revealed that the abnormal fruit surface was caused by fruit dots disorder during cold storage. This research provides insights into the fine regulation pathways in the prevention of fruit dots protrusion, especially in modulating lignin synthesis and metabolism during postharvest storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwei Duan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Xiangzhan Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Lei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Long Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Suke Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Yanli Su
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Huabai Xue
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
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Yang JW, Park SU, Lee HU, Nam KJ, Lee KL, Lee JJ, Kim JH, Kwak SS, Kim HS, Kim YH. Differential Responses of Antioxidant Enzymes and Lignin Metabolism in Susceptible and Resistant Sweetpotato Cultivars during Root-Knot Nematode Infection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1164. [PMID: 37371894 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKN) cause significant damage to sweetpotato plants and cause significant losses in yield and quality. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in plant defenses, with levels of ROS-detoxifying antioxidant enzymes tightly regulated during pathogen infection. In this study, ROS metabolism was examined in three RKN-resistant and three RKN-susceptible sweetpotato cultivars. The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were assessed, as was lignin-related metabolism. In RKN-infected roots, both resistant and susceptible cultivars increased SOD activity to produce higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, H2O2 removal by CAT activity differed between cultivars, with susceptible cultivars having higher CAT activity and lower overall H2O2 levels. In addition, the expression of phenylpropanoid-related phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase genes, which encode enzymes involved in lignin metabolism, were higher in resistant cultivars, as were total phenolic and lignin contents. Enzyme activities and H2O2 levels were examined during the early (7 days) and late (28 days) phases of infection in representative susceptible and resistant cultivars, revealing contrasting changes in ROS levels and antioxidant responses in the different stages of infection. This study suggests that differences in antioxidant enzyme activities and ROS regulation in resistant and susceptible cultivars might explain reduced RKN infection in resistant cultivars, resulting in smaller RKN populations and overall higher resistance to infection and infestation by RKNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Wook Yang
- Department of Crop Cultivation & Environment, Research National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16200, Republic of Korea
| | - Sul-U Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34030, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Un Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Muan 58538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jung Nam
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52609, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Lok Lee
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52609, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Joo Lee
- Department of Plant Medicine, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52609, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31008, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34030, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34030, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52609, Republic of Korea
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Zhao X, Niu Y, Hossain Z, Zhao B, Bai X, Mao T. New insights into light spectral quality inhibits the plasticity elongation of maize mesocotyl and coleoptile during seed germination. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1152399. [PMID: 37008499 PMCID: PMC10050570 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The plastic elongation of mesocotyl (MES) and coleoptile (COL), which can be repressed by light exposure, plays a vital role in maize seedling emergence and establishment under adverse environmental conditions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of light-mediated repression of MES and COL elongation in maize will allow us to develop new strategies for genetic improvement of these two crucial traits in maize. A maize variety, Zheng58, was used to monitor the transcriptome and physiological changes in MES and COL in response to darkness, as well as red, blue, and white light. The elongation of MES and COL was significantly inhibited by light spectral quality in this order: blue light > red light > white light. Physiological analyses revealed that light-mediated inhibition of maize MES and COL elongation was closely related to the dynamics of phytohormones accumulation and lignin deposition in these tissues. In response to light exposure, the levels of indole-3-acetic acid, trans-zeatin, gibberellin 3, and abscisic acid levels significantly decreased in MES and COL; by contrast, the levels of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, lignin, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and peroxidase enzyme activity significantly increased. Transcriptome analysis revealed multiple differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in circadian rhythm, phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, cytoskeleton and cell wall organization, lignin biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism. These DEGs exhibited synergistic and antagonistic interactions, forming a complex network that regulated the light-mediated inhibition of MES and COL elongation. Additionally, gene co-expression network analysis revealed that 49 hub genes in one and 19 hub genes in two modules were significantly associated with the elongation plasticity of COL and MES, respectively. These findings enhance our knowledge of the light-regulated elongation mechanisms of MES and COL, and provide a theoretical foundation for developing elite maize varieties with improved abiotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yining Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zakir Hossain
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Bingyu Zhao
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Xiaodong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Taotao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Xiao Y, Ling J, Yi F, Ma W, Lu N, Zhu T, Wang J, Zhao K, Yun H. Transcriptomic, Proteomic, and Metabolic Profiles of Catalpa bungei Tension Wood Reveal New Insight Into Lignin Biosynthesis Involving Transcription Factor Regulation. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:704262. [PMID: 34868103 PMCID: PMC8634757 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.704262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex polymer in plant cell walls whose proportion is second only to that of cellulose and plays an important role in the mechanical properties of wood and stress resistance of plants. Here, we induced tension wood (TW) formation in Catalpa bungei by artificial bending and analyzed the lignin metabolism of the TW. LC-MS analysis showed that a significantly higher content of coniferyl aldehyde was observed in the TW cell wall than in the opposite wood (OW) and normal wood (NW) cell walls. TW had significantly lower contents of coniferyl alcohol than OW and NW. Raman spectroscopy results indicated that TW had lower total lignin than OW and NW. The transcription and translation levels of most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lignin monomer biosynthesis indicated upregulation in TW/OW and TW/NW. We found no significant difference in the transcription levels of three collision gases (CADs) between TW and OW or between NW, but their translation levels were significantly downregulated in TW, suggesting post-transcriptional control for CAD. We predicted and analyzed transcription factors that could target DEGs involved in lignin monomer biosynthesis in TW. Based on the analysis of the relationships of targeting and coexpression, we found that NAC (evm.model.group1.695) could potentially target 4CLs and CCoAOMT, that HD-Zip (evm.model.group7.1157) had potential targeting relationships with CCoAOMT, F5H, and CCR, and that their expression levels were significantly positive. It is speculated that the upregulation of NAC and HD-ZIP transcription factors activates the expression of downstream target genes, which leads to a significant increase in coniferyl aldehyde in TW. However, the decrease in total lignin in TW may be caused by the significant downregulation of CAD translation and the significant decrease in precursors (coniferyl alcohol). Whether the expression of CAD genes is regulated by post-transcriptional control and affects TW lignin metabolism needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang, China
| | - Huiling Yun
- Xiaolongshan Research Institute of Forest Science and Technology, Tianshui, China
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Kumarihami HMPC, Kim JG, Kim YH, Lee M, Lee YS, Kwack YB, Kim J. Preharvest Application of Chitosan Improves the Postharvest Life of 'Garmrok' Kiwifruit through the Modulation of Genes Related to Ethylene Biosynthesis, Cell Wall Modification, and Lignin Metabolism. Foods 2021; 10:373. [PMID: 33572175 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the preharvest application of chitosan on physicochemical properties and changes in gene expression of ‘Garmrok’ kiwifruit during postharvest cold storage (0 °C; RH 90–95%; 90 days) was investigated. Preharvest treatment of chitosan increased the fruit weight but had no significant effect on fruit size. The chitosan treatment suppressed the ethylene production and respiration rate of kiwifruit during the cold storage. The reduction of ethylene production of chitosan-treated kiwifruit was accompanied with the suppressed expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes. Moreover, preharvest application of chitosan diminished weight loss and delayed the changes in physicochemical properties that include firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, total sugars, total acids, total phenols, and total lignin. As a result, the preharvest application of chitosan delayed the maturation and ripening of fruit. Expression of genes related to cell wall modification was down-regulated during the early maturation (ripening) period, while those related to gene expression for lignin metabolism were up-regulated at the later stages of ripening. These results demonstrate that the preharvest application of chitosan maintained the fruit quality and extends the postharvest life of ‘Garmrok’ kiwifruit, possibly through the modulation of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis, cell wall modification, and lignin metabolism.
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Raza A, Asghar MA, Ahmad B, Bin C, Iftikhar Hussain M, Li W, Iqbal T, Yaseen M, Shafiq I, Yi Z, Ahmad I, Yang W, Weiguo L. Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System-A Review. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1592. [PMID: 33212960 PMCID: PMC7698466 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet. Therefore, the present review is tempted to compare the conceptual insights with preceding published researches and proposed the important techniques which could be applied to overcome the devastating effects of lodging. We further explored that, lodging stress management is dependent on multiple approaches such as agronomical, chemical and genetics which could be helpful to reduce the lodging threats in the maize-soybean intercropping system. Nonetheless, many queries needed to explicate the complex phenomenon of lodging. Henceforth, the agronomists, physiologists, molecular actors and breeders require further exploration to fix this challenging problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhou 610000, China;
| | - Bushra Ahmad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Cheng Bin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - M. Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Wang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tauseef Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Institute of Rice Research, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 625014, China;
| | - Iram Shafiq
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Irshan Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liu Weiguo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Mierziak J, Wojtasik W, Kulma A, Dziadas M, Kostyn K, Dymińska L, Hanuza J, Żuk M, Szopa J. 3-Hydroxybutyrate Is Active Compound in Flax That Upregulates Genes Involved in DNA Methylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2887. [PMID: 32326145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) is not only an intermediate metabolite during the oxidation of fatty acids, but also an important signaling molecule. On the other hand, the information about the metabolism or function of this compound in plants is scarce. In our study, we show for the first time that this compound naturally occurs in flax. The expression of bacterial β-ketothiolase in flax affects expression of endogenous genes of the 3-HB biosynthesis pathway and the compound content. The increase in 3-HB content in transgenic plants or after control plants treatment with 3-HB resulted in upregulation of genes involved in chromatin remodeling. The observation that 3-HB is an endogenous activator of methyltransferase 3 (CMT3), decreased DNA methylation I (DDM1), DEMETER DNA glycosylase (DME), and an inhibitor of sirtuin 1 (SRT1) provides an example of integration of different genes in chromatin remodeling. The changes in chromatin remodeling gene expression concomitant with those involved in phenolics and the lignin biosynthesis pathway suggest potential integration of secondary metabolic status with epigenetic changes.
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